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Cai K, Jiang H, Zou Y, Song C, Cao K, Chen S, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Geng D, Zhang N, Liu B, Sun G, Tang M, Li Z, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y. Programmed death of cardiomyocytes in cardiovascular disease and new therapeutic approaches. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107281. [PMID: 38942341 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have a complex pathogenesis and pose a major threat to human health. Cardiomyocytes have a low regenerative capacity, and their death is a key factor in the morbidity and mortality of many CVDs. Cardiomyocyte death can be regulated by specific signaling pathways known as programmed cell death (PCD), including apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, etc. Abnormalities in PCD can lead to the development of a variety of cardiovascular diseases, and there are also molecular-level interconnections between different PCD pathways under the same cardiovascular disease model. Currently, the link between programmed cell death in cardiomyocytes and cardiovascular disease is not fully understood. This review describes the molecular mechanisms of programmed death and the impact of cardiomyocyte death on cardiovascular disease development. Emphasis is placed on a summary of drugs and potential therapeutic approaches that can be used to treat cardiovascular disease by targeting and blocking programmed cell death in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyue Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Zou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Song
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaobo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Danxi Geng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China; Institute of health sciences, China medical university, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine (China Medical University), National Health Commission, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- The first hospital of China Medical University, Department of cardiac surgery, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guozhe Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Man Tang
- Department of clinical pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, China medical university, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China; Institute of health sciences, China medical university, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China; Institute of health sciences, China medical university, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China.
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Li JN, Wang MY, Tan YR, Wang LL. Multidirectional Intervention of Chinese Herbal Medicine in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis: From Endothelial Protection to Immunomodulation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:925-947. [PMID: 38798151 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a significant risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease and a leading cause of death worldwide. The occurrence of atherosclerosis is closely related to factors such as endothelial injury, lipid deposition, immunity, and inflammation. Conventional statins, currently used in atherosclerosis treatment, have numerous adverse side effects that limit their clinical utility, prompting the urgent need to identify safer and more effective therapeutic alternatives. Growing evidence indicates the significant potential of Chinese herbs in atherosclerosis treatment. Herbal monomer components, such as natural flavonoid compounds extracted from herbs like Coptis chinensis and Panax notoginseng, have been utilized for their lipid-lowering and inflammation-inhibiting effects in atherosclerosis treatment. These herbs can be used as single components in treating diseases and with other Chinese medicines to form herbal combinations. This approach targets the disease mechanism in multiple ways, enhancing the therapeutic effects. Thus, this review examines the roles of Chinese herbal medicine monomers and Chinese herbal compounds in inhibiting atherosclerosis, including regulating lipids, improving endothelial function, reducing oxidative stress, regulating inflammation and the immune response, and apoptosis. By highlighting these roles, our study offers new perspectives on atherosclerosis treatment with Chinese herbs and is anticipated to contribute to advancements in related research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ni Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Xiangya Road 88, Changsha 410078, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Yu Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Xiangya Road 88, Changsha 410078, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Rong Tan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Xiangya Road 88, Changsha 410078, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Xiangya Road 88, Changsha 410078, Hunan, P. R. China
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Rezaee A, Rahmanian P, Nemati A, Sohrabifard F, Karimi F, Elahinia A, Ranjbarpazuki A, Lashkarbolouki R, Dezfulian S, Zandieh MA, Salimimoghadam S, Nabavi N, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M, Hushmandi K. NF-ĸB axis in diabetic neuropathy, cardiomyopathy and nephropathy: A roadmap from molecular intervention to therapeutic strategies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29871. [PMID: 38707342 PMCID: PMC11066643 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic illness defined by elevated blood glucose levels, mediating various tissue alterations, including the dysfunction of vital organs. Diabetes mellitus (DM) can lead to many consequences that specifically affect the brain, heart, and kidneys. These issues are known as neuropathy, cardiomyopathy, and nephropathy, respectively. Inflammation is acknowledged as a pivotal biological mechanism that contributes to the development of various diabetes consequences. NF-κB modulates inflammation and the immune system at the cellular level. Its abnormal regulation has been identified in several clinical situations, including cancer, inflammatory bowel illnesses, cardiovascular diseases, and Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The purpose of this review is to evaluate the potential impact of NF-κB on complications associated with DM. Enhanced NF-κB activity promotes inflammation, resulting in cellular harm and compromised organ performance. Phytochemicals, which are therapeutic molecules, can potentially decline the NF-κB level, therefore alleviating inflammation and the progression of problems correlated with DM. More importantly, the regulation of NF-κB can be influenced by various factors, such as TLR4 in DM. Highlighting these factors can facilitate the development of novel therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parham Rahmanian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirreza Nemati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farima Sohrabifard
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Elahinia
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ranjbarpazuki
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rozhin Lashkarbolouki
