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Xie XH, Xu SX, Yao L, Chen MM, Zhang H, Wang C, Nagy C, Liu Z. Altered in vivo early neurogenesis traits in patients with depression: Evidence from neuron-derived extracellular vesicles and electroconvulsive therapy. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:19-28. [PMID: 38101468 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurogenesis hypothesis is a promising candidate etiologic hypothesis for depression, and it is associated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). However, human in vivo molecular-level evidence is lacking. OBJECTIVE We used neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) as a "window to the neurons" to explore the in vivo neurogenesis status associated with ECT in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). METHODS In this study, we enrolled 40 patients with TRD and 35 healthy controls (HCs). We isolated NDEVs from the plasma of each participant to test the levels of doublecortin (DCX), a marker of neurogenesis, and cluster of differentiation (CD) 81, a marker of EVs. We also assessed the plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that is known to be associated with ECT and neuroplastic processes. RESULTS Our findings indicated that both the levels of DCX in NDEVs and BDNF in plasma were significantly lower in TRD patients compared to HCs at baseline, but increased following ECTs. Conversely, levels of CD81 in NDEVs were found higher in TRD patients at baseline, but did not change after the ECT treatments. Exploratory analyses revealed that lower levels of BDNF in plasma and DCX in NDEVs, along with higher CD81 levels in NDEVs, were associated with more severe depressive symptoms and reduced cognitive function at baseline. Furthermore, higher baseline CD81 concentrations in NDEVs were correlated with greater decreases in depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS We first present human in vivo evidence of early neurogenesis using DCX through NDEVs: decreased in TRD patients, increased after ECTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hui Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shu-Xian Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lihua Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Mian-Mian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Honghan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Corina Nagy
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Taikang center for life and medical sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
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Miyata S, Tsuda M, Mitsui S. Overexpression of Motopsin, an Extracellular Serine Protease Related to Intellectual Disability, Promotes Adult Neurogenesis and Neuronal Responsiveness in the Dentate Gyrus. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03890-y. [PMID: 38153682 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Motopsin, a serine protease encoded by PRSS12, is secreted by neuronal cells into the synaptic clefts in an activity-dependent manner, where it induces synaptogenesis by modulating Na+/K+-ATPase activity. In humans, motopsin deficiency leads to severe intellectual disability and, in mice, it disturbs spatial memory and social behavior. In this study, we investigated mice that overexpressed motopsin in the forebrain using the Tet-Off system (DTG-OE mice). The elevated agrin cleavage or the reduced Na+/K+-ATPase activity was not detected. However, motopsin overexpression led to a reduction in spine density in hippocampal CA1 basal dendrites. While motopsin overexpression decreased the ratio of mature mushroom spines in the DG, it increased the ratio of immature thin spines in CA1 apical dendrites. Female DTG-OE mice showed elevated locomotor activity in their home cages. DTG-OE mice showed aberrant behaviors, such as delayed latency to the target hole in the Barnes maze test and prolonged duration of sniffing objects in the novel object recognition test (NOR), although they retained memory comparable to that of TRE-motopsin littermates, which normally express motopsin. After NOR, c-Fos-positive cells increased in the dentate gyrus (DG) of DTG-OE mice compared with that of DTG-SO littermates, in which motopsin overexpression was suppressed by the administration of doxycycline, and TRE-motopsin littermates. Notably, the numbers of doublecortin- and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-labeled cells significantly increased in the DG of DTG-OE mice, suggesting increased adult neurogenesis. Importantly, our results revealed a new function in addition to modulating neuronal responsiveness and spine morphology in the DG: the regulation of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Miyata
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsuda
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Science Research Center, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Shinichi Mitsui
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan.
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Huguet G, Puig-Parnau I, Serrano JCE, Martin-Gari M, Rodríguez-Palmero M, Moreno-Muñoz JA, Tibau J, Kádár E. Hippocampal neurogenesis and Arc expression are enhanced in high-fat fed prepubertal female pigs by a diet including omega-3 fatty acids and Bifidobacterium breve CECT8242. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2463-2473. [PMID: 37148357 PMCID: PMC10421764 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity during childhood has become a pandemic disease, mainly caused by a diet rich in sugars and fatty acids. Among other negative effects, these diets can induce cognitive impairment and reduce neuroplasticity. It is well known that omega-3 and probiotics have a beneficial impact on health and cognition, and we have hypothesized that a diet enriched with Bifidobacterium breve and omega-3 could potentiate neuroplasticity in prepubertal pigs on a high-fat diet. METHODS Young female piglets were fed during 10 weeks with: standard diet (T1), high-fat (HF) diet (T2), HF diet including B. breve CECT8242 (T3) and HF diet including the probiotic and omega-3 fatty acids (T4). Using hippocampal sections, we analyzed by immunocytochemistry the levels of doublecortin (DCX) to study neurogenesis, and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) as a synaptic plasticity related protein. RESULTS No effect of T2 or T3 was observed, whereas T4 increased both DCX+ cells and Arc expression. Therefore, a diet enriched with supplements of B. breve and omega-3 increases neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in prepubertal females on a HF diet from nine weeks of age to sexual maturity. Furthermore, the analysis of serum cholesterol and HDL indicate that neurogenesis was related to lipidic demand in piglets fed with control or HF diets, but the neurogenic effect induced by the T4 diet was exerted by mechanisms independent of this lipidic demand. CONCLUSION Our results show that the T4 dietary treatment is effective in potentiating neural plasticity in the dorsal hippocampus of prepubertal females on a HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Huguet
- Department of Biology, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Jose C. E. Serrano
- IRBLleida-Universitat de Lleida, Avda Rovira Roure 80, 25196 Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Joan Tibau
- Animal Science-Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, IRTA-Monells, 17121 Monells, Spain
| | - Elisabet Kádár
- Department of Biology, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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Ruiz-González R, Lajud N, Tejeda-Martínez AR, Flores-Soto ME, Valdez-Alarcón JJ, Tellez LA, Roque A. Antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion in normally-reared adult rats mimics the neuroendocrine effects of early life stress. Brain Res 2022; 1793:148055. [PMID: 35985361 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Early life stress induced by maternal separation (MS) causes neuroendocrine, behavioral, and metabolic alterations that are related to gut dysbiosis. MS also increases microglial activation and decreases neurogenesis. Whether these long-term alterations are maintained or worsened in the absence of gut microbiota remains unknown. Hence, this study evaluated the effect of MS symptomatology after antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion (AIMD) in adult rats. Control and maternally separated (3 h per day from postnatal day one to 14, MS180) rats were subjected to AIMD for one month, then assessed for behavioral, metabolic, and neuroendocrine responses. Effects of MS180 and AIMD on gut microbiota were confirmed by qPCR. The data indicate that MS180 caused a passive coping strategy in the forced swimming test and decreased hippocampal neurogenesis. In addition, fasting glucose, cholesterol, and corticosterone levels increased, which correlated with a decrease in Lactobacillus spp counts in the caecum. AIMD also increased immobility in the forced swimming test, decreased hippocampal neurogenesis, and augmented corticosterone levels. However, it had no effects on glucose homeostasis or plasma lipid levels. Furthermore, the MS180-induced long-term effects on behavior and neurogenesis were not affected by microbiota depletion. Meanwhile, the metabolic imbalance was partially reversed in MS180 + AIMD rats. These results show that AIMD mimics the behavioral consequences of MS180 but may prevent metabolic imbalance, suggesting that gut dysbiosis could be part of the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of the long-term consequences of early life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ruiz-González
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Desarrollo, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán (CIBIMI), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Naima Lajud
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Desarrollo, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán (CIBIMI), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Aldo Rafael Tejeda-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Mario Eduardo Flores-Soto
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Juan José Valdez-Alarcón
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios Biotecnología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Luis A Tellez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de la Conducta Motivada, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Angélica Roque
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Desarrollo, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán (CIBIMI), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
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Hodges TE, Lieblich SE, Rechlin RK, Galea LAM. Sex differences in inflammation in the hippocampus and amygdala across the lifespan in rats: associations with cognitive bias. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:43. [PMID: 36203171 PMCID: PMC9535862 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00299-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Cognitive symptoms of major depressive disorder, such as negative cognitive bias, are more prevalent in women than in men. Cognitive bias involves pattern separation which requires hippocampal neurogenesis and is modulated by inflammation in the brain. Previously, we found sex differences in the activation of the amygdala and the hippocampus in response to negative cognitive bias in rats that varied with age. Given the association of cognitive bias to neurogenesis and inflammation, we examined associations between cognitive bias, neurogenesis in the hippocampus, and cytokine and chemokine levels in the ventral hippocampus (HPC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) of male and female rats across the lifespan. Results After cognitive bias testing, males had more IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 in the ventral HPC than females in adolescence. In young adulthood, females had more IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in the BLA than males. Middle-aged rats had more IL-13, TNF-α, and CXCL1 in both regions than younger groups. Adolescent male rats had higher hippocampal neurogenesis than adolescent females after cognitive bias testing and young rats that underwent cognitive bias testing had higher levels of hippocampal neurogenesis than controls. Neurogenesis in the dorsal hippocampus was negatively associated with negative cognitive bias in young adult males. Conclusions Overall, the association between negative cognitive bias, hippocampal neurogenesis, and inflammation in the brain differs by age and sex. Hippocampal neurogenesis and inflammation may play greater role in the cognitive bias of young males compared to a greater role of BLA inflammation in adult females. These findings lay the groundwork for the discovery of sex-specific novel therapeutics that target region-specific inflammation in the brain and hippocampal neurogenesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12979-022-00299-4. • Adolescent male rats had more hippocampal inflammation than females after cognitive bias testing. • Adult female rats had more basolateral amygdalar inflammation than males after cognitive bias testing. • HPC neurogenesis was negatively associated to cognitive bias in young adult male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis E. Hodges
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stephanie E. Lieblich
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rebecca K. Rechlin
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Liisa A. M. Galea
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada ,grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Arshad MN, Oppenheimer S, Jeong J, Buyukdemirtas B, Naegele JR. Hippocampal transplants of fetal GABAergic progenitors regulate adult neurogenesis in mice with temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 174:105879. [PMID: 36183946 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAergic interneurons play a role in regulating adult neurogenesis within the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. Neurogenesis occurs within a stem cell niche in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the DG. In this niche, populations of neural progenitors give rise to granule cells that migrate radially into the granule cell layer of the DG. Altered neurogenesis in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is linked to a transient increase in the proliferation of new neurons and the abnormal inversion of Type 1 progenitors, resulting in ectopic migration of Type 3 progenitors into the hilus of the DG. These ectopic cells mature into granule cells in the hilus that become hyperexcitable and contribute to the development of spontaneous recurrent seizures. To test whether grafts of GABAergic cells in the DG restore synaptic inhibition, prior work focused on transplanting GABAergic progenitors into the hilus of the DG. This cell-based therapeutic approach was shown to alter the disease phenotype by ameliorating spontaneous seizures in mice with pilocarpine-induced TLE. Prior optogenetic and immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that the transplanted GABAergic interneurons increased levels of synaptic inhibition by establishing inhibitory synaptic contacts with adult-born granule cells, consistent with the observed suppression of seizures. Whether GABAergic progenitor transplantation into the DG ameliorates underlying abnormalities in adult neurogenesis caused by TLE is not known. As a first step to address this question, we compared the effects of GABAergic progenitor transplantation on Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 progenitors in the stem cell niche using cell type-specific molecular markers in naïve, non-epileptic mice. The progenitor transplantation increased GABAergic interneurons in the DG and led to a significant reduction in Type 2 progenitors and a concomitant increase in Type 3 progenitors. Next, we compared the effects of GABAergic interneuron transplantation in epileptic mice. Transplantation of GABAergic progenitors resulted in reductions in inverted Type 1, Type 2, and hilar ectopic Type 3 cells, concomitant with an increase in the radial migration of Type 3 progenitors into the GCL (Granule Cell Layer). Thus, in mice with Pilocarpine induced TLE, hilar transplants of GABA interneurons may reverse abnormal patterns of adult neurogenesis, an outcome that may ameliorate seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad N Arshad
- Hall-Atwater Laboratory, Wesleyan University, Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Middletown, CT 06459-0170, USA.
| | - Simon Oppenheimer
- Hall-Atwater Laboratory, Wesleyan University, Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Middletown, CT 06459-0170, USA.
| | - Jaye Jeong
- Hall-Atwater Laboratory, Wesleyan University, Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Middletown, CT 06459-0170, USA.
| | - Bilge Buyukdemirtas
- Hall-Atwater Laboratory, Wesleyan University, Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Middletown, CT 06459-0170, USA.
| | - Janice R Naegele
- Hall-Atwater Laboratory, Wesleyan University, Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Middletown, CT 06459-0170, USA.
