1
|
Neumann J, Hesse C, Yahiaoui S, Dallemagne P, Rochais C, Hofmann B, Gergs U. Studies on the mechanisms of action of MR33317. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03226-0. [PMID: 38856912 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
MR33317 was synthesized as an acetylcholinesterase-inhibitor and an agonist at brain 5-HT4-receptors. MR33317 might be used to treat Morbus Alzheimer. This therapeutic action of MR33317 might be based on MR33317´s dual synergistic activity. We tested the hypothesis that MR33317 also stimulates 5-HT4-receptors in the heart. MR33317 (starting at 10 nM) increased force of contraction and beating rate in isolated atrial preparations from mice with cardiac confined overexpression of the human 5-HT4-serotonin receptor (5-HT4-TG) but was inactive in wild type mouse hearts (WT). Only in the presence of the phosphodiesterase III-inhibitor cilostamide, MR33317 raised force of contraction under isometric conditions in isolated paced (1 Hz) human right atrial preparations (HAP). This increase in force of contraction in human atrium by MR33317 was attenuated by 10 µM tropisetron or GR125487. These data suggest that MR33317 is an agonist at human 5-HT4-serotonin receptors in the human atrium. Clinically, one would predict that MR33317 may lead to atrial fibrillation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - C Hesse
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - S Yahiaoui
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN CERMN (Centre d'Etudes Et de Recherche Sur Le Médicament de Normandie), 14032, Caen, France
| | - P Dallemagne
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN CERMN (Centre d'Etudes Et de Recherche Sur Le Médicament de Normandie), 14032, Caen, France
| | - C Rochais
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN CERMN (Centre d'Etudes Et de Recherche Sur Le Médicament de Normandie), 14032, Caen, France
| | - B Hofmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Mid-German Heart Center, University Hospital Halle, Ernst-Grube Straße 40, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - U Gergs
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 4, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu B, Wang Y, Bahriz SMFM, Zhao M, Zhu C, Xiang YK. Probing spatiotemporal PKA activity at the ryanodine receptor and SERCA2a nanodomains in cardomyocytes. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:143. [PMID: 36104752 PMCID: PMC9472443 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSpatiotemporal regulation of subcellular protein kinase A (PKA) activity for precise substrate phosphorylation is essential for cellular responses to hormonal stimulation. Ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) and (sarco)endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) represent two critical targets of β adrenoceptor (βAR) signaling on the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane for cardiac excitation and contraction coupling. Using novel biosensors, we show that cardiac β1AR signals to both RyR2 and SERCA2a nanodomains in cardiomyocytes from mice, rats, and rabbits, whereas the β2AR signaling is restricted from these nanodomains. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) and PDE3 control the baseline PKA activity and prevent β2AR signaling from reaching the RyR2 and SERCA2a nanodomains. Moreover, blocking inhibitory G protein allows β2AR signaling to the RyR2 but not the SERCA2a nanodomains. This study provides evidence for the differential roles of inhibitory G protein and PDEs in controlling the adrenergic subtype signaling at the RyR2 and SERCA2a nanodomains in cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
|
3
|
Itami T, Hanazono K, Makita K, Yamashita K. Cardiovascular effects of intravenous pimobendan in dogs with acute respiratory acidosis. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2022; 32:341-349. [PMID: 35080109 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acidosis decreases myocardial contractile and myofibrillar responsiveness by reducing the calcium sensitivity of contractile proteins, which could reduce the effectiveness of pimobendan. We aimed to assess the cardiovascular effects of pimobendan in dogs subjected to acute respiratory acidosis. DESIGN Randomized crossover study with a 2-week washout period. SETTING University Laboratory. ANIMALS Six healthy research Beagle dogs. INTERVENTIONS Anesthetized dogs were administered 2 doses of IV pimobendan during conditions of eucapnia (Paco2 35-40 mm Hg) and hypercapnia (Paco2 90-110 mm Hg). Eucapnia was maintained by positive pressure ventilation and hypercapnia was induced by adding exogenous CO2 to the anesthesia circuit. Heart rate (HR), systemic arterial blood pressure, cardiac output (CO), systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance (SVR and PVR, respectively), and pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) were measured at baseline and 60 min after administering 0.125 mg/kg (low) and 0.25 mg/kg (high) pimobendan intravenously. Blood gas and biochemical analyses were performed at baseline and at the end of the experiment. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The median baseline blood pH was 7.41 (range: 7.33-7.45) and 7.03 (range: 6.98-7.09) under conditions of eucapnia and hypercapnia, respectively. The serum concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine and the HR, CO, and PAP were higher, and SVR was lower at baseline in hypercapnic dogs. Pimobendan dose-dependently increased CO in eucapnia (baseline: 3.6 ± 0.2 L/kg/m2 [mean ± SE], low: 5.0 ± 0.4 L/kg/m2 , high: 5.8 ± 0.5 L/kg/m2 , P < 0.001) and hypercapnia (baseline: 4.9 ± 0.5 L/kg/m2 , low: 5.8 ± 0.5 L/kg/m2 , high: 6.2 ± 0.5 L/kg/m2 , P < 0.001), and increased HR and decreased SVR and PVR under both conditions (P < 0.001). In hypercapnia, the degree of increase or decrease of these cardiovascular measurements (except for PAP) by pimobendan was less than that in the eucapnic dogs. CONCLUSIONS Pimobendan maintains function as an inodilator in anesthetized dogs with induced respiratory acidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Itami
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Hanazono
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Kohei Makita
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Kazuto Yamashita
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Long-Timescale Simulations Revealed Critical Non-Conserved Residues of Phosphodiesterases Affecting Selectivity of BAY60-7550. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:5136-5149. [PMID: 36187927 PMCID: PMC9508422 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A major obstacle of the selective inhibitor design for specific human phosphodiesterase (PDE) is that highly conserved catalytic pockets are difficult to be distinguished by inhibitor molecules. To overcome this, a feasible path is to understand the molecular determinants underlying the selectivity of current inhibitors. BAY60-7550 (BAY for short; IC50 = 4.7 nM) is a highly selective inhibitor targeting PDE2A which is a dual-specificity PDE and an attractive target for therapeutic intervention of the central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Recent studies suggest that molecular determinants may be in binding processes of BAY. However, a detailed understanding of these processes are still lacking. To explore these processes, High-Throughput Molecular Dynamics (HTMD) simulations were performed to reproduce the spontaneous association of BAY with catalytic pockets of 4 PDE isoforms; Ligand Gaussian Accelerated Molecular Dynamics (LiGaMD) simulations were performed to reproduce the unbinding-rebinding processes of FKG and 10.13039/100016266MC2, two pyrazolopyrimidinone PDE2A selective inhibitors, in the PDE2A system. The produced molecular trajectories were analyzed by the Markov state model (MSM) and the molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA). The results showed that the non-covalent interactions between the non-conserved residues and BAY, especially the hydrogen bonds, determined the unique binding pathways of BAY on the surface of PDE2A. These pathways were different from those of BAY on the surface of the other three PDE isoforms and the binding pathways of the other two PDE2A inhibitors in PDE2A systems. These differences were ultimately reflected in the high selectivity of this inhibitor for PDE2A. As a result, this study demonstrates the critical role of the binding processes in the selectivity of BAY, and also identifies the key non-conserved residues affecting the binding processes of BAY. Thus, this study provides a new perspective and data support for the further development of BAY-derived inhibitors targeting PDE2A.