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Dezfulian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Ye W, Han K, Xie M, Li S, Chen G, Wang Y, Li T. Mitochondrial energy metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy: Physiological adaption, pathogenesis, and therapeutic targets. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:936-948. [PMID: 38527931 PMCID: PMC11046025 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Diabetic cardiomyopathy is defined as abnormal structure and function of the heart in the setting of diabetes, which could eventually develop heart failure and leads to the death of the patients. Although blood glucose control and medications to heart failure show beneficial effects on this disease, there is currently no specific treatment for diabetic cardiomyopathy. Over the past few decades, the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy has been extensively studied, and an increasing number of studies pinpoint that impaired mitochondrial energy metabolism is a key mediator as well as a therapeutic target. In this review, we summarize the latest research in the field of diabetic cardiomyopathy, focusing on mitochondrial damage and adaptation, altered energy substrates, and potential therapeutic targets. A better understanding of the mitochondrial energy metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy may help to gain more mechanistic insights and generate more precise mitochondria-oriented therapies to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Kun Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Maodi Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Sheyu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Guideline and Rapid Recommendation, Cochrane China Center, MAGIC China Center, Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory of Mitochondria and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Li M, Liu L, Zhang C, Deng L, Zhong Y, Liao B, Li X, Wan Y, Feng J. The latest emerging drugs for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:641-654. [PMID: 38660817 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2347468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus involving multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms. In addition to hypoglycemic agents commonly used in diabetes, metabolism-related drugs, natural plant extracts, melatonin, exosomes, and rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are cardioprotective in DCM. However, there is a lack of systematic summarization of drugs for DCM. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors systematically summarize the most recent drugs used for the treatment of DCM and discusses them from the perspective of DCM pathophysiological mechanisms. EXPERT OPINION We discuss DCM drugs from the perspective of the pathophysiological mechanisms of DCM, mainly including inflammation and metabolism. As a disease with multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, the combination of drugs may be more advantageous, and we have discussed some of the current studies on the combination of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ying Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Song XM, Zhao MN, Li GZ, Li N, Wang T, Zhou H. Atorvastatin ameliorated myocardial fibrosis in db/db mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and modulating macrophage polarization. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1849-1861. [PMID: 38222782 PMCID: PMC10784803 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i12.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with diabetes mellitus (DM) suffer from multiple chronic complications due to sustained hyperglycemia, especially diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Oxidative stress and inflammatory cells play crucial roles in the occurrence and progression of myocardial remodeling. Macrophages polarize to two distinct phenotypes: M1 and M2, and such plasticity in phenotypes provide macrophages various biological functions. AIM To investigate the effect of atorvastatin on cardiac function of DCM in db/db mice and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS DCM mouse models were established and randomly divided into DM, atorvastatin, and metformin groups. C57BL/6 mice were used as the control. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining was used to examine the morphology and collagen fibers in myocardial tissues. The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β),M1 macrophages (iNOS+), and M2 macrophages (CD206+) were demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. The levels of TGF-β1, IL-1β, and TNF-α were detected by ELISA and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and superoxide dismutase (SOD) ac-tivities were also measured. RESULTS Treatment with atorvastatin alleviated cardiac dysfunction and decreased db/db mice. The broken myocardial fibers and deposition of collagen in the myocardial interstitium were relieved especially by atorvastatin treatment. Atorvastatin also reduced the levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, and troponin; lowered the levels of TGF-β1, TNF-α and IL-1β in serum and myocardium; decreased the concentration of MDA and increased SOD activity in myocardium of db/db mice; inhibited M1 macrophages; and promoted M2 macrophages. CONCLUSION Administration of atorvastatin attenuates myocardial fibrosis in db/db mice, which may be associated with the antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects of atorvastatin on diabetic myocardium through modulating macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Min Song
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Handan Central Hospital, Handan 056001, Hebei Province, China
| | - Meng-Nan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Gui-Zhi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
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Zhu ML, Yu YN, Song YT, Wang CY, Miao Z, Chen BL, Guo S, Shen MM, Zhang MX, Zhan HQ, Yang PF, Wang QQ, Yin YL, Li P. Cardioprotective role of A-cycloglycosylated derivative of Rubiadin in diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110008. [PMID: 36989899 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a kind of idiopathic heart disease, which is one of the main complications of diabetes and seriously threatens the life of diabetic patients. Rubiadin, an anthraquinone compound extracted from the stems and roots of rubiaceae, has been widely discussed for its anti-diabetes, anti-oxidation and other pharmacological effects. However, Rubiadin can cause drug-induced liver injury. Therefore, A-cycloglycosylated derivative of Rubiadin (ACDR) was obtained by modifying its structure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ACDR on DCM cardiac injury and its mechanism. The DCM animal model was established by streptozotocin, and the success of DCM was verified by blood glucose level, echocardiographic evidence of impaired myocardial functions along with enhanced myocardial fibrosis. We performed liver function tests, morphological staining of the heart and tests for oxidative stress to evaluate cardiac functional and structural changes. Finally, the expression of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1) protein was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and western bolt, and the expression of hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif 1 (Hey1) and P-p38 protein was detected by immunofluorescence chemistry and western blotting. The results showed that ACDR can improve cardiac dysfunction, reduce myocardial injury, reduce oxidative stress, and protect the liver in DCM rats. Interestingly, all variations were countered by LiCl. Our study suggests that, along with controlling hyperglycemia, ACDR may improve DCM by reducing NHE1 expression, further inhibiting P-p38 activity and increasing Hey1 expression to reduce oxidative stress.