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Ramírez-Rodríguez GB, Juan DM, González-Olvera JJ. 5 Hz of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves cognition and induces modifications in hippocampal neurogenesis in adult female Swiss Webster mice. Brain Res Bull 2022; 186:91-105. [PMID: 35688304 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is regulated by several stimuli to promote the creation of a reserve that may facilitate coping with environmental challenges. In this regard, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a neuromodulation therapy, came to our attention because in clinical studies it reverts behavioral and cognitive alterations related to changes in brain plasticity. Some preclinical studies emphasize the need to understand the underlying mechanism of rTMS to induce behavioral modifications. In this study, we investigated the effects of rTMS on cognition, neurogenic-associated modifications, and neuronal activation in the hippocampus of female Swiss Webster mice. We applied 5 Hz of rTMS twice a day for 14 days. Three days later, mice were exposed to the behavioral battery. Then, brains were collected and immunostained for Ki67-positive cells, doublecortin-positive (DCX+)-cells, calbindin, c-Fos and FosB/Delta-FosB in the dentate gyrus. Also, we analyzed mossy fibers and CA3 with calbindin immunostaining. Mice exposed to rTMS exhibited cognitive improvement, an increased number of proliferative cells, DCX cells, DCX cells with complex dendrite morphology, c-Fos and immunoreactivity of FosB/Delta-FosB in the granular cell layer. The volume of the granular cell layer, mossy fibers and CA3 in rTMS mice also increased. Interestingly, cognitive improvement correlated with DCX cells with complex dendrite morphology. Also, those DCX cells and calbindin immunoreactivity correlated with c-Fos in the granular cell layer. Our results suggest that 5 Hz of rTMS applied twice a day modify cell proliferation, doublecortin cells, mossy fibers and enhance cognitive behavior in healthy female Swiss Webster mice.
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Ramírez-Rodríguez GB, Gutiérrez-Vera B, Ortiz-López L, Vega-Rivera NM, Juan DM, Granados-Juárez A, Aquino DVC, Castro-García M, Ramos MF. Environmental enrichment: dissociated effects between physical activity and changing environmental complexity on anxiety and neurogenesis in adult male Balb/C mice. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113878. [PMID: 35700814 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several factors, including environmental modifications, stimulate neuroplasticity. One type of neuroplasticity consists in the generation of new neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Neurogenesis is modulated by environmental enrichment (ENR, tunnels plus running wheel) and affected by the time of exposure to ENR. Despite the wide use of ENR to stimulate neuroplasticity, the degree to which ENR variations modeled by temporally changing the level of environmental complexity affect hippocampal neurogenesis and anxiety is still unclear. Thus, we investigated the effects of five housing conditions on young adult male Balb/C mice exposed for 42 days. The groups were as follows: standard conditions without ENR, constant ENR complexity, gradual increase of ENR complexity followed by a gradual decrease of ENR complexity, gradual increase of ENR complexity followed by constant ENR complexity, and constant ENR complexity followed by a gradual decrease of ENR complexity. On day 44, mice were exposed to the elevated plus-maze to evaluate anxiety. Further, we analyzed neurogenesis and quantified corticosterone levels. In an additional experiment, we explored the effect of voluntary physical activity on anxiety, neurogenesis, and corticosterone during the variations in ENR complexity. Our results showed that any change in ENR complexity over time reduced anxiety. Also, voluntary physical activity alone or in the context of a complex environment increased doublecortin cell maturation in the granular cell layer of the hippocampus. Finally, our study supports that physical activity acts proneurogenic, whereas any change in environmental complexity decreases anxiety-like behavior. However, the decrease in corticosterone levels elicited by physical activity was lower than the decrease produced by the decrement in environmental complexity.
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He Z. Selective effects of perinatal estrogen on proliferation and new neurons in hippocampus and piriform cortex of rats at weaning. Neurotoxicology 2022; 91:254-261. [PMID: 35618077 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent report links heightened prenatal amniotic estrogen levels to an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we examined the developmental effects of perinatal estrogen treatment on stem cell activity in weaned rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats received ethinyl estradiol (EE2, 10µg/kg/day) or vehicle orally from gestational day 6 until parturition. Offspring were then treated with the same daily dose from postnatal days (PNDs) 1-21. The effects of perinatal estrogen treatment on stem cell activities in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus and the piriform cortex were evaluated in male and female rat pups. RESULTS EE2 treatment increased the total Ki67-immunoreactive (Ki67-ir) cell counts in the SGZ of males and females (p<0.05). However, no treatment or sex differences were detectable in the density of the doublecortin (DCX)-immunoreactive (DCX-ir) deposits in the hippocampus. In the piriform cortex, no treatment or sex differences were detected in Ki67-ir cell counts. However, the EE2 treatment significantly reduced the DCX-ir cell count in male, but not female rats (male EE2 group=292±22/mm2, male vehicle group=402±19/mm2, female EE2 group=342±15/mm2, female vehicle group=331±9/mm2). CONCLUSIONS Perinatal estrogen treatment increased hippocampal Ki67-ir cell counts in both sexes and selectively reduced DCX-ir cell counts in the piriform cortex of males. These data suggest that exposure to abnormally high levels of estrogens early in life may have an impact on neural cell development. Alterations in development so early in life may have long-term cognitive impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z He
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA.
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Hwang Y, Kim HC, Shin EJ. BKM120 alters the migration of doublecortin-positive cells in the dentate gyrus of mice. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106226. [PMID: 35460881 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BKM120 is an inhibitor of class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases and its anti-cancer effects have been demonstrated in various solid cancer models. BKM120 is highly brain permeable and has been reported to induce mood disturbances in clinical trials. Therefore, we examined whether BKM120 produces anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice, as with patients receiving BKM120 in clinical trials. In this study, repeated BKM120 treatment (2.0 or 5.0mg/kg, i.p., five times at 12-h interval) significantly induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice. Although abnormal changes in hippocampal neurogenesis have been suggested to, at least in part, associated with the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety, BKM120 did not affect the incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine or the expression of doublecortin (DCX); however, it significantly enhanced the radial migration of DCX-positive cells in the dentate gyrus. BKM120-induced changes in migration were not accompanied by obvious neuronal damage in the hippocampus. Importantly, BKM120-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors were positively correlated with the extent of DCX-positive cell migration. Concomitantly, p-Akt expression was significantly decreased in the dentate gyrus. Moreover, the expression of p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p-DCX, and Ras homolog family member A (RhoA)-GTP decreased significantly, particularly in aberrantly migrated DCX-positive cells. Together, the results suggest that repeated BKM120 treatment enhances the radial migration of DCX-positive cells and induces anxiety- and depression-like behaviors by regulating the activity of Akt, JNK, DCX, and RhoA in the dentate gyrus. It also suggests that the altered migration of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus plays a role in mood disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonggwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Atherton J, Stouffer M, Francis F, Moores CA. Visualising the cytoskeletal machinery in neuronal growth cones using cryo-electron tomography. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274968. [PMID: 35383828 PMCID: PMC9016625 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons extend axons to form the complex circuitry of the mature brain. This depends on the coordinated response and continuous remodelling of the microtubule and F-actin networks in the axonal growth cone. Growth cone architecture remains poorly understood at nanoscales. We therefore investigated mouse hippocampal neuron growth cones using cryo-electron tomography to directly visualise their three-dimensional subcellular architecture with molecular detail. Our data showed that the hexagonal arrays of actin bundles that form filopodia penetrate and terminate deep within the growth cone interior. We directly observed the modulation of these and other growth cone actin bundles by alteration of individual F-actin helical structures. Microtubules with blunt, slightly flared or gently curved ends predominated in the growth cone, frequently contained lumenal particles and exhibited lattice defects. Investigation of the effect of absence of doublecortin, a neurodevelopmental cytoskeleton regulator, on growth cone cytoskeleton showed no major anomalies in overall growth cone organisation or in F-actin subpopulations. However, our data suggested that microtubules sustained more structural defects, highlighting the importance of microtubule integrity during growth cone migration. Summary: Cryo-electron tomographic reconstruction of neuronal growth cone subdomains reveals distinctive F-actin and microtubule cytoskeleton architectures and modulation at molecular detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Atherton
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College, London SE1 1YR, UK.,Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Melissa Stouffer
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 17 Rue du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne University UMR-S 1270, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, 17 Rue du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France.,Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuberg, Austria
| | - Fiona Francis
- INSERM UMR-S 1270, 17 Rue du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne University UMR-S 1270, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, 17 Rue du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Carolyn A Moores
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
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12
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Lan R, Ge D, Liu YZ, You Z. Dcx expression defines a subpopulation of Gdf5 + cells with chondrogenic potentials in E12.5 mouse embryonic limbs. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 29:101200. [PMID: 35036586 PMCID: PMC8749014 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 5 (Gdf5) and doublecortin (Dcx) genes are both expressed in joint interzone cells during synovial joint development. In this study, we re-analyzed the single cell RNA-sequencing data (Gene Expression Omnibus GSE151985) generated from Gdf5 + cells of mouse knee joints at embryonic stages of E12.5, E13.5, E14.5, and E15.5, with a new focus on Dcx. We found that Dcx expression was enriched in clusters of Gdf5 + cells, with high expression levels of pro-chondrogenic genes including sex determining region Y-box transcription factor 5 (Sox5), Sox6, Sox9, Gdf5, versican, matrilin 4, collagen type II α 1 chain (Col2a1), Col9a1, Col9a2, and Col9a3 at E12.5. Dcx + and Dcx - cells had differential gene expression profiles. The up-regulated genes in Dcx + vs. Dcx - cells at E12.5 and E13.5 were enriched in chondrocyte differentiation and cartilage development, whereas those genes up-regulated at E14.5 and E15.5 were enriched in RNA splicing, protein stability, cell proliferation, and cell growth. Gene expression profiles in Dcx + cells showed rapid daily changes from E12.5 to E15.5, with limited number of genes shared across the time period. Expression of Gdf5, Sox5, Sox6, melanoma inhibitory activity, noggin, odd-skipped related transcription factor 2, matrilin 4, and versican was positively correlated with Dcx expression. Our results demonstrate that Dcx expression defines a subpopulation of Gdf5 + cells with chondrogenic potentials in E12.5 mouse embryonic limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxin Lan
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropic Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Dongxia Ge
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Yao-Zhong Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropic Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Zongbing You
- Department of Structural & Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Department of Research Service, Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA.,Tulane Cancer Center and Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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13
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Odrzywolski A, Jarosz B, Kiełbus M, Telejko I, Ziemianek D, Knaga S, Rola R. Profiling Glioblastoma Cases with an Expression of DCX, OLIG2 and NES. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413217. [PMID: 34948016 PMCID: PMC8708973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths with the lowest five-year survival rates among all of the human cancers. Multiple factors contribute to its poor outcome, including intratumor heterogeneity, along with migratory and invasive capacities of tumour cells. Over the last several years Doublecortin (DCX) has been one of the debatable factors influencing GBM cells’ migration. To resolve DCX’s ambiguous role in GBM cells’ migration, we set to analyse the expression patterns of DCX along with Nestin (NES) and Oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) in 17 cases of GBM, using immunohistochemistry, followed by an analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data. Our results showed that only a small subset of DCX positive (DCX+) cells was present in the tumour. Moreover, no particular pattern emerged when analysing DCX+ cells relative position to the tumour margin. By looking into single-cell RNA-seq data, the majority of DCX+ cells were classified as non-cancerous, with a small subset of cells that could be regarded as glioma stem cells. In conclusion, our findings support the notion that glioma cells express DCX; however, there is no clear evidence to prove that DCX participates in GBM cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Odrzywolski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.O.); (M.K.); (I.T.)
