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Wybraniec MT, Mizia‐Szubryt M, Cichoń M, Wrona‐Kolasa K, Kapłon‐Cieślicka A, Gawałko M, Budnik M, Uziębło‐Życzkowska B, Krzesiński P, Starzyk K, Gorczyca‐Głowacka I, Daniłowicz‐Szymanowicz L, Kaufmann D, Wójcik M, Błaszczyk R, Hiczkiewicz J, Łojewska K, Kosmalska K, Fijałkowski M, Szymańska A, Wiktorska A, Haberka M, Kucio M, Michalski B, Kupczyńska K, Tomaszuk‐Kazberuk A, Wilk‐Śledziewska K, Wachnicka‐Truty R, Koziński M, Burchardt P, Mizia‐Stec K. Heart failure and the risk of left atrial thrombus formation in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:4064-4076. [PMID: 36039813 PMCID: PMC9773653 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of left atrial thrombus (LAT) on transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) in patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter (AF/AFl) with reference to the presence of heart failure (HF) and its subtypes. METHODS AND RESULTS The research is a sub-study of the multicentre, prospective, observational Left Atrial Thrombus on Transoesophageal Echocardiography (LATTEE) registry, which comprised 3109 consecutive patients with AF/AFl undergoing TOE prior to direct current cardioversion or catheter ablation. TOE parameters, including presence of LAT, were compared between patients with and without HF and across different subtypes of HF, including HF with preserved (HFpEF), mid-range (HFmrEF), and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). HF was diagnosed in 1336 patients (43%). HF patients had higher prevalence of LAT than non-HF patients (12.8% vs. 4.4%; P < 0.001). LAT presence increased with more advanced type of systolic dysfunction (HFpEF vs. HFmrEF vs. HFrEF: 7.4% vs. 10.5% vs. 20.3%; P < 0.001). Univariate analysis revealed that HFrEF (odds ratio [OR] 4.13; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 3.13-5.46), but not HFmrEF or HFpEF, was associated with the presence of LAT. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that lower left ventricular ejection fraction (OR per 1%: 0.94; 95% CI 0.93-0.95) was an independent predictor of LAT formation. Receiver operator characteristic analysis showed LVEF ≤48% adequately predicted increased risk of LAT presence (area under the curve [AUC] 0.74; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The diagnosis of HFrEF, but neither HFmrEF nor HFpEF, confers a considerable risk of LAT presence despite widespread utilization of adequate anticoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej T. Wybraniec
- ‘Club 30’Polish Cardiac SocietyWarsawPoland,First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine in KatowiceMedical University of SilesiaKatowicePoland,Members of the European Reference Network on Heart diseases ‐ ERN GUARD‐HEARTAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Magdalena Mizia‐Szubryt
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine in KatowiceMedical University of SilesiaKatowicePoland
| | - Małgorzata Cichoń
- ‘Club 30’Polish Cardiac SocietyWarsawPoland,First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine in KatowiceMedical University of SilesiaKatowicePoland
| | - Karolina Wrona‐Kolasa
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine in KatowiceMedical University of SilesiaKatowicePoland
| | - Agnieszka Kapłon‐Cieślicka
- ‘Club 30’Polish Cardiac SocietyWarsawPoland,1st Chair and Department of CardiologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Monika Gawałko
- ‘Club 30’Polish Cardiac SocietyWarsawPoland,1st Chair and Department of CardiologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland,Department of CardiologyMaastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute MaastrichtMaastrichtThe Netherlands,Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular CentreUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenDuisburgGermany
| | - Monika Budnik
- ‘Club 30’Polish Cardiac SocietyWarsawPoland,1st Chair and Department of CardiologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | | | - Paweł Krzesiński
- ‘Club 30’Polish Cardiac SocietyWarsawPoland,Department of Cardiology and Internal DiseasesMilitary Institute of MedicineWarsawPoland
| | - Katarzyna Starzyk
- 1st Clinic of Cardiology and Electrotherapy, Swietokrzyskie Cardiology Centre; Collegium MedicumThe Jan Kochanowski UniversityKielcePoland
| | - Iwona Gorczyca‐Głowacka
- ‘Club 30’Polish Cardiac SocietyWarsawPoland,1st Clinic of Cardiology and Electrotherapy, Swietokrzyskie Cardiology Centre; Collegium MedicumThe Jan Kochanowski UniversityKielcePoland
| | | | - Damian Kaufmann
- Department of Cardiology and ElectrotherapyMedical University of GdańskGdańskPoland
| | - Maciej Wójcik
- ‘Club 30’Polish Cardiac SocietyWarsawPoland,Department of CardiologyMedical University of LublinLublinPoland
| | - Robert Błaszczyk
- Department of CardiologyMedical University of LublinLublinPoland
| | - Jarosław Hiczkiewicz
- Clinical Department of CardiologyNowa Sól Multidisciplinary HospitalNowa SólPoland,University of Zielona GóraZielona GóraPoland
| | - Katarzyna Łojewska
- Clinical Department of CardiologyNowa Sól Multidisciplinary HospitalNowa SólPoland
| | | | - Marcin Fijałkowski
- ‘Club 30’Polish Cardiac SocietyWarsawPoland,1st Department of CardiologyMedical University of GdanskGdańskPoland
| | - Anna Szymańska
- ‘Club 30’Polish Cardiac SocietyWarsawPoland,Department of Heart DiseasesPostgraduate Medical SchoolWarsawPoland
| | - Anna Wiktorska
- Department of Heart DiseasesPostgraduate Medical SchoolWarsawPoland
| | - Maciej Haberka
- ‘Club 30’Polish Cardiac SocietyWarsawPoland,Department of Cardiology, School of Health SciencesMedical University of SilesiaKatowicePoland
| | - Michał Kucio
- Department of Cardiology, School of Health SciencesMedical University of SilesiaKatowicePoland
| | - Błażej Michalski
- ‘Club 30’Polish Cardiac SocietyWarsawPoland,Department of CardiologyMedical University of LódżŁódźPoland
| | - Karolina Kupczyńska
- ‘Club 30’Polish Cardiac SocietyWarsawPoland,Department of CardiologyMedical University of LódżŁódźPoland
| | - Anna Tomaszuk‐Kazberuk
- ‘Club 30’Polish Cardiac SocietyWarsawPoland,Department of CardiologyMedical University of BiałystokBiałystokPoland
| | | | - Renata Wachnicka‐Truty
- ‘Club 30’Polish Cardiac SocietyWarsawPoland,Department of Cardiology and Internal MedicineMedical University of GdańskGdyniaPoland
| | - Marek Koziński
- ‘Club 30’Polish Cardiac SocietyWarsawPoland,Department of Cardiology and Internal MedicineMedical University of GdańskGdyniaPoland
| | - Paweł Burchardt
- ‘Club 30’Polish Cardiac SocietyWarsawPoland,Department of Biology and Lipid DisordersPoznań University of Medical SciencesPoznańPoland
| | - Katarzyna Mizia‐Stec