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Longo M, Scappaticcio L, Cirillo P, Maio A, Carotenuto R, Maiorino MI, Bellastella G, Esposito K. Glycemic Control and the Heart: The Tale of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Continues. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020272. [PMID: 35204778 PMCID: PMC8961546 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in people with diabetes. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is an important complication of diabetes and represents a distinct subtype of heart failure that occurs in absence of cardiovascular diseases. Chronic hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia along with insulin resistance and inflammatory milieu are the main mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of DC. Changes in lifestyle favoring healthy dietary patterns and physical activity, combined with more innovative anti-diabetes therapies, are the current treatment strategies to safeguard the cardiovascular system. This review aims at providing an updated comprehensive overview of clinical, pathogenetic, and molecular aspects of DC, with a focus on the effects of anti-hyperglycemic drugs on the prevention of pump dysfunction and consequently on cardiovascular health in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Longo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Scappaticcio
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Paolo Cirillo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Antonietta Maio
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Raffaela Carotenuto
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Ida Maiorino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bellastella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Katherine Esposito
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (L.S.); (P.C.); (A.M.); (R.C.); (M.I.M.); (G.B.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08-156-65031
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Wei J, Zhao Y, Liang H, Du W, Wang L. Preliminary evidence for the presence of multiple forms of cell death in diabetes cardiomyopathy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1-17. [PMID: 35127369 PMCID: PMC8799881 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic mellitus (DM) is a common degenerative chronic metabolic disease often accompanied by severe cardiovascular complications (DCCs) as major causes of death in diabetic patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) as the most common DCC. The metabolic disturbance in DCM generates the conditions/substrates and inducers/triggers and activates the signaling molecules and death executioners leading to cardiomyocyte death which accelerates the development of DCM and the degeneration of DCM to heart failure. Various forms of programmed active cell death including apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagic cell death, autosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis and entosis have been identified and characterized in many types of cardiac disease. Evidence has also been obtained for the presence of multiple forms of cell death in DCM. Most importantly, published animal experiments have demonstrated that suppression of cardiomyocyte death of any forms yields tremendous protective effects on DCM. Herein, we provide the most updated data on the subject of cell death in DCM, critical analysis of published results focusing on the pathophysiological roles of cell death, and pertinent perspectives of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yongting Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Haihai Liang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Weijie Du
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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10
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Yao R, Cao Y, Jiang R, Zhang X, Li F, Wang S. Pharmacokinetic characteristics of hydroxysafflor yellow A in normal and diabetic cardiomyopathy mice. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5173. [PMID: 33982286 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a major active water-soluble component in Carthamus tinctorius L., is considered a potential antioxidant with protective effects against myocardial injury. However, its pharmacokinetic characteristics in normal and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) mice remain unknown. This study was designed to investigate the differences in the pharmacokinetics of HSYA between normal and streptozotocin-induced DCM mice. HSYA in the mouse plasma was quantified using LC-MS/MS. Compared with the normal group, the DCM group showed a significantly higher area under the curve (AUC(0-t) , AUC(0-∞) ) value and peak plasma concentration, suggesting a higher uptake of HSYA in the DCM mice, and a significantly lower plasma clearance and apparent volume of distribution, suggesting slower elimination of HSYA in the DCM mice. The levels of serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly higher, and malondialdehyde content was significantly lower in DCM mice than in normal mice, indicating the antioxidative stress effect of HSYA. Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed that the serum HSYA content in the DCM mice significantly positively correlated with antioxidant enzyme levels. These results showed that the pharmacokinetics of HSYA changed significantly in the DCM mice, and this may improve the antioxidative stress effect of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruibin Jiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Siwang Wang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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11
