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De Rubis G, Paudel KR, Corrie L, Mehndiratta S, Patel VK, Kumbhar PS, Manjappa AS, Disouza J, Patravale V, Gupta G, Manandhar B, Rajput R, Robinson AK, Reyes RJ, Chakraborty A, Chellappan DK, Singh SK, Oliver BGG, Hansbro PM, Dua K. Applications and advancements of nanoparticle-based drug delivery in alleviating lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2793-2833. [PMID: 37991539 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02830-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Cigarette smoking is among the main aetiologic factors for both ailments. These diseases share common pathogenetic mechanisms including inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue remodelling. Current therapeutic approaches are limited by low efficacy and adverse effects. Consequentially, LC has a 5-year survival of < 20%, while COPD is incurable, underlining the necessity for innovative treatment strategies. Two promising emerging classes of therapy against these diseases include plant-derived molecules (phytoceuticals) and nucleic acid-based therapies. The clinical application of both is limited by issues including poor solubility, poor permeability, and, in the case of nucleic acids, susceptibility to enzymatic degradation, large size, and electrostatic charge density. Nanoparticle-based advanced drug delivery systems are currently being explored as flexible systems allowing to overcome these limitations. In this review, an updated summary of the most recent studies using nanoparticle-based advanced drug delivery systems to improve the delivery of nucleic acids and phytoceuticals for the treatment of LC and COPD is provided. This review highlights the enormous relevance of these delivery systems as tools that are set to facilitate the clinical application of novel categories of therapeutics with poor pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele De Rubis
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Leander Corrie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Samir Mehndiratta
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Vyoma K Patel
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Popat S Kumbhar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Arehalli Sidramappa Manjappa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416113, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vasantidevi Patil Institute of Pharmacy, Kodoli, Kolkapur, Maharashtra, 416114, India
| | - John Disouza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tatyasaheb Kore College of Pharmacy, Warananagar, Tal: Panhala, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416113, India
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India, Chennai, India
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248007, India
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Bikash Manandhar
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Rashi Rajput
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Alexandra Kailie Robinson
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Ruby-Jean Reyes
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Amlan Chakraborty
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine (DIIIRM), School of Biological Sciences I Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Brian Gregory George Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.
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Alipour Noghabi S, Ghamari kargar P, Bagherzade G, Beyzaei H. Comparative study of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of berberine-derived Schiff bases, nitro-berberine and amino-berberine. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22783. [PMID: 38058428 PMCID: PMC10696212 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the scientific community has focused on traditional natural products and their potential therapeutic benefits. Berberine is a plant-derived isoquinoline alkaloid with a variety of biological properties and identified as a promising pharmacophore for discovering new therapeutic agents against various diseases. However, unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties of berberine have limited its clinical application so much that researchers pursue its structure modification to overcome this problem. This study focuses on the synthesis of new berberine derivatives to improve its antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials, which were characterized using CHNO and NMR instruments. Berberine extracted from barberry root was nitrated, reduced to amine and condensed with benzaldehyde derivatives to produce berberine-based Schiff bases. The H atom donating ability of all compounds was measured against DPPH free radicals, with IC50 values ranging from 18.28 to 108.20 μg ml-1. All berberine-based Schiff bases exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than nitro-berberine and amino-berberine. Only Schiff base derived from 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde showed slightly better antioxidant effects than original berberine. The inhibitory effects of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against important pathogenic fungal and bacterial strains using disk diffusion assays, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 8.36 to 25.48 μg ml-1. Berberine itself only affected Candida albicans fungus. Nitrated berberine was effective against all microorganisms except Gram-negative Acinetobacter baumannii. The results suggest that structural modifications and functionalization can enhance the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of berberine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Alipour Noghabi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, 97175-615, Iran
| | - Pouya Ghamari kargar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, 97175-615, Iran
| | - Ghodsieh Bagherzade
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Birjand, Birjand, 97175-615, Iran
| | - Hamid Beyzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
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Park SY, Kim KS, Lee WY, Kim CE, Lee S. Integrative Approach to Identifying System-Level Mechanisms of Chung-Sang-Bo-Ha-Hwan's Influence on Respiratory Tract Diseases: A Network Pharmacological Analysis with Experimental Validation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3024. [PMID: 37687271 PMCID: PMC10489874 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Chung-Sang-Bo-Ha-Hwan (CSBHH) is an herbal prescription widely used to treat various chronic respiratory diseases. To investigate the system-level treatment mechanisms of CSBHH in respiratory tract diseases, we identified 56 active ingredients of CSBHH and evaluated the degree of overlap between their targets and respiratory tract disease-associated proteins. We then investigated the respiratory tract disease-related signaling pathways associated with CSBHH targets. Enrichment analysis showed that the CSBHH targets were significantly associated with various signaling pathways related to inflammation, alveolar structure, and tissue fibrosis. Experimental validation was conducted using phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated NCI-H292 cells by analyzing the mRNA expression levels of biomarkers (IL-1β and TNF-α for inflammation; GSTP1, GSTM1, and PTEN for apoptosis) derived from network pharmacological analysis, in addition to the mucin genes MUC5AC and MUC2, to investigate the phlegm-expelling effect of CSBHH. The mRNA expression levels of these genes were consistent with network pharmacological predictions in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that the therapeutic mechanisms of CSBHH in respiratory tract diseases could be attributed to the simultaneous action of multiple active ingredients in the herbal prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa-Yoon Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (W.-Y.L.)
| | - Kang-Sub Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea;
| | - Won-Yung Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (W.-Y.L.)
| | - Chang-Eop Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (S.-Y.P.); (W.-Y.L.)