- ‘Club 30’Polish Cardiac SocietyWarsawPoland,First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine in KatowiceMedical University of SilesiaKatowicePoland,Members of the European Reference Network on Heart diseases ‐ ERN GUARD‐HEARTAmsterdamNetherlands
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Zuke WA, Chughtai M, Emara AK, Zhou G, Koroukian SM, Molloy RM, Piuzzi NS. What Are Drivers of Readmission for Readmission-Requiring Venous Thromboembolic Events After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty? An Analysis of 544,443 Cases. J Arthroplasty 2022; 37:958-965.e3. [PMID: 35065217 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2022.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potential postoperative complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA). These events present with a range of severity, and some require readmission. The present study aimed to identify unexplored risk factors for severe VTE that lead to hospital readmission. METHODS The Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality's National Readmissions Database was retrospectively queried for all patients who underwent primary THA (January 2016 to December 2018). Study population included patients who were readmitted for VTE within 90 days after an elective THA. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed using patient demographics, insurance status, elective nature of the surgery, healthcare institution characteristics, and baseline comorbidities. RESULTS Higher risk of readmission for VTE was evident among elderly (71-80 years vs <40 years: odds ratio [OR] 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-2.2, P = .0002), male patients (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.2-1.3). Nonelective THAs were associated with markedly higher odds of readmission for VTE (OR 20.5, 95% CI 18.9-22.2), peripheral vascular disease (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.4), lymphoma (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.1), metastatic cancer (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.2), obesity (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.4-1.6), and fluid-electrolyte imbalance (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2). Home health care (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-0.8) and discharge to skilled nursing facility (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.7-0.8) had lower odds of readmission for VTE vs unsupervised home discharge, while insurance type was not a significant driver(P > .05). CONCLUSION One in 135 THA patients is likely to experience a VTE requiring readmission after THA. Male patients, age >70 years, and specific baseline comorbidities increase such risk. Furthermore, discharge to a supervised setting mitigated the risk of VTE requiring readmission compared to unsupervised discharge. As VTE prophylaxis protocols continue to evolve, these patients may require optimized perioperative care pathways to mitigate VTE complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Zuke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Morad Chughtai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ahmed K Emara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Guangjin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Robert M Molloy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Nicolas S Piuzzi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Cho I, Oh J, Kim IC, Chung H, Lee JH, Kim HM, Byun YS, Yoo BS, Choi EY, Chung WJ, Pyun WB, Kang SM. Rivaroxaban Once-Daily vs. Dose-Adjusted Vitamin K Antagonist on Biomarkers in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation (ROAD HF-AF): Rationale and Design of an Investigator-Initiated Multicenter Randomized Prospective Open-Labeled Pilot Clinical Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:765081. [PMID: 35096995 PMCID: PMC8790040 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.765081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Clinical trials of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in patients with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation (AF) have demonstrated reduced risks of stroke and bleeding compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Here, we aim to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban, a NOAC, compared with warfarin, a VKA, and the effects of rivaroxaban on cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) with reduced ejection fraction (≤40%) and AF. Methods: Rivaroxaban Once-daily vs. dose-adjusted vitamin K antagonist on biomarkers in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation (ROAD HF-AF) is a randomized, open-labeled, controlled, prospective, multicenter pilot study designed to assess cardiovascular biomarkers and the safety of rivaroxaban (20 or 15 mg in patients with creatinine clearance 30-49 mL/min per day) compared with VKA (target international normalized range: 2-3) in 150 patients hospitalized with ADHF and AF. The primary endpoint is the change in circulating high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hsTn) during hospitalization. The secondary endpoints are bleeding, hospital stay duration, in-hospital mortality, and changes in cardiovascular, renal, and thrombosis biomarkers. Patients will be followed for 180 days. Conclusion: We hypothesize that rivaroxaban will reduce myocardial injury and hemodynamic stress, as reflected by the biomarker status, within 72 h in patients with ADHF and AF, compared with VKA. We hope to facilitate future biomarker-based, large-scale outcome trials using NOACs in patients with ADHF and AF, based on the results of this multicenter, randomized, controlled study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iksung Cho
- Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaewon Oh
- Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Cheol Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyemoon Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyue Mee Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Sup Byun
- Division of Cardiology, Sanggye-Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Su Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Eui-Young Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wook-Jin Chung
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Wook Bum Pyun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Min Kang
- Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Seok-Min Kang