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Zhang M, Zhu NW, Ma WC, Chen MJ, Zheng L. Combined treatment with ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction technique and NM-aFGF-loaded PEG-nanoliposomes protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy-induced oxidative stress by activating the AKT/GSK-3β1/Nrf-2 pathway. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:938-952. [PMID: 32611270 PMCID: PMC8216439 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1785052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study sought to investigate the effect of non-mitogenic acidic fibroblast growth factor (NM-aFGF) loaded PEGylated nanoliposomes (NM-aFGF-PEG-lips) combined with the ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) technique on modulating diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM)and the mechanism involved. Animal studies showed that the diabetes mellitus (DM) group exhibited typical myocardial structural and functional changes of DCM. The indexes from the transthoracic echocardiography showed that the left ventricular function in the NM-aFGF-PEG-lips + UTMD group was significantly improved compared with the DM group. Histopathological observation further confirmed that the cardiomyocyte structural abnormalities and mitochondria ultrastructural changes were also significantly improved in the NM-aFGF-PEG-lips + UTMD group compared with DM group. The cardiac volume fraction (CVF) and apoptosis index in the NM-aFGF-PEG-lips + UTMD group decreased to 10.31 ± 0.76% and 2.16 ± 0.34, respectively, compared with those in the DM group (CVF = 21.4 ± 2.32, apoptosis index = 11.51 ± 1.24%). Moreover, we also found significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity as well as clearly decreased lipid hydroperoxide levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity in the NM-aFGF-PEG-lips + UTMD group compared with those in the DM group (p < .05). Western blot analysis further revealed the highest level of NM-aFGF, p-AKT, p-GSK-3β1, Nrf-2, SOD2 and NQO1 in the NM-aFGF-PEG-lips + UTMD group. This study confirmed using PEGylated nanoliposomes combined with the UTMD technique can effectively deliver NM-aFGF to the cardiac tissue of diabetic rats. The NM-aFGF can then inhibit myocardial oxidative stress damage due to DM by activating the AKT/GSK/Nrf-2 signaling pathway, which ultimately improved the myocardial structural and functional lesions in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Yinzhou NO.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Ning-Wei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Yinzhou NO.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Meng-Jia Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Yinzhou NO.2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Ultrasonography, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Ultrasonography, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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12
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Jia W, Bai T, Zeng J, Niu Z, Fan D, Xu X, Luo M, Wang P, Zou Q, Dai X. Combined Administration of Metformin and Atorvastatin Attenuates Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Inhibiting Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634900. [PMID: 33718370 PMCID: PMC7945946 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a common complication of diabetes mellitus, may eventually leads to irreversible heart failure. Metformin is the cornerstone of diabetes therapy, especially for type 2 diabetes. Statins are widely used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the combined administration of metformin and atorvastatin could achieve superior protective effects on DCM and to elucidate its molecular mechanism. Here, db/db mice (9–10 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups, including sterile water group (DM), metformin group (MET, 200 mg/kg/day), atorvastatin group (AVS, 10 mg/kg/day), and combination therapy group (MET + AVS). Mice were treated with different drugs via gavage once per day for 3 months. After 3 months of treatment, the pathological changes (inflammation, fibrosis, hypertrophy, and oxidative stress makers) were detected by histopathological techniques, as well as Western blotting. The H9C2 cardiomyocytes were treated with palmitate (PAL) to mimic diabetic condition. The cells were divided into control group, PAL treatment group, MET + PAL treatment group, AVS + PAL treatment group, and MET + AVS + PAL treatment group. The effects of MET and AVS on the cell viability and inflammation of H9C2 cells subjected to PAL condition were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blotting. Both MET and AVS prevented diabetes-induced fibrosis, hypertrophy, and inflammation. The combination therapy showed superior effects in protecting myocardial tissue against diabetes-induced injury. Mechanistically, the combination therapy significantly inhibited oxidative stress and the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins, e.g., NLRP3, caspase-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and P-p65/p65, in both cardiac tissues and H9C2 cells. TUNEL assay showed that the combination therapy significantly attenuated the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes; decreased the expression level of pro-apoptotic-related proteins, such as cleaved caspase-3 and BAX; and enhanced the expression level of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2). Furthermore, the combination therapy remarkably upregulated the expression levels of 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and SIRT1. Our findings indicated that the anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis effects of the combination therapy may be related to activation of AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikun Jia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiang Zeng
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zijing Niu
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Daogui Fan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiling Luo
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Peijian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingliang Zou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaozhen Dai
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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13
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Abdelrazik Soliman NG, Abdel-Hamid AA, El-Hawwary AA, Ellakkany A. Impact of liraglutide on microcirculation in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151533. [PMID: 32197755 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Liraglutide is a new therapy used in diabetes and its effect on diabetic complications particularly cardiovascular ones is still under investigated. In our research, we tried to study the effect of liraglutide on experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) induced by streptozotocin. We found that liraglutide nearly preserved normal myocardiac structure and significantly protected against myocardiac inflammation and fibrosis that was found in DCM group, p < 0.05. It also increased the density of coronary arteriolar vasculature markedly indicated by significant increase in α SMA (p < 0.05) compared to both DCM and non-diabetic (ND) groups. Moreover, liraglutide decreased TNFα and increased VEGF proteins expression (P < 0.05) compared to DCM group. Conclusion, liraglutide may have a very important role in protecting against experimentally induced diabetic cardiomyopathy by preventing the degenerative changes in the cardiomyocytes and the associated fibrosis, inflammation and decreased vasculature at structural and molecular levels.