| | - Sullim Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
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Babalghith AO, Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, De Waard M, Al-Hamash SM, Jean-Marc S, Negm WA, Batiha GES. The role of berberine in Covid-19: potential adjunct therapy. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:2003-2016. [PMID: 36183284 PMCID: PMC9526677 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is a global diastrophic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Covid-19 leads to inflammatory, immunological, and oxidative changes, by which SARS-CoV-2 leads to endothelial dysfunction (ED), acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and multi-organ failure (MOF). Despite evidence illustrating that some drugs and vaccines effectively manage and prevent Covid-19, complementary herbal medicines are urgently needed to control this pandemic disease. One of the most used herbal medicines is berberine (BBR), which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and immune-regulatory effects; thus, BBR may be a prospective candidate against SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review found that BBR has anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects with mitigation of associated inflammatory changes. BBR also reduces the risk of ALI/ARDS in Covid-19 patients by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory signaling pathways. In conclusion, BBR has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral effects. Therefore, it can be utilized as a possible anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent. BBR inhibits the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 and attenuates the associated inflammatory disorders linked by the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. Indeed, BBR can alleviate ALI/ARDS in patients with severe Covid-19. In this sense, clinical trials and prospective studies are suggested to illustrate the potential role of BBR in treating Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad O. Babalghith
- Medical Genetics Department, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Michel De Waard
- Smartox Biotechnology, 6 rue des Platanes, 38120 Saint-Egrève, France
- L’institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV NANTES, 44007 Nantes, France
- LabEx « Ion Channels, Science and Therapeutics», Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Valbonne, France
| | - Sadiq Mohammed Al-Hamash
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sabatier Jean-Marc
- Faculté des sciences médicales et paramédicales, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), CNRS UMR, 7051, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Walaa A. Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527 Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 Al Beheira Egypt
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Chitosan-Coated Solid Lipid Nano-Encapsulation Improves the Therapeutic Antiairway Inflammation Effect of Berberine against COPD in Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Rats. Can Respir J 2022; 2022:8509396. [PMID: 35465190 PMCID: PMC9033382 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8509396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine (Ber) is an isoquinoline alkaloid that has shown therapeutic potential in mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the therapeutic efficiency of Ber is restricted by its low aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Chitosan and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have demonstrated great abilities as delivery systems in enhancing the bioavailability of therapeutic compounds. The present study aimed to get together the biological features of SLNs with the advantages of chitosan to formulate an efficient nano-carrier platform for the oral delivery of Ber and evaluate the therapeutic effect of the prepared Ber-encapsulated nanoparticles on airway inflammation in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced COPD rats. The Ber-encapsulated SLE-chitosan formulation was manufactured using a modified solvent-injection method followed by a homogenization process. Physicochemical properties, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro stability and Ber release, and pharmacokinetics of the manufactured formulation were evaluated. The COPD rat model was developed by exposing animals to CS. To study the therapeutic efficiency of Ber-encapsulated SLE-chitosan nanoparticles and pure berberine, the histopathological changes of the lung tissues, levels of inflammatory cells and cytokines, and activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes were evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Ber-encapsulated SLE-chitosan showed the particle size in nano-range with high stability and controlled slow-release profile in vitro in simulated gastric (pH 1.5) and intestinal (pH 6.8) fluids. Administration of Ber-loaded SLE-chitosan nanoparticles could significantly ameliorate inflammation scores in lung tissues and reduce levels of inflammatory cells (neutrophils and macrophages) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, Il-6, Il-17, and TNFα) in BALF when compared with the pure Ber. SLE-chitosan-based nanoparticles can strongly improve the therapeutic anti-inflammatory impact of Ber against CS-induced airway inflammation in COPD rats, suggesting the promising application of Ber-encapsulated SLN-chitosan nanoparticles for treating COPD and other inflammation-mediated diseases.
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Li LY, Zhang CT, Zhu FY, Zheng G, Liu YF, Liu K, Zhang CH, Zhang H. Potential Natural Small Molecular Compounds for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Overview. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:821941. [PMID: 35401201 PMCID: PMC8988065 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.821941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the major diseases threatening human life and health. According to the report released by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2020, COPD has become the third leading cause of death in the world, featuring a sustainable growth of incidence rate as well as population age. The purpose of this review focuses on the advancement of bioactive natural compounds, such as baicalin, quercetin, resveratrol, and curcumin, which demonstrate promising therapeutic/interventional effects on CODP in vitro and in vivo. Information emphasizing on COPD was systematically collected from several authoritative internet databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, Wiley Online Library, and Europe PMC, with a combination of keywords containing “COPD” and “natural small molecular compounds”. The new evidence indicated that these valuable molecules featured unique functions in the treatment of COPD through various biological processes such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptosis, and anti-airway fibrosis. Moreover, we found that the promising effects of these natural compounds on COPD were mainly achieved through JAK3/STAT3/NF-κB and MAPK inflammatory signaling pathways, Nrf2 oxidative stress signaling pathway, and TGF-β1/Smad 2/3 fibrosis signaling pathway, which referenced to multiple targets like TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, TIMP-1, MMP, AKT, JAK3, IKK, PI3K, HO-1, MAPK, P38, ERK, etc. Current challenges and future directions in this promising field are also discussed at the end of this review. For the convenience of the readers, this review is divided into ten parts according to the structures of potential natural small molecular compounds. We hope that this review brings a quick look and provides some inspiration for the research of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Ying Li
- Department of Heart Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Zigong City, Zigong, China
| | - Chuan-Tao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng-Ya Zhu
- Department of Heart Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Zigong City, Zigong, China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Zigong City, Zigong, China
| | - Yu-Fei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Zigong City, Zigong, China
| | - Chen-Hui Zhang
- Department of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chen-Hui Zhang, ; Hong Zhang,
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chen-Hui Zhang, ; Hong Zhang,