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Yurista SR, Silljé HHW, Nijholt KT, Dokter MM, van Veldhuisen DJ, de Boer RA, Westenbrink BD. Factor Xa Inhibition with Apixaban Does Not Influence Cardiac Remodelling in Rats with Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 35:953-963. [PMID: 32458320 PMCID: PMC8452585 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-06999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is considered to be a prothrombotic condition and it has been suggested that coagulation factors contribute to maladaptive cardiac remodelling via activation of the protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1). We tested the hypothesis that anticoagulation with the factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor apixaban would ameliorate cardiac remodelling in rats with HF after myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS AND RESULTS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were either subjected to permanent ligation of the left ascending coronary artery (MI) or sham surgery. The MI and sham animals were randomly allocated to treatment with placebo or apixaban in the chow (150 mg/kg/day), starting 2 weeks after surgery. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography and histological and molecular markers of cardiac hypertrophy were assessed in the left ventricle (LV). Apixaban resulted in a fivefold increase in anti-FXa activity compared with vehicle, but no overt bleeding was observed and haematocrit levels remained similar in apixaban- and vehicle-treated groups. After 10 weeks of treatment, LV ejection fraction was 42 ± 3% in the MI group treated with apixaban and 37 ± 2 in the vehicle-treated MI group (p > 0.05). Both vehicle- and apixaban-treated MI groups also displayed similar degrees of LV dilatation, LV hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Histological and molecular markers for pathological remodelling were also comparable between groups, as was the activity of signalling pathways downstream of the PAR1 receptor. CONCLUSION FXa inhibition with apixaban does not influence pathological cardiac remodelling after MI. These data do not support the use of FXa inhibitor in HF patients with the aim to amend the severity of HF. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salva R Yurista
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Herman H W Silljé
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten T Nijholt
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Martin M Dokter
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - B Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands.
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Mehra MR, Vaduganathan M, Fu M, Ferreira JP, Anker SD, Cleland JGF, Lam CSP, van Veldhuisen DJ, Byra WM, Spiro TE, Deng H, Zannad F, Greenberg B. A comprehensive analysis of the effects of rivaroxaban on stroke or transient ischaemic attack in patients with heart failure, coronary artery disease, and sinus rhythm: the COMMANDER HF trial. Eur Heart J 2020; 40:3593-3602. [PMID: 31461239 PMCID: PMC6868495 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Stroke is often a devastating event among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection (HFrEF). In COMMANDER HF, rivaroxaban 2.5 mg b.i.d. did not reduce the composite of first occurrence of death, stroke, or myocardial infarction compared with placebo in patients with HFrEF, coronary artery disease (CAD), and sinus rhythm. We now examine the incidence, timing, type, severity, and predictors of stroke or a transient ischaemic attack (TIA), and seek to establish the net clinical benefit of treatment with low-dose rivaroxaban. METHODS AND RESULTS In this double-blind, randomized trial, 5022 patients who had HFrEF(≤40%), elevated natriuretic peptides, CAD, and who were in sinus rhythm were treated with rivaroxaban 2.5 mg b.i.d. or placebo in addition to antiplatelet therapy, after an episode of worsening HF. The primary neurological outcome for this post hoc analysis was time to first event of any stroke or TIA. Over a median follow-up of 20.5 (25th-75th percentiles 20.0-20.9) months, 150 all-cause stroke (127) or TIA (23) events occurred (ischaemic stroke in 82% and haemorrhagic stroke in 11% of stroke events). Overall, 47.5% of first-time strokes were either disabling (16.5%) or fatal (31%). Prior stroke, low body mass index, geographic region, and the CHA2DS2-VASc score were predictors of stroke/TIA. Rivaroxaban significantly reduced the primary neurological endpoint of all-cause stroke or TIA compared with placebo by 32% (1.29 events vs. 1.90 events per 100 patient-years), adjusted for the time from index HF event to randomization and stratified by geographic region (adjusted hazard ratio 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.49-0.94), with a number needed to treat of 164 patients per year to prevent one stroke/TIA event. The principal safety endpoint of fatal bleeding or bleeding into a critical space, occurred at a similar rate on rivaroxaban and placebo (0.44 events vs. 0.55 events per 100 patient-years). CONCLUSIONS Patients with HFrEF and CAD are at risk for stroke or TIA in the period following an episode of worsening heart failure in the absence of atrial fibrillation. Most strokes are of ischaemic origin and nearly half are either disabling or fatal. Rivaroxaban at a dose of 2.5 mg b.i.d. reduced rates of stroke or TIA compared with placebo in this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION COMMANDER HF (A Study to Assess the Effectiveness and Safety of Rivaroxaban in Reducing the Risk of Death, Myocardial Infarction, or Stroke in Participants with Heart Failure and Coronary Artery Disease Following an Episode of Decompensated Heart Failure); ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01877915.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep R Mehra
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Min Fu
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- Universite de Lorraine, INSERM Unite 1116, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.,Clinical Investigation Center 1433, French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Regional et Universitaire de Nancy, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK); and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - John G F Cleland
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore.,The George Institute for Global Health, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Theodore E Spiro
- Research and Development, Pharmaceuticals, Thrombosis and Hematology Therapeutic Area, Bayer US, LLC, Whippany, NJ, USA
| | | | - Faiez Zannad