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bożena Jarosz
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (B.J.); (D.Z.)
| | - Michał Kiełbus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.O.); (M.K.); (I.T.)
| | - Ilona Telejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (A.O.); (M.K.); (I.T.)
| | - Dominik Ziemianek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (B.J.); (D.Z.)
| | - Sebastian Knaga
- Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Radosław Rola
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (B.J.); (D.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Roy A, Kundu M, Chakrabarti S, Patel DR, Pahan K. Oleamide, a Sleep-Inducing Supplement, Upregulates Doublecortin in Hippocampal Progenitor Cells via PPARα. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1747-1762. [PMID: 34744082 PMCID: PMC10075226 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doublecortin (DCX), a microtubule associated protein, has emerged as a central biomarker of hippocampal neurogenesis. However, molecular mechanisms by which DCX is regulated are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE Since sleep is involved with the acquisition of memory and oleamide or 9-Octadecenamide (OCT) is a sleep-inducing supplement in human, we examined whether OCT could upregulate DCX in hippocampal progenitor cells (HPCs). METHODS We employed real-time PCR, western blot, immunostaining, chromatin immunoprecipitation, lentiviral transduction in HPCs, and the calcium influx assay. RESULTS OCT directly upregulated the transcription of Dcx in HPCs via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a lipid-lowering transcription factor. We observed that, HPCs of Ppara-null mice displayed significant impairment in DCX expression and neuronal differentiation as compared to that of wild-type mice. Interestingly, treatment with OCT stimulated the differentiation process of HPCs in wild-type, but not Ppara-null mice. Reconstruction of PPARα in mouse Ppara-null HPCs restored the expression of DCX, which was further stimulated with OCT treatment. In contrast, a dominant-negative mutant of PPARα significantly attenuated the stimulatory effect of OCT on DCX expression and suppressed neuronal differentiation of human neural progenitor cells. Furthermore, RNA microarray, STRING, chromatin immunoprecipitation, site-directed mutagenesis, and promoter reporter assay have identified DCX as a new target of PPARα. CONCLUSION These results indicate that OCT, a sleep supplement, directly controls the expression of DCX and suggest that OCT may be repurposed for stimulating the hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Roy
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madhuchhanda Kundu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sudipta Chakrabarti
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dhruv R Patel
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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15
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Varentsov VE, Rumyanceva TA, Verzilina AD, Pshenisnov KK, Rudenko EE, Nikolenko VN, Shevchuk IV, Sinelnikov MY. Effect of a neurostimulator on postnatal neurogenesis in rodent olfactory bulbs. Neuropeptides 2021; 89:102181. [PMID: 34271452 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to reveal the effect of neurostimulation with the TKPRPGP neuropeptide on the expression intensity of Doublecortin and Nestin in the olfactory bulb of white Wistar rats using immunohistochemical and computer analysis methods. An isolated assessment of early progenitor differentiation by the density of nestin-positive structures showed that stimulation from birth to 14 days preserves the level of nestin expression, preventing its decrease. When the administration of the neuropeptide is stopped, the expression of nestin decreases sharply, starting from the central zones of the bulb, and after three weeks it is no longer present. The dynamics of doublecortin positive structure density reflects an increase upon neuropeptide administration. Each course of neuropeptide administration caused an increase in the density of the marker, but the degree of effectiveness decreased with age, and the duration of the effect decreased. In conclusion, administration of the neuropeptide TKPRPGP to rats at an early age prolongs the expression of nestin and doublecortin in the olfactory bulbs of rats up to 35 days and up to 74 days of observation, respectively. The administration of the neuropeptide in adulthood does not lead to re-expression of these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ekaterina E Rudenko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir N Nikolenko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan V Shevchuk
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Y Sinelnikov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation.
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16
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Qiu W, Go KA, Wen Y, Duarte-Guterman P, Eid RS, Galea LAM. Maternal fluoxetine reduces hippocampal inflammation and neurogenesis in adult offspring with sex-specific effects of periadolescent oxytocin. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:394-409. [PMID: 34174336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Untreated perinatal depression can have severe consequences for the mother and her children. However, both the efficacy to mothers and safety to exposed infants of pharmacological antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), have been questioned. We previously reported that maternal SSRI exposure increased hippocampal IL-1β levels, which may be tied to limited efficacy of SSRIs during the postpartum to the dam but is not yet known whether maternal postpartum SSRIs affect the neuroinflammatory profile of adult offspring. In addition, although controversial, perinatal SSRI exposure has been linked to increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children. Oxytocin (OT) is under investigation as a treatment for ASD, but OT is a large neuropeptide that has difficulty crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). TriozanTM is a nanoformulation that can facilitate OT to cross the BBB. Thus, we investigated the impact of maternal postpartum SSRIs and offspring preadolescent OT treatment on adult offspring neuroinflammation, social behavior, and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Using a model of de novo postpartum depression, corticosterone (CORT) was given in the postpartum to the dam with or without treatment with the SSRI, fluoxetine (FLX) for 21 days postpartum. Offspring were then subsequently treated with either OT, OT + TriozanTM, or vehicle for 10 days prior to adolescence (PD25-34). Maternal FLX decreased hippocampal IL-10 and IL-13 and neurogenesis in both sexes, whereas maternal CORT increased hippocampal IL-13 in both sexes. Maternal CORT treatment shifted the neuroimmune profile towards a more proinflammatory profile in offspring hippocampus, whereas oxytocin, independent of formulation, normalized this profile. OT treatment increased hippocampal neurogenesis in adult males but not in adult females, regardless of maternal treatment. OT treatment increased the time spent with a novel social stimulus animal (social investigation) in both adult male and female offspring, although this effect depended on maternal CORT. These findings underscore that preadolescent exposure to OT can reverse some of the long-lasting effects of postpartum maternal CORT and FLX treatments in the adult offspring. In addition, we found that maternal treatments that reduce (CORT) or increase (FLX) hippocampal inflammation in dams resulted in opposing patterns of hippocampal inflammation in adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wansu Qiu
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kimberly A Go
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yanhua Wen
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Rand S Eid
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Liisa A M Galea
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Canada; Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Canada.
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17
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Macht V, Vetreno R, Elchert N, Crews F. Galantamine prevents and reverses neuroimmune induction and loss of adult hippocampal neurogenesis following adolescent alcohol exposure. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:212. [PMID: 34530858 PMCID: PMC8447570 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge ethanol exposure during adolescence reduces hippocampal neurogenesis, a reduction which persists throughout adulthood despite abstinence. This loss of neurogenesis, indicated by reduced doublecortin+ immunoreactivity (DCX+IR), is paralleled by an increase in hippocampal proinflammatory signaling cascades. As galantamine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, has anti-inflammatory actions, we tested the hypothesis that galantamine would prevent (study 1) or restore (study 2) AIE induction of proinflammatory signals within the hippocampus as well as AIE-induced loss of hippocampal neurogenesis. METHODS Galantamine (4 mg/kg) or vehicle (saline) was administered to Wistar rats during adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE; 5.0 g/kg ethanol, 2 days on/2 days off, postnatal day [P] 25-54) (study 1, prevention) or after AIE during abstinent maturation to adulthood (study 2, restoration). RESULTS Results indicate AIE reduced DCX+IR and induced cleaved caspase3 (Casp3) in DCX-expressing immature neurons. Excitingly, AIE induction of activated Casp3 in DCX-expressing neurons is both prevented and reversed by galantamine treatment, which also resulted in prevention and restoration of neurogenesis (DCX+IR). Similarly, galantamine prevented and/or reversed AIE induction of proinflammatory markers, including the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, suggesting that AIE induction of proinflammatory signaling mediates both cell death cascades and hippocampal neurogenesis. Interestingly, galantamine treatment increased Ki67+IR generally as well as increased pan-Trk expression specifically in AIE-treated rats but failed to reverse AIE induction of NADPH-oxidase (gp91phox). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our studies suggest that (1) loss of neurogenesis after AIE is mediated by persistent induction of proinflammatory cascades which drive activation of cell death machinery in immature neurons, and (2) galantamine can prevent and restore AIE disruptions in the hippocampal environmental milieu to then prevent and restore AIE-mediated loss of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Macht
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Ryan Vetreno
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Natalie Elchert
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Fulton Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 104 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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18
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Ruan JR, Yang K, Song XG, Wu SB, Zhu CF, Cai SC, Zhou MQ. [Effect of moxibustion on learning-memory ability and expression of hippocampal inflammatory factors and microtubule associated proteins in vascular dementia rats]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2021; 45:781-8. [PMID: 33788442 DOI: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.191026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of moxibustion on learning-memory ability and expression of hippocampal inflammatory factors and microtubule-associated protein doublecortin (DCX, a marker of neuronal regeneration) in vascular dementia (VD) rats, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of VD. METHODS SD rats were randomly divided into normal control, sham operation, VD model, moxibustion and medication groups (n=15 rats in each group). The VD model was established by repeated occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries and reperfusion. Moxibustion was applied to "Guanyuan" (CV4), "Mingmen" (GV4) and "Dazhui"(GV14) for 15 min, once a day, 6 days a week for 4 weeks. Rats of the medication group were treated by gavage of Nimodipine (2mg·kg-1·d-1) 3 times daily for 4 weeks. Morris water maze test was used to detect the average escape latency of location navigation tasks for assessing the rats' learning-memory ability. H.E. staining was used to detect histopathological changes of the hippocampus tissue. The number of DCX-positive neurons (DCX/NeuN co-expression) in the dentate gyrus (DG) region of hippocampus was counted under microscope after immunofluorescence double staining, the immunoactivity of hippocampal DCX detected by using immunohistochemistry stain and the expression of DCX, TNF-α, IL-1β, MPO, NF-κB p65 and IL-6 proteins in the hippocampus tissue detected using Western blot. RESULTS Following modeling, the average escape latency was significantly longer in the model group than in the normal control and sham operation groups (P<0.01), and notably shorter in both the moxibustion and medication groups than in the model group after the treatment (P<0.01, P<0.05). The number of DCX-positive neurons, and the expression levels of DCX, TNF-α, IL-1β, MPO, NF-κB p65 and IL-6 proteins in the hippocampus were significantly increased in the model group in comparison with the normal control and sham operation groups (P<0.01, P<0.05). After the interventions and in comparison with the model group, the number of DCX-positive neurons and the expression level of DCX were further up-regulated in both moxibustion and medication groups (P<0.01), while the expression levels of hippocampal TNF-α, IL-1β, MPO, NF-κB p65 and IL-6 proteins were considerably down-regulated in the moxibustion and medication groups (P<0.01). The effect of moxibustion was weaker than that of medication in down-regulating the expression of TNF-α,MPO, NF-κB p65, IL-6 and IL-1β, and in up-regulating DCX-positive neuron number and DCX expression (P<0.05, P<0.01). H.E. staining showed loose arrangement of neurons (with vague neuronal membrane in some cells), uneven organelle chromatin, disappearance of partial nucleolus, necrocytosis, and infiltration of small number of lymphocytes after modeling, which was relatively milder in both moxibustion and medication groups. CONCLUSION Moxibustion can improve learning-memory ability in VD rats, which may be related to its effect in down-regulating the expression of inflammatory factors and up-regulating the expression of DCX to promote neuronal repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ru Ruan
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Geriatric, Anhui Acupuncture Hospital, Hefei 230061
| | - Xiao-Ge Song
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Sheng-Bing Wu
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Cai-Feng Zhu
- Department of Geriatric, Anhui Acupuncture Hospital, Hefei 230061
| | - Sheng-Chao Cai
- Department of Geriatric, Anhui Acupuncture Hospital, Hefei 230061
| | - Mei-Qi Zhou
- Bozhou Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Bozhou 236800, Anhui Province
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19
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Choi MR, Han JS, Jin YB, Lee SR, Choi IY, Lee H, Cho H, Kim DJ. Differential expression of microRNAs in the hippocampi of male and female rodents after chronic alcohol administration. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:65. [PMID: 33228793 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women are more vulnerable than men to the neurotoxicity and severe brain damage caused by chronic heavy alcohol use. In addition, brain damage due to chronic heavy alcohol use may be associated with sex-dependent epigenetic modifications. This study aimed to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes that are differentially expressed in the hippocampi of male and female animal models in response to alcohol. Methods After chronic alcohol administration (3~3.5 g/kg/day) in male (control, n = 10; alcohol, n = 12) or female (control, n = 10; alcohol, n = 12) Sprague-Dawley rats for 6 weeks, we measured body weights and doublecortin (DCX; a neurogenesis marker) concentrations and analyzed up- or downregulated miRNAs using GeneChip miRNA 4.0 arrays. The differentially expressed miRNAs and their putative target genes were validated by RT-qPCR. Results Alcohol attenuated body weight gain only in the male group. On the other hand, alcohol led to increased serum AST in female rats and decreased serum total cholesterol concentrations in male rats. The expression of DCX was significantly reduced in the hippocampi of male alcohol-treated rats. Nine miRNAs were significantly up- or downregulated in male alcohol-treated rats, including upregulation of miR-125a-3p, let-7a-5p, and miR-3541, and downregulation of their target genes (Prdm5, Suv39h1, Ptprz1, Mapk9, Ing4, Wt1, Nkx3-1, Dab2ip, Rnf152, Ripk1, Lin28a, Apbb3, Nras, and Acvr1c). On the other hand, 7 miRNAs were significantly up- or downregulated in alcohol-treated female rats, including downregulation of miR-881-3p and miR-504 and upregulation of their target genes (Naa50, Clock, Cbfb, Arih1, Ube2g1, and Gng7). Conclusions These results suggest that chronic heavy alcohol use produces sex-dependent effects on neurogenesis and miRNA expression in the hippocampus and that sex differences should be considered when developing miRNA biomarkers to diagnose or treat alcoholics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13293-020-00342-3.
