1
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Inoue M, Sakanaka A, Katakami N, Furuno M, Nishizawa H, Omori K, Taya N, Ishikawa A, Mayumi S, Tanaka Isomura E, Takeuchi H, Amano A, Shimomura I, Fukusaki E, Kuboniwa M. Periodontal tissue susceptibility to glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024. [PMID: 39143658 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM To assess the direct effect of intensive glycaemic control on periodontal tissues in patients with diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-nine patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and hospitalized to receive a 2-week intensive glycaemic control regimen. We observed and analysed the systemic and oral disease indicators before and after treatment and clarified the indicators related to periodontal inflammation. RESULTS A significant reduction in glycaemic and periodontal parameters, including glycated albumin levels and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA), was observed after treatment. The changes in PISA per tooth, indicative of periodontal healing, exhibited a bimodal distribution; the patients were divided into two groups on this basis. Correlations were observed between the changes in PISA per tooth and fasting plasma glucose, acetoacetic acid, and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels in the PISA-improved group. Significantly lower levels of C-peptide, coefficient of variation of R-R interval, and ankle-brachial pressure index were observed before treatment in the PISA non-improved group. CONCLUSIONS Glycaemic control treatment can effectively improve periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes, even in the absence of specific periodontal treatments. However, the periodontal responsiveness to glycaemic control treatment depends on the systemic condition of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Inoue
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akito Sakanaka
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoto Katakami
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Masahiro Furuno
- Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Suita, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuo Omori
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Naohiro Taya
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Asuka Ishikawa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Mayumi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emiko Tanaka Isomura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuo Amano
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, Suita, Japan
| | - Masae Kuboniwa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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2
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Zhu S, Xiang C, Charlesworth O, Bennett S, Zhang S, Zhou M, Kujan O, Xu J. The versatile roles of odontogenic ameloblast-associated protein in odontogenesis, junctional epithelium regeneration and periodontal disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1003931. [PMID: 36117697 PMCID: PMC9478555 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1003931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional epithelium (JE) is a vital epithelial component which forms an attachment to the tooth surface at the gingival sulcus by the adhesion of protein complexes from its basal layer. Disruption of the JE is associated with the development of gingivitis, periodontal disease, and alveolar bone loss. Odontogenic ameloblast-associated (ODAM) is comprised of a signal peptide and an ODAM protein with 12 putative glycosylation sites. It is expressed during odontogenesis by maturation stage ameloblasts and is incorporated into the enamel matrix during the formation of outer and surface layer enamel. ODAM, as a secreted protein which is accumulated at the interface between basal lamina and enamel, mediates the adhesion of the JE to the tooth surface; and is involved with extracellular signalling of WNT and ARHGEF5-RhoA, as well as intracellular signalling of BMP-2-BMPR-IB-ODAM. ODAM is also found to be highly expressed in salivary glands and appears to have implications for the regulation of formation, repair, and regeneration of the JE. Bioinformatics and research data have identified the anti-cancer properties of ODAM, indicating its potential both as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Understanding the biology of ODAM will help to design therapeutic strategies for periodontal and dental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Molecular Lab, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- *Correspondence: Sipin Zhu, ; Jiake Xu,
| | - Chuan Xiang
- Molecular Lab, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Oscar Charlesworth
- Molecular Lab, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samuel Bennett
- Molecular Lab, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sijuan Zhang
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maio Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Omar Kujan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Molecular Lab, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- *Correspondence: Sipin Zhu, ; Jiake Xu,
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3
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Li C, Gao Y, Xu Z, Tian Y, Mu H, Yu C, Gao Y, Zhang L. Expression and localization of amelotin, laminin γ2 and odontogenesis-associated phosphoprotein (ODAPH) on the basal lamina and junctional epithelium. J Mol Histol 2021; 53:111-118. [PMID: 34709488 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-10026-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
At maturation stage of enamel development, a specialized basal lamina (sBL) was built between ameloblasts and enamel. After the teeth eruption, the ameloblasts transform into the inner cell layer of junctional epithelium. The inner cell layer forms the internal basal lamina of junctional epithelium. However, the composition of the sBL and internal basal lamina was not clarified. The objective of our study was to make a description of the localization of amelotin (AMTN), laminin γ2 (LAMC2) and Odontogenesis-associated phosphoprotein (ODAPH) on the sBL and internal basal lamina. In immunohistochemical study, AMTN, LAMC2 and ODAPH were detected on the sBL at maturation stage. AMTN was also detected in ameloblasts at maturation stage. The expression of AMTN decreased from early-to-late maturation stage. In contrast, the expression of LAMC2 and ODAPH was stable. Immunofluorescence double-staining showed the localization of AMTN was close to enamel surface. However, the localization of ODAPH was close to ameloblasts. LAMC2 and ODAPH were observed on internal basal lamina of junctional epithelium. In contrast, no expression of AMTN was detected on internal basal lamina of junctional epithelium. Our results suggested that ODAPH might participate in enamel maturation and periodontal health, which might provide a better understanding of enamel defects and periodontal disease in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Institute of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Street, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.,Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Institute of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Street, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.,Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyu Mu
- Institute of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Street, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.,Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Cuicui Yu
- Institute of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Street, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.,Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Yuguang Gao
- Institute of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Street, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China. .,Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Street, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China. .,Department of Stomatology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, No. 717 Jinbu Street, Yantai, 264100, Shandong, China.
