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Fan Y, Zhou W, Li G, Liu X, Zhong P, Liu K, Liu Y, Wang D. Protective effects of sodium humate and its zinc and selenium chelate on the oxidative stress, inflammatory, and intestinal barrier damage of Salmonella Typhimurium-challenged broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103541. [PMID: 38471228 PMCID: PMC11067757 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of dietary administration of sodium humate (HNa) and its zinc and selenium chelate (Zn/Se-HNa) in mitigating Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhi) induced intestinal injury in broiler chickens. Following the gavage of 109 CFU S. Typhi to 240 broilers from 21-d to 23-d aged, various growth performance parameters such as body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed ratio (FCR) were measured before and after infection. Intestinal morphology was assessed to determine the villus height, crypt depth, and chorionic cryptologic ratio. To evaluate intestinal barrier integrity, levels of serum diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactic acid, tight junction proteins, and the related genes were measured in each group of broilers. An analysis was conducted on inflammatory-related cytokines, oxidase activity, and Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) and Nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway-related proteins and mRNA expression. The results revealed a significant decrease in BW, ADG, and FCR in S. typhi-infected broilers. HNa tended to increase FCR (P = 0.056) while the supplementation of Zn/Se-HNa significantly restored BW and ADG (P < 0.05). HNa and Zn/Se-HNa exhibit favorable and comparable effects in enhancing the levels of serum DAO, D-lactate, and mRNA and protein expression of jejunum and ileal tight junction. In comparison to HNa, Zn/Se-HNa demonstrates a greater reduction in S. Typhi shedding in feces, as well as superior efficacy in enhancing the intestinal morphology, increasing serum catalase (CAT) activity, inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines, and suppressing the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Collectively, Zn/Se-HNa was a more effective treatment than HNa to alleviate adverse impact of S. Typhi infection in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenzhu Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guili Li
- Qiqihar Center for Disease Control and Prevention Qiqihar, China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Peng Zhong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Zhou H, Chen Z, Li J, Wang R, Bu H, Ruan C. Dietary Supplementation with Nervonic Acid Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Modulating of Gut Microbiota Composition-Fecal Metabolites Interaction. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024:e2300671. [PMID: 38566522 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury stands as a prominent global contributor to disability and mortality. Nervonic acid (NA), a bioactive elongated monounsaturated fatty acid, holds pivotal significance in human physiological well-being. This research aims to explore the prophylactic effects and fundamental mechanisms of NA in a rat model of cerebral IR injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Through the induction of middle cerebral artery occlusion, this study establishes a rat model of cerebral IR injury and comprehensively assesses the pharmacodynamic impacts of NA pretreatment. This evaluation involves behavioral analyses, histopathological examinations, and quantification of serum markers. Detailed mechanisms of nervonic acid's prophylactic effects are revealed through fecal metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing analyses. Our findings robustly support nervonic acid's capacity to ameliorate neurological impairments in rats afflicted with cerebral IR injury. Beyond its neurological benefits, NA demonstrates its potential by rectifying metabolic perturbations across diverse pathways, particularly those pertinent to unsaturated fatty acid metabolism. Additionally, NA emerges as a modulator of gut microbiota composition, notably by selectively enhancing vital genera like Lactobacillus. CONCLUSION These comprehensive findings highlight the potential of incorporating NA as a functional component in dietary interventions aimed at targeting cerebral IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jingbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
| | - Rongjin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hongshi Bu
- National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Chengjiang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
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Zha K, Xiong Y, Zhang W, Tan M, Hu W, Lin Z, Cheng P, Lu L, Cai K, Mi B, Feng Q, Zhao Y, Liu G. Waste to Wealth: Near-Infrared/pH Dual-Responsive Copper-Humic Acid Hydrogel Films for Bacteria-Infected Cutaneous Wound Healing. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17199-17216. [PMID: 37624642 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The clinical applications of currently used photosensitizers are limited by high costs, inconvenient preparation, suboptimal biodegradability, and a lack of biological activity. Humic acids (HAs) show photothermal activity and can be used as a photosensitizer for photothermal therapy. In the presence of various functional groups, HAs are endowed with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The solubility of HAs is dependent on the pH value, which is soluble in neutral to alkaline conditions and undergoes a conformational change to a coiled and compact structure in acidic conditions. Additionally, Cu2+ is an emerging therapeutic agent for cutaneous wounds and can be chelated by HAs to form complexes. In this study, we explore the ability of HAs to modulate the inflammatory response, particularly macrophage polarization, and the potential underlying mechanism. We fabricate a near-infrared (NIR)/pH dual-responsive Cu-HAs nanoparticle (NP)-based poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel film loaded with SEW2871 (SEW), a macrophage recruitment agent, to treat bacteria-infected cutaneous wounds. The results show that HAs could promote M2 macrophage polarization in a dose-dependent manner. The Cu-HAs NPs successfully eradicated bacterial infection through NIR-induced local hyperthermia. This PVA@Cu-HAs NPs@SEW hydrogel film improves tissue regeneration by promoting M2 macrophage polarization, alleviating oxidative stress, enhancing angiogenesis, and facilitating collagen deposition. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of PVA@Cu-HAs NPs@SEW hydrogel film for the treatment of bacterially infected cutaneous wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Zha
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Meijun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Weixian Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ze Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
| | - Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
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Zykova MV, Volikov AB, Buyko EE, Bratishko KA, Ivanov VV, Konstantinov AI, Logvinova LA, Mihalyov DA, Sobolev NA, Zhirkova AM, Maksimov SV, Perminova IV, Belousov MV. Enhanced Antioxidant Activity and Reduced Cytotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles Stabilized by Different Humic Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3386. [PMID: 37631443 PMCID: PMC10457742 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The current article describes the biological activity of new biomaterials combining the "green" properties of humic substances (HSs) and silver nanoparticles. The aim is to investigate the antioxidant activity (AOA) of HS matrices (macroligands) and AgNPs stabilized with humic macroligands (HS-AgNPs). The unique chemical feature of HSs makes them very promising ligands (matrices) for AgNP stabilization. HSs have previously been shown to exert many pharmacological effects mediated by their AOA. AgNPs stabilized with HS showed a pronounced ability to bind to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the test with ABTS. Also, higher AOA was observed for HS-AgNPs as compared to the HS matrices. In vitro cytotoxicity studies have shown that the stabilization of AgNPs with the HS matrices reduces the cytotoxicity of AgNPs. As a result of in vitro experiments with the use of 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), it was found that all HS materials tested and the HS-AgNPs did not exhibit prooxidant effects. Moreover, more pronounced AOA was shown for HS-AgNP samples as compared to the original HS matrices. Two putative mechanisms of the pronounced AOA of the tested compositions are proposed: firstly, the pronounced ability of HSs to inactivate ROS and, secondly, the large surface area and surface-to-volume ratio of HS-AgNPs, which facilitate electron transfer and mitigate kinetic barriers to the reduction reaction. As a result, the antioxidant properties of the tested HS-AgNPs might be of particular interest for biomedical applications aimed at inhibiting the growth of bacteria and viruses and the healing of purulent wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V. Zykova
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (E.E.B.); (K.A.B.); (V.V.I.); (L.A.L.); (D.A.M.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Alexander B. Volikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.V.); (A.I.K.); (N.A.S.); (A.M.Z.); (S.V.M.); (I.V.P.)
| | - Evgeny E. Buyko
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (E.E.B.); (K.A.B.); (V.V.I.); (L.A.L.); (D.A.M.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Kristina A. Bratishko
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (E.E.B.); (K.A.B.); (V.V.I.); (L.A.L.); (D.A.M.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Vladimir V. Ivanov
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (E.E.B.); (K.A.B.); (V.V.I.); (L.A.L.); (D.A.M.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Andrey I. Konstantinov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.V.); (A.I.K.); (N.A.S.); (A.M.Z.); (S.V.M.); (I.V.P.)
| | - Lyudmila A. Logvinova
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (E.E.B.); (K.A.B.); (V.V.I.); (L.A.L.); (D.A.M.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Dmitrii A. Mihalyov
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (E.E.B.); (K.A.B.); (V.V.I.); (L.A.L.); (D.A.M.); (M.V.B.)
| | - Nikita A. Sobolev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.V.); (A.I.K.); (N.A.S.); (A.M.Z.); (S.V.M.); (I.V.P.)
| | - Anastasia M. Zhirkova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.V.); (A.I.K.); (N.A.S.); (A.M.Z.); (S.V.M.); (I.V.P.)
| | - Sergey V. Maksimov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.V.); (A.I.K.); (N.A.S.); (A.M.Z.); (S.V.M.); (I.V.P.)
| | - Irina V. Perminova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.B.V.); (A.I.K.); (N.A.S.); (A.M.Z.); (S.V.M.); (I.V.P.)
| | - Mikhail V. Belousov
- Pharmaceutical Faculty, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (E.E.B.); (K.A.B.); (V.V.I.); (L.A.L.); (D.A.M.); (M.V.B.)
