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Jayant G, Kuperberg S, Somnay K, Wadgaonkar R. The Role of Sphingolipids in Regulating Vascular Permeability in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1728. [PMID: 37371823 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease that causes scarring and fibrotic transformation of the lung parenchyma, resulting in the progressive loss of respiratory function and, often, death. Current treatments that target profibrotic factors can slow the rate of progression but are unable to ultimately stop it. In the past decade, many studies have shown that increased vascular permeability may be both a predictive and perpetuating factor in fibrogenesis. Consequently, there is a search for therapeutic targets to try and modulate vascular permeability in fibrotic lungs. One such class of targets that show great promise is sphingolipids. Sphingolipids are common in cell membranes and are increasingly recognized as critical to many cell signaling pathways, including those that affect the integrity of the vascular endothelial barrier. In this focused review we look at sphingolipids, particularly the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) axis and its effects on vascular permeability, and how those effects may affect the pathogenesis of IPF. We further examine existing S1P modulators and their potential efficacy as therapeutics for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girish Jayant
- SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | | | - Kaumudi Somnay
- NY Presbyterian Hospital Queens, New York, NY 11355, USA
| | - Raj Wadgaonkar
- SUNY Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
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2
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Restoration of atypical protein kinase C ζ function in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease ameliorates disease progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121267119. [PMID: 35867829 PMCID: PMC9335328 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121267119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) affects more than 500,000 individuals in the United States alone. In most cases, ADPKD is caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the PKD1 gene, which encodes polycystin-1 (PC1). Previous studies reported that PC1 interacts with atypical protein kinase C (aPKC). Here we show that PC1 binds to the ζ isoform of aPKC (PKCζ) and identify two PKCζ phosphorylation sites on PC1's C-terminal tail. PKCζ expression is down-regulated in patients with ADPKD and orthologous and nonorthologous PKD mouse models. We find that the US Food and Drug Administration-approved drug FTY720 restores PKCζ expression in in vitro and in vivo models of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and this correlates with ameliorated disease progression in multiple PKD mouse models. Importantly, we show that FTY720 treatment is less effective in PKCζ null versions of these PKD mouse models, elucidating a PKCζ-specific mechanism of action that includes inhibiting STAT3 activity and cyst-lining cell proliferation. Taken together, our results reveal that PKCζ down-regulation is a hallmark of PKD and that its stabilization by FTY720 may represent a therapeutic approach to the treat the disease.
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3
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Adam RJ, Williams AC, Kriegel AJ. Comparison of the Surgical Resection and Infarct 5/6 Nephrectomy Rat Models of Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F639-F654. [PMID: 35379002 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00398.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5/6 nephrectomy rat remnant kidney model is commonly employed to study chronic kidney disease (CKD). This model requires removal of one whole kidney and two-thirds of the other. The two most common ways of producing the remnant kidney are surgical resection of poles, known as the polectomy (Pol) model, or ligation of upper and lower renal arterial branches, resulting in pole infarction (Inf). These models have much in common, but also major phenotypic differences, and thus respectively model unique aspects of human CKD. The purpose of this review is to summarize phenotypic similarities and differences between these two models and their relation to human CKD, while emphasizing their vascular phenotype. In this article we review studies that have evaluated arterial blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS), autoregulation, nitric oxide, single nephron physiology, angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, and capillary rarefaction in these two models. Phenotypic similarities: both models spontaneously develop hallmarks of human CKD including uremia, fibrosis, capillary rarefaction, and progressive renal function decline. They both undergo whole-organ hypertrophy, hyperfiltration of functional nephrons, reduced renal expression of angiogenic factor VEGF, increased renal expression of the anti-angiogenic thrombospondin-1, impaired renal autoregulation, and abnormal vascular nitric oxide physiology. Key phenotypic differences: the Inf model develops rapid-onset, moderate-to-severe systemic hypertension, and the Pol model early normotension followed by mild-to-moderate hypertension. The Inf rat has a markedly more active renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system. Comparison of these two models facilitates understanding of how they can be utilized for studying CKD pathophysiology (e.g., RAAS dependent or independent pathology).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Adam
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Adaysha C Williams
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Alison J Kriegel
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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4
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Amargant F, Manuel SL, Larmore MJ, Johnson BW, Lawson M, Pritchard MT, Zelinski MB, Duncan FE. Sphingosine-1-phosphate and its mimetic FTY720 do not protect against radiation-induced ovarian fibrosis in the nonhuman primate†. Biol Reprod 2021; 104:1058-1070. [PMID: 33524104 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocytes are highly radiosensitive, so agents that prevent radiation-induced ovarian follicle destruction are important fertility preservation strategies. A previous study in rhesus macaques demonstrated that ovarian treatment with antiapoptotic agents, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and FTY720, its long-acting mimetic, preserved follicles following a single dose of 15 Gy X-ray radiation, and live offspring were obtained from FTY720-treated animals. However, it is unknown whether these antiapoptotic agents also protected the ovarian stroma from late effects of radiation, including vascular damage and fibrosis. Using ovarian histological sections from this study, we evaluated the vasculature and extracellular matrix in the following cohorts: vehicle + sham irradiation, vehicle + irradiation (OXI), S1P + irradiation (S1P), and FTY720 + irradiation (FTY720). One ovary from each animal was harvested prior to radiation whereas the contralateral ovary was harvested 10 months post-treatment. We assessed vasculature by immunohistochemistry with a PECAM1 antibody, hyaluronan by a hyaluronan binding protein assay, and collagen by picrosirius red and Masson's trichrome staining. Disorganized vessels were observed in the medulla in the OXI and S1P cohorts relative to the sham, but the vasculature in the FTY720 cohort appeared intact, which may partially explain fertoprotection. There were no differences in the hyaluronan matrix among the cohorts, but there was thickening of the tunica albuginea and fibrosis in the OXI cohort relative to the sham, which was not mitigated by either S1P or FTY720 treatment. Thus, the fertoprotective properties of S1P and FTY720 may be limited given their inability to protect the ovarian stroma against the late effects of radiation-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farners Amargant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sharrón L Manuel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Megan J Larmore
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian W Johnson
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maralee Lawson
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Michele T Pritchard
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mary B Zelinski
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Francesca E Duncan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator FTY720 attenuates experimental myeloperoxidase-ANCA vasculitis in a T cell-dependent manner. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1475-1489. [PMID: 32538435 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic lysosphingolipid derived from the metabolism of plasma membrane lipids. The interaction between S1P and its ubiquitously expressed G-protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1-5) is crucial in many pathophysiological processes. Emerging evidence suggested a potential role for S1P receptors in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). In the present study, we investigated the effects of three different S1P receptors modulators (FTY720, SEW2871 and TY52156) in a recognized rat model of experimental autoimmune vasculitis (EAV). The effects of treatments were evaluated with clinico-pathological parameters including hematuria, proteinuria, crescent formation, pulmonary hemorrhage, etc. In vitro functional studies were performed in a Jurkat T-cell line following stimulations of serum from myeloperoxidase-AAV patients. We found that only the FTY720 treatment significantly alleviated hematuria and proteinuria, and diminished glomerular crescent formation, renal tubulointerstitial lesions and pulmonary hemorrhage in EAV. The attenuation was accompanied by less renal T-cell infiltration, up-regulated mRNA of S1PR1 and down-regulated IL-1β in kidneys, but not altered circulating ANCA levels, suggesting that the therapeutic effects of FTY720 were B-cell independent. Further in vitro studies demonstrated that FTY720 incubation could significantly inhibit the proliferation, adhesion, and migration, and increase apoptosis of T cells. In conclusion, the S1P modulator FTY720 could attenuate EAV through the reduction and inhibition of T cells, which might become a novel treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis.
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Xie T, Chen C, Peng Z, Brown BC, Reisz JA, Xu P, Zhou Z, Song A, Zhang Y, Bogdanov MV, Kellems RE, D'Alessandro A, Zhang W, Xia Y. Erythrocyte Metabolic Reprogramming by Sphingosine 1-Phosphate in Chronic Kidney Disease and Therapies. Circ Res 2020; 127:360-375. [PMID: 32284030 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hypoxia promotes renal damage and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The erythrocyte is the only cell type for oxygen (O2) delivery. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)-a highly enriched biolipid in erythrocytes-is recently reported to be induced under high altitude in normal humans to enhance O2 delivery. However, nothing is known about erythrocyte S1P in CKD. OBJECTIVE To investigate the function and metabolic basis of erythrocyte S1P in CKD with a goal to explore potential therapeutics. METHODS AND RESULTS Using erythrocyte-specific SphK1 (sphingosine kinase 1; the only enzyme to produce S1P in erythrocytes) knockout mice (eSphK1-/-) in an experimental model of hypertensive CKD with Ang II (angiotensin II) infusion, we found severe renal hypoxia, hypertension, proteinuria, and fibrosis in Ang II-infused eSphk1-/- mice compared with controls. Untargeted metabolomics profiling and in vivo U-13C6 isotopically labeled glucose flux analysis revealed that SphK1 is required for channeling glucose metabolism toward glycolysis versus pentose phosphate pathway, resulting in enhanced erythroid-specific Rapoport-Luebering shunt in Ang II-infused mice. Mechanistically, increased erythrocyte S1P functioning intracellularly activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) 1α and BPGM (bisphosphoglycerate mutase) by reducing ceramide/S1P ratio and inhibiting PP2A (protein phosphatase 2A), leading to increased 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (an erythrocyte-specific metabolite negatively regulating Hb [hemoglobin]-O2-binding affinity) production and thus more O2 delivery to counteract kidney hypoxia and progression to CKD. Preclinical studies revealed that an AMPK agonist or a PP2A inhibitor rescued the severe CKD phenotype in Ang II-infused eSphK1-/- mice and prevented development of CKD in the control mice by inducing 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate production and thus enhancing renal oxygenation. Translational research validated mouse findings in erythrocytes of hypertensive CKD patients and cultured human erythrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our study elucidates the beneficial role of eSphk1-S1P in hypertensive CKD by channeling glucose metabolism toward Rapoport-Luebering shunt and inducing 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate production and O2 delivery via a PP2A-AMPK1α signaling pathway. These findings reveal the metabolic and molecular basis of erythrocyte S1P in CKD and new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xie
- From the Rheumatology and Immunology (T.X.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.X., C.C., P.X., A.S., Y.Z., M.V.B., R.E.K., W.Z., Y.X.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston
| | - Changhan Chen
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (C.C.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.X., C.C., P.X., A.S., Y.Z., M.V.B., R.E.K., W.Z., Y.X.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston
| | - Zhangzhe Peng
- Nephrology (Z.P.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Benjamin C Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (B.C.B., J.A.R., A.D.)
