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Cho ES, Krishnan P, Loh HS, Daly JM, Leong CO, Mai CW, Low YY, Yong KT, Lim KH. Pentacyclic and hexacyclic cucurbitacins from Elaeocarpuspetiolatus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 193:112988. [PMID: 34717280 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Four undescribed cucurbitacins, designated as petiolaticins A-D, and four known cucurbitacins were isolated from the bark and leaves of Elaeocarpus petiolatus (Jack) Wall. Their chemical structures were elucidated based on detailed analyses of the NMR and MS data. The absolute configuration of petiolaticin A was also determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Petiolaticin A represents a cucurbitacin derivative incorporating a 3,4-epoxyfuranyl-bearing side chain, while petiolaticin B possesses a furopyranyl unit fused to the tetracyclic cucurbitane core structure. Petiolaticins A, B, and D were evaluated in vitro against a panel of human breast, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer cell lines. Petiolaticin A exhibited the greatest cytotoxicity against the MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and SW48 cell lines (IC50 7.4, 9.2, 9.3, and 4.6 μM, respectively). Additionally, petiolaticin D, 16α,23α-epoxy-3β,20β-dihydroxy-10αH,23βH-cucurbit-5,24-dien-11-one, and 16α,23α-epoxy-3β,20β-dihydroxy-10αH,23βH-cucurbit-5,24-dien-11-one 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were tested for their ability to inhibit cell entry of a pseudotyped virus bearing the hemagglutinin envelope protein of a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Petiolaticin D showed the highest inhibition (44.3%), followed by 16α,23α-epoxy-3β,20β-dihydroxy-10αH,23βH-cucurbit-5,24-dien-11-one (21.0%), and 16α,23α-epoxy-3β,20β-dihydroxy-10αH,23βH-cucurbit-5,24-dien-11-one 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside showed limited inhibition (9.0%). These preliminary biological assays have demonstrated that petiolaticins A and D possess anticancer and antiviral properties, respectively, which warrant for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Seon Cho
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Premanand Krishnan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hwei-San Loh
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Janet M Daly
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Cancer and Stem Cells Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- Centre for Cancer and Stem Cells Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yun-Yee Low
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kien-Thai Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kuan-Hon Lim
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Yao L, Yang P, Luo W, Li S, Wu Y, Cai N, Bi D, Li H, Han Q, Xu X. Macrophage-stimulating activity of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) peptides in RAW264.7 cells mediated via NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Food Funct 2020; 11:10968-10978. [PMID: 33283791 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02497j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is considered to be a vital commercial fish species. In this study, the effect and molecular mechanism of bioactive peptides from European eel on macrophage-stimulating activity in RAW264.7 cells were investigated. Eel peptide (EP) markedly induced NO and iNOS production and promoted TNF-α and IL-6 secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, EP dose-dependently activated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, EP was purified using a Sephadex A-25 column and a Bio-Gel P-6 column, and the fraction (Fr-1-1) showing the strongest NO-inducing activity was obtained. Then, the molecular weights of the components in Fr-1-1 were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and found to range from 700 to 1900 Da for the majority of components, which suggested that Fr-1-1 mainly consisted of peptides containing 8-20 amino acid residues. Overall, our results indicated that EP from Anguilla anguilla activated macrophages and could be used as a potential nutraceutical or pharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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Mohie El-Dien RT, Maher SA, Abdelmohsen UR, AboulMagd AM, Fouad MA, Kamel MS. Antiulcer secondary metabolites from Elaeocarpus grandis, family Elaeocarpaceae, supported by in silico studies. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34788-34799. [PMID: 35514372 PMCID: PMC9056857 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06104b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Elaeocarpus grandis has a very potent analgesic effect, especially to a δ-opioid receptor, but its antiulcer activity has not yet been validated. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate the antiulcer potential of the total methanolic extract and its derived fractions of the aerial parts of the plant using an indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer method. One new compound, grandisine H (1), and five known compounds, P-methoxy benzaldehyde, methyl gallate, kaempferol, quercetin and heterophyllin A (2–6), were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction, which was the most potent one with an ulcer index value of 5 ± 1.95 (mm) ** (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01) and a preventive index of 92.9%, following a bioassay-guided fractionation. The isolated compounds were subjected to a molecular docking study in an attempt to explain their significant antiulcer potential, and the results revealed that kaempferol and quercetin bind to the active site of the M3 receptor with a strong binding affinity via strong hydrogen bonds of −6.081 kcal mol−1 and −6.013 kcal mol−1, respectively. Also, quercetin and heterophyllin A showed a binding affinity with the gastric proton pump receptor and a strong hydrogen bond interaction with the amino acid active sites in the case of an H2-modeled receptor. These results clarify the effectiveness and importance of the ethyl acetate fraction as a natural anti-ulcer remedy. Elaeocarpus grandis has a very potent analgesic effect, especially to a δ-opioid receptor, but its antiulcer activity has not yet been validated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Taher Mohie El-Dien
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University University Zone 61111 New Minia City Egypt
| | - Sherif A Maher
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University University Zone 61111 New Minia City Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University University Zone 61111 New Minia City Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University 61519 Minia Egypt
| | - Asmaa M AboulMagd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University 62513 Beni Suef Egypt
| | - Mostafa Ahmed Fouad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University 61519 Minia Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salah Kamel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University University Zone 61111 New Minia City Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University 61519 Minia Egypt