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4
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Li Y, Zhang J, Cheng Z, Wang Y, Huang T, Lai K, Du X, Jiang Z, Yang G. Adenovirus-Mediated LAMA3 Transduction Enhances Hemidesmosome Formation and Periodontal Reattachment during Wound Healing. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 18:291-303. [PMID: 32671133 PMCID: PMC7334303 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A robust dento-epithelial junction prevents external pathogenic factors from entering connective tissue and could be crucial for periodontal reattachment after periodontal surgery. The junctional epithelium (JE) is attached to the tooth surface through the hemidesmosome (HD) and internal basal lamina, where the primary component is laminin-332. Destruction of the JE leads to the loss of periodontal attachment. Traditional treatments are effective in eliminating local inflammation of the gingiva; however, few directly promote periodontal reattachment and HD formation. Here, we designed a gene-therapy strategy using the adenovirus-mediated human laminin-332 α3 chain (LAMA3) gene (Ad-LAMA3) transduced into a human-immortalized epidermal cell line (HaCaT) to study the formation of HD in vitro. Ad-LAMA3 promoted early adhesion and fast migration of HaCaT cells and increased expression of LAMA3 and type XVII collagen (BP180) significantly. Furthermore, HaCaT cells could facilitate formation of mature HDs after LAMA3 overexpression. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the JE transduced with Ad-LAMA3 could increase expression of LAMA3 and BP180 and “biological sealing” between the tooth and gingival epithelium. These results suggested that adenovirus-mediated LAMA3 transduction is a novel therapeutic strategy that promotes the stability and integration of the JE around the tooth during wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzheng Li
- Department of Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Zhenxuan Cheng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Hospital, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Tingben Huang
- Department of Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Kaichen Lai
- Department of Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Xue Du
- Department of Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- Department of Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou 310029, China
| | - Guoli Yang
- Department of Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou 310029, China
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5
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Nakayama Y, Inoue E, Kato A, Iwai Y, Takai-Yamazaki M, Tsuruya Y, Yamaguchi A, Noda K, Nomoto T, Ganss B, Ogata Y. Follicular dendritic cell-secreted protein gene expression is upregulated and spread in nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth. Odontology 2020; 108:532-544. [PMID: 31955298 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cell-secreted protein (FDC-SP) is secreted protein expressed in follicular dendritic cells, periodontal ligament and junctional epithelium (JE). Its expression could be controlled during inflammatory process of gingiva; however, responsible mechanism for gingival overgrowth and involvement of FDC-SP in clinical condition is still unclear. We hypothesized that JE-specific genes are associated with the initiation of drug-induced gingival enlargement (DIGE) called gingival overgrowth, and investigated the changes of JE-specific gene's expression and their localization in overgrown gingiva from the patients. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the FDC-SP localization was spread in overgrown gingival tissues. FDC-SP mRNA levels in GE1 and Ca9-22 cells were increased by time-dependent nifedipine treatments, similar to other JE-specific genes, such as Amelotin (Amtn) and Lamininβ3 subunit (Lamβ3), whereas type 4 collagen (Col4) mRNA levels were decreased. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that FDC-SP, AMTN, and Lamβ3 protein levels were increased in GE1 and Ca9-22 cells. Transient transfection analyses were performed using luciferase constructs including various lengths of human FDC-SP gene promoter, nifedipine increased luciferase activities of -345 and -948FDC-SP constructs. These results raise the possibility that the nifedipine-induced FDC-SP may be related to the mechanism responsible for gingival overgrowth does not occur at edentulous jaw ridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Nakayama
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan.