- Universite de Lorraine, INSERM Unite 1116, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.,Clinical Investigation Center 1433, French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Investigation Network Initiative-Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, Centre Hospitalier Regional et Universitaire de Nancy, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Barry Greenberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Mulder BA, van Veldhuisen DJ, Rienstra M. What should the C ('congestive heart failure') represent in the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score? Eur J Heart Fail 2020; 22:1294-1297. [PMID: 32592264 PMCID: PMC7539964 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bart A. Mulder
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Michiel Rienstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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Paolillo S, Ruocco G, Filardi PP, Palazzuoli A, Tocchetti CG, Nodari S, Lombardi C, Metra M, Correale M. Direct oral anticoagulants across the heart failure spectrum: the precision medicine era. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 27:135-145. [PMID: 32583229 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-09994-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is characterized by a pro-thrombotic state, which might aggravate its morbidity and, consequently, mortality. Several and commonly observed comorbidities, such as coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation (AF), renal dysfunction, and diabetes often complicate HF, increasing the thromboembolic risk. In the past decade, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been approved for the treatment and prevention of stroke and embolic events in patients with nonvalvular AF. Due to their lower bleeding risk, these drugs are frequently used instead of warfarin; however, some controversies exist on their use in HF patients with or without comorbidities. Indeed, the management of anticoagulation in HF patients with underlying conditions is poorly investigated since these patients are underrepresented or excluded from randomized controlled trials. The aim of this research is to review current evidence on the use of DOACs in HF patients, also discussing their specific use in different clinical scenarios. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Paolillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Ruocco
- Division of Cardiology, Regina Montis Regalis Hospital, ASLCN-1, Via S. Rocchetto, 99, 12084, Mondovì, CN, Italy.
| | | | - Alberto Palazzuoli
- Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Savina Nodari
- Cardiology Section, Department of Clinical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Lombardi
- Cardiology Section, Department of Clinical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology Section, Department of Clinical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Intravascular cells and circulating microparticles induce procoagulant activity via phosphatidylserine exposure in heart failure. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2020; 48:187-194. [PMID: 31177487 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-019-01889-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Relatively little information is known about the definitive role of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the hypercoagulability of heart failure (HF). Our objectives were to assess the levels of PS exposure on microparticles (MPs) and blood cells (BCs) in each group of HF patients and to evaluate their procoagulant activity (PCA). HF patients in each NYHA functional class II-IV (II n = 30, III n = 30, IV n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 25) were enrolled in the present study. PS exposure on MPs, BCs was analyzed with flow cytometry. MPs were classified based on their cellular origin: platelets (CD41a+), neutrophils (CD66b+), endothelial cells (CD31+CD41a-), erythrocytes (CD235a+), monocytes (CD14+), T lymphocytes (CD3+), and B lymphocytes (CD19+). PCA was evaluated by clotting time, extrinsic/intrinsic FXa and prothrombinase production assays, as well as fibrin formation assays. Inhibition assays of PCA of PS+ BCs and MPs were performed by lactadherin. There was no significant difference in MP cellular origin between healthy and HF subjects. However, the total number of PS+ MPs was significantly increased in HF patients compared with healthy controls. In addition, circulating PS+ BCs cooperated with PS+ MPs to markedly shorten coagulation time and dramatically increase FXa/thrombin generation and fibrin formation in each HF group. Moreover, blockade of exposed PS on BCs and MPs with lactadherin inhibited PCA by approximately 80%. Our results lead us to believe that exposing PS on the injured BCs and MPs played a pivotal role in the hypercoagulability state in HF patients.
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Beggs SAS, Rørth R, Gardner RS, McMurray JJV. Anticoagulation therapy in heart failure and sinus rhythm: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart 2019; 105:1325-1334. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2018-314381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveHeart failure is a prothrombotic state, and it has been hypothesised that thrombosis and embolism cause non-fatal and fatal events in heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We sought to determine the effect of anticoagulant therapy on clinical outcomes in patients with HFrEF who are in sinus rhythm.MethodsWe conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of anticoagulation therapy in patients with HFrEF in sinus rhythm. Our analysis compared patients randomised to anticoagulant therapy with those randomised to antiplatelet therapy, placebo or control, and examined the endpoints of all-cause mortality, (re)hospitalisation for worsening heart failure, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke of any aetiology and major haemorrhage.ResultsFive trials were identified that met the prespecified search criteria. Compared with control therapy, anticoagulant treatment did not reduce all-cause mortality (risk ratio [RR] 0.99, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.08), (re)hospitalisation for heart failure (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.13) or non-fatal myocardial infarction (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.13). Anticoagulation did reduce the rate of non-fatal stroke (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.81, p=0.001), but this was offset by an increase in the incidence of major haemorrhage (RR 1.88, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.38, p=0.001).ConclusionsOur meta-analysis provides evidence to oppose the hypothesis that thrombosis or embolism plays an important role in the morbidity and mortality associated with HFrEF, with the exception of stroke-related morbidity.