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Luhach K, Kulkarni GT, Singh VP, Sharma B. Attenuation of neurobehavioural abnormalities by papaverine in prenatal valproic acid rat model of ASD. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 890:173663. [PMID: 33127361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with complex aetiology and phenotypes. Phosphodiesterase-10A (PDE10A) inhibition has shown to provide benefits in various brain conditions. We investigated the role of a PDE10A inhibitor, papaverine on core phenotypes in prenatal-valproic acid (Pre-VPA) model of ASD. In order to identify probable mechanisms involved, the effects on several protein markers of neuronal function such as, neurogenesis-DCX, neuronal survival-BDNF, synaptic transmission-synapsin-IIa, neuronal transcription factor-pCREB, neuronal inflammation (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) and neuronal oxidative stress (TBARS and GSH) were studied in frontal cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus and striatum. Pre-VPA induced impairments in social behaviour, presence of repetitive behaviour, hyper-locomotion, anxiety, and diminished nociception were studied in male Albino Wistar rats. Administration of papaverine to Pre-VPA animals resulted in improvements of social behaviour, corrected repetitive behaviour, anxiety, locomotor, and nociceptive changes. Also, papaverine resulted in a significant increase in the levels of BDNF, synapsin-IIa, DCX, pCREB, IL-10 and GSH along with significant decrease in TNF-α, IL-6 and TBARS in different brain areas of Pre-VPA group. Finally, high association between behavioural parameters and biochemical parameters was observed upon Pearson's correlation analysis. Papaverine, administration rectified core behavioural phenotype of ASD, possibly by altering protein markers associated with neuronal survival, neurogenesis, neuronal transcription factor, neuronal transmission, neuronal inflammation, and neuronal oxidative stress. Implicating PDE10A as a possible target for furthering our understanding of ASD phenotypes.
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De Guzman RM, Medina J, Saulsbery AI, Workman JL. Rotated nursing environment with underfeeding: A form of early-life adversity with sex- and age-dependent effects on coping behavior and hippocampal neurogenesis. Physiol Behav 2020; 225:113106. [PMID: 32717197 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how a unique form of early-life adversity (ELA), caused by rotated nursing environment to induce underfeeding, alters anxiety-like and stress-coping behaviors in male and female Sprague Dawley rats in adolescence and adulthood. Adult female rats underwent either thelectomy (thel; surgical removal of teats), sham surgery, or no surgery (control) before mating. Following parturition, litters were rotated between sham and thel rats every 12 h to generate a group of rats that experienced ELA (rotated housing, rotated mother, and 50% food restriction) from postnatal day 0 to 26. Control litters remained with their natal, nursing dams. Regardless of age and sex, ELA reduced activity in the periphery of the open field. ELA increased immobility in the forced swim test, particularly in adults. We used doublecortin immunohistochemistry to identify immature neurons in the hippocampus. ELA increased the number and density of immature neurons in the dentate gyrus of adolescent males (but not females) and reduced the density of immature neurons in adult males (but not females). This research indicates that a unique form of ELA alters stress-related passive coping and hippocampal neurogenesis in an age- and sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M De Guzman
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave. Albany, NY 12222 United States
| | - Joanna Medina
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave. Albany, NY 12222 United States
| | - Angela I Saulsbery
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave. Albany, NY 12222 United States
| | - Joanna L Workman
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave. Albany, NY 12222 United States; Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave. Albany, NY 12222, United States.
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Manohar S, Adler HJ, Chen GD, Salvi R. Blast-induced hearing loss suppresses hippocampal neurogenesis and disrupts long term spatial memory. Hear Res 2020; 395:108022. [PMID: 32663733 PMCID: PMC9063718 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.108022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic information transduced by cochlear hair cells is continuously relayed from the auditory pathway to other sensory, motor, emotional and cognitive centers in the central nervous system. Human epidemiological studies have suggested that hearing loss is a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline, but the mechanisms contributing to these memory and cognitive impairments are poorly understood. To explore these issues in a controlled experimental setting, we exposed adult rats to a series of intense blast wave exposures that significantly reduced the neural output of the cochlea. Several weeks later, we used the Morris Water Maze test, a hippocampal-dependent memory task, to assess the ability of Blast Wave and Control rats to learn a spatial navigation task (memory acquisition) and to remember what they had learned (spatial memory retention) several weeks earlier. The elevated plus maze and open field arena were used to test for anxiety-like behaviors. Afterwards, hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis were evaluated using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), doublecortin (DCX), and Neuronal Nuclei (NeuN) immunolabeling. The Blast Wave and Control rats learned the spatial navigation task equally well and showed no differences on tests of anxiety. However, the Blast Wave rats performed significantly worse on the spatial memory retention task, i.e., remembering where they had been two weeks earlier. Deficits on the spatial memory retention task were associated with significant decreases in hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Our blast wave results are consistent with other experimental manipulations that link spatial memory retention deficits (long term memory) with decreased cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. These results add to the growing body of knowledge linking blast-induced cochlear hearing loss with the cognitive deficits often seen in combat personnel and provide mechanistic insights into these extra auditory disorders that could lead to therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilvelan Manohar
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Henry J Adler
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Guang-Di Chen
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Richard Salvi
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
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Shrestha A, Sultana R, Adeniyi PA, Lee CC, Ogundele OM. Positive Modulation of SK Channel Impedes Neuron-Specific Cytoskeletal Organization and Maturation. Dev Neurosci 2020; 42:59-71. [PMID: 32580196 PMCID: PMC7486235 DOI: 10.1159/000507989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) modulates the structural plasticity of dendritic spines by impacting cytoskeletal organization and kinase signaling. In the developing nervous system, activation of NMDAR is pertinent for neuronal migration, neurite differentiation, and cellular organization. Given that small conductance potassium channels (SK2/3) repress NMDAR ionotropic signaling, this study highlights the impact of neonatal SK channel potentiation on adult cortical and hippocampal organization. Neonatal SK channel potentiation was performed by one injection of SK2/3 agonist (CyPPA) into the pallium of mice on postnatal day 2 (P2). When the animals reached adulthood (P55), the hippocampus and cortex were examined to assess neuronal maturation, lamination, and the distribution of synaptic cytoskeletal proteins. Immunodetection of neuronal markers in the brain of P2-treated P55 mice revealed the presence of immature neurons in the upper cortical layers (layers II-IV) and CA1 (hippocampus). Also, layer-dependent cortical-cell density was attenuated due to the ectopic localization of mature (NeuN+) and immature (Doublecortin+ [DCX+]) neurons in cortical layers II-IV. Similarly, the decreased count of NeuN+ neurons in the CA1 is accompanied by an increase in the number of immature DCX+ neurons. Ectopic localization of neurons in the upper cortex and CA1 caused the dramatic expression of neuron-specific cytoskeletal proteins. In line with this, structural deformity of neuronal projections and the loss of postsynaptic densities suggests that postsynaptic integrity is compromised in the SK2/3+ brain. From these results, we deduced that SK channel activity in the developing brain likely impacts neuronal maturation through its effects on cytoskeletal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Shrestha
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Razia Sultana
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Philip A Adeniyi
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Charles C Lee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Olalekan M Ogundele
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA,
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Duarte-Guterman P, Lieblich SE, Qiu W, Splinter JEJ, Go KA, Casanueva-Reimon L, Galea LAM. Oxytocin has sex-specific effects on social behaviour and hypothalamic oxytocin immunoreactive cells but not hippocampal neurogenesis in adult rats. Horm Behav 2020; 122:104734. [PMID: 32169583 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin regulates social behaviours, pair bonding and hippocampal neurogenesis but most studies have used adult males. Our study investigated the effects of oxytocin on social investigation and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in male and female rats. Oxytocin has poor penetration of the blood-brain barrier, therefore we tested a nanoparticle drug, TRIOZAN™ (Ovensa Inc.), which permits greater blood-brain-barrier penetration. Adult male and female rats were injected daily (i.p.) for 10 days with either: oxytocin in PBS (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg), oxytocin in TRIOZAN™ (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg), or vehicle (PBS) and tested for social investigation. Oxytocin decreased body mass and increased social investigation and number of oxytocin-immunoreactive cells in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus in male rats only. In both sexes, oxytocin decreased the number of immature neurons (doublecortin+ cells) in the ventral hippocampus and reduced plasma 17β-estradiol levels in a dose- and delivery-dependent way. Oxytocin in TRIOZAN™ reduced "sedation" observed post-injection and increased certain central effects (oxytocin levels in the hypothalamus and neurogenesis in the ventral hippocampus) relative to oxytocin in PBS, indicating that the nanoparticle may be used as an alternative brain delivery system. We showed that oxytocin has sex-specific effects on social investigation, body mass, "sedation", and the oxytocin system. In contrast, similar effects were observed in both sexes in neurogenesis and plasma 17β-estradiol. Our work suggests that sex differences in oxytocin regulation of brain endpoints is region-specific (hypothalamus versus hippocampus) and that oxytocin does not promote social investigation in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Duarte-Guterman
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie E Lieblich
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wansu Qiu
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jared E J Splinter
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kimberly A Go
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura Casanueva-Reimon
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Liisa A M Galea
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Bulin SE, Simmons SJ, Richardson DR, Latchney SE, Deutsch HM, Yun S, Eisch AJ. Indices of dentate gyrus neurogenesis are unaffected immediately after or following withdrawal from morphine self-administration compared to saline self-administering control male rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 381:112448. [PMID: 31870778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Opiates - including morphine - are powerful analgesics with high abuse potential. In rodents, chronic opiate exposure or self-administration negatively impacts hippocampal-dependent function, an effect perhaps due in part to the well-documented opiate-induced inhibition of dentate gyrus (DG) precursor proliferation and neurogenesis. Recently, however, intravenous (i.v.) morphine self-administration (MSA) was reported to enhance the survival of new rat DG neurons. To reconcile these disparate results, we used rat i.v. MSA to assess 1) whether a slightly-higher dose MSA paradigm also increases new DG neuron survival; 2) how MSA influences cells in different stages of DG neurogenesis, particularly maturation and survival; and 3) if MSA-induced changes in DG neurogenesis persist through a period of abstinence. To label basal levels of proliferation, rats received the S-phase marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, i.p.) 24 -h prior to 21 days (D) of i.v. MSA or saline self-administration (SSA). Either immediately after SA (0-D) or after 4 weeks in the home cage (28-D withdrawal), stereology was used to quantify DG proliferating precursors (or cells in cell cycle; Ki67+ cells), neuroblast/immature neurons (DCX+ cells), and surviving DG granule cells (BrdU+ cells). Analysis revealed the number of DG cells immunopositive for these neurogenesis-relevant markers was similar between MSA and SSA rats at the 0-D or 28-D timepoints. These negative data highlight the impact experimental parameters, timepoint selection, and quantification approach have on neurogenesis results, and are discussed in the context of the large literature showing the negative impact of opiates on DG neurogenesis.