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Haftcheshmeh SM, Abedi M, Mashayekhi K, Mousavi MJ, Navashenaq JG, Mohammadi A, Momtazi-Borojeni AA. Berberine as a natural modulator of inflammatory signaling pathways in the immune system: Focus on NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and MAPK signaling pathways. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1216-1230. [PMID: 35142403 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Three main inflammatory signaling pathways include nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Janus kinases/Signal transducer and activator of transcriptions (JAKs/STATs), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play crucial roles in inducing, promoting, and regulating inflammatory responses in the immune system. Importantly, the breakdown of mechanisms that tightly regulate inflammatory signaling pathways can be the underlying cause of uncontrolled inflammatory responses and be associated with the generation and development of several inflammatory diseases. Hence, therapeutic strategies targeting inflammatory signaling pathways and their downstream components may promise to treat inflammatory diseases. Studies over the past two decades have provided important information on the polytrophic pharmacological and biochemical properties of berberine (BBR) as a naturally occurring compound, such as antioxidant, antitumor, antimicrobial, and antiinflammatory activates. Interestingly, the modulatory effects of BBR on inflammatory signaling cascades, which lead to the inhibition of inflammation, have been widely investigated in several in vitro and in vivo studies. For the first time, herein, this comprehensive review attempts to put together these studies and provide important insight into the modulatory effects of BBR on NF-κB, JAKs/STATs, and MAPKs signaling pathways in vitro in various types of immune cells and in vivo in several experimental inflammatory diseases. As the second achievement of this review, we also explore the therapeutic efficacy and antiinflammatory effects of BBR regarding its modulatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mohammadian Haftcheshmeh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Maliheh Abedi
- Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Mashayekhi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Mousavi
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | | | - Asadollah Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Abdul Aziz M, Ullah Z, Adnan M, Sõukand R, Pieroni A. The Fading Wild Plant Food-Medicines in Upper Chitral, NW Pakistan. Foods 2021; 10:2494. [PMID: 34681546 PMCID: PMC8536072 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The subject of food-medicines (foods ingested in order to obtain a therapeutic activity or to prevent diseases) is garnering increasing attention from both ethnobiologists and ethnopharmacologists as diet-related chronic diseases are one of the major problems resulting in a large proportion of deaths globally, which calls for interest from the scientific community to make sensible decisions in the field of food and medicine. In this regard, the current study is an important attempt at providing baseline data for developing healthy and curative food ingredients. This study aimed at recording the culinary and medicinal uses of wild food plants (WFPs) in the remote Mastuj Valley, located at the extreme north of Chitral District, Pakistan. An ethnobotanical survey was completed via 30 in-depth semi-structured interviews with local knowledge holders to record the food and medicinal uses of WFPs in the study area. A total of 43 WFPs were recorded, most of which were used as cooked vegetables and raw snacks. Leaves were the most frequently used plant part. A remarkable proportion (81%) of use reports for the recorded wild plant taxa were quoted as food-medicines or medicinal foods, while very few were reported as either food or medicines, without any relationship between uses in these two domains. Previous ethnomedicinal studies from nearby regions have shown that most of the recorded wild plants have been used as medicines, thus supporting the findings of the current study. A literature survey revealed that many of the reported medicinal uses (33%) for the quoted WFPs were not verifiable on PubMed as they have not been studied for their respective medicinal actions. We observed that most of the plants quoted here have disappeared from the traditional food and medicinal system, which may be attributed to the invasion of the food market and the prevalence of allopathic medicine. However, knowledge of these wild plants is still alive in memory, and women are the main holders of cultural knowledge as they use it to manage the cooking and processing of WFPs. Therefore, in this context, we strongly recommend the preservation of local biocultural heritage, promoted through future development and educational programs, which could represent a timely response to the loss of cultural and traditional knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdul Aziz
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy;
| | - Zahid Ullah
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Kanju 19201, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan;
| | - Renata Sõukand
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Pieroni
- University of Gastronomic Sciences, Piazza Vittorio Emanuele II 9, 12042 Pollenzo, Italy;
- Department of Medical Analysis, Tishk International University, Erbil 4401, Iraq
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Berberine administrated with different routes attenuates inhaled LPS-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome through TLR4/NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 inhibition. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174349. [PMID: 34284014 PMCID: PMC8285933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence showed that berberine possessed the anti-inflammatory action in various diseases caused by inflammation. However, it was still unclear whether both inhalation and injection with berberine produced pulmonary protective role in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of both administration routes including inhalation and injection with berberine in ARDS induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation. Histopathological examination and weight of lung were evaluated. Phosphorylation of NF-κB, JAK2 and STAT3 were measured to assess the activity of inflammation related signaling pathways. Proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum were also detected. The results showed that LPS caused the lung injury, while both administration routes with berberine attenuated the injury and improved the pulmonary morphology. In addition, the primary TLR4/NF-κB and secondary JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways which were activated by LPS in lung were totally inhibited by berberine administration. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines in both BALF and serum were decreased by berberine. Considering that molecular docking simulation indicated that berberine could bind with TLR4, the present suggested that the inhibition of the inflammation related TLR4/NF-κB and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways might be involved in the pulmonary protective effect of berberine in LPS-induced ARDS.
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Herbal Active Ingredients: Potential for the Prevention and Treatment of Acute Lung Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5543185. [PMID: 34258266 PMCID: PMC8245226 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5543185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality. The main pathological features of ALI are increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability, edema, uncontrolled migration of neutrophils to the lungs, and diffuse alveolar damage, resulting in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Glucocorticoids, aspirin, and other anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used to treat ALI. Respiratory supports, such as a ventilator, are used to alleviate hypoxemia. Many treatment methods are available, but they cannot significantly ameliorate the quality of life of patients with ALI and reduce mortality rates. Herbal active ingredients, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, and quinonoids, exhibit advantages for ALI prevention and treatment, but the underlying mechanism needs further study. This paper summarizes the role of herbal active ingredients in anti-ALI therapy and progresses in the understanding of their mechanisms. The work also provides some references and insights for the discovery and development of novel drugs for ALI prevention and treatment.