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (B.C.B., J.A.R., A.D.)
| | - Ping Xu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.X., C.C., P.X., A.S., Y.Z., M.V.B., R.E.K., W.Z., Y.X.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine (Z.Z.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston
| | - Anren Song
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.X., C.C., P.X., A.S., Y.Z., M.V.B., R.E.K., W.Z., Y.X.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston
| | - Yujin Zhang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.X., C.C., P.X., A.S., Y.Z., M.V.B., R.E.K., W.Z., Y.X.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston
| | - Mikhail V Bogdanov
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.X., C.C., P.X., A.S., Y.Z., M.V.B., R.E.K., W.Z., Y.X.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston
| | - Rodney E Kellems
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.X., C.C., P.X., A.S., Y.Z., M.V.B., R.E.K., W.Z., Y.X.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston.,MDAnderson-UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX (R.E.K., Y.X.)
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (B.C.B., J.A.R., A.D.)
| | - Weiru Zhang
- General Medicine (W.Z.), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.X., C.C., P.X., A.S., Y.Z., M.V.B., R.E.K., W.Z., Y.X.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston
| | - Yang Xia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (T.X., C.C., P.X., A.S., Y.Z., M.V.B., R.E.K., W.Z., Y.X.), University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston.,MDAnderson-UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX (R.E.K., Y.X.)
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7
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The Vascular Involvement in Soft Tissue Fibrosis-Lessons Learned from Pathological Scarring. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072542. [PMID: 32268503 PMCID: PMC7177855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue fibrosis in important organs such as the heart, liver, lung, and kidney is a serious pathological process that is characterized by excessive connective tissue deposition. It is the result of chronic but progressive accumulation of fibroblasts and their production of extracellular matrix components such as collagens. Research on pathological scars, namely, hypertrophic scars and keloids, may provide important clues about the mechanisms that drive soft tissue fibrosis, in particular the vascular involvement. This is because these dermal fibrotic lesions bear all of the fibrotic characteristics seen in soft tissue fibrosis. Moreover, their location on the skin surface means they are readily observable and directly treatable and therefore more accessible to research. We will focus here on the roles that blood vessel-associated cells play in cutaneous scar pathology and assess from the literature whether these cells also contribute to other soft tissue fibroses. These cells include endothelial cells, which not only exhibit aberrant functions but also differentiate into mesenchymal cells in pathological scars. They also include pericytes, hepatic stellate cells, fibrocytes, and myofibroblasts. This article will review with broad strokes the roles that these cells play in the pathophysiology of different soft tissue fibroses. We hope that this brief but wide-ranging overview of the vascular involvement in fibrosis pathophysiology will aid research into the mechanisms underlying fibrosis and that this will eventually lead to the development of interventions that can prevent, reduce, or even reverse fibrosis formation and/or progression.
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8
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Dennhardt S, Finke KR, Huwiler A, Coldewey SM. Sphingosine-1-phosphate promotes barrier-stabilizing effects in human microvascular endothelial cells via AMPK-dependent mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:774-781. [PMID: 30660683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Breakdown of the endothelial barrier is a critical step in the development of organ failure in severe inflammatory conditions such as sepsis. Endothelial cells from different tissues show phenotypic variations which are often neglected in endothelial research. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) have been shown to protect the endothelium and phosphorylation of AMPK by S1P was shown in several cell types. However, the role of the S1P-AMPK interrelationship for endothelial barrier stabilization has not been investigated. To assess the role of the S1P-AMPK signalling axis in this context, we established an in vitro model allowing real-time monitoring of endothelial barrier function in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) and murine glomerular endothelial cells (GENCs) with the electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS™) system. Following the disruption of the cell barrier by co-administration of LPS, TNF-α, IL-1ß, IFN-γ, and IL-6, we demonstrated self-recovery of the disrupted barrier in HMEC-1, while the barrier remained compromised in GENCs. Under physiological conditions we observed a rapid phosphorylation of AMPK in HMEC-1 stimulated with S1P, but not in GENCs. Consistently, S1P enhanced the basal endothelial barrier in HMEC-1 exclusively. siRNA-mediated knockdown of AMPK in HMEC-1 led to a less pronounced barrier enhancement. Thus we present evidence for a functional role of AMPK in S1P-mediated barrier stabilization in HMEC-1 and we provide insight into cell-type specific differences of the S1P-AMPK-interrelationship, which might influence the development of interventional strategies targeting endothelial barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dennhardt
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Septomics Research Centre, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Karl R Finke
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Septomics Research Centre, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sina M Coldewey
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Septomics Research Centre, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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9