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.
| | - Eiko Inoue
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Ayako Kato
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Iwai
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Mizuho Takai-Yamazaki
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Yuto Tsuruya
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Arisa Yamaguchi
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Keisuke Noda
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan
| | - Takato Nomoto
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
- Department of Special Needs Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Bernhard Ganss
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yorimasa Ogata
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba, 271-8587, Japan.
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry At Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.
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6
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Nakayama Y, Matsui S, Noda K, Yamazaki M, Iwai Y, Ganss B, Ogata Y. TGFβ1-induced Amelotin gene expression is downregulated by Bax expression in mouse gingival epithelial cells. J Oral Sci 2018; 60:232-241. [PMID: 29657250 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Amelotin (AMTN) is induced upon initiation of apoptosis by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ1) and is mediated by Smad3 in gingival epithelial cells (GE1 cells). This upregulation of AMTN gene expression is temporary, and the mechanism responsible is still unclear. The present study investigated the transcriptional downregulation of TGFβ1-induced AMTN gene expression in GE1 cells during the progression of apoptosis. To examine time-dependent changes in the levels of AMTN, Smad3 and Bax mRNA induced by TGFβ1, real-time PCR analyses were performed. Immunocytochemistry was carried out to detect the expression of Smad3 and Bax. Transient transfection analyses were performed using mouse AMTN gene promoter constructs of various lengths including Smad response elements (SBEs), in the presence or absence of TGFβ1. Changes in Smad3 binding to SBEs resulting from overexpression of Bax were examined using ChIP assays. Overexpression of Bax dramatically downregulated the levels of TGFβ1-induced AMTN mRNA and transcription of the AMTN gene. Smad3 binding to SBEs in the mouse AMTN gene promoter was induced by overexpression of Smad3 or TGFβ1, and this was inhibited by Bax overexpression. These results show that the levels of AMTN mRNA induced by TGFβ1 and Smad3 are decreased by robust expression of Bax in gingival epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Nakayama
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo.,Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Sari Matsui
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Keisuke Noda
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Mizuho Yamazaki
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Yasunobu Iwai
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
| | - Bernhard Ganss
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto
| | - Yorimasa Ogata
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo.,Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
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7
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Nakayama Y, Matsui S, Noda K, Yamazaki M, Iwai Y, Matsumura H, Izawa T, Tanaka E, Ganss B, Ogata Y. Amelotin gene expression is temporarily being upregulated at the initiation of apoptosis induced by TGFβ1 in mouse gingival epithelial cells. Apoptosis 2018; 21:1057-70. [PMID: 27502207 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Amelotin (AMTN) is expressed and secreted by ameloblasts in the maturation stage of amelogenesis and persist with low levels in the junctional epithelium (JE) of erupted teeth. The purpose of this study is to investigate the transcriptional regulation of the AMTN gene by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ1) in gingival epithelial (GE1) cells in the apoptosis phase. Apoptosis was evaluated by the fragmentation of chromosomal DNA and TUNEL staining. A real-time PCR was carried out to examine the AMTN mRNA levels induced by TGFβ1 and Smad3 overexpression. Transient transfection analyses were completed using the various lengths of mouse AMTN gene promoter constructs with or without TGFβ1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were performed to investigate the Smad3 bindings to the AMTN gene promoter by TGFβ1. TGFβ1-induced apoptosis in GE1 cells were detected at 24 and 48 h by DNA fragmentation and TUNEL staining. AMTN mRNA levels increased at 6 h and reached maximum at 24 h in GE1 cells. Luciferase activities of the mouse AMTN gene promoter constructs were induced by TGFβ1. The results of the ChIP assays showed that there was an increase in Smad3 binding to Smad-binding element (SBE)#1 and SBE#2 after stimulation by TGFβ1. Immunohistochemical localization of AMTN was detected in the JE, and the AMTN protein levels in Smad3-deficient mice were decreased compared with wild-type mice. AMTN mRNA levels were induced at the initiation of apoptosis by TGFβ1, which mediated through the Smad3 bindings to SBEs in the mouse AMTN gene promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Nakayama
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan. .,Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Sari Matsui
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Noda
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mizuho Yamazaki
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Iwai
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Matsumura
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Izawa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Eiji Tanaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Bernhard Ganss
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yorimasa Ogata
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan. .,Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.