Collapse
|
5
|
Pyrazole Scaffold Synthesis, Functionalization, and Applications in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease Treatment (2011-2020). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051202. [PMID: 33668128 PMCID: PMC7956461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The remarkable prevalence of pyrazole scaffolds in a versatile array of bioactive molecules ranging from apixaban, an anticoagulant used to treat and prevent blood clots and stroke, to bixafen, a pyrazole-carboxamide fungicide used to control diseases of rapeseed and cereal plants, has encouraged both medicinal and organic chemists to explore new methods in developing pyrazole-containing compounds for different applications. Although numerous synthetic strategies have been developed in the last 10 years, there has not been a comprehensive overview of synthesis and the implication of recent advances for treating neurodegenerative disease. This review first presents the advances in pyrazole scaffold synthesis and their functionalization that have been published during the last decade (2011-2020). We then narrow the focus to the application of these strategies in the development of therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases, particularly for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD).
Collapse
|
6
|
Briasoulis A, Inampudi C, Hatzis G, Asleh R. Management of Patients with Heart Failure: Focus on New Pharmaceutical and Device Options. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4522-4535. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190523083747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hospitalization rates and survival of patients with Heart Failure (HF) have improved.
However, 5-year mortality rates remain high and the prevalence of the disease is rising likely due to
aging of the population and advances in diagnosis and treatment of other acute and chronic cardiovascular
diseases. Over the past three decades the therapeutic armamentarium of heart failure has improved
substantially with development of medications targeting neuro-hormonal activation and devices
preventing sudden cardiac death and improving cardiac synchrony. Recently, inhibition of angiotensin
receptors and neprilysin as well as sinoatrial pacemaker modulating f-current, have been
found safe and effective strategies that improve HF hospitalization rates and/or mortality. Antidiabetic
agents inhibiting sodium-glucose co-transporters 2, result in natriuresis and osmotic diuresis
and may further improve HF related outcomes. Furthermore, emerging therapies such as cardiac myosin
activators, soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor
antagonists are undergoing investigation in phase II and III studies of HF patients. Finally, rapid evolution
of in the management of advanced HF has occurred with the application of second and third
generation continuous flow left ventricular assist devices in clinical practice. Ongoing clinical studies
will validate the safety and efficacy of emerging therapeutic strategies in HF population underrepresented
in previous clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Briasoulis
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Section of Heart Failure and Transplant, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Chakradhari Inampudi
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Section of Heart Failure and Transplant, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Georgios Hatzis
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Section of Heart Failure and Transplant, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Rabea Asleh
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ren YS, Li LF, Peng T, Tan YJ, Sun Y, Cheng GL, Zhang GM, Li J. The effect of milrinone on mortality in adult patients who underwent CABG surgery: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials with a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:328. [PMID: 32640988 PMCID: PMC7346403 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As an inodilator, milrinone is commonly used for patients who undergo coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery because of its effectiveness in decreasing the cardiac index and mitral regurgitation. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing studies from the past 20 years to evaluate the impact of milrinone on mortality in patients who undergo CABG surgery. Methods We performed a systematic literature search on the application of milrinone in patients who underwent CABG surgery in studies published between 1997 and 2017 in BioMed Central, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register. The included studies evaluated milrinone groups compared to groups receiving either placebo or standard treatment and further compared the systemic administration. Results The network meta-analysis included 723 patients from 16 randomized clinical trials. Overall, there was no significant difference in mortality between the milrinone group and the placebo/standard care group when patients underwent CABG surgery. In addition, 9 trials (with 440 randomized patients), 4 trials (with 212 randomized patients), and 10 trials (with 470 randomized patients) reported that the occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI), myocardial ischemia, and arrhythmia was lower in the milrinone group than in the placebo/standard care group. Between the milrinone treatment and placebo/standard care groups, the occurrence of myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia, and arrhythmia was significantly different. However, the occurrence of stroke and renal failure, the duration of inotropic support (h), the need for an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), and mechanical ventilation (h) between these two groups showed no differences. Conclusions Based on the current results, compared with placebo, milrinone might be unable to decrease mortality in adult CABG surgical patients but can significantly ameliorate the occurrence of MI, myocardial ischemia, and arrhythmia. These results provide evidence for the further clinical application of milrinone and of therapeutic strategies for CABG surgery. However, along with milrinone application in clinical use, sufficient data from randomized clinical trials need to be collected, and the potential benefits and adverse effects should be analyzed and reevaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Ren
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Lan-Fang Li
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Yu-Jun Tan
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Guo-Liang Cheng
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Gui-Min Zhang
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Jie Li
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Linyi, China. .,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Sucharov CC, Nakano SJ, Slavov D, Schwisow JA, Rodriguez E, Nunley K, Medway A, Stafford N, Nelson P, McKinsey TA, Movsesian M, Minobe W, Carroll IA, Taylor MRG, Bristow MR. A PDE3A Promoter Polymorphism Regulates cAMP-Induced Transcriptional Activity in Failing Human Myocardium. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 73:1173-1184. [PMID: 30871701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) gene encodes a PDE that regulates cardiac myocyte cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and myocardial contractile function. PDE3 inhibitors (PDE3i) are used for short-term treatment of refractory heart failure (HF), but do not produce uniform long-term benefit. OBJECTIVES The authors tested the hypothesis that drug target genetic variation could explain clinical response heterogeneity to PDE3i in HF. METHODS PDE3A promoter studies were performed in a cloned luciferase construct. In human left ventricular (LV) preparations, mRNA expression was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and PDE3 enzyme activity by cAMP-hydrolysis. RESULTS The authors identified a 29-nucleotide (nt) insertion (INS)/deletion (DEL) polymorphism in the human PDE3A gene promoter beginning 2,214 nt upstream from the PDE3A1 translation start site. Transcription factor ATF3 binds to the INS and represses cAMP-dependent promoter activity. In explanted failing LVs that were homozygous for PDE3A DEL and had been treated with PDE3i pre-cardiac transplantation, PDE3A1 mRNA abundance and microsomal PDE3 enzyme activity were increased by 1.7-fold to 1.8-fold (p < 0.05) compared with DEL homozygotes not receiving PDE3i. The basis for the selective up-regulation in PDE3A gene expression in DEL homozygotes treated with PDE3i was a cAMP response element enhancer 61 nt downstream from the INS, which was repressed by INS. The DEL homozygous genotype frequency was also enriched in patients with HF. CONCLUSIONS A 29-nt INS/DEL polymorphism in the PDE3A promoter regulates cAMP-induced PDE3A gene expression in patients treated with PDE3i. This molecular mechanism may explain response heterogeneity to this drug class, and may inform a pharmacogenetic strategy for a more effective use of PDE3i in HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C Sucharov
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Stephanie J Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Dobromir Slavov
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jessica A Schwisow
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Erin Rodriguez
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Karin Nunley
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Allen Medway
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Natalie Stafford
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Penny Nelson
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Matthew Movsesian
- Cardiology Section, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Wayne Minobe
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Matthew R G Taylor
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael R Bristow
- Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Institute, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; ARCA Biopharma, Westminster, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Monteagudo-Vela M, Panoulas V, Fernandez-Garda R, Garcia-Saez D, Simon A. Combined Use of Left Ventricular Assist Device, Extra Corporeal Life Support and Impella RP. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2019; 20:67-69. [PMID: 31526659 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Monteagudo-Vela
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Harefield Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, Middlessex, UK.