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Wang RX, Zhou M, Ma HL, Qiao YB, Li QS. The Role of Chronic Inflammation in Various Diseases and Anti-inflammatory Therapies Containing Natural Products. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1576-1592. [PMID: 33528076 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation represents a long-term reaction of the body's immune system to noxious stimuli. Such a sustained inflammatory response sometimes results in lasting damage to healthy tissues and organs. In fact, chronic inflammation is implicated in the development and progression of various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and even cancers. Targeting nonresolving inflammation thus provides new opportunities for treating relevant diseases. In this review, we will go over several chronic inflammation-associated diseases first with emphasis on the role of inflammation in their pathogenesis. Then, we will summarize a number of natural products that exhibit therapeutic effects against those diseases by acting on different markers in the inflammatory response. We envision that natural products will remain a rich resource for the discovery of new drugs treating diseases associated with chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Xiao Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs for the, Treatment of Serious Diseases Based on Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030619, P. R. China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Lai Ma
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs for the, Treatment of Serious Diseases Based on Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030619, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Biao Qiao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs for the, Treatment of Serious Diseases Based on Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030619, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Shan Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs for the, Treatment of Serious Diseases Based on Chronic Inflammation, College of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030619, P. R. China
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Badamjav R, Zhang L, Sonom D, Wu YH, Kou JP, Yu BY, Li F. Thalictrum minus L. ameliorates particulate matter-induced acute lung injury in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113379. [PMID: 32916235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Thalictrum minus L., which is widespread across Eurasia, is utilized as a folk medicine for treating dysentery, bedsore, fungal infection and lung inflammation in China, Mongolia and Iran. AIM OF THE STUDY A Mongolian folk medicinal plant named Thalictrum minus L. (TML) has been extensively used for the treatment of lung inflammation, bacterial and fungal infection and tuberculosis. Our present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of TML against particulate matter (PM)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and the potential underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Initially, HPLC-Q-TOF was applied for the qualitative analysis and HPLC was used for quantitative analysis of main components in TML. Then, the mice model of ALI was induced by PM via intratracheally instilled with 50 mg/kg body weight of Standard Reference Material1648a (SRM1648a), and TML (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) were administered orally 1 h prior to PM. The efficacy and molecular mechanisms in the presence or absence of TML were elucidated. RESULTS Eleven main ingredients were detected in TML and the contents of homoorientin and berberine were quantified. Additionally, the results demonstrated that TML profoundly inhibited weight loss in mice and ameliorated lung pathological injury induced by PM. Furthermore, we also found that TML significantly decreased the lung wet to dry weight (W/D) ratios, reduced total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and effectively attenuated PM-induced increased leukocyte and macrophages in BALF. Meanwhile, TML could pronouncedly inhibited myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung tissues, decreased the PM-induced inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), reduced nitric oxide (NO) and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) in BALF. In addition, TML markedly facilitated the expression of p-AMPK-Nrf2 and suppressed the expression of KEAP, prohibited the activation of the MAPKs-NLRP3/caspase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and inhibited apoptotic pathways. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that TML attenuated PM-induced ALI through suppressing the release of inflammatory cytokines and alleviating oxidative damage correlated with the AMPK-Nrf2/KEAP signaling pathways, MAPKs-NLRP3/caspase-1 signaling pathways, as well as apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rentsen Badamjav
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China; Mongolian University of Pharmaceutical Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Dolgor Sonom
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China; Mongolian University of Pharmaceutical Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
| | - Yun-Hao Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Jun-Ping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Fang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
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He YQ, Zhou CC, Yu LY, Wang L, Deng JL, Tao YL, Zhang F, Chen WS. Natural product derived phytochemicals in managing acute lung injury by multiple mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2021; 163:105224. [PMID: 33007416 PMCID: PMC7522693 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as common life-threatening lung diseases with high mortality rates are mostly associated with acute and severe inflammation in lungs. With increasing in-depth studies of ALI/ARDS, significant breakthroughs have been made, however, there are still no effective pharmacological therapies for treatment of ALI/ARDS. Especially, the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is ravaging the globe, and causes severe respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, developing new drugs for therapy of ALI/ARDS is in great demand, which might also be helpful for treatment of COVID-19. Natural compounds have always inspired drug development, and numerous natural products have shown potential therapeutic effects on ALI/ARDS. Therefore, this review focuses on the potential therapeutic effects of natural compounds on ALI and the underlying mechanisms. Overall, the review discusses 159 compounds and summarizes more than 400 references to present the protective effects of natural compounds against ALI and the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiong He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Can-Can Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lu-Yao Yu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiu-Ling Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Long Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Wan-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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Kumar R, Sharma N, Rolta R, Lal UR, Sourirajan A, Dev K, Kumar V. Thalictrum foliolosum DC: An unexplored medicinal herb from north western Himalayas with potential against fungal pathogens and scavenger of reactive oxygen species. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ali S, Alamzeb M, Rashid MU, Setzer WN. Effect of Temperature on 1H NMR Spectra, Antitrypanosomal Activity, Conformational Analysis, and Molecular Docking of Curine Derivatives from Berberis brevissima. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1383-1393. [PMID: 32364734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ethanolic root extract of Berberis brevissima afforded a new bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid, 13-nitrochondrofoline (2), and two known bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, chondrofoline (1) and curine (4). The acetylation of chondrofoline (1) gave O-acetylchondrofoline (3). The dimeric structures of 1 and 2 were studied through variable-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy at 25, 40, 60, and 80 °C and conformational analysis, using density functional theory employing the M06-2X functional and the 6-31G* basis set. The in vitro antitrypanosomal activity of compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 against Trypanosoma brucei showed significant potential with MIC values of 2.6, 2.2, 2.3, and 3.8 μM, respectively. Molecular docking evaluation of alkaloids 1, 2, 3, and 4 against known T. brucei protein targets revealed T. brucei phosphodiesterase B1 to be the preferred target. The docking energies of the alkaloids with Tb6PGL (PDB 3EB9) ranged from -88.8 to -106.0 kJ/mol and was comparable to the cocrystallized ligand, citrate (Edock = -78.3 kJ/mol). It seems reasonable that the curine alkaloids may compete with the natural substrates for these protein targets and serve as leads in designing and developing more potent and selective drugs against T. brucei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Kotli 11100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Alamzeb
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Kotli 11100, Pakistan
| | - Mamoon Ur Rashid
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 729000, Vietnam
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, United States
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Tew XN, Xin Lau NJ, Chellappan DK, Madheswaran T, Zeeshan F, Tambuwala MM, Aljabali AA, Balusamy SR, Perumalsamy H, Gupta G, Oliver BG, Hsu A, Wark P, Reddy K, Wadhwa R, Hansbro PM, Dua K. Immunological axis of berberine in managing inflammation underlying chronic respiratory inflammatory diseases. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 317:108947. [PMID: 31968208 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses play a remarkable role in the mechanisms of acute and chronic respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. Currently, there is a resurgence in the use of drugs from natural sources for various ailments as potent therapeutics. Berberine, an alkaloid prominent in the Chinese traditional system of medicine has been reported to exert therapeutic properties in various diseases. Nevertheless, the number of studies focusing on the curative potential of berberine in inflammatory diseases involving the respiratory system is limited. In this review, we have attempted to discuss the reported anti-inflammatory properties of berberine that function through several pathways such as, the NF-κB, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways which affect several pro-inflammatory cytokines in the pathophysiological processes involved in chronic respiratory diseases. This review would serve to provide valuable information to researchers who work in this field and a new direction in the field of drug discovery with respect to respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Nee Tew
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Natalie Jia Xin Lau
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Thiagarajan Madheswaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Farrukh Zeeshan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County, Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Alaa Aa Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Sri Renukadevi Balusamy
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Haribalan Perumalsamy
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Brian G Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alan Hsu
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Peter Wark
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Karosham Reddy
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ridhima Wadhwa
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Philip Michael Hansbro
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle (UoN), Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle (UoN), Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Bajhol, Sultanpur, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 229, India.