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8
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Nakayama Y, Takai H, Matsui S, Matsumura H, Zhou L, Kato A, Ganss B, Ogata Y. Proinflammatory cytokines induce amelotin transcription in human gingival fibroblasts. J Oral Sci 2016; 56:261-8. [PMID: 25500923 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.56.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Amelotin (AMTN) is a secreted protein transcribed predominantly during the maturation stage of enamel formation and localized in the junctional epithelium. We investigated differences in the levels of AMTN gene expression between non-inflamed gingiva and inflamed gingiva from patients with chronic periodontitis. Total RNAs were isolated from these tissues and their gene expression profiles were monitored by DNA microarray. The observed induction of AMTN mRNA in inflamed gingiva and cultured human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) was confirmed by real-time PCR. Transient transfection assays were performed using chimeric constructs of mouse AMTN gene promoter fragments linked to a luciferase reporter gene. Immunohistochemical localization of AMTN in inflamed and non-inflamed gingiva was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Among many differentially expressed genes, the level of AMTN mRNA was significantly increased in inflamed gingiva. Treatment of HGF with interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced the expression of AMTN mRNA, and increased the luciferase activities of the AMTN promoter constructs. AMTN protein was detected in inflamed gingival connective tissue and junctional epithelium. These findings demonstrate that proinflammatory cytokines induce AMTN gene expression in human gingival fibroblasts and suggest a role for AMTN in gingival inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Nakayama
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo
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9
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Sawada T, Yamazaki T, Shibayama K, Yamaguchi Y, Ohshima M. Ultrastructural immunolocalization of laminin 332 (laminin 5) at dento-gingival interface in Macaca fuscata monkey. Med Mol Morphol 2015; 48:104-11. [PMID: 25055992 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-014-0085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although laminin 332 (laminin 5), an extracellular matrix molecule involved in cell adhesion and migration, has been localized at the interface between the tooth enamel and junctional epithelium, its ultrastructural localization remains to be fully clarified. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the ultrastructural distribution of laminin 332 at the dento-gingival interface in Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata) using pre- and post-embedding immunoelectron microscopy. Pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy revealed a broad band of internal basal lamina together with supplementary lamina densa, and both showed immunolabeling for laminin 332. Immunoreaction products for laminin 332 were observed in the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum of the junctional epithelial cells close to the tooth enamel. Post-embedding immunoelectron microscopy revealed an increase in the number of immunogold particles toward the coronal portion, resulting in a large accumulation of particles on the basal lamina, preferentially on the lamina densa. Concomitantly the dental cuticle at the dento-gingival interface was sporadically, but specifically, immunogold-labeled with anti-laminin 332 antibody. These data suggest that junctional epithelium actively produces laminin 332, and that the products accumulate at the dento-gingival interface during cell migration coronally towards the gingival sulcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sawada
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan,
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Gasse B, Chiari Y, Silvent J, Davit-Béal T, Sire JY. Amelotin: an enamel matrix protein that experienced distinct evolutionary histories in amphibians, sauropsids and mammals. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:47. [PMID: 25884299 PMCID: PMC4373244 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Amelotin (AMTN) is an ameloblast-secreted protein that belongs to the secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein (SCPP) family, which originated in early vertebrates. In rodents, AMTN is expressed during the maturation stage of amelogenesis only. This expression pattern strongly differs from the spatiotemporal expression of other ameloblast-secreted SCPPs, such as the enamel matrix proteins (EMPs). Furthermore, AMTN was characterized in rodents only. In this study, we applied various approaches, including in silico screening of databases, PCRs and transcriptome sequencing to characterize AMTN sequences in sauropsids and amphibians, and compared them to available mammalian and coelacanth sequences. Results We showed that (i) AMTN is tooth (enamel) specific and underwent pseudogenization in toothless turtles and birds, and (ii) the AMTN structure changed during tetrapod evolution. To infer AMTN function, we studied spatiotemporal expression of AMTN during amelogenesis in a salamander and a lizard, and compared the results with available expression data from mouse. We found that AMTN is expressed throughout amelogenesis in non-mammalian tetrapods, in contrast to its expression limited to enamel maturation in rodents. Conclusions Taken together our findings suggest that AMTN was primarily an EMP. Its functions were conserved in amphibians and sauropsids while a change occurred early in the mammalian lineage, modifying its expression pattern during amelogenesis and its gene structure. These changes likely led to a partial loss of AMTN function and could have a link with the emergence of prismatic enamel in mammals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0329-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gasse
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Evolution Paris-Seine, Paris, UMR7138, France.
| | - Ylenia Chiari
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.
| | - Jérémie Silvent
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Evolution Paris-Seine, Paris, UMR7138, France. .,Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| | - Tiphaine Davit-Béal
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Evolution Paris-Seine, Paris, UMR7138, France.
| | - Jean-Yves Sire
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Evolution Paris-Seine, Paris, UMR7138, France.