| | - Vasileios Panoulas
- Department of Cardiology, Harefield Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, Middlessex, UK
| | - Rita Fernandez-Garda
- Department of Intensive Care, Harefield Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, Middlessex, UK
| | - Diana Garcia-Saez
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Harefield Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, Middlessex, UK
| | - Andre Simon
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Harefield Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield, Middlessex, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Synergic PDE3 and PDE4 control intracellular cAMP and cardiac excitation-contraction coupling in a porcine model. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 133:57-66. [PMID: 31158360 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are important modulators of the cardiac response to β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation. PDE3 is classically considered as the major cardiac PDE in large mammals and human, while PDE4 is preponderant in rodents. However, it remains unclear whether PDE4 also plays a functional role in large mammals. Our purpose was to understand the role of PDE4 in cAMP hydrolysis and excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) in the pig heart, a relevant pre-clinical model. METHODS AND RESULTS Real-time cAMP variations were measured in isolated adult pig right ventricular myocytes (APVMs) using a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor. ECC was investigated in APVMs loaded with Fura-2 and paced at 1 Hz allowing simultaneous measurement of intracellular Ca2+ and sarcomere shortening. The expression of the different PDE4 subfamilies was assessed by Western blot in pig right ventricles and APVMs. Similarly to PDE3 inhibition with cilostamide (Cil), PDE4 inhibition with Ro 20-1724 (Ro) increased cAMP levels and inotropy under basal conditions. PDE4 inhibition enhanced the effects of the non-selective β-AR agonist isoprenaline (Iso) and the effects of Cil, and increased spontaneous diastolic Ca2+ waves (SCWs) in these conditions. PDE3A, PDE4A, PDE4B and PDE4D subfamilies are expressed in pig ventricles. In APVMs isolated from a porcine model of repaired tetralogy of Fallot which leads to right ventricular failure, PDE4 inhibition also exerts inotropic and pro-arrhythmic effects. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that PDE4 controls ECC in APVMs and suggest that PDE4 inhibitors exert inotropic and pro-arrhythmic effects upon PDE3 inhibition or β-AR stimulation in our pre-clinical model. Thus, PDE4 inhibitors should be used with caution in clinics as they may lead to arrhythmogenic events upon stress.
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Q, Herrmann A, Huang Q. Surface Binding Energy Landscapes Affect Phosphodiesterase Isoform-Specific Inhibitor Selectivity. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 17:101-109. [PMID: 30719238 PMCID: PMC6349013 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As human phosphodiesterase (PDE) proteins are attractive drug targets, a large number of selective PDE inhibitors have been developed. However, since the catalytic sites of PDE isoforms are conserved in sequence and structure, it remains unclear how these inhibitors discriminate PDE isoforms in a selective manner. Here we perform long-time scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the spontaneous association processes of a highly selective PDE2A inhibitor (BAY60–7550) with the catalytic pockets of six PDE isoforms. We found that the free-energy landscapes of PDE:BAY60–7550 interactions on the PDE surfaces are very different between various PDE isoforms; and the free-energy landscape of PDE2A forms a favorable low-energy pathway that not only drives BAY60–7550 toward the target binding site, but also guides BAY60–7750 to adopt its native binding conformation known from crystal structure. Thus, this study reveals that the inhibitor interactions with the PDE surface residues play an important role in its high selectivity for PDE2A, and thereby provides new fundamental insights into the PDE isoform-specific inhibitor selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Institute for Biology and IRI Lifesciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Qiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hori Y, Taira H, Nakajima Y, Ishikawa Y, Yumoto Y, Maekawa Y, Oshiro A. Inotropic effects of a single intravenous recommended dose of pimobendan in healthy dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 81:22-25. [PMID: 30404952 PMCID: PMC6361644 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of an injectable pimobendan solution (0.15 mg/kg) on cardiac function in healthy dogs. Fifteen dogs were divided into placebo, intravenous pimobendan injection, and subcutaneous pimobendan injection groups. In the placebo, the heart rate, systolic and end-diastolic left ventricular pressure (LVPs and LVEDP), and peak positive (max dP/dt) and negative (min dP/dt) first derivatives of the left ventricular pressure did not change for 60 min. After the intravenous pimobendan injection, LVEDP decreased significantly within 5 min, while the max dP/dt increased, and the effects continued until 60 min. In comparison, there were no hemodynamic changes after the subcutaneous pimobendan injection. This study demonstrates that injectable pimobendan induced a rapid inotropic effect and decreased the LVEDP in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hori
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midori-machi, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroto Taira
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midori-machi, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakajima
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midori-machi, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yusyun Ishikawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midori-machi, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Yumoto
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midori-machi, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yuya Maekawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midori-machi, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Akiko Oshiro
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midori-machi, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Konstam MA, Kiernan MS, Bernstein D, Bozkurt B, Jacob M, Kapur NK, Kociol RD, Lewis EF, Mehra MR, Pagani FD, Raval AN, Ward C. Evaluation and Management of Right-Sided Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2018; 137:e578-e622. [DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose:
The diverse causes of right-sided heart failure (RHF) include, among others, primary cardiomyopathies with right ventricular (RV) involvement, RV ischemia and infarction, volume loading caused by cardiac lesions associated with congenital heart disease and valvular pathologies, and pressure loading resulting from pulmonic stenosis or pulmonary hypertension from a variety of causes, including left-sided heart disease. Progressive RV dysfunction in these disease states is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this scientific statement is to provide guidance on the assessment and management of RHF.
Methods:
The writing group used systematic literature reviews, published translational and clinical studies, clinical practice guidelines, and expert opinion/statements to summarize existing evidence and to identify areas of inadequacy requiring future research. The panel reviewed the most relevant adult medical literature excluding routine laboratory tests using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science through September 2017. The document is organized and classified according to the American Heart Association to provide specific suggestions, considerations, or reference to contemporary clinical practice recommendations.
Results:
Chronic RHF is associated with decreased exercise tolerance, poor functional capacity, decreased cardiac output and progressive end-organ damage (caused by a combination of end-organ venous congestion and underperfusion), and cachexia resulting from poor absorption of nutrients, as well as a systemic proinflammatory state. It is the principal cause of death in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Similarly, acute RHF is associated with hemodynamic instability and is the primary cause of death in patients presenting with massive pulmonary embolism, RV myocardial infarction, and postcardiotomy shock associated with cardiac surgery. Functional assessment of the right side of the heart can be hindered by its complex geometry. Multiple hemodynamic and biochemical markers are associated with worsening RHF and can serve to guide clinical assessment and therapeutic decision making. Pharmacological and mechanical interventions targeting isolated acute and chronic RHF have not been well investigated. Specific therapies promoting stabilization and recovery of RV function are lacking.
Conclusions:
RHF is a complex syndrome including diverse causes, pathways, and pathological processes. In this scientific statement, we review the causes and epidemiology of RV dysfunction and the pathophysiology of acute and chronic RHF and provide guidance for the management of the associated conditions leading to and caused by RHF.