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Wang W, Zha G, Zou JJ, Wang X, Li CN, Wu XJ. Berberine Attenuates Cigarette Smoke Extract-induced Airway Inflammation in Mice: Involvement of TGF-β1/Smads Signaling Pathway. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:748-753. [PMID: 31612392 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although several studies confirmed that berberine may attenuate airway inflammation in mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), its underlying mechanisms were not clear until now. We aimed to establish an experiment mouse model for COPD and to investigate the effects of berberine on airway inflammation and its possible mechanism in COPD model mice induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Twenty SPF C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into PBS control group, COPD model group, low-dose berberine group and high-dose berberine group, 5 mice in each group. The neutrophils and macrophages were examined by Wright's staining. The levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of TGF-β1, Smad2 and Smad3 mRNA and proteins in lung tissues were respectively detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. It was found that CSE increased the number of inflammation cells in BALF, elevated lung inflammation scores, and enhanced the TGF-β1/Smads signaling activity in mice. High-dose berberine restrained the alterations in the COPD mice induced by CSE. It was concluded that high-dose berberine ameliorated CSE-induced airway inflammation in COPD mice. TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway might be involved in the mechanism. These findings suggested a therapeutic potential of high-dose berberine on the CSE-induced airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Gan Zha
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jin-Jing Zou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chun-Nian Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Multi-target natural products as alternatives against oxidative stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Eur J Med Chem 2019; 163:911-931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Huang L, Zhang X, Ma X, Zhang D, Li D, Feng J, Pan X, Lü J, Wang X, Liu X. Berberine alleviates endothelial glycocalyx degradation and promotes glycocalyx restoration in LPS-induced ARDS. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:96-107. [PMID: 30308440 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), an increase in vascular endothelial permeability may trigger pulmonary edema and ultimately lead to respiratory failure. Endothelial glycocalyx damage is an important factor that causes an increase in vascular endothelial permeability. Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Coptis chinensis, a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine that exerts multiple pharmacological effects. In this study, pretreatment with BBR inhibited the increase in vascular endothelial permeability in mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS. BBR pretreatment inhibited the shedding of syndecan-1 (SDC-1) and heparan sulfate (HS), which are important components of the endothelial glycocalyx that lessen endothelial glycocalyx damage. BBR further significantly inhibited increases in important endothelial glycocalyx damage factors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), heparanase (HPA), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in LPS-induced ARDS mice and in LPS-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. BBR pretreatment also decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and inhibited NF-κB signaling pathway activation in LPS-induced ARDS. In addition, BBR promoted the recovery of SDC-1 and HS content in injured endothelial glycocalyx after LPS treatment and accelerated its restoration. This is the first report of BBR maintaining the integrity of endothelial glycocalyx. These results provide a new theoretical basis for the use of BBR in the treatment of ARDS and other diseases related to endothelial glycocalyx damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Department of Respirator Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University Binzhou, Binzhou 256603, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Respirator Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University Binzhou, Binzhou 256603, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Department of Respirator Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University Binzhou, Binzhou 256603, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiali Feng
- Department of Respirator Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University Binzhou, Binzhou 256603, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinjie Pan
- Department of Cell Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Junhong Lü
- Division of Physical Biology and CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- Department of Respirator Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University Binzhou, Binzhou 256603, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangyong Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, Shandong Province, China.