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14
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Zhang SY, Yang KL, Long ZY, Li WQ, Huang HY. Use of a Systematic Pharmacological Methodology to Explore the Mechanism of Shengmai Powder in Treating Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e919029. [PMID: 32023237 PMCID: PMC7020766 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular complications, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), are the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Shengmai Powder (SMP) was found to have cardioprotective effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS Based on the systematic pharmacological methodology, this research determined the genes of DCM and the known targets of SMP, predicted potential compounds and targets of SMP, constructed networks for DCM and SMP, and performed network analysis. RESULTS Five network were constructed: (1) the DCM gene PPI network; (2) the Compound-compound target network of SMP; (3) the SMP-DCM PPI network; (4) the Compound-known target network of SMP; (5) and the SMP known target-DCM PPI network. Several DCM and treatment related targets, clusters, signaling pathways, and biological processes were found. CONCLUSIONS SMP is able to regulate glycometabolism-related, lipid metabolism-related, inflammatory response-related, oxidative stress-related signaling pathways, and biological processes and targets, which suggests that SMP may have a therapeutic effect on DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-ying Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group Luohu People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Kai-lin Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-yong Long
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Geriatric Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wei-qing Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital Group Luohu People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Hui-yong Huang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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15
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Abdel-Hamid AAM, Firgany AEDL. Impact of vildagliptin on vascular and fibrotic remodeling of myocardium in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151499. [PMID: 31889531 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.151499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) on myocardium in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains a matter of debate. In the current study we investigated the effect of vildagliptin (VILDA, 3 mg/kg/d) on myocardium of DCM focusing on coronary microcirculation as well as on endothelial stress markers (ICAM and VCAM). We divided animals equally into 4 groups; nondiabetic (ND), VILDA per se, DCM and DCM + VILDA and their myocardium was evaluated for the fibro-vascular remodeling immunohistochemically as well as for molecular changes. VILDA had reversed the histological changes occurred in DCM including the disintegration, degeneration, and steatosis of cardiomyocytes with disappearance of the edema fluid. In addition VILDA significantly increased (p < 0.05) density of the coronary microcirculation and relieved endothelial stress. However, it did not prevent the development of fibrotic remodeling including the increased collagen deposition and the significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) corresponding genes. Therefore VILDA may have a positive impact on the microvascular remodeling, but not on fibrotic changes, in DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A M Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt; Department of Anatomy, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah University, Almadina Almonawara, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alaa El-Din L Firgany
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unit of Anatomy, Unaizah College of Medicine, Qassim University, AlQassim, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Li S, Liu R, Xue M, Qiao Y, Chen Y, Long G, Tian X, Hu Y, Zhou P, Dong X, Qi Z, Cui Y, Shen Y. Spleen tyrosine kinase‑induced JNK‑dependent NLRP3 activation is involved in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:2481-2490. [PMID: 30942391 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a leading contributor to the increased morbidity and mortality rates associated with diabetes. Persistent inflammation has previously been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of DCM. However, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the role of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) in NLR family pyrin domain‑containing 3 (NLRP3 inflammasome) activation in DCM were investigated in vivo and in vitro. Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into Sprague‑Dawley rats to induce a rat model of diabetes. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cells were cultured to detect the expression of JNK, NLRP3 and its associated downstream molecules, following treatment with Syk/JNK inhibitor or Syk/JNK‑small interfering (si)RNA in high glucose (HG) conditions. It was revealed that the protein and mRNA expression levels of phospho (p)‑Syk, p‑JNK, NLRP3 and its associated downstream molecules, including interleukin (IL)‑1β, were upregulated in vivo and in vitro. The JNK inhibitor significantly decreased the expression of NLRP3 and its downstream molecules in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cells treated with HG. Furthermore, Syk‑siRNA and the Syk inhibitor markedly inhibited the HG‑induced activation of JNK, followed by the downregulation of NLRP3 and its downstream molecules at the mRNA and protein levels in cells. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the HG‑induced activation of NLRP3 was mediated by the activation of Syk/JNK, which subsequently increased the protein expression levels of mature IL‑1β, suggesting that the Syk/JNK/NLRP3 signaling pathway serves a critical role in the pathogenesis of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Li
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqing Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Meiting Xue
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Yingchun Qiao
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Guangfeng Long
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Xixi Tian
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Hu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Qi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Cui
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
| | - Yanna Shen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, P.R. China
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17
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Favorable outcomes of metformin on coronary microvasculature in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Mol Histol 2018; 49:639-649. [PMID: 30317407 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although metformin is widely prescribed in diabetes, its use with associated cardiac dysfunction remains debatable. In the current study, we investigated the effect of metformin on coronary microvasculature in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) induced by streptozotocin. Administration of metformin after induction of DCM, reversed almost all cardiomyocyte degenerative changes induced by DCM. Metformin diminished the significantly increased (p < 0.05) collagen deposited in the DCM. In addition metformin had improved the density of the significantly decreased arteriolar (αSMA+) and capillary (CD31+) coronary microvasculature compared to that of the DCM and non-diabetics (ND) with downregulation of the significantly increased expression (p < 0.05) of COL-I, III, TGF-β, CTGF, ICAM and VCAM genes. Therefore metformin may be beneficial in limiting the fibrotic and the vascular remodeling occurring in DCM at the genetic as well as the structural levels.