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Nakayama Y, Holcroft J, Ganss B. Enamel Hypomineralization and Structural Defects in Amelotin-deficient Mice. J Dent Res 2015; 94:697-705. [PMID: 25715379 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514566214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Amelotin (AMTN) is a relatively recently discovered enamel protein that is predominantly expressed by ameloblasts during the maturation stage of amelogenesis and is present at lower levels in the junctional epithelium of erupted teeth. Previous studies have suggested a function of this protein in enamel mineralization and cell attachment. Genetic mouse models have been instrumental in defining the role of many enamel-related proteins, but a genetic mouse model lacking the Amtn gene has not been reported. Here, we describe the generation of amelotin-deficient mice and the analysis of their enamel phenotype in comparison with that of wild-type animals. Ablation of AMTN expression resulted in mechanically inferior enamel of mandibular incisors that showed chipping and fractures at the incisal edge. Enamel mineralization was delayed, resulting in hypomineralized inner enamel and structural defects in the outer enamel. Erupted enamel close to the gingival margin showed increased surface roughness. The expression levels of the enamel matrix proteins AMEL, AMBN, ENAM, and ODAM and the enamel proteases MMP-20 and KLK-4 were not significantly altered, although the expression of KLK-4 was delayed. The morphology of ameloblasts showing prominent Tomes' processes during the secretory stage was not altered, and there was no indication of disruption of cell structures or activities, but a residual layer, presumably consisting of organic material, remained at the enamel surface close to the gingival margin. The integrity of the dentogingival attachment at the junctional epithelium appeared unaffected by AMTN deficiency. These observations indicate that AMTN plays a subtle yet critical role in enamel biomineralization, particularly during the establishment of the outer and surface enamel layers. This role appears to be largely independent of other enamel proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nakayama
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Holcroft
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B Ganss
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ganss B, Abbarin N. Maturation and beyond: proteins in the developmental continuum from enamel epithelium to junctional epithelium. Front Physiol 2014; 5:371. [PMID: 25309457 PMCID: PMC4174742 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enamel, covering the surface of teeth, is the hardest substance in mammals. It is designed to last a lifetime in spite of severe environmental challenges. Enamel is formed in a biomineralization process that is essentially divided into secretory and maturation stages. While the molecular events of enamel formation during the secretory stage have been elucidated to some extent, the mechanisms of enamel maturation are less defined, and little is known about the molecules present beyond the maturation stage. Several genes, all located within the secreted calcium-binding phosphoprotein (SCPP) gene cluster, were recently shown to be expressed during the developmental continuum from maturation stage ameloblasts to junctional epithelium (JE). This review introduces four such genes and their protein products, and presents our current state of knowledge on their roles, primarily in enamel formation and JE biology. The discovery of these proteins, and a more detailed analysis of their biological functions, will likely contribute to a more thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms of enamel maturation and dentogingival attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Ganss
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Mineralized Tissue Lab, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nastaran Abbarin
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Mineralized Tissue Lab, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
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Characterisation of secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein-proline-glutamine-rich 1: a novel basal lamina component expressed at cell-tooth interfaces. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 358:843-55. [PMID: 25193156 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1989-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Functional genomic screening of the rat enamel organ (EO) has led to the identification of a number of secreted proteins expressed during the maturation stage of amelogenesis, including amelotin (AMTN) and odontogenic ameloblast-associated (ODAM). In this study, we characterise the gene, protein and pattern of expression of a related protein called secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein-proline-glutamine-rich 1 (SCPPPQ1). The Scpppq1 gene resides within the secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein (Scpp) cluster. SCPPPQ1 is a highly conserved, 75-residue, secreted protein rich in proline, leucine, glutamine and phenylalanine. In silico data mining has revealed no correlation to any known sequences. Northern blotting of various rat tissues suggests that the expression of Scpppq1 is restricted to tooth and associated tissues. Immunohistochemical analyses show that the protein is expressed during the late maturation stage of amelogenesis and in the junctional epithelium where it localises to an atypical basal lamina at the cell-tooth interface. This discrete localisation suggests that SCPPPQ1, together with AMTN and ODAM, participates in structuring the basal lamina and in mediating attachment of epithelia cells to mineralised tooth surfaces.
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