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Zhang HN, Sun YJ, He HQ, Li HY, Xue QL, Liu ZM, Xu GM, Dong LH. Berberine promotes nerve regeneration through IGFR‑mediated JNK‑AKT signal pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5030-5036. [PMID: 30272344 PMCID: PMC6236264 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine presents therapeutic ability for various central nervous system disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and cerebral ischemia. The present study investigated the role of berberine in nerve regeneration and analyzed the potential mechanism mediated by berberine in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Reverse transcription-quantitative poylmerase chain reaction, western blot, TUNEL assay and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the therapeutic effects of berberine on nerve regeneration. Berberine treatment increased growth and viability of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Berberine treatment inhibited apoptosis of hippocampal pyramidal neurons and increased apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 and Bcl-w expression. Neuroinflammation of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)1β, IL6 levels and autophagy-related proteins microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B, autophagy related 16 like 1 and autophagy related 7 were downregulated by berberine treatment in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Notably, study has found that berberine increased insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR) and decreased c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and protein kinase B (AKT) expression in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. IGFR antagonist abolished berberine-increased growth of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. In conclusion, these results indicate that berberine can promote nerve regeneration through IGFR-mediated JNK-AKT signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Na Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Juan Sun
- Department of Neurology, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130031, P.R. China
| | - Huai-Qiang He
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Li Xue
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Min Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Meng Xu
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hua Dong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Ji M, Zhang Z, Li N, Xia R, Wang C, Yu Y, Yao S, Shen J, Wang SL. Identification of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in cigarette smoke extract as a new substrate metabolically activated by human cytochrome P450 2A13. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 359:108-117. [PMID: 30253172 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2A13 (CYP2A13) is an extrahepatic enzyme mainly expressed in the human respiratory system and is reported to mediate tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA) metabolism in cigarette smoke. This study aimed to identify other new substrates of CYP2A13 in cigarette smoke and their corresponding respiratory toxicity. Following separation by HPLC, GC-MS/MS, NMR and cytotoxicity assays in BEAS-2B cells stably expressing CYP2A13 (B-2A13), 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) was screened and identified in the 4-5 min section of cigarette smoke extract (CSE). In vitro metabolism results showed that CYP2A13 mediated the fast clearance of 5-HMF and formed the metabolite 5-HMF acid (5-HMFA). CSE 5-HMF (CSE-5-HMF) showed cytotoxicity similar to that of standard 5-HMF in B-2A13 and B-2A5 cells, which was inhibited by 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), a CYP enzyme inhibitor. Mouse CYP2A5, a homologous CYP enzyme to CYP2A13, shares many substrates with CYP2A13 in cigarette smoke. Thus, CYP2A5-/- mice were generated to explore the role of CYP2A5 in 5-HMF bioactivation. Compared with CYP2A5-/- mice, WT mice showed serious histological lung and nasal olfactory mucosa damage, as well as increased inflammatory cells and elevated TNF-α and IL-6 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Besides, nasal microsomes undertook fast 5-HMFA formation in WT mice than that in CYP2A5-/- mice, which could be inhibited by 8-MOP. This study is the first to identify 5-HMF as a new toxic substrate of human CYP2A13 in cigarette smoke, it may play a potential role in cigarette smoke-induced respiratory injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Ji
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Rong Xia
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Yongquan Yu
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Shen Yao
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Jiemiao Shen
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Shou-Lin Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China.
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Singh N, Sharma B. Toxicological Effects of Berberine and Sanguinarine. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:21. [PMID: 29616225 PMCID: PMC5867333 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine and Sanguinarine alkaloids belong to a group of naturally occurring chemical compounds that mostly contain basic nitrogen atoms. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral or weakly acidic properties. Alkaloids are produced by a large number of organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Berberine and Sanguinarine both are isoquinoline derivatives and belong to protoberberine and benzophenanthridines, respectively. Tyrosine or phenylalanine is common precursor for the biosynthesis of both. Sanguinarine [13-methyl (1,3) benzodioxolo(5,6-c)-1,3-dioxolo (4,5) phenanthridinium] is a toxin that kills animal cells through its action on the Na+-K+-ATPase transmembrane protein. Berberine, on the other hand, has been reported to cause cytotoxicity and adversely influence the synthesis of DNA. Several workers have reported varied pharmacological properties of these alkaloids as they exhibit antibacterial, antiasthma, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities. This review article illustrates the toxicological effects of berberine and sanguinarine as well as mechanistic part of berberine and sanguinarine mediated toxicity in different living systems. This manuscript has included the lethal doses (LD50) of berberine and sanguinarine in different animals via different routs of exposure. Also, the effects of these alkaloids on the activities of some key enzymes, cell lines and organ development etc. have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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Xie D, Xu Y, Jing W, Juxiang Z, Hailun L, Yu H, Zheng DH, Lin YT. Berberine nanoparticles protects tubular epithelial cells from renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24154-24162. [PMID: 28445993 PMCID: PMC5421835 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the most common causes of acute renal failure, the prognosis of which remains poor and there still lacks of effective therapeutics available in the clinic. This study aimed at investigating the effects of Berberine nanoparticles (BBR-NP) on the ischemia-reperfusion injury of renal tubular epithelial cells and underlying the mechanisms. Our results showed that in a rat model of renal I/R injury, BBR and BBR-NP protected renal against injury both functionally (as assessed by serum urea nitrogen and creatinine level) and morphologically (as assessed by HE staining, transmission electron microscopy and TUNEL staining) in a dose-dependent manner, with the effects of BBR-NP superior to BBR alone. Mechanism investigation showed that BBR-NP reversed oxidative stress and subsequent apoptosis of renal cells, as demonstrated by the decreased expression of proteins involved in the oxidative stress and mitochondrial stress pathways. In conclusion, our study showed that BBR-NP is superior to BBR alone in protecting renal against I/R injury and explored the underlying mechanisms, which should be tested in further studies and might give impetus to the development of novel therapeutics based on BBR-NP against renal I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Xie
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Wang Jing
- Department of Pediatrics, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Zeng Juxiang
- Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Hailun
- Department of Nephrology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Hu Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Dong-Hui Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Yong-Tao Lin
- Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