Collapse
|
15
|
Hinske LC, Hoechter DJ, Schröeer E, Kneidinger N, Schramm R, Preissler G, Tomasi R, Sisic A, Frey L, von Dossow V, Scheiermann P. Predicting the Necessity for Extracorporeal Circulation During Lung Transplantation: A Feasibility Study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017; 31:931-938. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
16
|
Nitric oxide: A new possible biomarker in heart failure? Relationship with pulmonary hypertension secondary to left heart failure. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2017; 29:120-126. [PMID: 28389034 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a growing medical problem and it is of interest to study new biomarkers for better characterisation. In this sense, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated, along with their possible predictive value in patients with HF. An analysis was also performed on the potential differences between patients with and without secondary pulmonary hypertension (SPH), considered to have a worse prognosis. A significant decrease of nitric oxide and SOD was noted in HF, whereas ROS and NADPH were increased. These results agree with the pathophysiological changes characteristic of HF. It was also demonstrated that in patients with HF and SPH that nitric oxide and SOD were decreased when compared to HF without SPH, whereas ROS and NADPH were increased. Therefore, our results suggest that nitric oxide, ROS, NADPH, and SOD, could be considered as possible markers in HF, and could also characterise patients with SPH.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lomivorotov VV, Efremov SM, Kirov MY, Fominskiy EV, Karaskov AM. Low-Cardiac-Output Syndrome After Cardiac Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016; 31:291-308. [PMID: 27671216 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Lomivorotov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Sergey M Efremov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail Y Kirov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Fominskiy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander M Karaskov
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bobin P, Varin A, Lefebvre F, Fischmeister R, Vandecasteele G, Leroy J. Calmodulin kinase II inhibition limits the pro-arrhythmic Ca2+ waves induced by cAMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 110:151-61. [PMID: 26851245 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS A major concern of using phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors in heart failure is their potential to increase mortality by inducing arrhythmias. By diminishing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) hydrolysis, they promote protein kinase A (PKA) activity under β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation, hence enhancing Ca(2+) cycling and contraction. Yet, cAMP also activates CaMKII via PKA or the exchange protein Epac, but it remains unknown whether these pathways are involved in the pro-arrhythmic effect of PDE inhibitors. METHODS AND RESULTS Excitation-contraction coupling was investigated in isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes loaded with Fura-2 and paced at 1 Hz allowing coincident measurement of intracellular Ca(2+) and sarcomere shortening. The PDE4 inhibitor Ro 20-1724 (Ro) promoted the inotropic effects of the non-selective β-AR agonist isoprenaline (Iso) and also spontaneous diastolic Ca(2+) waves (SCWs). PDE4 inhibition potentiated RyR2 and PLB phosphorylation at specific PKA and CaMKII sites increasing sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) load and SR Ca(2+) leak measured in a 0Na(+)/0Ca(2+) solution ± tetracaine. PKA inhibition suppressed all the effects of Iso ± Ro, whereas CaMKII inhibition prevented SR Ca(2+) leak and diminished SCW incidence without affecting the inotropic effects of Ro. Inhibition of Epac2 but not Epac1 diminished the occurrence of SCWs. PDE3 inhibition with cilostamide induced an SR Ca(2+) leak, which was also blocked by CaMKII inhibition. CONCLUSION Our results show that PDE inhibitors exert inotropic effects via PKA but lead to SCWs via both PKA and CaMKII activation partly via Epac2, suggesting the potential use of CaMKII inhibitors as adjuncts to PDE inhibition to limit their pro-arrhythmic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bobin
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Audrey Varin
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Florence Lefebvre
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Rodolphe Fischmeister
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Grégoire Vandecasteele
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jérôme Leroy
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li J, Zhang X, Jin H, Fan J, Flores H, Perlmutter JS, Tu Z. Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) Inhibitors and the In Vivo Evaluation of F-18 Labeled PDE10A PET Tracers in Rodent and Nonhuman Primate. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8584-600. [PMID: 26430878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of fluorine-containing PDE10A inhibitors were designed and synthesized to improve the metabolic stability of [(11)C]MP-10. Twenty of the 22 new analogues had high potency and selectivity for PDE10A: 18a-j, 19d-j, 20a-b, and 21b had IC50 values <5 nM for PDE10A. Seven F-18 labeled compounds [(18)F]18a-e, [(18)F]18g, and [(18)F]20a were radiosynthesized by (18)F-introduction onto the quinoline rather than the pyrazole moiety of the MP-10 pharmacophore and performed in vivo evaluation. Biodistribution studies in rats showed ~2-fold higher activity in the PDE10A-enriched striatum than nontarget brain regions; this ratio increased from 5 to 30 min postinjection, particularly for [(18)F]18a-d and [(18)F]20a. MicroPET studies of [(18)F]18d and [(18)F]20a in nonhuman primates provided clear visualization of striatum with suitable equilibrium kinetics and favorable metabolic stability. These results suggest this strategy may identify a (18)F-labeled PET tracer for quantifying the levels of PDE10A in patients with CNS disorders including Huntington's disease and schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Department of Radiology and ‡Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology and ‡Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Hongjun Jin
- Department of Radiology and ‡Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Jinda Fan
- Department of Radiology and ‡Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Hubert Flores
- Department of Radiology and ‡Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Radiology and ‡Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Zhude Tu
- Department of Radiology and ‡Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Higuchi T, Kawaguchi Y, Takagi K, Tochimoto A, Ota Y, Katsumata Y, Ichida H, Hanaoka M, Kawasumi H, Tochihara M, Yamanaka H. Sildenafil attenuates the fibrotic phenotype of skin fibroblasts in patients with systemic sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2015; 161:333-8. [PMID: 26387628 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multi-organ fibrotic disease that affects the skin and various internal organs. Therapeutic strategies for tissue fibrosis have not been established; however, aberrantly activated fibroblasts in affected lesions are key targets for modulating fibrosis. Recently, increased intracellular cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels were demonstrated to improve fibrosis levels in various diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the anti-fibrotic properties of cGMP in cultured fibroblasts from patients with SSc. The phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibitor sildenafil increased the intracellular cGMP levels in skin fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Sildenafil treatment also significantly decreased the expression of several pro-fibrotic factors that were upregulated by TGF-β1 treatment in SSc skin fibroblasts. These inhibitory effects occurred via non-canonical TGF-β signaling. Our findings revealed that sildenafil might be a novel strategy to treat tissue fibrosis and vasculopathy in SSc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Higuchi
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan.
| | - Kae Takagi
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Akiko Tochimoto
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Yuko Ota
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Katsumata
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Hisae Ichida
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Masanori Hanaoka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Kawasumi
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Mari Tochihara
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamanaka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 10-22 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0054, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Constantinescu AA, Caliskan K, Manintveld OC, van Domburg R, Jewbali L, Balk AHMM. Weaning from inotropic support and concomitant beta-blocker therapy in severely ill heart failure patients: take the time in order to improve prognosis. Eur J Heart Fail 2015; 16:435-43. [PMID: 24464574 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Beta-blockers improve the prognosis in heart failure (HF), but their introduction may seem impossible in patients dependent on inotropic support. However, many of these patients can be titrated on beta-blockers, but there is little evidence of successful clinical strategies. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed the records of inotropy-dependent patients referred for assessment for heart transplantation. Thirty-six patients (45%) could not be weaned (NW) and underwent left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation or transplantation, or died. However, 44 (55%) were successfully weaned (SW). Neither the aetiology (ischaemic vs. non-ischaemic) nor cardiac indexes were different in the SW as compared with the NW group (2.27±0.5 vs. 2.15±0.6 L/min/m2). The NW patients had lower LVEF (15±5% vs. 19±5%, P=0.001), higher right atrial pressure (12±6 vs. 8±6 mmHg, P=0.02), and more severe mitral regurgitation (P<0.001) than the SW patients. At discharge, 35 of 44 SW patients were receiving beta-blockers. In 29 of them, a beta-blocker could only be initiated or continued during concomitant support with i.v. enoximone for a duration of 14.1±7.2 days. Patients discharged on a beta-blocker had an LVAD/transplantation-free cumulative survival of 71% during a follow-up of 2074±201 days (confidence interval 1679–2470). CONCLUSION It takes time to put severely ill HF patients on beta-blockers and it may require bridging with inotropes which are independent of beta-adrenergic receptors. Whether such a strategy may result in a better clinical outcome warrants further research.