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Chhabra S, Mehan S. Matrine exerts its neuroprotective effects by modulating multiple neuronal pathways. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1471-1499. [PMID: 37103719 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that misfolding, clumping, and accumulation of proteins in the brain may be common causes and pathogenic mechanism for several neurological illnesses. This causes neuronal structural deterioration and disruption of neural circuits. Research from various fields supports this idea, indicating that developing a single treatment for several severe conditions might be possible. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants play an essential part in maintaining the brain's chemical equilibrium by affecting the proximity of neurons. Matrine is a tetracyclo-quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the plant Sophora flavescens Aiton. Matrine has been shown to have a therapeutic effect on Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and various other neurological disorders. Numerous studies have demonstrated that matrine protects neurons by altering multiple signalling pathways and crossing the blood-brain barrier. As a result, matrine may have therapeutic utility in the treatment of a variety of neurocomplications. This work aims to serve as a foundation for future clinical research by reviewing the current state of matrine as a neuroprotective agent and its potential therapeutic application in treating neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses. Future research will answer many concerns and lead to fascinating discoveries that could impact other aspects of matrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swesha Chhabra
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
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Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Ontology-Based Model of the Antioxidant and Cell Protective Activity of Peat Humic Acids. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163293. [PMID: 36015549 PMCID: PMC9412878 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peat humic acids are well known for their wide range of biological effects which can be attributed to the complex chemical structure of naturally occurring humic substances. One of the promising tools is an ontology-based quantitative analysis of the relationship between physical and chemical parameters describing a chemical structure of peat humic acids and their biological activity. This article demonstrates the feasibility of such an approach to estimate the antioxidant and cell protective properties of the peat humic acids. The structural parameters of the peat humic acids were studied by electronic, fluorescence, infrared, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, titrimetric analysis, elemental C,H,N, and O- analysis, and gel chromatography. Antioxidant and antiradical activities were assessed by physicochemical methods of analysis: electronic paramagnetic resonance, cathodic voltammetry, ABTS•+ scavenging, assay of DPPH radical-scavenging activity, assay of superoxide radical-scavenging activity, iron chelating activity, and scavenging of hydroxyl radicals. Cytoprotective activity was evaluated by the neutral red-based cytotoxicity test in 3T3-L1 cell culture in a wide range of concentrations. Assessment of intracellular ROS production was carried out using a 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluoresceindiacetate (DCFDA) fluorescent probe. Intracellular ROS production was induced using two common prooxidants (tert-butyl hydroperoxide, Fe2+ ions). We suggested an ontology-based model for the antioxidant and cytoprotective activity of humic acids based on experimental data and numerical models. This model establishes the way to further research on the biological effects of humic acids and provides a useful tool for numerical simulation of these effects. Remarkable antioxidant and cell protective activity of humic acids makes them a promising natural source of new pharmaceutical substances that feature a wide range of biological effects.
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Wang D, You Z, Du Y, Zheng D, Jia H, Liu Y. Influence of Sodium Humate on the Growth Performance, Diarrhea Incidence, Blood Parameters, and Fecal Microflora of Pre-Weaned Dairy Calves. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12010123. [PMID: 35011229 PMCID: PMC8749607 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the administration of sodium humate (NaH) on the growth performance, diarrhea incidence, and fecal microflora of pre-weaned Holstein calves. In a 53-day experiment, forty healthy newborn female calves were randomly allocated to the following four treatment groups: (1) control (basal diet); (2) 1-gram NaH (basal diet extra orally supplemented with 1 g of NaH dissolved in 100 mL of milk or milk replacer daily); (3) 3-gram NaH (basal diet extra orally supplemented with 3 g of NaH dissolved in 100 mL of milk or milk replacer daily); and (4) 5-gram NaH (basal diet extra orally supplemented with 5 g of NaH dissolved in 100 mL of milk or milk replacer daily). NaH was mixed with milk (d 2–20) or milk replacer (d 21–53). Calves in the 5-gram NaH group had a higher ADG during d 1 to 21 and d 21 to 53 than the other groups did (p < 0.05). Fecal scores and diarrheal incidence were significantly lower in the 3-gram and 5-gram NaH groups than the 1-gram NaH and control groups during d 1 to 20 (p < 0.05). The serum IgA, IgG and IL-4 concentrations, and T-SOD and T-AOC activities were higher, and the serum IL-6, TNF-α, D-lactic acid, and MDA concentrations were lower in the 5-gram NaH group than the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, NaH supplementation increased the abundances of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus but decreased the abundance of Escherichia coli in feces (p < 0.05). These encouraging findings indicated that supplementation with 5 g of NaH effectively improved the immune status, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal beneficial bacteria, and further improved the growth performance and reduced the diarrhea incidence of the pre-weaned dairy calves.