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Popovic B, Zannad F, Louis H, Clerc-Urmès I, Lakomy C, Gibot S, Denis CV, Lacolley P, Regnault V. Endothelial-driven increase in plasma thrombin generation characterising a new hypercoagulable phenotype in acute heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2019; 274:195-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.07.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Teerlink JR, Qian M, Bello NA, Freudenberger RS, Levin B, Di Tullio MR, Graham S, Mann DL, Sacco RL, Mohr JP, Lip GYH, Labovitz AJ, Lee SC, Ponikowski P, Lok DJ, Anker SD, Thompson JLP, Homma S. Aspirin Does Not Increase Heart Failure Events in Heart Failure Patients: From the WARCEF Trial. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2018; 5:603-610. [PMID: 28774396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine whether aspirin increases heart failure (HF) hospitalization or death in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction receiving an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). BACKGROUND Because of its cyclooxygenase inhibiting properties, aspirin has been postulated to increase HF events in patients treated with ACE inhibitors or ARBs. However, no large randomized trial has addressed the clinical relevance of this issue. METHODS We compared aspirin and warfarin for HF events (hospitalization, death, or both) in the 2,305 patients enrolled in the WARCEF (Warfarin versus Aspirin in Reduced Cardiac Ejection Fraction) trial (98.6% on ACE inhibitor or ARB treatment), using conventional Cox models for time to first event (489 events). In addition, to examine multiple HF hospitalizations, we used 2 extended Cox models, a conditional model and a total time marginal model, in time to recurrent event analyses (1,078 events). RESULTS After adjustment for baseline covariates, aspirin- and warfarin-treated patients did not differ in time to first HF event (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.72 to 1.04; p = 0.117) or first hospitalization alone (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.88; 95% confidence interval: 0.73 to 1.06; p = 0.168). The extended Cox models also found no significant differences in all HF events or in HF hospitalizations alone after adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction in the WARCEF trial, there was no significant difference in risk of HF events between the aspirin and warfarin-treated patients. (Warfarin Versus Aspirin in Reduced Cardiac Ejection Fraction trial [WARCEF]; NCT00041938).
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Teerlink
- Section of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Min Qian
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Bruce Levin
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Susan Graham
- State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | | | | | - J P Mohr
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Institute of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
| | | | - Seitetz C Lee
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Dirk J Lok
- Deventer Hospital, Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Lavoie L, Khoury H, Welner S, Briere JB. Burden and Prevention of Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients with Concomitant Chronic Heart Failure and Coronary Artery Disease: A Literature Review. Cardiovasc Ther 2017; 34:152-60. [PMID: 26915344 PMCID: PMC5084727 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic heart failure (HF) or coronary artery disease (CAD) confers risk for thromboembolism and secondary adverse cardiac events (ACEs) (e.g., mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke). When HF and CAD occur concomitantly, ACE risk is reported to be elevated. We investigated ACEs, their epidemiology, and the resulting burden among patients with concomitant HF and CAD through a structured review of recent literature. Antithrombotic treatment for ACE prevention was assessed. Methods Pertinent databases (PubMed, other) were searched for relevant articles published from January 2004 to March 2015. Data collected included ACE incidence, healthcare resource use, costs, change in quality of life attributed to ACEs, and treatment practice for prevention of ACEs in patients with concomitant HF and CAD. Results Mortality rates for patients with both HF and CAD ranged from 4.9–12.3% at 30 days to 13.7–86% for periods between 9.9 months and 10 years. Incidence of ACEs among HF patients with CAD is, respectively, at least 82% and 15% higher than for patients without HF or without CAD, except for stroke investigated in two studies. All‐cause and HF‐related hospitalization is the main driver of the economic burden in patients with HF, the majority of whom had CAD origin. Despite high prevalence of ischemic complications, there is limited evidence to support the use of warfarin‐type antithrombotics among HF patients. Conclusion This study confirms that patients with concomitant HF and CAD are at elevated risk for ACEs and suggests the need for effective new antithrombotic treatments to further decrease ischemic complication rates in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jean-Baptiste Briere
- Bayer Pharma AG, Global Health Economics & Outcomes Research General Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Brown LAE, Boos CJ. Atrial fibrillation and heart failure: Factors influencing the choice of oral anticoagulant. Int J Cardiol 2016; 227:863-868. [PMID: 28029411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) frequently coexist. AF is identified in approximately one third of patients with HF and is linked to increased morbidity and mortality than from either condition alone. AF is relatively more common in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) than with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Nevertheless, the risk of stroke and systemic embolism (SSE) is significantly increased with both HF types and the absolute risk is heavily influenced by the presence and severity of associated additional stroke risk factors. The European Society of Cardiology has very recently introduced a third HF subtype entitled HF with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF). At present oral anticoagulation is recommended for all patients with AF and HF, independent of HF type. In addition to warfarin there are currently four non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs, previously called novel oral anticoagulants) that have been approved for the prevention of SSE. They consist of one direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran and three factor Xa inhibitors: rivaroxaban, apixaban and, most recently, edoxaban. In this review article we present an overview of the evidence to support the use of NOACs for the prevention of SSE in patients with AF and HF and review the influence of HF subtype and co-morbidities on the potential choice of oral anticoagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A E Brown
- Department of Cardiology, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK.