Collapse
|
22
|
Britton RG, Kovoor C, Brown K. Direct molecular targets of resveratrol: identifying key interactions to unlock complex mechanisms. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1348:124-33. [PMID: 26099829 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To truly understand the mechanisms through which resveratrol exerts its biological effects, the key direct interactions between resveratrol and its target biomolecules must be identified. With an increasing number of biochemical tools to measure and quantify direct physical interactions between biomolecules, there have been around 20 proteins identified as having a specific affinity to resveratrol to date. Resveratrol has been described as a promiscuous molecule, and one would expect it to bind with numerous proteins, which would help explain why resveratrol appears to have so many health benefits and has been shown to act upon various different pathways related to a diverse range of conditions. The aim of this review is to present the direct protein targets of resveratrol that are currently known and highlight the consequences of direct binding and the methods used to identify the nature of these interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Britton
- Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Kovoor
- Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Brown
- Department of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang H, Murigi FN, Wang Z, Li J, Jin H, Tu Z. Synthesis and in vitro characterization of cinnoline and benzimidazole analogues as phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 25:919-24. [PMID: 25592707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen cinnoline analogues and six benzimidazole phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitors were synthesized as potential PET radiopharmaceuticals and their in vitro activity as PDE10A inhibitors was determined. Nine out of twenty-one compounds were potent inhibitors of PDE10A with IC50 values ranging from 1.5 to 18.6nM. Notably, the IC50 values of compounds 26a, 26b, and 33c were 1.52±0.18, 2.86±0.10, and 3.73±0.60nM, respectively; these three compounds also showed high in vitro selectivity (>1000-fold) for PDE10A over PDE 3A/3B, PDE4A/4B. The high potency and selectivity of these three compounds suggests that they could be radiolabeled with PET radionuclides for further evaluation of their in vivo pharmacological behavior and ability to quantify PDE10A in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Francis N Murigi
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Hongjun Jin
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Zhude Tu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lymperopoulos A, Garcia D, Walklett K. Pharmacogenetics of cardiac inotropy. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 15:1807-1821. [PMID: 25493572 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to stimulate cardiac contractility is known as positive inotropy. Endogenous hormones, such as adrenaline and several natural or synthetic compounds possess this biological property, which is invaluable in the modern cardiovascular therapy setting, especially in acute heart failure or in cardiogenic shock. A number of proteins inside the cardiac myocyte participate in the molecular pathways that translate the initial stimulus, that is, the hormone or drug, into the effect of increased contractility (positive inotropy). Genetic variations (polymorphisms) in several genes encoding these proteins have been identified and characterized in humans with potentially significant consequences on cardiac inotropic function. The present review discusses these polymorphisms and their effects on cardiac inotropy, along with the individual pharmacogenomics of the most important positive inotropic agents in clinical use today. Important areas for future investigations in the field are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- From the Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nova Southeastern University College of Pharmacy, 3200 S. University Drive, HPD (Terry) Bldg/Room 1338, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nakano SJ, Miyamoto SD, Movsesian M, Nelson P, Stauffer BL, Sucharov CC. Age-related differences in phosphodiesterase activity and effects of chronic phosphodiesterase inhibition in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail 2014; 8:57-63. [PMID: 25278000 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.114.001218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the application of proven adult heart failure therapies to children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC), prognosis remains poor. Clinical experience with phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitors (PDE3i) in pediatric patients with IDC, however, demonstrates improved heart failure symptoms without the increased incidence of sudden death seen in adults treated with PDE3i. We sought to determine age-related differences in PDE activity and associated intracellular signaling responsible for the efficacy and relative safety of chronic PDE3i in pediatric heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS cAMP levels, PDE activity, and phospholamban phosphorylation (pPLB) were determined in explanted human left ventricular myocardium (pediatric n=41; adult n=88). Adults and children with IDC (not treated with PDE3i) had lower cAMP and pPLB compared with nonfailing controls. In contrast to their adult counterparts, pediatric IDC patients chronically treated with PDE3i had elevated cAMP (P=0.0403) and pPLB (P=0.0119). In addition, total PDE- and PDE3-specific activities were not altered in pediatric IDC patients on PDE3i, whereas adult IDC patients on PDE3i demonstrated higher total PDE-specific (74.6±13.8 pmol/mg per minute) and PDE3-specific (48.2±15.9 pmol/mg per minute) activities in comparison with those of nonfailing controls (59.5±14.4 and 35.5±12.8 pmol/mg per minute, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Elevated cAMP and higher pPLB may contribute to sustained hemodynamic benefits in pediatric IDC patients treated with PDE3i. In contrast, higher total PDE and PDE3 activities in adult IDC patients treated with PDE3i may perpetuate lower myocardial cAMP and pPLB levels, limiting the potential benefits of PDE3i therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Nakano
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (S.J.N., S.D.M.); Cardiology Section, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System and the Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Pharmacology, University of Utah School of Medicine (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (P.N., B.L.S., C.C.S.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, CO (B.L.S.)
| | - Shelley D Miyamoto
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (S.J.N., S.D.M.); Cardiology Section, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System and the Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Pharmacology, University of Utah School of Medicine (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (P.N., B.L.S., C.C.S.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, CO (B.L.S.)
| | - Matthew Movsesian
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (S.J.N., S.D.M.); Cardiology Section, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System and the Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Pharmacology, University of Utah School of Medicine (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (P.N., B.L.S., C.C.S.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, CO (B.L.S.)
| | - Penny Nelson
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (S.J.N., S.D.M.); Cardiology Section, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System and the Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Pharmacology, University of Utah School of Medicine (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (P.N., B.L.S., C.C.S.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, CO (B.L.S.)
| | - Brian L Stauffer
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (S.J.N., S.D.M.); Cardiology Section, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System and the Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Pharmacology, University of Utah School of Medicine (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (P.N., B.L.S., C.C.S.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, CO (B.L.S.)
| | - Carmen C Sucharov
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora (S.J.N., S.D.M.); Cardiology Section, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System and the Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Pharmacology, University of Utah School of Medicine (M.M.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora (P.N., B.L.S., C.C.S.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, CO (B.L.S.).