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González-Maciel A, Romero-Velázquez RM, Alfaro-Rodríguez A, Sanchez Aparicio P, Reynoso-Robles R. Prenatal exposure to oxcarbazepine increases hippocampal apoptosis in rat offspring. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 103:101729. [PMID: 31794794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed apoptosis in the offspring of rats exposed to oxcarbazepine (OXC) from day 7 to 15 of gestation. Three groups of pregnant Wistar rats were used: 1) Control, treated with saline solution; 2) treated with 100 mg/kg OXC; 3) treated with 100 mg/kg of carbamazepine (CBZ, as a positive control for apoptosis); the route of administration was intragastric. Apoptosis was detected at three postnatal ages using the TUNEL technique in the CA1, and CA3 regions of the hippocampus and in the dentate gyrus (DG); neurogenesis was assessed in the DG using an antibody against doublecortin. The litter characteristics were recorded. OXC increased apoptosis in all regions (p < 0.01) at the three ages evaluated. Lamination disruption occurred in CA1 and CA3 due to the neuron absence and to ectopic neurons; there were also malformations in the dorsal lamina of the DG in 38% and 25% of the pups born from rats treated with OXC and CBZ respectively. CBZ also increased apoptosis. No clear effect on neurogenesis in the DG was observed. The size of the litter was smaller (p < 0.01) in the experimental groups. Nineteen-day OXC fetuses had low weight (p < 0.01), but 21 and 30 postnatal days old CBZ and OXC pups were overweight (p < 0.01). The results demonstrate that OXC administered during gestation is pro-apoptotic, alters the cytoarchitecture of the hippocampus, reduces litter size, and probably influences postnatal weight. We provide evidence of the proapoptotic effect of CBZ when administered early in gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A González-Maciel
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Insurgentes Sur No. 3700-C, Mexico City, C. P. 04530, Mexico.
| | - R M Romero-Velázquez
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Insurgentes Sur No. 3700-C, Mexico City, C. P. 04530, Mexico.
| | - A Alfaro-Rodríguez
- Division of Neurosciences, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Secretaría de Salud, Col. Arenal de Guadalupe, Mexico City, C.P. 14389, Mexico.
| | - P Sanchez Aparicio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Mexico
| | - R Reynoso-Robles
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Morphology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Secretaría de Salud, Insurgentes Sur No. 3700-C, Mexico City, C. P. 04530, Mexico.
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Lévy F, Batailler M, Meurisse M, Keller M, Cornilleau F, Moussu C, Poissenot K, Migaud M. Differential effects of oxytocin on olfactory, hippocampal and hypothalamic neurogenesis in adult sheep. Neurosci Lett 2019; 713:134520. [PMID: 31562884 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
New neurons are continuously added in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the olfactory bulb and the hypothalamus of mammalian brain. In sheep, while the control of adult neurogenesis by the social environment or the photoperiod has been the subject of several studies, its regulation by intrinsic factors, like hormones or neurotransmitters is less documented. We addressed this question by investigating the effects of central oxytocin administration on hippocampal, olfactory and hypothalamic neurogenesis. Endogenous markers, Ki67, Sox2 and DCX were used to assess cell proliferation, progenitor cells density and cell survival respectively in non-gestant ewes receiving a steroid treatment followed by intracerebroventricular injections of either oxytocin or saline. The results showed that oxytocin treatment significantly decreases the density of neuroblasts in the olfactory bulb, increases the density of neuroblasts in the ventromedian nucleus of the hypothalamus while no change is observed in both ventral and dorsal dentate gyrus. In addition, no change in the density of progenitor cells is found in the three neurogenic niches. These findings show for the first time that in females, oxytocin can regulate adult neurogenesis by acting on neuroblasts but not on progenitor cells and that this regulation is region specific.
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Webler RD, Fulton S, Perera TD, Coplan JD. Maturational phase of hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive flexibility. Neurosci Lett 2019; 711:134414. [PMID: 31430544 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pattern separation aids cognitive flexibility by reducing interference between closely related memories. Dentate gyrus (DG) neurogenesis may facilitate pattern separation by blocking memory retrieval via inhibition of non-neurogenic downstream CA3 neurons. We hypothesized that immature adult-born DG neurons would be associated with decreased CA3 activation and increased cognitive flexibility. METHOD Two groups of adult male rats were tested either on the place avoidance task (PAT) (unflipped condition) or a subtly altered-PAT (flipped condition). Four weeks prior, the rats were injected with the mitotic marker BrdU. Immature new neurons were detected by the microtubule protein doublecortin (DCX). Cells that took up BrdU and expressed NeuN were identified as relatively more mature neurons. Synaptic activation was determined by c-Fos expression. Adaptation to the flipped versus unflipped condition reflected a measure of cognitive flexibility. RESULTS CA3 but not DG c-Fos was lower in the flipped versus unflipped condition [p = 0.002]. CA3 c-Fos correlated inversely with flipped task performance and immature (DCX) neurons with primary and secondary but not tertiary dendrites or more mature (BrdU + NeuN) new neurons. CA3 c-Fos was a significant predictor for the flipped versus unflipped condition specifically for DCX versus BrdU-NeuN neurons. CONCLUSION Immature new neurons (DCX+) without tertiary dendrites may be preferentially implicated in cognitive flexibility relative to more mature new neurons (BrdU-NeuN). In combination with decreased CA3 activation in the flipped PAT, the functional contribution of these immature DG neurons may involve the inhibition of postsynaptic CA3 neurons containing traces of previously salient conditioned memories.
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Chaiton JA, Wong SJ, Galea LA. Chronic aromatase inhibition increases ventral hippocampal neurogenesis in middle-aged female mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 106:111-6. [PMID: 30974324 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Letrozole, a third-generation aromatase inhibitor, prevents the production of estrogens in the final step in conversion from androgens. Due to its efficacy at suppressing estrogens, letrozole has recently taken favor as a first-line adjuvant treatment for hormone-responsive breast cancer in middle-aged women. Though patient response to letrozole has generally been positive, there is conflicting evidence surrounding its effects on the development of depression. It is possible that the potential adverse effects of letrozole on mood are a result of the impact of hormonal fluctuations on neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Thus, to clarify the effects of letrozole on the hippocampus and behavior, we examined how chronic administration affects hippocampal neurogenesis and depressive-like behavior in middle-aged, intact female mice. Mice were given either letrozole (1 mg/kg) or vehicle by injection (i.p.) daily for 3 weeks. Depressive-like behavior was assessed during the last 3 days of treatment using the forced swim test, tail suspension test, and sucrose preference test. The production of new neurons was quantified using the immature neuronal marker doublecortin (DCX), and cell proliferation was quantified using the endogenous marker Ki67. We found that letrozole increased DCX and Ki67 expression and maturation in the dentate gyrus, but had no significant effect on depressive-like behavior. Our findings suggest that a reduction in estrogens in middle-aged females increases hippocampal neurogenesis without any adverse impact on depressive-like behavior; as such, this furthers our understanding of how estrogens modulate neurogenesis, and to the rationale for the utilization of letrozole in the clinical management of breast cancer.
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Liu X, Ma L, Wang Z, Ye J, Liu X, Jiang G, Wang H. Expression and clinical significance of doublecortin (DCX) in pituitary adenoma. Bull Cancer 2019; 106:1080-1085. [PMID: 31376915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To date, no studies have investigated the expression of Doublecortin (DCX) in pituitary adenomas or evaluated the clinical value of DCX in the diagnosis of pituitary adenomas. This study aims to determine the expression levels of DCX in pituitary adenomas and to investigate its role in the staging of this condition. METHODS Forty-six patients with pituitary adenomas were recruited. The expression of DCX in tumor sections from pituitary adenomas was determined using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Tumors were classified as either invasive or non-invasive on the basis of clinical stage and using the Knosp grading system. Differences in the expression of DCX and its association with clinical characteristics were investigated. The potential of the measurement of DCX levels for distinguishing between invasive and non-invasive tumors was estimated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Expression of DCX were correlated with Knosp grade. No significant association was observed between DCX level and the clinical stage of the tumors. The expression of DCX was higher in tumors with Knosp 3 and lowest in Knosp 1, at both the mRNA and protein levels. Using DCX as a biomarker for the prediction of tumor invasiveness in pituitary adenoma patients, the area under the ROC curve was 0.829 (95% confidence interval, 0.6-28.1), which is higher than that obtained using Knosp grade. CONCLUSIONS The expression of DCX is related to the Knosp grade of pituitary adenoma. DCX levels can be used as a biomarker for tumor invasiveness prediction in pituitary adenoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Liu
- Neurosurgery Department, Dongguan people's hospital of Guangdong province, 523000 Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Liya Ma
- Ultrasonic Department, Dongguan people's hospital of Guangdong province, 523000 Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Neurosurgery Department, Dongguan people's hospital of Guangdong province, 523000 Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawen Ye
- Neurosurgery Department, Dongguan people's hospital of Guangdong province, 523000 Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xichuan Liu
- Neurosurgery Department, Dongguan people's hospital of Guangdong province, 523000 Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Gengsi Jiang
- Neurosurgery Department, Dongguan people's hospital of Guangdong province, 523000 Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Neurosurgery Department, Dongguan people's hospital of Guangdong province, 523000 Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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Martineau FS, Fournier L, Buhler E, Watrin F, Sargolini F, Manent JB, Poucet B, Represa A. Spared cognitive and behavioral functions prior to epilepsy onset in a rat model of subcortical band heterotopia. Brain Res 2019; 1711:146-155. [PMID: 30689978 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH), also known as doublecortex syndrome, is a malformation of cortical development resulting from mutations in the doublecortin gene (DCX). It is characterized by a lack of migration of cortical neurons that accumulate in the white matter forming a heterotopic band. Patients with SBH may present mild to moderate intellectual disability as well as epilepsy. The SBH condition can be modeled in rats by in utero knockdown (KD) of Dcx. The affected cells form an SBH reminiscent of that observed in human patients and the animals develop a chronic epileptic condition in adulthood. Here, we investigated if the presence of a SBH is sufficient to induce cognitive impairment in juvenile Dcx-KD rats, before the onset of epilepsy. Using a wide range of behavioral tests, we found that the presence of SBH did not appear to affect motor control or somatosensory processing. In addition, cognitive abilities such as learning, short-term and long-term memory, were normal in pre-epileptic Dcx-KD rats. We suggest that the SBH presence is not sufficient to impair these behavioral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauriane Fournier
- INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, Marseille 13273 CEDEX 09, France
| | - Emmanuelle Buhler
- INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, Marseille 13273 CEDEX 09, France
| | - Françoise Watrin
- INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, Marseille 13273 CEDEX 09, France
| | - Francesca Sargolini
- LNC - Fédération de recherche 3C, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR7291, Marseille 13331 CEDEX 03, France
| | - Jean-Bernard Manent
- INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, Marseille 13273 CEDEX 09, France
| | - Bruno Poucet
- LNC - Fédération de recherche 3C, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR7291, Marseille 13331 CEDEX 03, France
| | - Alfonso Represa
- INMED, Aix-Marseille University, INSERM U1249, Marseille 13273 CEDEX 09, France.