| | - Christopher J Boos
- Department of Cardiology, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK; Dept of Postgraduate Medical Education, Bournemouth University, UK
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Chen S, Jiang H, Cao Y, Wang Y, Hu Z, Zhu Z, Chai Y. Drug target identification using network analysis: Taking active components in Sini decoction as an example. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24245. [PMID: 27095146 PMCID: PMC4837341 DOI: 10.1038/srep24245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying the molecular targets for the beneficial effects of active small-molecule compounds simultaneously is an important and currently unmet challenge. In this study, we firstly proposed network analysis by integrating data from network pharmacology and metabolomics to identify targets of active components in sini decoction (SND) simultaneously against heart failure. To begin with, 48 potential active components in SND against heart failure were predicted by serum pharmacochemistry, text mining and similarity match. Then, we employed network pharmacology including text mining and molecular docking to identify the potential targets of these components. The key enriched processes, pathways and related diseases of these target proteins were analyzed by STRING database. At last, network analysis was conducted to identify most possible targets of components in SND. Among the 25 targets predicted by network analysis, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was firstly experimentally validated in molecular and cellular level. Results indicated that hypaconitine, mesaconitine, higenamine and quercetin in SND can directly bind to TNF-α, reduce the TNF-α-mediated cytotoxicity on L929 cells and exert anti-myocardial cell apoptosis effects. We envisage that network analysis will also be useful in target identification of a bioactive compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hailong Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ziheng Hu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yifeng Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Okada A, Sugano Y, Nagai T, Takashio S, Honda S, Asaumi Y, Aiba T, Noguchi T, Kusano KF, Ogawa H, Yasuda S, Anzai T. Prognostic Value of Prothrombin Time International Normalized Ratio in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure – A Combined Marker of Hepatic Insufficiency and Hemostatic Abnormality –. Circ J 2016; 80:913-23. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-15-1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Yasuo Sugano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Toshiyuki Nagai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Seiji Takashio
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Satoshi Honda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Yasuhide Asaumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Takeshi Aiba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Teruo Noguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Kengo F. Kusano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Hisao Ogawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Toshihisa Anzai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
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Zannad F, Greenberg B, Cleland JGF, Gheorghiade M, van Veldhuisen DJ, Mehra MR, Anker SD, Byra WM, Fu M, Mills RM. Rationale and design of a randomized, double-blind, event-driven, multicentre study comparing the efficacy and safety of oral rivaroxaban with placebo for reducing the risk of death, myocardial infarction or stroke in subjects with heart failure and significant coronary artery disease following an exacerbation of heart failure: the COMMANDER HF trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2015; 17:735-42. [PMID: 25919061 PMCID: PMC5029775 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Thrombin is a critical element of crosstalk between pathways contributing to worsening of established heart failure (HF). The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban 2.5 mg bid compared with placebo (with standard care) after an exacerbation of HF in patients with reduced ejection fraction (HF-rEF) and documented coronary artery disease. METHODS This is an international prospective, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, event-driven study of approximately 5000 patients for a targeted 984 events. Patients must have a recent symptomatic exacerbation of HF, increased plasma concentrations of natriuretic peptides (B-type natriuretic peptide ≥200 pg/mL or N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide ≥800 pg/mL), with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% and coronary artery disease. Patients requiring anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation or other conditions will be excluded. After an index event (overnight hospitalization, emergency department or observation unit admission, or unscheduled outpatient parenteral treatment for worsening HF), patients will be randomized 1:1 to rivaroxaban or placebo (with standard of care). The primary efficacy outcome event is a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction or stroke. The principal safety outcome events are the composite of fatal bleeding or bleeding into a critical space with potential permanent disability, bleeding events requiring hospitalization and major bleeding events according to International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis bleeding criteria. CONCLUSION COMMANDER HF is the first prospective study of a target-specific oral antithrombotic agent in HF. It will provide important information regarding rivaroxaban use following an HF event in an HF-rEF patient population with coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiez Zannad
- Inserm Centre d'Investigation Clinique CIC 1433, UMR 1116, CHU de Nancy, Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Barry Greenberg
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John G F Cleland
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, England
| | - Mihai Gheorghiade
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mandeep R Mehra
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Division of Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - William M Byra
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 920 US 202, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - Min Fu
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 920 US 202, Raritan, NJ, USA
| | - Roger M Mills
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, 920 US 202, Raritan, NJ, USA
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Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ. Unmet Needs in Anticoagulant Therapy: Potential Role of Rivaroxaban. Cardiol Res 2015; 6:267-277. [PMID: 28197239 PMCID: PMC5295520 DOI: 10.14740/cr413w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The new generation of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been welcomed as a convenient alternative to warfarin. Three new oral anticoagulants, dabigatran etexilate, rivaroxaban and apixaban have been approved for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism (SSE) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and the prevention of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) in patients who have undergone elective hip or knee replacement surgery. Dabigatran etexilate and rivaroxaban are also indicated for the treatment of VTE and the long-term prevention of recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). A fourth agent, edoxaban, has been successfully tested for several indications but is not yet approved for use in North America or Europe. Building on these successes, new trials are planned to address remaining unmet needs and knowledge gaps. This paper examines the unresolved issues in anticoagulant therapy with a focus on planned and ongoing trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Eikelboom
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, 237 Barton St. E., Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Stuart J Connolly