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Bhat OM, Yuan X, Li G, Lee R, Li PL. Sphingolipids and Redox Signaling in Renal Regulation and Chronic Kidney Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1008-1026. [PMID: 29121774 PMCID: PMC5849286 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Sphingolipids play critical roles in the membrane biology and intracellular signaling events that influence cellular behavior and function. Our review focuses on the cellular mechanisms and functional relevance of the cross talk between sphingolipids and redox signaling, which may be critically implicated in the pathogenesis of different renal diseases. Recent Advances: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and sphingolipids can regulate cellular redox homeostasis through the regulation of NADPH oxidase, mitochondrial integrity, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and antioxidant enzymes. Over the last two decades, there have been significant advancements in the field of sphingolipid research, and it was in 2010 for the first time that sphingolipid receptor modulator was exploited as a therapeutic in humans. The cross talk of sphingolipids with redox signaling pathways becomes an important mechanism in the development of many different diseases such as renal diseases. Critical Issues: The critical issues to be addressed in this review are how sphingolipids interact with the redox signaling pathway to regulate renal function and even result in chronic kidney diseases. Ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) as main signaling sphingolipids are discussed in more detail. Future Directions: Although sphingolipids and ROS may mediate or modulate cellular responses to physiological and pathological stimuli, more translational studies and mechanistic pursuit in a tissue- or cell-specific way are needed to enhance our understanding of this important topic and to develop effective therapeutic strategies to treat diseases associated with redox signaling and sphingolipid cross talk. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1008-1026.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owais M Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - RaMi Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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10
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Huang C, Liu L, You Z, Zhao Y, Dong J, Du Y, Ogawa R. Endothelial dysfunction and mechanobiology in pathological cutaneous scarring: lessons learned from soft tissue fibrosis. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:1248-1255. [PMID: 28403507 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Huang
- Department of Dermatology Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Tsinghua University Beijing 102218 China
- Department of Plastic Surgery Meitan General Hospital Beijing 100028 China
| | - L. Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Z. You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Y. Zhao
- Department of Dermatology Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Tsinghua University Beijing 102218 China
| | - J. Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Tsinghua University Beijing 102218 China
| | - Y. Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - R. Ogawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Nippon Medical School Tokyo 113‐8603 Japan
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11
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González-Fernández B, Sánchez DI, González-Gallego J, Tuñón MJ. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling as a Target in Hepatic Fibrosis Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:579. [PMID: 28890699 PMCID: PMC5574909 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an excess production of extracellular matrix proteins as a result of chronic liver disease which leads to cell death and organ dysfunction. The key cells involved in fibrogenesis are resident hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) which are termed myofibroblasts after activation, acquiring contractile, proliferative, migratory and secretory capability. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid with well-established effects on angiogenesis, carcinogenesis and immunity. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that this metabolite is involved in the profibrotic inflammatory process through the regulation of pleiotropic cell responses, such as vascular permeability, leukocyte infiltration, cell survival, migration, proliferation and HSCs differentiation to myofibroblasts. S1P is synthesized by sphingosine kinases (SphKs) and many of its actions are mediated by S1P specific cell surface receptors (S1P1-5), although different intracellular targets of S1P have been identified. Modulation of SphKs/S1P/S1P receptors signaling is known to result in beneficial effects on various in vivo and in vitro models of liver fibrosis. Thus, a better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in the modulation of the S1P pathway could help to improve liver fibrosis therapy. In this review, we analyze the effects of the S1P axis on the fibrogenic process, and the involvement of a range of inhibitors or approaches targeting enzymes related to S1P in the abrogation of pathological fibrogenesis. All in all, targeting this pathway offers therapeutic potential in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of LeónLeón, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)León, Spain
| | - María J Tuñón
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of LeónLeón, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd)León, Spain
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12
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Hijmans RS, Rasmussen DGK, Yazdani S, Navis G, van Goor H, Karsdal MA, Genovese F, van den Born J. Urinary collagen degradation products as early markers of progressive renal fibrosis. J Transl Med 2017; 15:63. [PMID: 28320405 PMCID: PMC5358042 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Renal fibrogenesis is associated with increased ECM remodeling and release of collagen fragments in urine in progressive renal disease. We investigated the diagnostic value of urinary collagen degradation products in a proteinuria-driven fibrosis rat model with and without anti-fibrotic S1P-receptor modulator FTY720 treatment. Methods Proteinuria was induced in male Wistar rats by Adriamycin (ADR) injection (n = 16). Healthy rats served as controls (n = 12). Six weeks post-injection, all underwent renal biopsy, and FTY720-treatment started in ADR-rats (n = 8) and controls (n = 6). Others remained untreated. Rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks. Collagen type I (C1M) and III (C3M) degradation fragments were measured in blood and urine using ELISA. Kidneys were stained for various inflammatory and fibrotic markers. Results Six weeks post-injection proteinuria increased (versus controls, P < 0.001) and although no accumulation of interstitial renal collagen type III (iColl3) was observed at this time, urinary C3M (uC3M) and C1M (uC1M) were significantly increased (both P < 0.001). At 12 weeks, uC3M (P < 0.001) and uC1M (P < 0.01) further increased in ADR-rats versus controls, just as fibronectin, PDGF-β receptor, hyaluronan (all P < 0.01), iColl3, PAS, myofibroblasts, macrophages and T-cells (all P < 0.05). FTY720-treatment reduced accumulation of immune cells, α-SMA+ myofibroblasts and PAS-score, but not iColl3 and uC3M. Correlation analyses indicated that uC3M and uC1M reflected and predicted tubulointerstitial fibrogenesis. Conclusions These data displayed urinary collagen breakdown products as sensitive early markers of interstitial fibrosis, preceding histological fibrotic changes, which might replace the invasive renal biopsy procedure to assess fibrosis. Anti-fibrotic FTY720 intervention reduced some fibrotic markers without affecting collagen type III metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryanne S Hijmans