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Kandasamy M, Yesudhas A, Poornimai Abirami GP, Radhakrishnan RK, Roshan SA, Johnson E, Ravichandran VR, Biswas A, Shanmugaapriya S, Anusuyadevi M, Aigner L. Genetic reprogramming of somatic cells into neuroblasts through a co-induction of the doublecortin gene along the Yamanaka factors: A promising approach to model neuroregenerative disorders. Med Hypotheses 2019; 127:105-111. [PMID: 31088631 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cell (NSC) mediated adult neurogenesis represents the regenerative plasticity of the brain. The functionality of the neurogenic process appears to be operated by neuroblasts, the multipotent immature neuronal population of the adult brain. While neuroblasts have been realized to play a major role in synaptic remodeling and immunogenicity, neurodegenerative disorders have been characterized by failure in the terminal differentiation, maturation, integration and survival of newborn neuroblasts. Advancement in understanding the impaired neuroregenerative process along the neuropathological conditions has currently been limited by lack of an appropriate experimental model of neuroblasts. The genetic reprogramming of somatic cells into pluripotent state offers a potential strategy for the experimental modeling of brain disorders. Thus, the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) based direct reprogramming of somatic cells into neuroblasts would represent a potential tool to understand the regenerative biology of the adult brain. Therefore, this concise article discusses the significance of iPSCs, the functional roles of neuroblasts in the adult brain and provides a research hypothesis for the direct reprogramming of somatic cells into neuroblasts through the co-induction of a potential proneurogenic marker, the doublecortin (DCX) gene along with the Yamanaka factors. The proposed cellular model of adult neurogenesis may provide us with further insights into neuropathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders and will provide a potential experimental platform for diagnostic, drug discovery and regenerative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India; UGC-Faculty Recharge Programme (UGC-FRP), University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ajisha Yesudhas
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G P Poornimai Abirami
- School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Risna Kanjirassery Radhakrishnan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Syed Aasish Roshan
- Molecular Gerontology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Esther Johnson
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijaya Roobini Ravichandran
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abir Biswas
- Molecular Gerontology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Muthuswamy Anusuyadevi
- School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India; Molecular Gerontology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
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Nkomozepi P, Mazengenya P, Ihunwo AO. Quantitative analysis of age and life-history stage related changes in DCX expression in the male Japanese quail (Cortunix japonica) telencephalon. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 74:38-48. [PMID: 30890437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most avian neurogenesis studies focused on the song control system and little attention has been given to non-song birds such as the Japanese quail. However, the only few neurogenesis studies in quails mainly focused on the sex steroid sensitive areas of the brain such as the medial preoptic and lateral septal nuclei. Despite the important role the quail telencephalon plays in filial imprinting and passive avoidance learning, neurogenesis in this structure has been completely overlooked. The aim of this study was therefore to quantitatively determine how DCX expression in the Japanese quail telencephalon changes with post hatching age (3-12 weeks) and life history stage. In this study, DCX was used as a proxy for neuronal incorporation. Bipolar and multipolar DCX immunoreactive cells were observed in the entire telencephalon except for the entopallium and arcopallium. In addition, DCX expression in all the eight telencephalic areas quantified was strongly negatively correlated with post-hatching age. Furthermore, numbers of bipolar and multipolar DCX immunoreactive cells were higher in the juvenile compared to subadult and adult quails. In conclusion, neuronal incorporation in the quail telencephalon is widespread but it declines with post hatching age. In addition, the most dramatic decline in neuronal incorporation in the telencephalic areas quantified takes place just after the birds have attained sexual maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilani Nkomozepi
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; Department of Human Anatomy & Physiology, University of Johannesburg, Cnr Siemert and Beit Streets, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2094, South Africa
| | - Pedzisai Mazengenya
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Amadi O Ihunwo
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
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Moslehi M, Ng DCH, Bogoyevitch MA. Doublecortin X (DCX) serine 28 phosphorylation is a regulatory switch, modulating association of DCX with microtubules and actin filaments. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2019; 1866:638-649. [PMID: 30625347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Doublecortin X (DCX) plays essential roles in neuronal development via its regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics. This is mediated through direct interactions between its doublecortin (DC) domains (DC1 and DC2) with microtubules (MTs) and indirect association with actin filaments (F-ACT). While the regulatory role of the DCX C-terminus following DC2 (i.e. DCX residues 275-366) has been established, less is known of the possible contributions made by the DCX N-terminus preceding DC1 (i.e. DCX residues 1-44). Here, we assessed the influence of DCX Ser28 within the DCX N-terminus, on the association of DCX with MTs and F-ACT. We compared the cytoskeletal interactions of the DCX S28E phosphomimetic and DCX S28A phospho-resistant mutants and wild-type DCX. Immunoprecipitation and colocalisation analyses indicated increased association of DCX S28E with F-ACT but decreased interaction with MTs, and conversely enhanced DCX S28A association with MTs but decreased association with F-ACT. To evaluate the impact of DCX mutants on cytoskeletal filaments we performed fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) studies on SiR-tubulin and β-actin-mCherry and observed comparable tubulin and actin exchange rates in the presence of DCX WT and DCX S28A. However, we observed faster tubulin exchange rates but slower actin exchange rates in the presence of DCX S28E. Moreover, DCX S28E enhanced the association with the actin-binding protein spinophilin (Spn) suggesting the shift to favour association with both F-ACT and Spn in the presence of DCX S28E. Taken together, our results highlight a new role for DCX S28 as a regulatory switch for cytoskeletal organisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moslehi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Dominic C H Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Marie A Bogoyevitch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Moon HY, Javadi S, Stremlau M, Yoon KJ, Becker B, Kang SU, Zhao X, van Praag H. Conditioned media from AICAR-treated skeletal muscle cells increases neuronal differentiation of adult neural progenitor cells. Neuropharmacology 2018; 145:123-130. [PMID: 30391731 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exercise has profound benefits for brain function in animals and humans. In rodents, voluntary wheel running increases the production of new neurons and upregulates neurotrophin levels in the hippocampus, as well as improving synaptic plasticity, memory function and mood. The underlying cellular mechanisms, however, remain unresolved. Recent research indicates that peripheral organs such as skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue secrete factors during physical activity that may influence neuronal function. Here we used an in vitro cell assay and proteomic analysis to investigate the effects of proteins secreted from skeletal muscle cells on adult hippocampal neural progenitor cell (aNPC) differentiation. We also sought to identify the relevant molecules driving these effects. Specifically, we treated rat L6 skeletal muscle cells with the AMP-kinase (AMPK) agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR) or vehicle (distilled water). We then collected the conditioned media (CM) and fractionated it using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Treatment of aNPCs with a specific fraction of the AICAR-CM upregulated expression of doublecortin (DCX) and Tuj1, markers of immature neurons. Proteomic analysis of this fraction identified proteins known to be involved in energy metabolism, cell migration, adhesion and neurogenesis. Culturing differentiating aNPCs in the presence of one of the factors, glycolytic enzyme glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), or AICAR-CM, increased the proportion of neuronal (Tuj1+) and astrocytic, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP+) cells. Our study provides further evidence that proteins secreted from skeletal muscle cells may serve as a critical communication link to the brain through factors that enhance neural differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Youl Moon
- Neuroplasticity and Behavior Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA; Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sahar Javadi
- Waisman Center and Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Matthew Stremlau
- Neuroplasticity and Behavior Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kyeong Jin Yoon
- Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin Becker
- Neuroplasticity and Behavior Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Sung-Ung Kang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Waisman Center and Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Henriette van Praag
- Neuroplasticity and Behavior Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA; Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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Ruiz R, Roque A, Pineda E, Licona-Limón P, José Valdéz-Alarcón J, Lajud N. Early life stress accelerates age-induced effects on neurogenesis, depression, and metabolic risk. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 96:203-211. [PMID: 30048914 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) affects hippocampal neurogenesis, increases depressive-like behavior, and causes mild metabolic imbalance in early adulthood (2 months). However, whether these effects worsen in mid life remains unclear. To test whether age-dependent effects of ELS on hippocampal neurogenesis are related to deficient hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis feedback that causes increased comorbidity of depression and metabolic risk, we evaluated the effects of periodic maternal separation (MS180) in young (4-months-old) and middle-aged (10-months-old) adult rats. MS180 caused more severe depressive-like behavior in middle-aged adults than in young animals. There were no behavioral phenotypic differences between young MS180 and control middle-aged groups. MS180 similarly affected glucose tolerance, increased fasting corticosterone, insulin, and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) at both ages. However, middle-aged adult MS180 rats showed more severe age-induced obesity (>40% BW) than controls (>22% BW). MS180 differentially affected dorsal and ventral neurogenesis. In young adults, MS180 animals only showed a decrease in dorsal hippocampal neurogenesis as compared to their age-matched counterparts. In contrast, at 10 months of age, MS180 caused a similar decrease in both dorsal and ventral hippocampal neurogenesis as compared to age-matched controls, and a more severe decrease as compared to young animals. Taken together, our data indicate that MS180 animals show an early onset of age-induced alterations on depression and metabolic risk, and these effects relate to alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ruiz
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Roque
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Edel Pineda
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Paula Licona-Limón
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia - Benemérita y Centenaria Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Juan José Valdéz-Alarcón
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Naima Lajud
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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Liu JYW, Matarin M, Reeves C, McEvoy AW, Miserocchi A, Thompson P, Sisodiya SM, Thom M. Doublecortin-expressing cell types in temporal lobe epilepsy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:60. [PMID: 30005693 PMCID: PMC6045867 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0566-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin (DCX) is widely regarded as a marker of immature and migrating neurons during development. While DCX expression persists in adults, particularly in the temporal lobe and neurogenic regions, it is unknown how seizures influence its expression. The aim of the present study was to explore the distribution and characteristics of DCX-expressing cells in surgical and postmortem samples from 40 adult and paediatric patients, with epilepsy and with or without hippocampal sclerosis (HS), compared to post mortem controls. The hippocampus (pes and body), parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala, temporal pole and temporal cortex were examined with DCX immunohistochemistry using four commercially-available DCX antibodies, labelled cells were quantified in different regions of interest as well as their co-expression with cell type specific markers (CD68, Iba1, GFAP, GFAP∂, nestin, SOX2, CD34, OLIG2, PDGFRβ, NeuN) and cell cycle marker (MCM2). Histological findings were compared with clinical data, as well as gene expression data obtained from the temporal cortex of 83 temporal lobe epilepsy cases with HS. DCX immunohistochemistry identified immature (Nestin−/NeuN−) neurons in layer II of the temporal neocortex in patients with and without epilepsy. Their number declined significantly with age but was not associated with the presence of hippocampal sclerosis, seizure semiology or memory dysfunction. DCX+ cells were prominent in the paralaminar nuclei and periamygdalar cortex and these declined with age but were not significantly associated with epilepsy history. DCX expressing cells with ramified processes were prominent in all regions, particularly in the hippocampal subgranular zone, where significantly increased numbers were observed in epilepsy samples compared to controls. DCX ramified cells co-expressed Iba1, CD68 and PDGFRβ, and less frequently MCM2, OLIG2 and SOX2, but no co-localization was observed with CD34, nestin or GFAP/GFAP ∂. Gene expression data from neocortical samples in patients with TLE and HS supported ongoing DCX expression in adults. We conclude that DCX identifies a range of morphological cell types in temporal lobe epilepsy, including immature populations, glial and microglial cell types. Their clinical relevance and biological function requires further study but we show some evidence for alteration with age and in epilepsy.
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La Rosa C, Parolisi R, Palazzo O, Lévy F, Meurisse M, Bonfanti L. Clusters of DCX+ cells "trapped" in the subcortical white matter of early postnatal Cetartiodactyla (Tursiops truncatus, Stenella coeruloalba and Ovis aries). Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:3613-3632. [PMID: 29980931 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1708-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeletal protein doublecortin (DCX) is a marker for neuronal cells retaining high potential for structural plasticity, originating from both embryonic and adult neurogenic processes. Some of these cells have been described in the subcortical white matter of neonatal and postnatal mammals. In mice and humans it has been shown they are young neurons migrating through the white matter after birth, reaching the cortex in a sort of protracted neurogenesis. Here we show that DCX+ cells in the white matter of neonatal and young Cetartiodactyla (dolphin and sheep) form large clusters which are not newly generated (in sheep, and likely neither in dolphins) and do not reach the cortical layers, rather appearing "trapped" in the white matter tissue. No direct contact or continuity can be observed between the subventricular zone region and the DCX+ clusters, thus indicating their independence from any neurogenic source (in dolphins further confirmed by the recent demonstration that periventricular neurogenesis is inactive since birth). Cetartiodactyla include two orders of large-brained, relatively long-living mammals (cetaceans and artiodactyls) which were recognized as two separate monophyletic clades until recently, yet, despite the evident morphological distinctions, they are monophyletic in origin. The brain of Cetartiodactyla is characterized by an advanced stage of development at birth, a feature that might explain the occurrence of "static" cell clusters confined within their white matter. These results further confirm the existence of high heterogeneity in the occurrence, distribution and types of structural plasticity among mammals, supporting the emerging view that multiple populations of DCX+, non-newly generated cells can be abundant in large-brained, long-living species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara La Rosa
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Roberta Parolisi
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
| | - Ottavia Palazzo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
| | - Frederic Lévy
- UMR INRA, CNRS/Universitè F. Rabelais, IFCE Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Maryse Meurisse
- UMR INRA, CNRS/Universitè F. Rabelais, IFCE Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Luca Bonfanti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy. .,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
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Rogall R, Rabenstein M, Vay S, Bach A, Pikhovych A, Baermann J, Hoehn M, Couillard-Despres S, Fink GR, Schroeter M, Rueger MA. Bioluminescence imaging visualizes osteopontin-induced neurogenesis and neuroblast migration in the mouse brain after stroke. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:182. [PMID: 29973246 PMCID: PMC6032781 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteopontin (OPN), an acidic phosphoglycoprotein, is upregulated in the brain after cerebral ischemia. We previously reported that OPN supports migration, survival, and proliferation of neural stem cells (NSC) in primary cell culture, as well as their differentiation into neurons. We here analyzed the effects of OPN on neuroblasts in vivo in the context of cerebral ischemia. Methods Transgenic mice expressing luciferase under the control of the neuroblast-specific doublecortin (DCX)-promoter, allowing visualization of neuroblasts in vivo using bioluminescence imaging (BLI), were injected with OPN intracerebroventricularly while control mice were injected with vehicle buffer. To assess the effects of OPN after ischemia, additional mice were subjected to photothrombosis and injected with either OPN or vehicle. Results OPN enhanced the migration of neuroblasts both in the healthy brain and after ischemia, as quantified by BLI in vivo. Moreover, the number of neural progenitors was increased following OPN treatment, with the maximum effect on the second day after OPN injection into the healthy brain, and 14 days after OPN injection following ischemia. After ischemia, OPN quantitatively promoted the endogenous, ischemia-induced neuroblast expansion, and additionally recruited progenitors from the contralateral hemisphere. Conclusions Our results strongly suggest that OPN constitutes a promising substance for the targeted activation of neurogenesis in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rogall
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Monika Rabenstein
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine Vay
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Annika Bach
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anton Pikhovych
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Baermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mathias Hoehn
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sébastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gereon Rudolf Fink
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Michael Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Maria Adele Rueger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany. .,Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany.