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, 237 Barton St. E., Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada
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Ahmad T, Butler J. Disrupting Virchow's triad: can factor X inhibition reduce risk of adverse outcomes in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy? Eur J Heart Fail 2015; 17:647-51. [PMID: 26018996 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Ahmad
- Section of Cardiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Javed Butler
- Division of Cardiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Coronary artery disease in patients with heart failure: incidental, coincidental, or a target for therapy? Am J Med 2014; 127:574-8. [PMID: 24561111 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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20
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Mebazaa A, Spiro TE, Büller HR, Haskell L, Hu D, Hull R, Merli G, Schellong SW, Spyropoulos AC, Tapson VF, De Sanctis Y, Cohen AT. Predicting the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients hospitalized with heart failure. Circulation 2014; 130:410-8. [PMID: 24970782 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.003126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether heart failure (HF) increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is not well established. In the phase III MAGELLAN (Multicenter, rAndomized, parallel Group Efficacy and safety study for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized medically iLL patients comparing rivaroxabAN with enoxaparin) trial, extended-duration rivaroxaban was compared with standard-duration enoxaparin followed by placebo for VTE prevention in 8101 hospitalized acutely ill patients with or without HF. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the relationship between HF severity and the risk of VTE in MAGELLAN patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Hospitalized patients diagnosed with HF were included according to New York Heart Association class III or IV at admission (n=2593). HF severity was determined by N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) plasma concentrations (median 1904 pg/mL). Baseline plasma D-dimer concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 1.7 μg/L for the less and more severe HF subgroups. Patients with more severe HF had a greater incidence of VTE versus patients with less severe HF, with a significant trend up to Day 10 (4.3% versus 2.2%; P=0.0108) and Day 35 (7.2% versus 4.1%; P=0.0150). Multivariable analysis confirmed that NT-proBNP concentration was associated with VTE risk up to Day 10 (P=0.017) and D-dimer concentration with VTE risk up to Day 35 (P=0.005). The association between VTE risk and HF severity that was observed in the enoxaparin/placebo group was not seen in the extended-duration rivaroxaban group. CONCLUSIONS Patients with more severe HF, as defined by high NT-proBNP plasma concentration, were at increased risk of VTE. NT-proBNP may be useful to identify high short-term risk, whereas elevated D-dimer may be suggestive of high midterm risk. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00571649.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Mebazaa
- From Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Saint Louis Lariboisière University Hospitals, U942 Inserm, Paris, France (A.M.); Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc, Montville, NJ (T.E.S., Y.D.S.); Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (H.R.B.); Janssen Research & Development LLC, Raritan, NJ (L.H.); People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China (D.H.); Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (R.H.); Thomas Jefferson Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (G.M.); Dresden-Friedrichstadt Hospital, Dresden, Germany (S.W.S.); Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY (A.C.S.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (V.F.T.); and King's College Hospital, London, UK (A.T.C.).
| | - Theodore E Spiro
- From Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Saint Louis Lariboisière University Hospitals, U942 Inserm, Paris, France (A.M.); Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc, Montville, NJ (T.E.S., Y.D.S.); Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (H.R.B.); Janssen Research & Development LLC, Raritan, NJ (L.H.); People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China (D.H.); Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (R.H.); Thomas Jefferson Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (G.M.); Dresden-Friedrichstadt Hospital, Dresden, Germany (S.W.S.); Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY (A.C.S.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (V.F.T.); and King's College Hospital, London, UK (A.T.C.)
| | - Harry R Büller
- From Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Saint Louis Lariboisière University Hospitals, U942 Inserm, Paris, France (A.M.); Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc, Montville, NJ (T.E.S., Y.D.S.); Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (H.R.B.); Janssen Research & Development LLC, Raritan, NJ (L.H.); People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China (D.H.); Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (R.H.); Thomas Jefferson Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (G.M.); Dresden-Friedrichstadt Hospital, Dresden, Germany (S.W.S.); Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY (A.C.S.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (V.F.T.); and King's College Hospital, London, UK (A.T.C.)
| | - Lloyd Haskell
- From Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Saint Louis Lariboisière University Hospitals, U942 Inserm, Paris, France (A.M.); Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc, Montville, NJ (T.E.S., Y.D.S.); Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (H.R.B.); Janssen Research & Development LLC, Raritan, NJ (L.H.); People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China (D.H.); Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (R.H.); Thomas Jefferson Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (G.M.); Dresden-Friedrichstadt Hospital, Dresden, Germany (S.W.S.); Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY (A.C.S.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (V.F.T.); and King's College Hospital, London, UK (A.T.C.)
| | - Dayi Hu
- From Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Saint Louis Lariboisière University Hospitals, U942 Inserm, Paris, France (A.M.); Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc, Montville, NJ (T.E.S., Y.D.S.); Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (H.R.B.); Janssen Research & Development LLC, Raritan, NJ (L.H.); People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China (D.H.); Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (R.H.); Thomas Jefferson Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (G.M.); Dresden-Friedrichstadt Hospital, Dresden, Germany (S.W.S.); Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY (A.C.S.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (V.F.T.); and King's College Hospital, London, UK (A.T.C.)
| | - Russell Hull
- From Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Saint Louis Lariboisière University Hospitals, U942 Inserm, Paris, France (A.M.); Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc, Montville, NJ (T.E.S., Y.D.S.); Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (H.R.B.); Janssen Research & Development LLC, Raritan, NJ (L.H.); People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China (D.H.); Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (R.H.); Thomas Jefferson Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (G.M.); Dresden-Friedrichstadt Hospital, Dresden, Germany (S.W.S.); Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY (A.C.S.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (V.F.T.); and King's College Hospital, London, UK (A.T.C.)