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Daniel Guldager Kring Rasmussen
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev, Denmark.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Saleh Yazdani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jacob van den Born
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Gendron DR, Lemay AM, Lecours PB, Perreault-Vallières V, Huppé CA, Bossé Y, Blanchet MR, Dion G, Marsolais D. FTY720 promotes pulmonary fibrosis when administered during the remodelling phase following a bleomycin-induced lung injury. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 44:50-56. [PMID: 28323056 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis complicates numerous pathologies including interstitial lung diseases. Sphingosine analogs such as FTY720 can alleviate lung injury-induced fibrosis in murine models. Contradictorily, FTY720 also promotes in vitro processes normally leading to fibrosis and high doses in vivo foster lung fibrosis by enhancing vascular leakage into the lung. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of low doses of FTY720 on lung fibrosis triggered by an acute injury in mice. We first defined the time-boundaries delimiting the inflammatory and remodelling phases of an injury elicited by bleomycin based on neutrophil counts, total lung capacity and lung stiffness. Thereafter, FTY720 (0.1 mg/kg) was delivered during either the inflammatory or the remodelling phases of bleomycin-induced injury. While FTY720 decreased fibrosis by 60% and lung stiffness by 28% when administered during the inflammatory phase, it increased fibrosis (2.1-fold) and lung stiffness (1.7-fold) when administered during the remodelling phase. FTY720-induced worsening of fibrosis was associated with an increased expression of connective tissue growth factor, but not with vascular leakage into the lung. Thus, the timing of FTY720 delivery following a bleomycin-induced lung injury determines pro-vs anti-fibrotic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Gendron
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Lemay
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Pascale Blais Lecours
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Valérie Perreault-Vallières
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Carole-Ann Huppé
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Ynuk Bossé
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada; Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Renée Blanchet
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada; Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Dion
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada; Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - David Marsolais
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Québec City, Québec, Canada; Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
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Cui K, Ruan Y, Wang T, Rao K, Chen Z, Wang S, Liu J. FTY720 Supplementation Partially Improves Erectile Dysfunction in Rats With Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetes Through Inhibition of Endothelial Dysfunction and Corporal Fibrosis. J Sex Med 2017; 14:323-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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FTY720 Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Podocyte Damage via Inhibiting Inflammatory Cytokines. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3701385. [PMID: 28270699 PMCID: PMC5320072 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3701385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
FTY720, a new chemical substance derived from the ascomycete Isaria sinclairii, is used for treating multiple sclerosis, renal cancer, and asthma. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite and exists in red blood cells. FTY720 is a synthetic S1P analog which can block S1P evoking physiological effects. Recently studies show that S1P was participating in activated inflammation cells induced renal injury. The objective of this study was to assess the protective effect of FTY720 on kidney damage and the potential mechanism of FTY720 which alleviate podocyte injury in chronic kidney disease. In this study, we selected 40 patients with IgA nephropathy and examined their clinical characteristics. Ang II-infusion rat renal injury model was established to evaluate the glomeruli and tubulointerstitial lesion. The result showed that the concentration of S1P in serum and urine was positively correlated with IgA nephropathy patients' renal injury. FTY720 could reduce renal histological lesions induced by Ang II-infusion in rats. Moreover, FTY720 decreased S1P synthesis in Ang II-infusion rats via downregulation of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-6. In addition, FTY720 alleviated exogenous S1P-induced podocyte damage. In conclusion, FTY720 is able to attenuate S1P-induced podocyte damage via reducing inflammatory cytokines.
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16
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Fingolimod Associated Bilateral Cystoid Macular Edema-Wait and See? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122106. [PMID: 27983657 PMCID: PMC5187906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fingolimod 0.5-mg once-daily is an approved therapy for patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Several pivotal and real-world studies have demonstrated that fingolimod is associated with the development of macular edema (ME). Herein, we present a case of a diabetic MS patient who developed severe bilateral ME during fingolimod treatment. By means of this case study we provide a detailed review about fingolimod associated macular edema (FAME), its current incidence with or without diabetes mellitus, and previous therapy attempts and outcomes in MS patients. Intravitreal administration of antibodies raised against vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) has not yet been used in the management of FAME, however, the excellent therapeutic response in our patient may justify the use of anti-VEGF-A agents in combination with cessation of fingolimod to achieve fast resolution of FAME and to prevent visual deficits, particularly in bilateral FAME.