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40
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Kiyota T, Machhi J, Lu Y, Dyavarshetty B, Nemati M, Yokoyama I, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor neuroprotective activities in Alzheimer's disease mice. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 319:80-92. [PMID: 29573847 PMCID: PMC5916331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on behavioral and pathological outcomes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non-transgenic mice. GM-CSF treatment in AD mice reduced brain amyloidosis, increased plasma Aβ, and rescued cognitive impairment with increased hippocampal expression of calbindin and synaptophysin and increased levels of doublecortin-positive cells in the dentate gyrus. These data extend GM-CSF pleiotropic neuroprotection mechanisms in AD and include regulatory T cell-mediated immunomodulation of microglial function, Aβ clearance, maintenance of synaptic integrity, and induction of neurogenesis. Together these data support further development of GM-CSF as a neuroprotective agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Kiyota
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yaman Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bhagyalaxmi Dyavarshetty
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Izumi Yokoyama
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - R L Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Fan YQ, Cui JC, Yang J, Wang P. [Effect of Moxibustion on Delayed Memory and Expression of Hippocampal Nestin and Doublecortin Proteins in Dementia Rats]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2018; 43:133-9. [PMID: 29560627 DOI: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.170552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of "Huayu Tongluo"(Blood-stasis Dispersing and Meridian-collateral Dredging) moxibustion on the delayed memory and expression of Nestin and Doublecortin (DCX) proteins in the hippocampus in vascular dementia (VD) rats in the view of neurogenesis produced by intracerebral transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). METHODS Healthy male Wistar rats were randomized into control group, VD model group,NSCs+EPCs group and NSCs+EPCs moxibustion group. The VD model was established by using a modified 2-vessels occlusion method, and neurogenesis was produced by transplantation of NSCs+EPCs (2×106cell/10 µL) into the lateral ventricle for rats of the NSCs+EPCs groups 3 days after successful VD-modeling. Moxibustion was applied to "Dazhui" (GV 14), "Baihui" (GV 20) and "Shenting" (GV 24) once daily for 21 days with an interval of one day between every two 7 days. The Morris Water Maze was used to test the rat's delayed memory ability before and 24 h after the treatment. The expression of Nestin and DCX proteins in the hippocampus tissues was detected using double-labeled immunofluorescence technique. RESULTS Following modeling, Morris Water Maze tests showed that the average escape latency of location navigation task was significantly prolonged in VD rats(P<0.008)and the times of target platform crossing (spatial probing task) within 120 s were remarkably reduced in VD rats (P<0.008). Compared with pre-treatment in the same one group, the escape latency of NSCs+EPCs and NSCs+EPCs moxibustion groups were considerably reduced (P<0.05), and the average times of target platform crossing of the NSCs+EPCs moxibustion group were markedly increased(P<0.05). The effect of NSCs+EPCs moxibustion was evidently superior to that of simple NSCs+EPCs in shortening the escape latency (P<0.008). The expression levels of Nestin protein were significantly higher in the NSCs+EPCs moxibustion group after 1 and 3 period treatment than those in the NSCs+EPCs group (P<0.05).. CONCLUSION Moxibustion intervention is able to improve the delayed memory in VD rats, which may be related to its effect in up-regulating the expression of hippocampal Nestin and DCX proteins within 15 days via accelerating neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Qiu Fan
- Graduate Faculty, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Jing-Cheng Cui
- Graduate Faculty, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Jun Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Pin Wang
- Clinical College of Acu-moxibustion and Orthopedics-traumatology, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
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Cipriani R, Chara JC, Rodríguez-Antigüedad A, Matute C. Effects of FTY720 on brain neurogenic niches in vitro and after kainic acid-induced injury. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:147. [PMID: 28738875 PMCID: PMC5525223 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background FTY720 (fingolimod, Gilenya™) is an oral, blood-brain barrier (BBB)-passing drug approved as immunomodulatory treatment for relapsing-remitting form of the multiple sclerosis (MS). In addition, FTY720 exerts several effects in the central nervous system (CNS), ranging from neuroprotection to reduction of neuroinflammation. However, the neurogenic and oligodendrogenic potential of FTY720 has been poorly investigated. In this study, we assessed the effect of FTY720 on the production of new neurons and oligodendrocytes from neural stem/precursor cells both in vitro and in vivo. Methods Neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from the young rat subventricular zone (SVZ) were exposed to FTY720 (10, 100 nM), and their differentiation into neurons and oligodendrocytes was measured using immunofluorescence for anti-β-III tubulin or CNPase (2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase) as markers of mature neurons or oligodendrocytes, respectively. In addition, intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of kainic acid (KA; 0.5 μg/2 μl) in Sprague-Dawley rats was used as an in vivo model of neuronal death and inflammation. FTY720 was applied icv (1 μg/2 μl), together with KA, plus intraperitoneally (ip; 1 mg/kg) 24 h before, and daily, until sacrifice 8 days after KA injection. To visualize cell proliferation in the hippocampus and in white matter regions, rats were administered 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) 100 mg/kg, ip injected every 2 days. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed on rat brain slices to measure the production of new neuronal precursors (doublecortin/DCX+ cells) and new oligodendrocytes precursors (proteoglycan/NG2+ cells). Results In this study, we observed that FTY720 increased postnatal NSCs differentiation into both neurons and oligodendrocytes in vitro. In turn, in adult animals, FTY720 enhanced the percentage of BrdU+ cells coexpressing DCX marker, both in basal (FTY720 alone) and in neurodegenerative (FTY720 + KA) conditions. However, FTY720 had only a partial effect on proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) population in vivo. Conclusions FTY720 promotes neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis in vitro under basal conditions. In addition, it increases the generation of neuroblasts and oligodendrocytes after excitotoxic brain injury. This suggests that FTY720 has the potential to activate the neurogenic niche and thus favour tissue repair after lesion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0922-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Cipriani
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red (CIBERNED), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), E-48940, Leioa, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Chara
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red (CIBERNED), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), E-48940, Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Matute
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red (CIBERNED), Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience and Departamento de Neurociencias, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), E-48940, Leioa, Spain
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Gobinath AR, Workman JL, Chow C, Lieblich SE, Galea LAM. Sex-dependent effects of maternal corticosterone and SSRI treatment on hippocampal neurogenesis across development. Biol Sex Differ 2017; 8:20. [PMID: 28580124 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-017-0142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Postpartum depression affects approximately 15% of mothers and represents a form of early life adversity for developing offspring. Postpartum depression can be treated with prescription antidepressants like fluoxetine (FLX). However, FLX can remain active in breast milk, raising concerns about the consequences of neonatal FLX exposure. The hippocampus is highly sensitive to developmental stress, and males and females respond differently to stress at many endpoints, including hippocampal plasticity. However, it is unclear how developmental exposure to FLX alters the trajectory of hippocampal development. The goal of this study was to examine the long-term effects of maternal postpartum corticosterone (CORT, a model of postpartum depression) and concurrent FLX on hippocampal neurogenesis in male and female offspring. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rat dams were treated daily with either CORT or oil and FLX or saline from postpartum days 2–23. Offspring were perfused on postnatal day 31 (pre-adolescent), postnatal day 42 (adolescent), and postnatal day 69 (adult). Tissue was processed for doublecortin (DCX), an endogenous marker of immature neurons, in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Results Maternal postpartum CORT reduced density of DCX-expressing cells in the dorsal hippocampus of pre-adolescent males and increased it in adolescent males, suggesting that postpartum CORT exposure disrupted the typical progression of the density of DCX-expressing cells. Further, among offspring of oil-treated dams, pre-adolescent males had greater density of DCX-expressing cells than pre-adolescent females, and maternal postpartum CORT prevented this sex difference. In pre-adolescent females, maternal postpartum FLX decreased the density of DCX-expressing cells in the dorsal hippocampus compared to saline. As expected, maternal CORT reduced the density of DCX-expressing cells in adult female, but not male, offspring. The combination of maternal postpartum CORT/FLX diminished density of DCX-expressing cells in dorsal hippocampus regardless of sex or age. Conclusions These findings reveal how modeling treatment of postpartum depression with FLX alters hippocampal neurogenesis in developing offspring differently depending on sex, predominantly in the dorsal dentate gyrus and earlier in life.
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Brozoski T, Brozoski D, Wisner K, Bauer C. Chronic tinnitus and unipolar brush cell alterations in the cerebellum and dorsal cochlear nucleus. Hear Res 2017; 350:139-151. [PMID: 28478300 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Animal model research has shown that the central features of tinnitus, the perception of sound without an acoustic correlate, include elevated spontaneous and stimulus-driven activity, enhanced burst-mode firing, decreased variance of inter-spike intervals, and distortion of tonotopic frequency representation. Less well documented are cell-specific correlates of tinnitus. Unipolar brush cell (UBC) alterations in animals with psychophysical evidence of tinnitus has recently been reported. UBCs are glutamatergic interneurons that appear to function as local-circuit signal amplifiers. UBCs are abundant in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) and very abundant in the flocculus (FL) and paraflocculus (PFL) of the cerebellum. In the present research, two indicators of UBC structure and function were examined: Doublecortin (DCX) and epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 8 (Eps8). DCX is a protein that binds to microtubules where it can modify their assembly and growth. Eps8 is a cell-surface tyrosine kinase receptor mediating the response to epidermal growth factor; it appears to have a role in actin polymerization as well as cytoskeletal protein interactions. Both functions could contribute to synaptic remodeling. In the present research UBC Eps8 and DCX immunoreactivity (IR) were determined in 4 groups of rats distinguished by their exposure to high-level sound and psychophysical performance: Unexposed, exposed to high-level sound with behavioral evidence of tinnitus, and two exposed groups without behavioral evidence of tinnitus. Compared to unexposed controls, exposed animals with tinnitus had Eps8 IR elevated in their PFL; other structures were not affected, nor was DCX IR affected. This was interpreted as UBC upregulation in animals with tinnitus. Exposure that failed to produce tinnitus did not increase either Eps8 or DCX IR. Rather Eps8 IR was decreased in the FL and DCN of one subgroup (Least-Tinnitus), while DCX IR decreased in the FL of the other subgroup (No-Tinnitus). Neuron degeneration was also documented in the cochlear nucleus and PFL of exposed animals, both with and without tinnitus. Degeneration was not found in unexposed animals. Implications for tinnitus neuropathy are discussed in the context of synaptic remodeling and cerebellar sensory modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brozoski
- Division of Otolaryngology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, United States.