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Wang Z, Wang N, Liu X, Wang Q, Xu B, Liu P, Zhu H, Chen J, Situ H, Lin Y. Broadleaf Mahonia attenuates granulomatous lobular mastitis‑associated inflammation by inhibiting CCL‑5 expression in macrophages. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:340-352. [PMID: 29138800 PMCID: PMC5746325 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a type of chronic mammary inflammation with unclear etiology. Currently systematic corticosteroids and methitrexate are considered as the main drugs for GLM treatment, but a high toxicity and risk of recurrence greatly limit their application. It is therefore an urgent requirement that safe and efficient natural drugs are found to improve the GLM prognosis. Broadleaf Mahonia (BM) is a traditional Chinese herb that is believed to have anti-inflammatory properties according to ancient records of traditional Chinese medicine. The present study investigated this belief and demonstrated that BM significantly inhibited the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW264.7 cells, but had little influence on the cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis. Meanwhile, the lipopolysaccharide-induced elevation of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide was also blocked following BM treatment, accompanied with decreased activity of nuclear factor-κB and MAPK signaling. A cytokine array further validated that BM exhibited significant inhibitory effects on several chemoattractants, including chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-2, CCL-3, CCL-5 and secreted tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, among which CCL-5 exhibited the highest inhibition ratio in cell and clinical GLM specimens. Collectively, the results show that BM is a novel effective anti-inflammatory herb in vitro and ex vivo, and that CCL-5 may be closely associated with GLM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Neng Wang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat‑Sen Univeristy Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Pengxi Liu
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Huayu Zhu
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 00852, P.R. China
| | - Honglin Situ
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Mammary Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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Cui HS, Li YM, Fang W, Li JK, Dai YM, Zheng LS. Effect of berberine on lipopolysaccharide-induced monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and interleukin-8 expression in a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line. Int Ophthalmol 2017; 38:2053-2060. [PMID: 28852897 PMCID: PMC6153896 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In this study, we elucidated the effects of berberine, a major alkaloid component contained in medicinal herbs, such as Phellodendri Cortex and Coptidis Rhizoma, on expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Methods ARPE-19 cells were cultured to confluence. Berberine and LPS were added to the medium. MCP-1 and IL-8 mRNA were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. MCP-1 and IL-8 protein concentrations in the media were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results After stimulation with LPS, MCP-1 and IL-8 mRNA in ARPE-19 cells reached maximum levels at 3 h, and MCP-1 and IL-8 protein in the culture media reached maximum levels at 24 h. Berberine dose-dependently inhibited MCP-1 and IL-8 mRNA expression of the cells and protein levels in the media stimulated with LPS. Conclusions These findings indicate that berberine inhibited the expression of MCP-1 and IL-8 induced by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Shan Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 3 Qingchun Road East, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yu-Min Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 3 Qingchun Road East, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 3 Qingchun Road East, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiu-Ke Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 3 Qingchun Road East, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuan-Min Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 3 Qingchun Road East, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lian-Shun Zheng
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Mohammadzadeh N, Mehri S, Hosseinzadeh H. Berberis vulgaris and its constituent berberine as antidotes and protective agents against natural or chemical toxicities. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 20:538-551. [PMID: 28656089 PMCID: PMC5478782 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.8678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Berberis vulgaris L (B. vulgaris) and its main constituent berberine have been used in traditional medicine for a long time. This medicinal plant and berberine have many properties that have attracted the attention of researchers over the time. According to several studies, B. vulgaris and berberine exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, anti-Alzheimer, anti-cancer, anti-arrhythmic, antiviral, antibacterial and anti-diabetic effects in both in vitro and invivo experiments. In regard to many reports on protective effects of B. vulgaris and berberine on natural and chemical toxins, in the current review article, the inhibitory effects of these compounds against natural, industrial, environmental and chemical toxicities with focus on cellular mechanism have been categorized. It has been mentioned that berberine could ameliorate toxicity of chemical toxins in brain, heart, kidney, liver and lung in part through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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HemoHIM, a herbal preparation, alleviates airway inflammation caused by cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide. Lab Anim Res 2017; 33:40-47. [PMID: 28400838 PMCID: PMC5385281 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2017.33.1.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HemoHIM, herbal preparation has designed for immune system recovery. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of HemoHIM on cigarette smoke (CS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mouse model. To induce COPD, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to CS for 1 h per day (eight cigarettes per day) for 4 weeks and intranasally received LPS on day 26. HemoHIM was administrated to mice at a dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg 1h before CS exposure. HemoHIM reduced the inflammatory cell count and levels of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) induced by CS+LPS exposure. HemoHIM decreased the inflammatory cell infiltration in the airway and inhibited the expression of iNOS and MMP-9 and phosphorylation of Erk in lung tissue exposed to CS+LPS. In summary, our results indicate that HemoHIM inhibited a reduction in the lung inflammatory response on CS and LPS induced lung inflammation via the Erk pathway. Therefore, we suggest that HemoHIM has the potential to treat pulmonary inflammatory disease such as COPD.
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Wu Z, Xie Z, Liu J, Wu Q, Wang X. Renoprotective Effect of Berberine on Streptozotocin-induced
Diabetic Nephropathy Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.247.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wu J, Hu Y, Xiang L, Li S, Yuan Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Huang W, Meng X, Wang P. San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang Constituents Exert Drug-Drug Interaction of Mutual Reinforcement at Both Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetic Level: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:448. [PMID: 27965575 PMCID: PMC5124576 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders underlie varieties of human diseases. San-Huang-Xie-xin-Tang (SHXXT), composed with Rhizoma Rhei (Rheum palmatum L.), Rhizoma Coptidis (Coptis chinensis Franch), and Radix Scutellaria (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi), is a famous formula which has been widely used in the fight against inflammatory abnormalities. Mutual reinforcement is one of the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine. Here this article reviewed and analyzed the recent research on (1) How the main constituents of SHXXT impact on inflammation-associated signaling pathway molecules. (2) The interaction between the main constituents and efflux pumps or intestinal transporters. The goal of this work was to, (1) Provide evidence to support the theory of mutual reinforcement. (2) Clarify the key targets of SHXXT and suggest which targets need further investigation. (3) Give advice for the clinical use of SHXXT to elevated the absorption of main constituents and eventually promote oral bioavailability. We search literatures in scientific databases with key words of “each main SHXXT constituent,” in combination with “each main inflammatory pathway target molecule” or each main intestinal transporter, respectively. We report the effect of five main constituents on target molecules which lies in three main inflammatory signaling pathways, we as well investigate the interaction between constituents and intestinal transporter. We conclude, (1) The synergistic effect of constituents at both levels confirm the mutual reinforcement theory of TCM as it is proven in this work. (2) The effect of main constituents on downstream targets in nuclear need more further investigation. (3) Drug elevating the absorption of rhein, berberine and baicalein can be employed to promote oral bioavailability of SHXXT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasi Wu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Yingfan Hu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu, China; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu, China
| | | | - Yan Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Wenge Huang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