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17
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Perry HM, Okusa MD. Endothelial Dysfunction in Renal Interstitial Fibrosis. Nephron Clin Pract 2016; 134:167-171. [PMID: 27576317 DOI: 10.1159/000447607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease affects millions of people worldwide and it is now widely accepted that many pathological processes may persist after acute kidney injury that can cause the progression to CKD. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis manifests soon after injury and while many cellular and molecular components of kidney fibrosis have been discovered, largely in animal models, new therapeutic strategies are still desperately needed. The renal endothelium has emerged as important in progression of fibrosis through regulation of hypoxia, inflammation and cellular crosstalk. This review aims to highlight our current understanding of the role of the endothelium in interstitial fibrosis and to identify potential therapeutic targets. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Perry
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Va., USA
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18
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Koch M, Poehnert D, Nashan B. Effects of FTY720 on peripheral blood lymphocytes and graft infiltrating cells in a rat model of chronic renal allograft rejection. Transpl Immunol 2016; 35:12-7. [PMID: 26802360 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic renal allograft loss is still an unsolved problem in kidney transplantation. We evaluated the impact of FTY720, a S1P receptor agonist, known to deplete lymphocytes from the peripheral blood by sequestering them into lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, on blood lymphocytes and graft infiltrating cells in a rat model of chronic real allograft rejection. METHODS LEW rats served as recipients for LEW.1U7B kidney grafts. All animals were treated with CsA (5mg/kg) for 10 days after renal transplantation and monitored for kidney function, peripheral blood lymphocytes and graft infiltrating cells. In the intervention group (n=7) FTY720 therapy was started 7 weeks post-KTx in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg p. o. three times a week. RESULTS In the control group the survival of the rats was 9, 11, 18 and 4 × 24 weeks, in the intervention group 2 × 8, 9, 2 × 11, 18 and 20 weeks. While in the intervention group the number of T- and B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was successfully reduced during FTY720 treatment, both groups showed significant amounts of T- and B-lymphocytes in the kidney grafts. Animals in both groups developed donor specific antibodies, extensive albuminuria and severe chronic changes in the grafts. CONCLUSIONS FTY720 was highly effective to reduce T- and B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, but not effective in clearing their infiltration in the graft. Graft survival was not prolonged by FTY720 treatment starting late after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Koch
- Klinik fuer Hepatobiliäre Chirurgie und Transplantationschirurgie, UKE, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Poehnert
- Klinik fuer Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bjoern Nashan
- Klinik fuer Hepatobiliäre Chirurgie und Transplantationschirurgie, UKE, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Hsu YC, Lei CC, Ho C, Shih YH, Lin CL. Potential biomarkers associated with diabetic glomerulopathy through proteomics. Ren Fail 2015; 37:1308-15. [PMID: 26364511 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2015.1077321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by the development of progressive glomerulosclerotic lesions gradually leading to an increasing loss of functioning kidney parenchyma. Relatively little proteomic research of isolated glomeruli of experimental animal models has been done so far. Isolated glomerular proteomics is an innovative tool that potentially detects simultaneous expressions of glomeruli in diabetic pathological contexts. We compared the isolated glomerular profiles of rats with and without diabetes. The proteins in the aliquots of glomeruli were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The protein spots were matched and quantified using an imaging analysis system. The peptide mass fingerprints were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and a bioinformation search. We found that diabetes increased collagen type I and collagen type IV levels in diabetic glomeruli when compared to normal control group using Dynabeads. We found that rats with diabetes had significantly higher abundance of the Protein disulfide isomerase associated 3, Aspartoacylase-3,3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A lyase, Lactamase beta 2 and Agmat protein. However, diabetic glomeruli in rats had significantly lower levels of the Regucalcin, rCG52140, Aldo-keto reductase family 1, Peroxiredoxin 1, and l-arginine: glycine amidinotransferase. These proteins of interest were reported to modulate disturbances in the homeostasis of endoplasmic reticulum stress, disturbance of inflammatory and fibrinogenic activities, impairing endothelial function, and dysregulation in the antioxidation capacity/oxidative stress in several tissue types under pathological contexts. Taken together, our high-throughput isolated glomerular proteomic findings indicated that multiple pathological reactions presumably occurred in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chien Hsu
- a Department of Nephrology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Chiayi , Taiwan .,b Department of Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT) , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Chiayi , Taiwan .,c Chronic Kidney Disease Care Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Chiayi , Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chou Lei
- a Department of Nephrology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Chiayi , Taiwan .,b Department of Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT) , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Chiayi , Taiwan .,c Chronic Kidney Disease Care Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Chiayi , Taiwan
| | - Cheng Ho
- d Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Chiayi , Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsueh Shih
- a Department of Nephrology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Chiayi , Taiwan .,b Department of Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT) , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Chiayi , Taiwan .,c Chronic Kidney Disease Care Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Chiayi , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Lin