| | - Daniel Brozoski
- Division of Otolaryngology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, United States
| | - Kurt Wisner
- Division of Otolaryngology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, United States
| | - Carol Bauer
- Division of Otolaryngology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794, United States
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Choubey L, Collette JC, Smith KM. Quantitative assessment of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 expression in neurons and glia. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3173. [PMID: 28439461 PMCID: PMC5398288 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) have numerous functions in the developing and adult central nervous system (CNS). For example, the FGFR1 receptor is important for proliferation and fate specification of radial glial cells in the cortex and hippocampus, oligodendrocyte proliferation and regeneration, midline glia morphology and soma translocation, Bergmann glia morphology, and cerebellar morphogenesis. In addition, FGFR1 signaling in astrocytes is required for postnatal maturation of interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV). FGFR1 is implicated in synapse formation in the hippocampus, and alterations in the expression of Fgfr1 and its ligand, Fgf2 accompany major depression. Understanding which cell types express Fgfr1 during development may elucidate its roles in normal development of the brain as well as illuminate possible causes of certain neuropsychiatric disorders. Methods Here, we used a BAC transgenic reporter line to trace Fgfr1 expression in the developing postnatal murine CNS. The specific transgenic line employed was created by the GENSAT project, tgFGFR1-EGFPGP338Gsat, and includes a gene encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the regulation of the Fgfr1 promoter, to trace Fgfr1 expression in the developing CNS. Unbiased stereological counts were performed for several cell types in the cortex and hippocampus. Results This model reveals that Fgfr1 is primarily expressed in glial cells, in both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, along with some neurons. Dual labeling experiments indicate that the proportion of GFP+ (Fgfr1+) cells that are also GFAP+ increases from postnatal day 7 (P7) to 1 month, illuminating dynamic changes in Fgfr1 expression during postnatal development of the cortex. In postnatal neurogenic areas, GFP expression was also observed in SOX2, doublecortin (DCX), and brain lipid-binding protein (BLBP) expressing cells. Fgfr1 is also highly expressed in DCX positive cells of the dentate gyrus (DG), but not in the rostral migratory stream. Fgfr1 driven GFP was also observed in tanycytes and GFAP+ cells of the hypothalamus, as well as in Bergmann glia and astrocytes of the cerebellum. Conclusions The tgFGFR1-EGFPGP338Gsat mouse model expresses GFP that is congruent with known functions of FGFR1, including hippocampal development, glial cell development, and stem cell proliferation. Understanding which cell types express Fgfr1 may elucidate its role in neuropsychiatric disorders and brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Choubey
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, United States of America
| | - Jantzen C Collette
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, United States of America
| | - Karen Müller Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, United States of America
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Keiner S, Niv F, Neumann S, Steinbach T, Schmeer C, Hornung K, Schlenker Y, Förster M, Witte OW, Redecker C. Effect of skilled reaching training and enriched environment on generation of oligodendrocytes in the adult sensorimotor cortex and corpus callosum. BMC Neurosci 2017; 18:31. [PMID: 28279169 PMCID: PMC5345235 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-017-0347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Increased motor activity or social interactions through enriched environment are strong stimulators of grey and white matter plasticity in the adult rodent brain. In the present study we evaluated whether specific reaching training of the dominant forelimb (RT) and stimulation of unspecific motor activity through enriched environment (EE) influence the generation of distinct oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the sensorimotor cortex and corpus callosum of the adult rat brain. Animals were placed in three different housing conditions: one group was transferred to an EE, a second group received daily RT, whereas a third group remained in the standard cage. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was applied at days 2–6 after start of experiments and animals were allowed to survive for 10 and 42 days. Results Enriched environment and daily reaching training of the dominant forelimb significantly increased the number of newly differentiated GSTπ+ oligodendrocytes at day 10 and newly differentiated CNPase+ oligodendrocytes in the sensorimotor cortex at day 42. The myelin level as measured by CNPase expression was increased in the frontal cortex at day 42. Distribution of newly differentiated NG2+ subpopulations changed between 10 and 42 days with an increase of GSTπ+ subtypes and a decrease of NG2+ cells in the sensorimotor cortex and corpus callosum. Analysis of neuronal marker doublecortin (DCX) showed that more than half of NG2+ cells express DCX in the cortex. The number of new DCX+NG2+ cells was reduced by EE at day 10. Conclusions Our results indicate for the first time that specific and unspecific motor training conditions differentially alter the process of differentiation from oligodendrocyte subpopulations, in particular NG2+DCX+ cells, in the sensorimotor cortex and corpus callosum. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12868-017-0347-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Keiner
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
| | - Fanny Niv
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Susanne Neumann
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Tanja Steinbach
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Schmeer
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Hornung
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Yvonne Schlenker
- Pneumology, Internal Medicine I, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Förster
- Pneumology, Internal Medicine I, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Redecker
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
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Fricke IB, Schelhaas S, Zinnhardt B, Viel T, Hermann S, Couillard-Després S, Jacobs AH. In vivo bioluminescence imaging of neurogenesis - the role of the blood brain barrier in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 45:975-986. [PMID: 28194885 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging in transgenic mice expressing firefly luciferase in Doublecortin+ (Dcx) neuroblasts might serve as a powerful tool to study the role of neurogenesis in models of brain injury and neurodegeneration using non-invasive, longitudinal in vivo imaging. Therefore, we aimed to use BLI in B6(Cg)-Tyrc-2J/J Dcx-Luc (Doublecortin-Luciferase, Dcx-Luc) mice to investigate its suitability to assess neurogenesis in a unilateral injection model of Parkinson's disease. We further aimed to assess the blood brain barrier leakage associated with the intranigral 6-OHDA injection to evaluate its impact on substrate delivery and bioluminescence signal intensity. Two weeks after lesion, we observed an increase in bioluminescence signal in the ipsilateral hippocampal region in both, 6-OHDA and vehicle injected Dcx-Luc mice. At the same time, no corresponding increase in Dcx+ neuroblast numbers could be observed in the dentate gyrus of C57Bl6 mice. Blood brain barrier leakage was observed in the hippocampal region and in the degenerating substantia nigra of C57Bl6 mice in vivo using T1 weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Gadovist® and ex vivo using Evans Blue Fluorescence Reflectance Imaging and mouse Immunoglobulin G staining. Our data suggests a BLI signal dependency on blood brain barrier permeability, underlining a major pitfall of substrate/tracer dependent imaging in invasive disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga B Fricke
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149, Münster, Germany.,Imaging Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases (INMiND) EU FP7 Consortium, Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Schelhaas
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Zinnhardt
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149, Münster, Germany.,Imaging Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases (INMiND) EU FP7 Consortium, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Viel
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149, Münster, Germany.,Imaging Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases (INMiND) EU FP7 Consortium, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Hermann
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sébastien Couillard-Després
- Imaging Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases (INMiND) EU FP7 Consortium, Münster, Germany.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas H Jacobs
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, D-48149, Münster, Germany.,Imaging Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases (INMiND) EU FP7 Consortium, Münster, Germany.,Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, Johanniter Hospital, Bonn, Germany
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Parolisi R, Cozzi B, Bonfanti L. Non-neurogenic SVZ-like niche in dolphins, mammals devoid of olfaction. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:2625-2639. [PMID: 28238073 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis has been implicated in brain plasticity and brain repair. In mammals, it is mostly restricted to specific brain regions and specific physiological functions. The function and evolutionary history of mammalian adult neurogenesis has been elusive so far. The largest neurogenic site in mammals (subventricular zone, SVZ) generates neurons destined to populate the olfactory bulb. The SVZ neurogenic activity appears to be related to the dependence of the species on olfaction since it occurs at high rates throughout life in animals strongly dependent on this function for their survival. Indeed, it dramatically decreases in humans, who do not depend so much on it. This study investigates whether the SVZ neurogenic site exists in mammals devoid of olfaction and olfactory brain structures, such as dolphins. Our results demonstate that a small SVZ-like region persists in these aquatic mammals. However, this region seems to have lost its neurogenic capabilities since neonatal stages. In addition, instead of the typical newly generated neuroblasts, some mature neurons were observed in the dolphin SVZ. Since cetaceans evolved from terrestrial ancestors, non-neurogenic SVZ may indicate extinction of adult neurogenesis in the absence of olfactory function, with the retention of an SVZ-like anatomical region either vestigial or of still unknown role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Parolisi
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Via Leonardo da Vinci, 44, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Bruno Cozzi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Luca Bonfanti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy. .,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Via Leonardo da Vinci, 44, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
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Vadodaria KC, Yanpallewar SU, Vadhvani M, Toshniwal D, Liles LC, Rommelfanger KS, Weinshenker D, Vaidya VA. Noradrenergic regulation of plasticity marker expression in the adult rodent piriform cortex. Neurosci Lett 2017; 644:76-82. [PMID: 28237805 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The adult rodent piriform cortex has been reported to harbor immature neurons that express markers associated with neurodevelopment and plasticity, namely polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) and doublecortin (DCX). We characterized the expression of PSA-NCAM and DCX across the rostrocaudal axis of the rat piriform cortex and observed higher numbers of PSA-NCAM and DCX positive cells in the posterior subdivision. As observed in the rat piriform cortex, Nestin-GFP reporter mice also revealed a similar gradient of GFP-positive cells with an increasing rostro-caudal gradient of expression. Given the extensive noradrenergic innervation of the piriform cortex and its role in regulating piriform cortex function and synaptic plasticity, we addressed the influence of norepinephrine (NE) on piriform cortex plasticity marker expression. Depletion of NE by treatment with the noradrenergic neurotoxin DSP-4 significantly increased the number of DCX and PSA-NCAM immunopositive cells in the piriform cortex of adult rats. Similarly, DSP-4 treated Nestin-GFP reporter mice revealed a robust induction of GFP-positive cells within the piriform cortex following NE depletion. Genetic loss of NE in dopamine β-hydroxylase knockout (Dbh -/-) mice phenocopied the effects of DSP-4, with an increase noted in PSA-NCAM and DCX positive cells in the piriform cortex. Further, chronic α2-adrenergic receptor stimulation with the agonist guanabenz increased PSA-NCAM and DCX positive cells in the piriform cortex of adult rats and GFP-positive cells in the piriform cortex of Nestin-GFP mice. By contrast, chronic α2-adrenergic receptor blockade with the antagonist yohimbine reduced PSA-NCAM and DCX positive cells in the piriform cortex of adult rats. Our results provide novel evidence for a role of NE in regulating the expression of plasticity markers, including PSA-NCAM, DCX, and nestin, within the adult mouse and rat piriform cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna C Vadodaria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India, India
| | - Sudhirkumar U Yanpallewar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India, India
| | - Mayur Vadhvani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India, India
| | - Devyani Toshniwal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India, India
| | - L Cameron Liles
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, USA
| | - Karen S Rommelfanger
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, USA
| | - Vidita A Vaidya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India, India.
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Adamczak J, Aswendt M, Kreutzer C, Rotheneichner P, Riou A, Selt M, Beyrau A, Uhlenküken U, Diedenhofen M, Nelles M, Aigner L, Couillard-Despres S, Hoehn M. Neurogenesis upregulation on the healthy hemisphere after stroke enhances compensation for age-dependent decrease of basal neurogenesis. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 99:47-57. [PMID: 28007584 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide with no treatment for the chronic phase available. Interestingly, an endogenous repair program comprising inflammation and neurogenesis is known to modulate stroke outcome. Several studies have shown that neurogenesis decreases with age but the therapeutic importance of endogenous neurogenesis for recovery from cerebral diseases has been indicated as its ablation leads to stroke aggravation and worsened outcome. A detailed characterization of the neurogenic response after stroke related to ageing would help to develop novel and targeted therapies. In an innovative approach, we used the DCX-Luc mouse, a transgenic model expressing luciferase in doublecortin-positive neuroblasts, to monitor the neurogenic response following middle cerebral artery occlusion over three weeks in three age groups (2, 6, 12months) by optical imaging while the stroke lesion was monitored by quantitative MRI. The individual longitudinal and noninvasive time profiles provided exclusive insight into age-dependent decrease in basal neurogenesis and neurogenic upregulation in response to stroke which are not accessible by conventional BrdU-based measures of cell proliferation. For cortico-striatal strokes the maximal upregulation occurred at 4days post stroke followed by a continuous decrease to basal levels by three weeks post stroke. Older animals effectively compensated for reduced basal neurogenesis by an enhanced sensitivity to the cerebral lesion, resulting in upregulated neurogenesis levels approaching those measured in young mice. In middle aged and older mice, but not in the youngest ones, additional upregulation of neurogenesis was observed in the contralateral healthy hemisphere. This further substantiates the increased propensity of older brains to respond to lesion situation. Our results clearly support the therapeutic relevance of endogenous neurogenesis for stroke recovery and particularly in older brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Adamczak
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Percuros B.V., Drienerlolaan 5-Zuidhorst, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Aswendt
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Kreutzer
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Austria
| | - Peter Rotheneichner
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Austria
| | - Adrien Riou
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marion Selt
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Beyrau
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulla Uhlenküken
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Diedenhofen
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Melanie Nelles
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Austria
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Austria
| | - Mathias Hoehn
- In-vivo-NMR Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleuelerstrasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Percuros B.V., Drienerlolaan 5-Zuidhorst, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands.
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