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18
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Chen L, Ji Q, Zhu H, Ren Y, Fan Z, Tian N. miR-30a attenuates cardiac fibrosis in rats with myocardial infarction by inhibiting CTGF. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4318-4324. [PMID: 29849775 PMCID: PMC5962866 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of miR-30a in myocardial fibrosis in rats with myocardial infarction (MI) was investigated. rAAV9-miR-30a was constructed and transfected to heart via injecting into the left ventricular cavity of MI rats. The sham operation group, control group, miR-30a group and miR-30a-NC group were established. Besides, the 3′-UTR of CTGF was inserted into luciferase expression plasmid (pMir-report), then transfected into COS1 cells. miR-30a and control miRNA were, respectively, cotransfected into COS1 cells. The expression of luciferase was detected before and after knockdown of the binding site of miR-30a and the 3′-UTR of CTGF. Four weeks after MI surgery, cardiac function was measured by color Doppler echocardiography, including short axis shortening (FS) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF); the myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF) was observed by Masson's staining; deposition of collagen I and collagen III were evaluated by immunohistochemical stain; using real-time PCR to detect expression levels of miR-30a and CTGF; the expression of CTGF was observed by western blotting. In MI group, cardiac function was significantly improved, while the expression levels of CVF, collagen I and III, the ratio of type I/III collagen, CTGF were significantly reduced. After knockdown the binding site of miR-30a and the 3′-UTR of CTGF, luciferase expression in COS1 cells decreased significantly. miR-30a might inhibit the expression of CTGF by directly combining with the 3′-UTR site of CTGF after MI, thereby reduce the production of collagen in myocardia, inhibit myocardial fibrosis, then improve cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Chen
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Qian Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Yizhi Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongguo Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Nailiang Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
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19
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Oi M, Donner D, Peart J, Beck B, Wendt L, Headrick JP, du Toit EF. Pravastatin improves risk factors but not ischaemic tolerance in obese rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 826:148-157. [PMID: 29501869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Statins are effective in management of dyslipidaemia, and a cornerstone of CVD prevention strategies. However, the impacts of their pleiotropic effects on other cardiovascular risk factors and myocardial responses to infarction are not well characterised. We hypothesised that pravastatin treatment in obesity improves lipid profiles, insulin-resistance and myocardial resistance to ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Wistar rats were fed a control (C) chow or high carbohydrate and fat diet (HCFD) for 16 weeks with vehicle or pravastatin (prava 7.5 mg/kg/day) treatment for 8 weeks. At 16 weeks HOMAs were performed, blood samples collected and hearts excised for Langendorff perfusions/biochemical analyses. Anti-oxidant activity and proteins regulating mitochondrial fission/fusion and apoptosis were assessed. The HCFD increased body weight (736±15 vs. 655±12 g for C; P<0.001), serum triglycerides (2.91±0.52 vs. 1.64±0.26 mmol/L for C; P<0.001) and insulin-resistance (HOMA- 6.9±0.8 vs. 4.2±0.5 for C; P<0.05) while prava prevented diet induced changes and paradoxically increased lipid peroxidation. The HCFD increased infarct size (34.1±3.1% vs. 18.8±3.0% of AAR for C; P<0.05), which was unchanged by prava in C and HCFD animals. The HCFD decreased cardiac TxR activity and mitochondrial MFN-1 and increased mitochondrial DRP-1 (reducing MFN-1:DRP-1 ratio) and Bax expression, with the latter changes prevented by prava. While unaltered by diet, cytosolic levels of Bax and caspase-3 were reduced by prava in C and HCFD hearts (without changes in cleaved caspase-3). We conclude that obesity, hyper-triglyceridemia and impaired glycemic control in HCFD rats are countered by prava. Despite improved risk factors, prava did not reduce myocardial infarct size, potentially reflecting its complex pleiotropic impacts on cardiac GPX activity and MFN-1, DRP-1, caspase-3 and Bcl-2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massa Oi
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Daniel Donner
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Jason Peart
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Belinda Beck
- School of Allied Health Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Lauren Wendt
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Eugene F du Toit
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
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20
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Ginkgo biloba Leaf Extract Protects against Myocardial Injury via Attenuation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic ApoE -/- Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2370617. [PMID: 29682154 PMCID: PMC5845491 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2370617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes was induced in high-fat diet-fed ApoE−/− mice via administration of low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) for five days. Mice were then treated with GBE (200 or 400 mg/kg) by gastric gavage daily for 12 weeks. Mice in the untreated diabetic group received saline instead, and nondiabetic C57BL/6J mice served as controls. Collagen І and ІІІ mRNA expression was measured by real-time PCR. TNF-α, IL-1β mRNA levels, and NF-κB expression were determined to analyze intramyocardial inflammation. Hallmarks of endoplasmic reticulum stress- (ERS-) related apoptosis pathways, including phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12, and cleaved caspase-3, were analyzed by Western blotting. Diabetic ApoE−/− myocardial injury was associated with increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis (increased expression of p-JNK, CHOP, caspase-12, and cleaved caspase-3), interstitial fibrosis (increased mRNA levels of collagen І and ІІІ), and inflammation (increased mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, and NF-κB expression). GBE at 200 and 400 mg/kg/day significantly attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis, collagen deposition, and inflammation in diabetic mice via inhibition of the p-JNK, CHOP, and caspase-12 pathways. Serum levels of the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α), blood glucose, and lipid profiles were also regulated by GBE treatment. GBE might be beneficial in the treatment of diabetic myocardial injury.