- a Department of Nephrology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Chiayi , Taiwan .,b Department of Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT) , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Chiayi , Taiwan .,c Chronic Kidney Disease Care Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Chiayi , Taiwan .,e Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan , and.,f School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Tao-Yuan , Taiwan
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Baicalein attenuates renal fibrosis by inhibiting inflammation via down-regulating NF-κB and MAPK signal pathways. J Mol Histol 2015; 46:283-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-015-9621-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Yazdani S, Hijmans RS, Poosti F, Dam W, Navis G, van Goor H, van den Born J. Targeting tubulointerstitial remodeling in proteinuric nephropathy in rats. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:919-30. [PMID: 26035383 PMCID: PMC4527281 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.018580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinuria is an important cause of tubulointerstitial damage. Anti-proteinuric interventions are not always successful, and residual proteinuria often leads to renal failure. This indicates the need for additional treatment modalities by targeting the harmful downstream consequences of proteinuria. We previously showed that proteinuria triggers renal lymphangiogenesis before the onset of interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. However, the interrelationship of these interstitial events in proteinuria is not yet clear. To this end, we specifically blocked lymphangiogenesis (anti-VEGFR3 antibody), monocyte/macrophage influx (clodronate liposomes) or lymphocyte and myofibroblast influx (S1P agonist FTY720) separately in a rat model to investigate the role and the possible interaction of each of these phenomena in tubulointerstitial remodeling in proteinuric nephropathy. Proteinuria was induced in 3-month old male Wistar rats by adriamycin injection. After 6 weeks, when proteinuria has developed, rats were treated for another 6 weeks by anti-VEGFR3 antibody, clodronate liposomes or FTY720 up to week 12. In proteinuric rats, lymphangiogenesis, influx of macrophages, T cells and myofibroblasts, and collagen III deposition and interstitial fibrosis significantly increased at week 12 vs week 6. Anti-VEGFR3 antibody prevented lymphangiogenesis in proteinuric rats, however, without significant effects on inflammatory and fibrotic markers or proteinuria. Clodronate liposomes inhibited macrophage influx and partly reduced myofibroblast expression; however, neither significantly prevented the development of lymphangiogenesis, nor fibrotic markers and proteinuria. FTY720 prevented myofibroblast accumulation, T-cell influx and interstitial fibrosis, and partially reduced macrophage number and proteinuria; however, it did not significantly influence lymphangiogenesis and collagen III deposition. This study showed that proteinuria-induced interstitial fibrosis cannot be halted by blocking lymphangiogenesis or the influx of macrophages. On the other hand, FTY720 treatment did prevent T-cell influx, myofibroblast accumulation and interstitial fibrosis, but not renal lymphangiogenesis and proteinuria. We conclude that tubulointerstitial fibrosis and inflammation are separate from lymphangiogenesis, at least under proteinuric conditions. Summary: Targeting lymphangiogenesis, inflammation or fibrosis separately in a rat model of proteinuric nephropathy showed that treating any of these changes alone is not effective in treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Yazdani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ryanne S Hijmans
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fariba Poosti
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Dam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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FTY720, a sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor modulator, improves liver fibrosis in a mouse model by impairing the motility of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Inflammation 2015; 37:1326-36. [PMID: 24682874 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
FTY720 is a novel immunosuppressant that modulates sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors for the treatment of several diseases. Several hallmarks of liver fibrosis are influenced by S1P, and the interference of S1P signaling by treatment with FTY720 results in beneficial effects in various animal models of fibrosis. However, whether these treatment strategies suppress liver fibrosis progression is incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanisms by which FTY720 improves liver fibrosis in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced mouse model. FTY720 treatment significantly attenuated the expression of fibrotic markers in the injured liver of both wild-type and SCID-beige mice. The migration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to circulation, and subsequently the injured liver, was suppressed by FTY720. Furthermore, in vitro, phosphorylated-FTY720 blocked the migration of BMSCs mediated by S1P. Thus, FTY720 is an effective therapy for liver fibrosis via the suppression of BMSC migration in the CCl4-induced mouse model.
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Attenuation of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by açaí extract preconditioning in a rat model. Life Sci 2015; 123:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Localization and expression profile of Group I and II Activators of G-protein Signaling in the kidney. J Mol Histol 2014; 46:123-36. [PMID: 25533045 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-014-9605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Activators of G-protein Signaling (AGS) are a family of accessory proteins that were discovered as modulators of heterotrimeric G-protein subunits. The primary aim of the present study was to localize Group I and II AGS proteins and determine the renal expression profile using immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively, during normal and injured states of the kidney. Group I AGS1 was found to be predominantly localized to the proximal tubule, Group II AGS3 and AGS5 were exclusively localized to the distal tubular segments, and Group II AGS6 was ubiquitously expressed in every nephron segment of the rodent kidney. In rat kidneys following ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), Group I AGS1 mRNA was dramatically increased after 24 h by fivefold (P < 0.05), whereas Group II AGS3 and AGS4 mRNA was significantly decreased at the same time point (P < 0.05). No significant change in the transcript levels were detected at other time points for any of the AGS genes between control and IRI groups. In polycystic diseased kidneys, mRNA levels for AGS3, AGS4 and AGS6 was significantly increased (P < 0.05) by 75-80 % in PCK rat kidneys. The identification of Group I and II AGS mRNA and protein in the kidney may provide insight into the potential mechanism of action during normal and varying states of renal disease or injury.