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ahmad F, Murata T, Shimizu K, Degerman E, Maurice D, Manganiello V. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: important signaling modulators and therapeutic targets. Oral Dis 2014; 21:e25-50. [PMID: 25056711 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
By catalyzing hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases are critical regulators of their intracellular concentrations and their biological effects. As these intracellular second messengers control many cellular homeostatic processes, dysregulation of their signals and signaling pathways initiate or modulate pathophysiological pathways related to various disease states, including erectile dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, acute refractory cardiac failure, intermittent claudication, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and psoriasis. Alterations in expression of PDEs and PDE-gene mutations (especially mutations in PDE6, PDE8B, PDE11A, and PDE4) have been implicated in various diseases and cancer pathologies. PDEs also play important role in formation and function of multimolecular signaling/regulatory complexes, called signalosomes. At specific intracellular locations, individual PDEs, together with pathway-specific signaling molecules, regulators, and effectors, are incorporated into specific signalosomes, where they facilitate and regulate compartmentalization of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways and specific cellular functions. Currently, only a limited number of PDE inhibitors (PDE3, PDE4, PDE5 inhibitors) are used in clinical practice. Future paths to novel drug discovery include the crystal structure-based design approach, which has resulted in generation of more effective family-selective inhibitors, as well as burgeoning development of strategies to alter compartmentalized cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways by selectively targeting individual PDEs and their signalosome partners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Ahmad
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hwang W, Kim E. The effect of milrinone on induced hypotension in elderly patients during spinal surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Spine J 2014; 14:1532-7. [PMID: 24331842 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Induced hypotension is widely used intraoperatively to reduce blood loss and to improve the surgical field during spinal surgery. PURPOSE To determine the effect of milrinone on induced hypotension during spinal surgery in elderly patients. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Prospective randomized clinical trial. PATIENT SAMPLE Forty patients, 60 to 70 years old, ASA I-II, who underwent elective lumbar fusion surgery. OUTCOME MEASURES Intraoperative hemodynamics, blood loss, hourly urine output, and grade of surgical field. METHODS All patients were randomized to group M or N. The study drug was infused after perivertebral muscle retraction until complete interbody fusion. In group M, 50 μg/kg/min of milrinone was infused over 10 minutes as a loading dose followed by 0.6 μg/kg/min of milrinone as a continuous dose. In group N, an identical volume of normal saline was infused in the same fashion. This study was not funded by commercial or other sponsorship and the authors confirm no conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise. RESULTS During infusion of the study drug, the systolic and mean blood pressures were maintained within adequate limits of induced hypotension in group M. Intraoperative blood loss was 445.0±226.5 mL in group M and 765.0±339.2 mL in group N (p=.001). Hourly urine output was 1.4±0.6 mL in group M and 0.8±0.2 mL in group N (p<.001). The grade of the surgical field was better in group M than in group N (p=.004). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that milrinone is useful for induced hypotension in elderly patients during spinal surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wonjung Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 202 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea
| | - Eunsung Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, 202 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Oikawa M, Wu M, Lim S, Knight WE, Miller CL, Cai Y, Lu Y, Blaxall BC, Takeishi Y, Abe JI, Yan C. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 3A1 protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 64:11-9. [PMID: 23988739 PMCID: PMC3869570 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) is a major regulator of cAMP in cardiomyocytes. PDE3 inhibitors are used for acute treatment of congestive heart failure, but are associated with increased incidence of arrhythmias and sudden death with long-term use. We previously reported that chronic PDE3A downregulation or inhibition induced myocyte apoptosis in vitro. However, the cardiac protective effect of PDE3A has not been demonstrated in vivo in disease models. In this study, we examined the role of PDE3A in regulating myocardial function and survival in vivo using genetically engineered transgenic mice with myocardial overexpression of the PDE3A1 isozyme (TG). TG mice have reduced cardiac function characterized by reduced heart rate and ejection fraction (52.5±7.8% vs. 83.9±4.7%) as well as compensatory expansion of left ventricular diameter (4.19±0.19mm vs. 3.10±0.18mm). However, there was no maladaptive increase of fibrosis and apoptosis in TG hearts compared to wild type (WT) hearts, and the survival rates also remained the same. The diminution of cardiac contractile function is very likely attributed to a decrease in beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) response in TG mice. Importantly, the myocardial infarct size (4.0±1.8% vs. 24.6±3.8%) and apoptotic cell number (1.3±1.0% vs. 5.6±1.5%) induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury were significantly attenuated in TG mice. This was associated with decreased expression of inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) and increased expression of anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2. To further verify the anti-apoptotic effects of PDE3A1, we performed in vitro apoptosis study in isolated adult TG and WT cardiomyocytes. We found that the apoptotic rates stimulated by hypoxia/reoxygenation or H2O2 were indeed significantly reduced in TG myocytes, and the differences between TG and WT myocytes were completely reversed in the presence of the PDE3 inhibitor milrinone. These together indicate that PDE3A1 negatively regulates β-AR signaling and protects against I/R injury by inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Oikawa
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Meiping Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shanghai Hospital of TCM, Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Soyeon Lim
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Walter E. Knight
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Clint L. Miller
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yujun Cai
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yan Lu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Burns C. Blaxall
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yasuchika Takeishi
- Fukushima Medical University, Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima city, Fukushima prefecture, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Konstantinou DM, Chatzizisis YS, Giannoglou GD. Pathophysiology-based novel pharmacotherapy for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 140:156-66. [PMID: 23792088 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure has become increasingly prevalent and poses a significant socioeconomic burden in the developed world. Approximately half of heart failure patients have preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and experience an increased morbidity and mortality attributed to the lack of effective therapies and to the presence of comorbidities. Suppression of neurohormonal activation by beta-blockers and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors is the cornerstone in the pharmacotherapy of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, these medications are not associated with significant clinical benefit in HFpEF. In this review, we provide an in-depth pathophysiology-based update on novel pharmacotherapies of HFpEF. A deeper insight into the pathophysiologic mechanisms of HFpEF may create opportunities for novel pharmacological interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios M Konstantinou
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece; Heart Failure Care Group, The Royal Brompton Hospital, London Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shipley EA, Hogan DF, Fiakpui NN, Magee AN, III HWG, Sederquist KA. In vitro effect of pimobendan on platelet aggregation in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:403-7. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.3.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
31
|
Abstract
Despite major improvements in the treatment of virtually all cardiac disorders, heart failure (HF) is an exception, in that its prevalence is rising, and only small prolongations in survival are occurring. An increasing fraction, especially older women with diabetes, obesity, and atrial fibrillation exhibit HF with preserved systolic function. Several pathogenetic mechanisms appear to be operative in HF. These include increased hemodynamic overload, ischemia-related dysfunction, ventricular remodeling, excessive neurohumoral stimulation, abnormal myocyte calcium cycling, excessive or inadequate proliferation of the extracellular matrix, accelerated apoptosis, and genetic mutations. Biomarkers released as a consequence of myocardial stretch, imbalance between formation and breakdown of extracellular matrix, inflammation, and renal failure are useful in the identification of the pathogenetic mechanism and, when used in combination, may become helpful in estimating prognosis and selecting appropriate therapy. Promising new therapies that are now undergoing intensive investigation include an angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, a naturally-occurring vasodilator peptide, a myofilament sensitizer and several drugs that enhance Ca++ uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Cell therapy, using autologous bone marrow and cardiac progenitor cells, appears to be promising, as does gene therapy. Chronic left ventricular assistance with continuous flow pumps is being applied more frequently and successfully as destination therapy, as a bridge to transplantation, and even as a bridge to recovery and explantation. While many of these therapies will improve the care of patients with HF, significant reductions in prevalence will require vigorous, multifaceted, preventive approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Braunwald
- TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ye Y, Birnbaum Y. Cyclic AMP-mediated pleiotropic effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation. Focus on "Exendin-4 attenuates high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of SERCA2a". Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 304:C505-7. [PMID: 23364263 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00419.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
33
|
Beca S, Ahmad F, Shen W, Liu J, Makary S, Polidovitch N, Sun J, Hockman S, Chung YW, Movesian M, Murphy E, Manganiello V, Backx PH. Phosphodiesterase type 3A regulates basal myocardial contractility through interacting with sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase type 2a signaling complexes in mouse heart. Circ Res 2013; 112:289-97. [PMID: 23168336 PMCID: PMC3579621 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE cAMP is an important regulator of myocardial function, and regulation of cAMP hydrolysis by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) is a critical determinant of the amplitude, duration, and compartmentation of cAMP-mediated signaling. The role of different PDE isozymes, particularly PDE3A vs PDE3B, in the regulation of heart function remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine the relative contribution of PDE3A vs PDE3B isozymes in the regulation of heart function and to dissect the molecular basis for this regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Compared with wild-type littermates, cardiac contractility and relaxation were enhanced in isolated hearts from PDE3A(-/-), but not PDE3B(-/-), mice. Furthermore, PDE3 inhibition had no effect on PDE3A(-/-) hearts but increased contractility in wild-type (as expected) and PDE3B(-/-) hearts to levels indistinguishable from PDE3A(-/-). The enhanced contractility in PDE3A(-/-) hearts was associated with cAMP-dependent elevations in Ca(2+) transient amplitudes and increased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) content, without changes in L-type Ca(2+) currents of cardiomyocytes, as well as with increased SR Ca(2+)-ATPase type 2a activity, SR Ca(2+) uptake rates, and phospholamban phosphorylation in SR fractions. Consistent with these observations, PDE3 activity was reduced ≈8-fold in SR fractions from PDE3A(-/-) hearts. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments further revealed that PDE3A associates with both SR calcium ATPase type 2a and phospholamban in a complex that also contains A-kinase anchoring protein-18, protein kinase type A-RII, and protein phosphatase type 2A. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the conclusion that PDE3A is the primary PDE3 isozyme modulating basal contractility and SR Ca(2+) content by regulating cAMP in microdomains containing macromolecular complexes of SR calcium ATPase type 2a-phospholamban-PDE3A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Beca
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Faiyaz Ahmad
- The Cardiovascular Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda
| | - Weixing Shen
- The Cardiovascular Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Samy Makary
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- Division of Cardiology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario
| | | | - Junhui Sun
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda
| | - Steven Hockman
- The Cardiovascular Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda
| | - Youn Wook Chung
- The Cardiovascular Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda
| | - Matthew Movesian
- Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Elizabeth Murphy
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda
| | - Vincent Manganiello
- The Cardiovascular Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda
| | - Peter H. Backx
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- Division of Cardiology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
van Berlo JH, Maillet M, Molkentin JD. Signaling effectors underlying pathologic growth and remodeling of the heart. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:37-45. [PMID: 23281408 DOI: 10.1172/jci62839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of mortality in the Western world. The heart responds to many cardiopathological conditions with hypertrophic growth by enlarging individual myocytes to augment cardiac pump function and decrease ventricular wall tension. Initially, such cardiac hypertrophic growth is often compensatory, but as time progresses these changes become maladaptive. Cardiac hypertrophy is the strongest predictor for the development of heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden death. Here we discuss therapeutic avenues emerging from molecular and genetic studies of cardiovascular disease in animal models. The majority of these are based on intracellular signaling pathways considered central to pathologic cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy, which then leads to heart failure. We focus our discussion on selected therapeutic targets that have more recently emerged and have a tangible translational potential given the available pharmacologic agents that could be readily evaluated in human clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jop H van Berlo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li J, Jin H, Zhou H, Rothfuss J, Tu Z. Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of pyrazole group-containing analogues for PDE10A. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013; 4:443-449. [PMID: 23585921 DOI: 10.1039/c2md20239e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Twenty eight new analogues were synthesized by optimizing the structure of MP-10 and their in vitro binding affinities towards PDE10A, PDE3A/B, and PDE4A/B were determined. Among these new analogues, 10a, 10b, 10d, 11a, 11b and 11d are very potent towards PDE10A and have IC50 values of 0.40 ± 0.02, 0.28 ± 0.06, 1.82 ± 0.25, 0.24 ± 0.05, 0.36 ± 0.03 and 1.78 ± 0.03 nM respectively; these six compounds displayed high selectivity for PDE10A versus PDE3A/3B/4A/4B. The promising compounds will be further validated in vivo to identify PDE10A imaging tracers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; ; Tel: +1-314-362-8487
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zangrillo A, Biondi-Zoccai G, Ponschab M, Greco M, Corno L, Covello RD, Cabrini L, Bignami E, Melisurgo G, Landoni G. Milrinone and Mortality in Adult Cardiac Surgery: A Meta-analysis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2012; 26:70-7. [PMID: 21943792 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
37
|
Cvelich RG, Roberts SC, Brown JN. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors as adjunctive therapy in the management of systolic heart failure. Ann Pharmacother 2011; 45:1551-8. [PMID: 22116990 DOI: 10.1345/aph.1q421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the efficacy and safety of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors in the treatment of patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HF). DATA SOURCES Literature was retrieved through MEDLINE (1966-September 2011) and EMBASE (1980-September 2011), using the medical subject heading terms heart failure and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil. Focus was placed on multidose trials of patients with systolic HF, because of these trials' greater strength of clinical evidence. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION All English-language, peer-reviewed publications were analyzed for relevance. Studies appropriate to the objective were evaluated, including 4 multidose trials investigating the effect of sildenafil on cardiovascular function. DATA SYNTHESIS In patients with New York Heart Association class II or III HF, treatment with sildenafil was associated with improvements in cardiac index, right ventricular ejection fraction, and other markers of cardiovascular function, as well as reduced pulmonary arterial pressure. Study durations ranged from 4 weeks to 1 year, and the studies used varying doses of sildenafil, ranging from 75 to 225 mg/day, in divided doses. The most common adverse effects associated with sildenafil therapy were headache and flushing. CONCLUSIONS Based on current studies, sildenafil appears to be well tolerated and can improve markers of cardiovascular and pulmonary function in patients with HF. PDE5 inhibitors may be a therapeutic option for patients who cannot tolerate standard therapy for HF or who remain symptomatic with standard therapy. Larger long-term trials are necessary to better understand the role of PDE5 inhibitors in HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramonna G Cvelich
- Pharmacy Department, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ückert S, Waldkirch ES, Sonnenberg JE, Sandner P, Kuczyk MA, Hedlund P. Expression and Distribution of Phosphodiesterase Isoenzymes in the Human Seminal Vesicles. J Sex Med 2011; 8:3058-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
39
|