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Chung YR, Park SJ, Moon KY, Choi SA, Lim HS, Park SW, Kim JH, Lee K. Diabetic retinopathy is associated with diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:82. [PMID: 28683825 PMCID: PMC5500965 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and myocardial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes and dilated cardiomyopathy (dCMP). METHODS Data were collected retrospectively from 89 patients with dCMP (46 with type 2 diabetes and 43 without diabetes) and no evidence of coronary artery disease. Echocardiographic parameters and laboratory data, including lipid profiles and fundus findings, were obtained from medical records. A left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 40% was considered impaired systolic function, while an E/E' ratio greater than 15 was considered elevated left ventricular (LV) filling pressure. RESULTS Baseline characteristics show that LVEF was not significantly different between patients with and without diabetes or between diabetic patients with and without DR. Among the diastolic function parameters, patients with DR exhibited higher E/E' ratios (left ventricular filling pressures) than patients without DR (23.75 ± 13.37 vs 11.71 ± 3.50, P = 0.022). Logistic regression analysis revealed that statin use lowered the risk of impaired systolic dysfunction in all patients (odds ratio (OR) 0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.12-0.92, P = 0.034) and in patients with diabetes (OR 0.273, 95% CI 0.08-0.99, P = 0.049), while the presence of DR was associated with a higher risk of elevated LV filling filling pressure in patients with diabetes (OR 18.00, 95% CI 1.50-216.62, P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, DR was associated with elevated LV filling pressure in patients with dCMP. DR may not only represent microvascular long-term complications in patients with diabetes but may also be associated with more advanced form of diastolic dysfunction among diabetic patients with cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Ri Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Se-Jun Park
- Department of Cardiology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ka Young Moon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | | | - Hong-Seok Lim
- Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sung Wook Park
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Fight against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
| | - Kihwang Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
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Sun S, Yang S, Dai M, Jia X, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Mao Y. The effect of Astragalus polysaccharides on attenuation of diabetic cardiomyopathy through inhibiting the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in high glucose -stimulated H9C2 cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:310. [PMID: 28610566 PMCID: PMC5470251 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Apoptosis plays a critical role in the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), an extract of astragalus membranaceus (AM), is an effective cardioprotectant. Currently, little is known about the detailed mechanisms underlying cardioprotective effects of APS. The aims of this study were to investigate the potential effects and mechanisms of APS on apoptosis employing a model of high glucose induction of apoptosis in H9C2 cells. Methods A model of high glucose induction of H9C2 cell apoptosis was adopted in this research. The cell viabilities were analyzed by MTT assay, and the apoptotic response was quantified by flow cytometry. The expression levels of the apoptosis related proteins were determined by Real-time PCR and western blotting. Results Incubation of H9C2 cells with various concentrations of glucose (i.e., 5.5, 12.5, 25, 33 and 44 mmol/L) for 24 h revealed that cell viability was reduced by high glucose dose-dependently. Pretreatment of cells with APS could inhibit high glucose-induced H9C2 cell apoptosis by decreasing the expressions of caspases and the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytoplasm. Further experiments also showed that APS could modulate the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax in mitochondria. Conclusions APS decreases high glucose-induced H9C2 cell apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins of both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways and modulating the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax in mitochondria.