| | - Geno Merli
- From Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Saint Louis Lariboisière University Hospitals, U942 Inserm, Paris, France (A.M.); Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc, Montville, NJ (T.E.S., Y.D.S.); Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (H.R.B.); Janssen Research & Development LLC, Raritan, NJ (L.H.); People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China (D.H.); Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (R.H.); Thomas Jefferson Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (G.M.); Dresden-Friedrichstadt Hospital, Dresden, Germany (S.W.S.); Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY (A.C.S.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (V.F.T.); and King's College Hospital, London, UK (A.T.C.)
| | - Sebastian W Schellong
- From Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Saint Louis Lariboisière University Hospitals, U942 Inserm, Paris, France (A.M.); Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc, Montville, NJ (T.E.S., Y.D.S.); Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (H.R.B.); Janssen Research & Development LLC, Raritan, NJ (L.H.); People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China (D.H.); Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (R.H.); Thomas Jefferson Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (G.M.); Dresden-Friedrichstadt Hospital, Dresden, Germany (S.W.S.); Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY (A.C.S.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (V.F.T.); and King's College Hospital, London, UK (A.T.C.)
| | - Alex C Spyropoulos
- From Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Saint Louis Lariboisière University Hospitals, U942 Inserm, Paris, France (A.M.); Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc, Montville, NJ (T.E.S., Y.D.S.); Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (H.R.B.); Janssen Research & Development LLC, Raritan, NJ (L.H.); People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China (D.H.); Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (R.H.); Thomas Jefferson Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (G.M.); Dresden-Friedrichstadt Hospital, Dresden, Germany (S.W.S.); Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY (A.C.S.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (V.F.T.); and King's College Hospital, London, UK (A.T.C.)
| | - Victor F Tapson
- From Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Saint Louis Lariboisière University Hospitals, U942 Inserm, Paris, France (A.M.); Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc, Montville, NJ (T.E.S., Y.D.S.); Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (H.R.B.); Janssen Research & Development LLC, Raritan, NJ (L.H.); People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China (D.H.); Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (R.H.); Thomas Jefferson Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (G.M.); Dresden-Friedrichstadt Hospital, Dresden, Germany (S.W.S.); Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY (A.C.S.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (V.F.T.); and King's College Hospital, London, UK (A.T.C.)
| | - Yoriko De Sanctis
- From Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Saint Louis Lariboisière University Hospitals, U942 Inserm, Paris, France (A.M.); Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc, Montville, NJ (T.E.S., Y.D.S.); Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (H.R.B.); Janssen Research & Development LLC, Raritan, NJ (L.H.); People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China (D.H.); Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (R.H.); Thomas Jefferson Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (G.M.); Dresden-Friedrichstadt Hospital, Dresden, Germany (S.W.S.); Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY (A.C.S.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (V.F.T.); and King's College Hospital, London, UK (A.T.C.)
| | - Alexander T Cohen
- From Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Saint Louis Lariboisière University Hospitals, U942 Inserm, Paris, France (A.M.); Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc, Montville, NJ (T.E.S., Y.D.S.); Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (H.R.B.); Janssen Research & Development LLC, Raritan, NJ (L.H.); People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China (D.H.); Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (R.H.); Thomas Jefferson Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (G.M.); Dresden-Friedrichstadt Hospital, Dresden, Germany (S.W.S.); Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY (A.C.S.); Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (V.F.T.); and King's College Hospital, London, UK (A.T.C.)
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DePasquale EC, Fonarow GC. Impact of atrial fibrillation on outcomes in heart failure. Heart Fail Clin 2013; 9:437-49, viii. [PMID: 24054477 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure increases with advancing age. It is estimated that the annual incidence of AF in the general heart failure population is approximately 5%, whereas as many as 40% of patients with advanced heart failure have AF. The goals of therapy in patients with heart failure and AF are symptom control and prevention of arterial thromboembolism. The adverse hemodynamic events of AF may lead to symptom deterioration and reduced exercise capacity. This review addresses the impact of AF on heart failure outcomes as they pertain to prognosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene C DePasquale
- Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, 100 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 630 East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Novel oral anticoagulants and stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and chronic heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2013; 19:391-401. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-013-9398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
OPININION STATEMENT: All patients with ischemic stroke should undergo a comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular risk. Patients with carotid artery disease, symptoms of cerebral ischemia and high cardiovascular risk profiles should be considered for noninvasive testing for coronary artery disease (CAD). Routine testing for CAD before carotid endarterctomy is not recommended. Patients with coexisting coronary and carotid artery disease should be more aggressively treated for reducing their "very high" risk of cardiovascular events. In patients candidates to carotid revascularization, a preoperative coronary angiography and coronary revascularization are not recommended. Warfarin is recommended in all patients with moderate to high risk of stroke. Novel oral anticoagulants represent an attractive alternative to warfarin. However, their place in therapy in clinical practice is not yet established. Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage for stroke prophylaxis may be considered in selected patients with atrial fibrillation and contraindications for oral anticoagulant therapy. Warfarin is not indicated in patients with heart failure who are in sinus rhythm. Percutaneous closure of patent foramen does not seem to be superior to medical therapy for the prevention of recurrences in patients with cryptogenic stroke.
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