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Park JW, Kwon OK, Oh SR, Lee J, Eum S, Nguon S, Choi SH, Khiev P, Ahn KS. Dipterocarpus obtusifolius attenuates the effects of lipopolysaccharide‑induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 macrophages. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8463-8470. [PMID: 28983588 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipterocarpus obtusifolius has been traditionally used as a herbal medicine and is considered to have anticancer properties. The biological activity of D. obtusifolius in inflammation and the underlying mechanisms of its activity remain to be elucidated. The present study investigated the effects of D. obtusifolius methanolic extract (DOME) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. The effects of DOME on the production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2 and pro‑inflammatory cytokines were assessed by ELISA, western blot analysis and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. It was demonstrated that expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase‑2, interleukin‑1β and tumor necrosis factor‑α was suppressed by DOME in LPS‑stimulated cells. Furthermore, treatment with DOME suppressed phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) molecules, including extracellular signal‑regulated kinase, c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase and p38 MAPK. Translocation of the nuclear factor‑κB p65 subunit into the nucleus was additionally inhibited by DOME. Phosphorylation of MAPK promoter activity was inhibited by treatment with DOME, PD98059, SB202190 and SP600125. These results demonstrated that DOME inhibits LPS‑induced inflammatory responses. Therefore, DOME may be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju‑si, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Kyoung Kwon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju‑si, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju‑si, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Joongku Lee
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, Chungnam National University, Yuseong‑gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmi Eum
- International Biological Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong‑gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Samnang Nguon
- Natural Products Research and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Processing, University of Battambang, Sangkat Praek Preah Sdach, Battambang 02107, Cambodia
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- International Biological Material Research Center, KRIBB, Yuseong‑gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Piseth Khiev
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Khan Toulkok, Phnom Penh 12304, Cambodia
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju‑si, Chungbuk 28116, Republic of Korea
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Ryu HW, Song HH, Shin IS, Cho BO, Jeong SH, Kim DY, Ahn KS, Oh SR. Suffruticosol A isolated from Paeonia lactiflora seedcases attenuates airway inflammation in mice induced by cigarette smoke and LPS exposure. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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Kim DH, Kim ME, Lee JS. Inhibitory effects of extract from G. lanceolata on LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and IL-1β via down-regulation of MAPK in macrophages. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:657-65. [PMID: 25342257 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Grateloupia lanceolata is a red alga native to coastal areas of East Asia. In this study, extract from G. lanceolata (EGL) was investigated for suppressive effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages. EGL was found to have anti-inflammatory properties with the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO), pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and MAPK signaling in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, treatment of RAW 264.7 macrophage with EGL inhibited LPS-induced IL-1β production in a dose-dependent manner. These inhibitory effects were found with the blockage of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), extracellular signal regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), and also c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1 and 2 (JNK1/2). These results indicated that anti-inflammatory actions of EGL in RAW 264.7 macrophages involved in the inhibition of LPS-induced p38MAPK/ERK/JNK signaling pathways. In addition, our findings suggest that EGL holds great promise for use in the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Biology, Immunology Research Laboratory, BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea
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Li L, Wang L, Wu Z, Yao L, Wu Y, Huang L, Liu K, Zhou X, Gou D. Anthocyanin-rich fractions from red raspberries attenuate inflammation in both RAW264.7 macrophages and a mouse model of colitis. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6234. [PMID: 25167935 PMCID: PMC4148654 DOI: 10.1038/srep06234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible berries have a broad spectrum of biomedical functions, including improving immune responses and reducing risk for chronic diseases. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activities of crude extracts (CEs), anthocyanin-rich fractions (ARFs), and des-anthocyanin fractions (DAFs) from seven berries were evaluated based on their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/IFN-γ-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. ARFs from red raspberries (RR-ARFs) exhibited the highest efficiency in suppressing NO synthesis. The anti-inflammatory properties were also demonstrated by reducing the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells. The luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that the activities of NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways were significantly suppressed by RR-ARFs. Further studies showed that RR-ARFs decreased the phosphorylation of IKK, IκBα, p65 and JNK and the nuclear translocation of p65 in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In a mouse colitis model, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced weight loss and histological damage were significantly ameliorated by RR-ARFs treatment. Taken together, our results indicate that RR-ARFs attenuate inflammation both in vitro and in vivo primarily by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs. The anti-inflammatory of RR-ARFs could be harnessed and applied in animal agriculture, drug and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- 1] College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China [2]
| | - Liyan Wang
- 1] College of Life Sciences, Department of Marine Science and Bio-Pharm, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresourse and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen 518060, China [2]
| | - Zhiqin Wu
- 1] College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China [2]
| | - Lijun Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yonghou Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lian Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Kan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen key laboratory of synthetic biology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Marine Science and Bio-Pharm, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresourse and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Deming Gou