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Ren XM, Zuo GF, Wu W, Luo J, Ye P, Chen SL, Hu ZY. Atorvastatin Alleviates Experimental Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Regulating the GSK-3β-PP2Ac-NF-κB Signaling Axis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166740. [PMID: 27851811 PMCID: PMC5112957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies reported that atorvastatin (ATOR) alleviated progression of experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), possibly by protecting against apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of this protective effect remain unclear. Therefore, our study investigated the role of the glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β-protein phosphatase 2A(PP2A)-NF-κB signaling pathway in the anti-apoptotic and cardioprotective effects of ATOR on cardiomyocytes cultured in high glucose (HG) and in DCM. Our results showed that, in HG-cultured cardiomyocytes, phosphorylation of GSK-3β was decreased, while that of the PP2A catalytic subunit C (PP2Ac) and IKK/IкBα was increased, followed by NF-кB nuclear translocation and apoptosis. IKK/IкBα phosphorylation and NF-кB nuclear translocation were also increased by treatment of cells with okadaic acid (OA), a selective PP2A inhibitor, or by silencing PP2Ac expression. The opposite results were obtained by silencing GSK-3β expression, which resulted in PP2Ac activation. Furthermore, IKK/IкBα phosphorylation and NF-кB nuclear translocation were markedly inhibited and apoptosis attenuated in cells treated with ATOR. These effects occurred through inactivation of GSK-3β and subsequent activation of PP2Ac. They were abolished by treatment of cells with OA or PP2Ac siRNA. In mice with type 1 diabetes mellitus, treatment with ATOR, at 10 mg-kg−1-d−1, significantly suppressed GSK-3β activation, IKK/IкBα phosphorylation, NF-кB nuclear translocation and caspase-3 activation, while also activating PP2Ac. Finally, improvements in histological abnormalities, fibrosis, apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction were observed in diabetic mice treated with ATOR. These findings demonstrated that ATOR protected against HG-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes and alleviated experimental DCM by regulating the GSK-3β-PP2A-NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-min Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qinhuai, Nanjing 210006, P.R. China
| | - Guang-feng Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qinhuai, Nanjing 210006, P.R. China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qinhuai, Nanjing 210006, P.R. China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qinhuai, Nanjing 210006, P.R. China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qinhuai, Nanjing 210006, P.R. China
| | - Shao-liang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qinhuai, Nanjing 210006, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (SLC); (ZYH)
| | - Zuo-ying Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qinhuai, Nanjing 210006, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (SLC); (ZYH)
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Cheng WP, Lo HM, Wang BW, Chua SK, Lu MJ, Shyu KG. Atorvastatin alleviates cardiomyocyte apoptosis by suppressing TRB3 induced by acute myocardial infarction and hypoxia. J Formos Med Assoc 2016; 116:388-397. [PMID: 27645622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE TRB3 (tribbles 3), an apoptosis-regulated gene, increases during endoplasmic reticulum stress. Hypoxia can induce inflammatory mediators and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. However, the expression of TRB3 in cardiomyocyte apoptosis under hypoxia is not thoroughly known. We investigated the regulation mechanism of TRB3 expression and apoptosis induced by hypoxia in cardiomyocytes. METHODS An in vivo model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was applied in adult Wistar rats to induce myocardial hypoxia. Rat neonatal cardiomyocytes were subjected to 2.5% O2 to induce hypoxia. RESULTS The expression of TRB3 was evaluated in cultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia. Hypoxia significantly enhanced TRB3 protein and mRNA expression. Adding c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125, JNK small interfering RNA (siRNA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antibody, and atorvastatin 30 minutes before hypoxia reversed the induction of TRB3 protein. A gel-shift assay showed the DNA-binding activity of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153), which increased after hypoxia. Hypoxia increased, whereas the TRB3-mut plasmid, SP600125, and TNF-α antibody abolished the hypoxia-induced TRB3 promoter activity. Hypoxia increased the secretion of TNF-α from cardiomyocytes. Exogenous administration of TNF-α recombinant protein to the cardiomyocytes without hypoxia increased TRB3 protein expression, similar to that observed after hypoxia. Hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis is inhibited by TRB3 siRNA, the TNF-α antibody, and atorvastatin. Atorvastatin reduced the TRB3 expression and cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by AMI. Hypoxia induces TRB3 through TNF-α, JNK, and the GADD153 pathway. CONCLUSION Treatment of atorvastatin inhibits the expression of TRB3 and cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by AMI and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Pin Cheng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Ming Lo
- Division of Cardiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Bao-Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Kiat Chua
- Division of Cardiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of General Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Lu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kou-Gi Shyu
- Division of Cardiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ji L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chang W, Gong J, Wei S, Li X, Qin L. The antioxidant edaravone prevents cardiac dysfunction by suppressing oxidative stress in type 1 diabetic rats and in high-glucose-induced injured H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:996-1006. [PMID: 27376621 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Edaravone, a radical scavenger, has been recognized as a potential protective agent for cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about the effect of edaravone in cardiac complications associated with diabetes. Here, we have demonstrated that edaravone prevents cardiac dysfunction and apoptosis in the streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rat heart. Mechanistic studies revealed that edaravone treatment improved cardiac function and restored superoxide dismutase levels. In addition, treatment of diabetic animals by edaravone increased protein expressions of sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator α (PGC-1α), nuclear factor like-2 (NRF-2), and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and reduced protein expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 compared to the control group. High glucose incubation resulted in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death. Treatment of high-glucose-incubated H9c2 cells by edaravone reduced ROS production and cell death. In addition, the treatment of high-glucose-incubated H9c2 cells by edaravone increased the activity of antioxidative stress by increasing SIRT-1, PGC-1α, and NRF-2, and this treatment also reduced apoptosis by increasing Bcl-2 expression and reducing Bax and Caspase-3 expressions. Knockdown SIRT-1 with small interferer RNA abolished the effects of edaravone. Overall, our data demonstrated that edaravone may be an effective agent against the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ji
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Department of Cardiology, Changchun Central Hospital, Changchun 130051, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Nephrology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wenguang Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Junli Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Changchun Central Hospital, Changchun 130051, China
| | - Shengnan Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Changchun Central Hospital, Changchun 130051, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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