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Kujal P, Čertíková Chábová V, Škaroupková P, Husková Z, Vernerová Z, Kramer HJ, Walkowska A, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Sadowski J, Kitada K, Nishiyama A, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Imig JD, Červenka L. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase is renoprotective in 5/6 nephrectomized Ren-2 transgenic hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 41:227-37. [PMID: 24471737 PMCID: PMC4038339 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
1. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that increasing kidney tissue concentrations of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) by preventing their degradation to the biologically inactive dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETEs) using blockade of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) would attenuate the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). 2. Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR) after 5/6 renal mass reduction (5/6 NX) served as a model of CKD associated with angiotensin (Ang) II-dependent hypertension. Soluble epoxide hydrolase was inhibited using cis-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)cyclohexyloxy]benzoic acid (c-AUCB; 3 mg/L drinking water) for 20 weeks after 5/6 NX. Sham-operated normotensive transgene-negative Hannover Sprague-Dawley (HanSD) rats served as controls. 3. When applied in TGR subjected to 5/6 NX, c-AUCB treatment improved survival rate, prevented the increase in blood pressure, retarded the progression of cardiac hypertrophy, reduced proteinuria and the degree of glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury and reduced glomerular volume. All these organ-protective actions were associated with normalization of the intrarenal EETs : DHETEs ratio, an index of the availability of biologically active EETs, to levels observed in sham-operated HanSD rats. There were no significant concurrent changes of increased intrarenal AngII content. 4. Together, these results show that 5/6 NX TGR exhibit a profound deficiency of intrarenal availability of active epoxygenase metabolites (EETs), which probably contributes to the progression of CKD in this model of AngII-dependent hypertension, and that restoration of intrarenal availability of EETs using long-term c-AUCB treatment exhibits substantial renoprotective actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kujal
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Wang L, Chen H, Liu XH, Chen ZY, Weng XD, Qiu T, Liu L, Zhu HC. Ozone oxidative preconditioning inhibits renal fibrosis induced by ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1764-1768. [PMID: 25371729 PMCID: PMC4218702 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) is a crucial contributor to the development of renal fibrosis. Ozone has been proposed as a novel medical therapy for various conditions, including organ IRI. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ozone oxidative preconditioning (OzoneOP) has a beneficial effect in preventing the development of renal fibrosis following IRI. Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 45 min of ischemia followed by 8 weeks of reperfusion. Prior to surgery, rats in the OzoneOP group were treated with ozone and those in the IRI and Sham groups were untreated. Blood samples were collected for the detection of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels. To assess tissue fibrosis, Masson’s trichrome staining was performed. Immunohistochemistry was also performed to determine the localization of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were conducted to analyze the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, α-SMA and Smad7. The levels of BUN and Cr did not significantly differ between groups. Rats pretreated with ozone showed markedly less interstitial fibrosis than untreated rats following IRI. In addition, immunohistochemistry revealed that α-SMA expression was attenuated in the OzoneOP group compared with the IRI group. RT-qPCR and western blot analysis showed that OzoneOP inhibited the IRI-induced increases in α-SMA and TGF-β1 expression levels, and that the IRI-induced reduction in the expression of Smad7 was inhibited in the OzoneOP group. The results indicate that OzoneOP has beneficial effects on ischemic renal fibrosis. OzoneOP may exert its protective effects by a mechanism involving modulation of the TGF-β1/Smad7 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Heng Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Chen
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Weng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Heng-Cheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Jin J, Hu J, Zhou W, Wang X, Xiao Q, Xue N, Yin D, Chen X. Development of a selective S1P1 receptor agonist, Syl930, as a potential therapeutic agent for autoimmune encephalitis. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 90:50-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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28
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Bigaud M, Guerini D, Billich A, Bassilana F, Brinkmann V. Second generation S1P pathway modulators: research strategies and clinical developments. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:745-58. [PMID: 24239768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system (CNS) through demyelination and neurodegeneration. Until recently, major therapeutic treatments have relied on agents requiring injection delivery. In September 2010, fingolimod/FTY720 (Gilenya, Novartis) was approved as the first oral treatment for relapsing forms of MS. Fingolimod causes down-modulation of S1P1 receptors on lymphocytes which prevents the invasion of autoaggressive T cells into the CNS. In astrocytes, down-modulation of S1P1 by the drug reduces astrogliosis, a hallmark of MS, thereby allowing restoration of productive astrocyte communication with other neural cells and the blood brain barrier. Animal data further suggest that the drug directly supports the recovery of nerve conduction and remyelination. In human MS, such mechanisms may explain the significant decrease in the number of inflammatory markers on brain magnetic resonance imaging in recent clinical trials, and the reduction of brain atrophy by the drug. Fingolimod binds to 4 of the 5 known S1P receptor subtypes, and significant efforts were made over the past 5 years to develop next generation S1P receptor modulators and determine the minimal receptor selectivity needed for maximal therapeutic efficacy in MS patients. Other approaches considered were competitive antagonists of the S1P1 receptor, inhibitors of the S1P lyase to prevent S1P degradation, and anti-S1P antibodies. Below we discuss the current status of the field, and the functional properties of the most advanced compounds. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled New Frontiers in Sphingolipid Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bigaud
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Danilo Guerini
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Billich
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Volker Brinkmann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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