- 1] College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China [2] College of Life Sciences, Department of Marine Science and Bio-Pharm, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresourse and Eco-environmental Science, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Park SY, Kim HB, Kim JH, Lee JM, Kim SR, Shin HS, Yi TH. Immunostimulatory effect of fermented red ginseng in the mouse model. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2014; 19:10-8. [PMID: 24772404 PMCID: PMC3999803 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2014.19.1.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Woongjin fermented red ginseng extract (WFRG) was evaluated for its potential ability to act as an adjuvant for the immune response of mice. For the in vitro study, macrophages were treated with serial concentrations (1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL) of WFRG. For in vivo studies, mice were administered different concentrations (10 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day, and 200 mg/kg/day) of WFRG orally for 21 days. In vitro, the production of nitric oxide and TNF-α by RAW 264.7 cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, WFRG enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes induced by two mitogens (i.e., concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and increased LPS-induced production of TNF-α and IL-6, but not IL-1β. In conclusion, WFRG has the potential to modulate immune function and should be further investigated as an immunostimulatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Park
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 446-701, Korea
| | - Ho-Bin Kim
- Woongjin Food Co., Ltd., Seoul 100-705, Korea
| | | | - Joo-Mi Lee
- Woongjin Food Co., Ltd., Seoul 100-705, Korea
| | | | - Heon-Sub Shin
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 446-701, Korea
| | - Tae-Hoo Yi
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Materials & Processing, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 446-701, Korea
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Functional roles of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:352371. [PMID: 24771982 PMCID: PMC3977509 DOI: 10.1155/2014/352371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural host defensive process that is largely regulated by macrophages during the innate immune response. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are proline-directed serine and threonine protein kinases that regulate many physiological and pathophysiological cell responses. p38 MAPKs are key MAPKs involved in the production of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). p38 MAPK signaling plays an essential role in regulating cellular processes, especially inflammation. In this paper, we summarize the characteristics of p38 signaling in macrophage-mediated inflammation. In addition, we discuss the potential of using inhibitors targeting p38 expression in macrophages to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Contributory roles of innate properties of cetyl alcohol/gelucire nanoparticles to antioxidant and anti-inflammation activities of quercetin. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2013; 3:318-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-013-0130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Han Y, Jung HW, Lee JY, Kim JS, Kang SS, Kim YS, Park YK. 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone isolated from Rehmanniae Radix Preparata inhibits inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. J Med Food 2012; 15:505-10. [PMID: 22510152 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.1940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, the steamed root of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, has been widely used for the treatment of inflammatory conditions in Oriental medicines. In this study we evaluated the effects of 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP) isolated from Rehmanniae Radix Preparata on inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were used to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of DHAP on the production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6. DHAP significantly inhibited NO production via the suppression of iNOS expression and significantly decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 via the down-regulation of their mRNA expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. DHAP potently inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) 1/2 and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in LPS-stimulated cells. These results indicate that DHAP inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators in activated macrophages by blocking the ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Our results suggest that DHAP from Rehmanniae Radix Preparata has anti-inflammatory activity in activated macrophages, raising the possibility that this compound has a therapeutic potential for inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkyung Han
- Oriental Medicine R&D Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea
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Cardiotrophin-1 promotes a high survival rate in rabbits with lethal fulminant hepatitis of viral origin. J Virol 2011; 85:13124-32. [PMID: 21976657 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.05725-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) causes lethal fulminant hepatitis closely resembling acute liver failure (ALF) in humans. In this study, we investigated whether cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), a cytokine with hepatoprotective properties, could attenuate liver damage and prolong survival in virus-induced ALF. Twenty-four rabbits were infected with 2 × 10(4) hemagglutination units of RHDV. Twelve received five doses of CT-1 (100 μg/kg) starting at 12 h postinfection (hpi) (the first three doses every 6 h and then two additional doses at 48 and 72 hpi), while the rest received saline. The animals were analyzed for survival, serum biochemistry, and viral load. Another cohort (n = 22) was infected and treated similarly, but animals were sacrificed at 30 and 36 hpi to analyze liver histology, viral load, and the expression of factors implicated in liver damage and repair. All infected rabbits that received saline died by 60 hpi, while 67% of the CT-1-treated animals survived until the end of the study. Treated animals showed improved liver function and histology, while the viral loads were similar. In the livers of CT-1-treated rabbits we observed reduction of oxidative stress, diminished PARP1/2 and JNK activation, and decreased inflammatory reaction, as reflected by reduced expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, Toll-like receptor 4, VCAM-1, and MMP-9. In addition, CT-1-treated rabbits exhibited marked upregulation of TIMP-1 and increased expression of cytoprotective and proregenerative growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor B, epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor β, and c-Met. In conclusion, in a lethal form of acute viral hepatitis, CT-1 increases animal survival by attenuating inflammation and activating cytoprotective mechanisms, thus representing a promising therapy for ALF of viral origin.
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