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Tetrahydroberberrubine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by down-regulating MAPK, AKT, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:489-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Li Z, Zheng J, Zhang N, Li C. Berberine improves airway inflammation and inhibits NF-κB signaling pathway in an ovalbumin-induced rat model of asthma. J Asthma 2016; 53:999-1005. [PMID: 27175622 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2016.1180530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Berberine has been reported for its various activities including anti-inflammatory effects and has been used in treating many diseases. However, its effects on airway inflammation in asthma have not been investigated. This study mainly aimed to detect its effects on the airway inflammation and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway activity in a rat model of asthma. METHODS Asthma was induced by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge. The asthmatic rats were respectively treated with vehicle PBS or berberine (100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg) for 28 days. The control rats were treated with PBS. Inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted and the lung inflammation was scored. Levels of NF-κB p65 (mRNA and protein), phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65), inhibitory κB alpha (IκBα) (mRNA and protein) and phosphorylated IκBα (p-IκBα), as well as NF-κB p65 DNA-binding activity, were measured to assess the activity of NF-κB signaling pathway. Levels of the downstream inflammatory mediators of NF-κB signaling, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 and IL-17 in BALF, were measured. Besides, the serum levels of OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E were measured. RESULTS Results showed that OVA increased the number of inflammatory cells in BALF, elevated lung inflammation scores, enhanced the NF-κB signaling activity and promoted the production of IgE in rats. Berberine dose-dependently reversed the alterations induced by OVA in the asthmatic rats. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggested a therapeutic potential of berberine on OVA- induced airway inflammation. The ameliorative effects on the OVA-induced airway inflammation might be associated with the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Li
- a Department of Neonatology , Yidu Central Hospital , Qingzhou, Shandong , China
| | - Jie Zheng
- a Department of Neonatology , Yidu Central Hospital , Qingzhou, Shandong , China
| | - Ning Zhang
- a Department of Neonatology , Yidu Central Hospital , Qingzhou, Shandong , China
| | - Chengde Li
- b Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology of Shandong Province , Weifang Medical University , Weifang, Shandong , China
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Wu J, Zhang H, Hu B, Yang L, Wang P, Wang F, Meng X. Coptisine from Coptis chinensis inhibits production of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 780:106-14. [PMID: 27018392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coptis chinensis has been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in China and other Asian countries for centuries. However, the chemical constituents and mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of this medicinal plant are poorly understood. Here, coptisine, the main constituent of C. chinensis, was shown to potently inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO) by suppressing the protein and mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Coptisine also inhibited the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by suppressing expression of cytokine mRNA. Coptisine suppressed the degradation of inhibitor of nuclear factor κBα (IκBα) and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt). Coptisine had no effect on the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) as well as LPS binding to TLR-4. Coptisine also inhibited carrageenan-elicited rat paw edema and reduced the release of TNF-α and NO in rat inflamed tissue. These results suggest that coptisine inhibits LPS-stimulated inflammation by blocking nuclear factor-kappa B, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt activation in macrophages, and can be used as an agent for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasi Wu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Boyang Hu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ping Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Xianli Meng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China.
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Kim JS, Oh D, Yim MJ, Park JJ, Kang KR, Cho IA, Moon SM, Oh JS, You JS, Kim CS, Kim DK, Lee SY, Lee GJ, Im HJ, Kim SG. Berberine induces FasL-related apoptosis through p38 activation in KB human oral cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1775-82. [PMID: 25634589 PMCID: PMC4440222 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the anticancer properties of berberine in KB oral cancer cells with a specific focus on its cellular mechanism. Berberine did not affect the cell viability of the primary human normal oral keratinocytes that were used as a control. However, the viability of KB cells was found to decrease significantly in the presence of berberine in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, in KB cells, berberine induced the fragmentation of genomic DNA, changes in cell morphology, and nuclear condensation. In addition, caspase-3 and -7 activation, and an increase in apoptosis were observed. Berberine was also found to upregulate significantly the expression of the death receptor ligand, FasL. In turn, this upregulation triggered the activation of pro-apoptotic factors such as caspase-8, -9 and -3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Furthermore, pro-apoptotic factors such as Bax, Bad and Apaf-1 were also significantly upregulated by berberine. Anti-apoptotic factors such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL were downregulated. Z-VAD-FMK, a cell-permeable pan-caspase inhibitor, suppressed the activation of caspase-3 and PARP. These results clearly indicate that berberine-induced cell death of KB oral cancer cells was mediated by both extrinsic death receptor-dependent and intrinsic mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic signaling pathways. In addition, berberine-induced upregulation of FasL was shown to be mediated by the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. We also found that berberine-induced migration suppression was mediated by downregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 through phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. In summary, berberine has the potential to be used as a chemotherapeutic agent, with limited side-effects, for the management of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Kim
- The Division of Natural Medical Science, College of Health Science, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Oh
- Oral Biology Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Yim
- Regional Innovation Center for Dental Science and Engineering, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Park
- Regional Innovation Center for Dental Science and Engineering, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Rok Kang
- Oral Biology Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - In-A Cho
- Oral Biology Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Moon
- Oral Biology Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Oh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seek You
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Sung Kim
- Oral Biology Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyung Kim
- Oral Biology Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Young Lee
- Regional Innovation Center for Dental Science and Engineering, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Je Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Su-Gwan Kim
- Oral Biology Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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Wang L, Li H, Wang S, Liu R, Wu Z, Wang C, Wang Y, Chen M. Enhancing the antitumor activity of berberine hydrochloride by solid lipid nanoparticle encapsulation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:834-44. [PMID: 24696391 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine hydrochloride (BH) is an isoquinolin alkaloid with promising anticancer efficacies. Nevertheless, further development and application of this compound had been hampered by its poor aqueous solubility, low gastrointestinal absorption, and rapid metabolism in the body. In this study, a solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN)-based system was developed for efficient incorporation and persistent release of BH. The drug-loading SLNs (BH-loaded SLNs) were stable, with a mean particle size of 81.42 ± 8.48 nm and zeta potential of -28.67 ± 0.71 mV. BH-loaded SLNs showed desirable drug entrapment efficiency and drug-loaded, and the release of BH from SLNs was significantly slower than free BH. Importantly, our in vitro study indicated that BH-loaded SLNs more significantly inhibited cell proliferation on MCF-7, HepG 2, and A549 cancer cells. Meanwhile, clone formation, cellular uptake, cell cycle arrest, and cell apoptosis studies also demonstrated that BH-loaded SLNs enhanced the antitumor efficacies of BH on MCF-7 cancer cells. Taken together, our results suggest that this SLN formulation may serve as a novel, simple, and efficient system for the delivery of BH.
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