Morrissey RP, Czer L, Shah PK. Chronic heart failure: current evidence, challenges to therapy, and future directions. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2011; 11:153-71. [PMID: 21619379 DOI: 10.2165/11592090-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome characterized by the inability of the heart to maintain a normal cardiac output without elevated intracardiac filling pressures, resulting in signs of pulmonary and peripheral edema and symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue. Central to the management of HF is a multifaceted pharmacological intervention to abate the harmful counter-regulatory effects of neurohormonal activation and avid salt and water retention. Whereas up to 40 years ago HF was managed with diuretics and leaf of digitalis, the cornerstones of therapy for HF patients with systolic dysfunction now include ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (angiotensin receptor blockers), β-adrenoceptor antagonists (β-blockers), and aldosterone antagonists, which have significantly improved survival. However, with the increasing number of beneficial therapies, there are challenges to implementing all of them. Specific cardiomyopathies also merit specific considerations with respect to treatment, and - unfortunately - there is no therapy for HF with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction that has been shown to improve survival. Although mortality has improved in HF, the biggest challenge to treatment lies in addressing the morbidity of this disease, which is now the most common reason for hospital admission in our aged population. As such, there are many therapies that may serve to improve the quality of life of HF patients. Future HF treatment regimens may include direct cellular therapy via hormone and cytokine signaling or cardiac regeneration through growth factors or cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Morrissey
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Part 2: Design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationships of dual PDE3/4-inhibitory pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines with anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5451-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
41
|
Zhang Z, Lu X, Xu J, Rothfuss J, Mach RH, Tu Z. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of new analogues as inhibitors for phosphodiesterase 10A. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3986-95. [PMID: 21705115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A series of analogues were synthesized by optimizing the structure of papaverine. The in vitro PDE10A binding affinity (IC(50)) values for these new analogues were measured; for compounds that have IC(50) value less than 60 nM for PDE10A, the binding affinities (IC(50) value) for PDE3A and PDE3B were tested. Of these analogues, compounds 6a, 6b, 6n, 8b, 8c and 11 displayed relatively higher PDE10A potency with IC(50) value in the range of 28-60 nM. The most potent compound 1-(4-(2-(2-fluoroethoxy)ethoxy)-3-methoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinoline (8c) has the IC(50) value of 28 ± 1.2 nM for PDE10A, 2200 ± 437 nM for PDE3A and 2520 ± 210 nM for PDE3B. Compared to papaverine, compound 8c displayed similar PDE10A potency but improved selectivity to PDE10A versus PDE3A and PDE3B. To identify high potent PDE10A inhibitor, further optimization of the structures of these analogues is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanbin Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Allcock RW, Blakli H, Jiang Z, Johnston KA, Morgan KM, Rosair GM, Iwase K, Kohno Y, Adams DR. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Part 1: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of pyrazolopyridine-pyridazinone PDE inhibitors developed from ibudilast. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3307-12. [PMID: 21530250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ibudilast [1-(2-isopropylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)-2-methylpropan-1-one] is a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor used clinically to treat asthma. Efforts to selectively develop the PDE3- and PDE4-inhibitory activity of ibudilast led to replacement of the isopropyl ketone by a pyridazinone heterocycle. Structure-activity relationship exploration in the resulting 6-(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)pyridazin-3(2H)-ones revealed that the pyridazinone lactam functionality is a critical determinant for PDE3-inhibitory activity, with the nitrogen preferably unsubstituted. PDE4 inhibition is strongly promoted by introduction of a hydrophobic substituent at the pyridazinone N(2) centre and a methoxy group at C-7' in the pyrazolopyridine. Migration of the pyridazinone ring connection from the pyrazolopyridine 3'-centre to C-4' strongly enhances PDE4 inhibition. These studies establish a basis for development of potent PDE4-selective and dual PDE3/4-selective inhibitors derived from ibudilast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Allcock
- Chemistry Department, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Francis SH, Blount MA, Corbin JD. Mammalian Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases: Molecular Mechanisms and Physiological Functions. Physiol Rev 2011; 91:651-90. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The superfamily of cyclic nucleotide (cN) phosphodiesterases (PDEs) is comprised of 11 families of enzymes. PDEs break down cAMP and/or cGMP and are major determinants of cellular cN levels and, consequently, the actions of cN-signaling pathways. PDEs exhibit a range of catalytic efficiencies for breakdown of cAMP and/or cGMP and are regulated by myriad processes including phosphorylation, cN binding to allosteric GAF domains, changes in expression levels, interaction with regulatory or anchoring proteins, and reversible translocation among subcellular compartments. Selective PDE inhibitors are currently in clinical use for treatment of erectile dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, intermittent claudication, and chronic pulmonary obstructive disease; many new inhibitors are being developed for treatment of these and other maladies. Recently reported x-ray crystallographic structures have defined features that provide for specificity for cAMP or cGMP in PDE catalytic sites or their GAF domains, as well as mechanisms involved in catalysis, oligomerization, autoinhibition, and interactions with inhibitors. In addition, major advances have been made in understanding the physiological impact and the biochemical basis for selective localization and/or recruitment of specific PDE isoenzymes to particular subcellular compartments. The many recent advances in understanding PDE structures, functions, and physiological actions are discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharron H. Francis
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Medicine-Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mitsi A. Blount
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Medicine-Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jackie D. Corbin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Medicine-Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Compounds that inhibit the catalytic activity of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases are used as therapeutic agents to increase intracellular cAMP and/or cGMP content in cells or tissues of interest. In patients with heart failure, inhibitors of enzymes in the PDE3 family of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases are used to raise intracellular cAMP content in cardiac muscle, with inotropic actions. These drugs are effective in acute applications, but their long-term use has been complicated by an increase in cardiovascular mortality in clinical trials. Inhibitors of enzymes in the PDE5 family have been used to raise cGMP content in cardiac muscle in animal models of pressure overload, chronic β-adrenergic receptor stimulation, ischemic injury, and doxorubicin toxicity, and have been shown to have antihypertrophic and cardioprotective actions. Recent experimental results raise some question as to the likely applicability of these findings to humans, in whose hearts PDE5 is present at much lower levels than those seen in animal models, and raise the possibility of PDE1, a dual-specificity phosphodiesterase present at high levels in human myocardium, as an alternative target for inotropic and cardioprotective actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Movsesian
- Cardiology Section, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 500 Foothill Boulevard, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Vandeput F, Krall J, Ockaili R, Salloum FN, Florio V, Corbin JD, Francis SH, Kukreja RC, Movsesian MA. cGMP-hydrolytic activity and its inhibition by sildenafil in normal and failing human and mouse myocardium. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 330:884-91. [PMID: 19546307 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.154468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In mouse models of cardiac disease, the type 5 (PDE5)-selective cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor sildenafil has antihypertrophic and cardioprotective effects attributable to the inhibition of cGMP hydrolysis. To investigate the relevance of these findings to humans, we quantified cGMP-hydrolytic activity and its inhibition by sildenafil in cytosolic and microsomal preparations from the left ventricular myocardium of normal and failing human hearts. The vast majority of cGMP-hydrolytic activity was attributable to PDE1 and PDE3. Sildenafil had no measurable effect on cGMP hydrolysis at 10 nM, at which it is selective for PDE5, but it had a marked effect on cGMP and cAMP hydrolysis at 1 microM, at which it inhibits PDE1. In contrast, in preparations from the left ventricles of normal mice and mice with heart failure resulting from coronary artery ligation, the effects of sildenafil on cGMP hydrolysis were attributable to inhibition of both PDE5 and PDE1; PDE5 comprised approximately 22 and approximately 43% of the cytosolic cGMP-hydrolytic activity in preparations from normal and failing mouse hearts, respectively. These differences in PDE5 activities in human and mouse hearts call into question the extent to which the effects of sildenafil in mouse models are likely to be applicable in humans and raise the possibility of PDE1 as an alternative therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Vandeput
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|