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Klein OI, Kulikova NA, Konstantinov AI, Zykova MV, Perminova IV. A Systematic Study of the Antioxidant Capacity of Humic Substances against Peroxyl Radicals: Relation to Structure. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193262. [PMID: 34641078 PMCID: PMC8512611 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Humic substances (HS) are natural supramolecular systems of high- and low-molecular-weight compounds with distinct immunomodulatory and protective properties. The key beneficial biological activity of HS is their antioxidant activity. However, systematic studies of the antioxidant activity of HS against biologically relevant peroxyl radicals are still scarce. The main objective of this work was to estimate the antioxidant capacity (AOC) of a broad set of HS widely differing in structure using an oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) assay. For this purpose, 25 samples of soil, peat, coal, and aquatic HS and humic-like substances were characterized using elemental analysis and quantitative 13C solution-state NMR. The Folin–Ciocalteu method was used to quantify total phenol (TP) content in HS. The determined AOC values varied in the range of 0.31–2.56 μmol Trolox eqv. mg−1, which is close to the values for ascorbic acid and vitamin E. Forward stepwise regression was used to reveal the four main factors contributing to the AOC value of HS: atomic C/N ratio, content of O-substituted methine and methoxyl groups, and TP. The results obtained clearly demonstrate the dependence of the AOC of HS on both phenolic and non-phenolic moieties in their structure, including carbohydrate fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga I. Klein
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Leninskiy 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalia A. Kulikova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Leninskiy 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-12, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrey I. Konstantinov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (I.V.P.)
| | - Maria V. Zykova
- Department of Chemistry, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Irina V. Perminova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (I.V.P.)
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A Comprehensive Toxicological Assessment of Fulvic Acid. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8899244. [PMID: 33381216 PMCID: PMC7758121 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8899244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Fulvic acid (FA), a humic substance, has several nutraceutical properties, including anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, and immune regulation abilities. However, systematic safety assessment remains insufficient. In the present study, a battery of toxicological studies was conducted per internationally accepted standards to investigate the genotoxicity and repeated-dose oral toxicity of FA. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats or ICR mice were used. Compared to the control group, there were no significant changes (all p > 0.05) in all FA treatment groups in the bacterial reverse mutation test, in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test, in vivo sperm shape abnormality assay, and in vivo mouse micronucleus assay. The acute toxicity test showed that no mortality or toxic effect was observed following oral administration of the maximum dose of 5,000 mg/kg BW/day to mice or rats. A 60-day subchronic study was conducted at 0 (control), 200, 1,000, and 5,000 mg/kg/day. Compared to the control group, there were no significant changes (all p > 0.05) in the body weights, feed consumption, clinical signs, hematology, clinical chemistry, organ weights, or histopathology examinations. In conclusion, the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of FA supplementation from the 60-day study was determined to be 5,000 mg/kg body weight/day, the highest dose tested. Our findings suggest that the oral administration of FA may have higher safety.
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Alkan Ozdemir S, Ozdemir N, Aksan O, Kınalı B, Bilici Güler G, Erbil G, Ozer E, Ozer E. Effect of humic acid on oxidative stress and neuroprotection in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: part 1. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:4580-4589. [PMID: 36062519 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1856809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Senem Alkan Ozdemir
- Izmir Health Science University Division of Neonatology, Dr. Behçet Uz Child Disease and Pediatric Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | - Güven Erbil
- School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Erdener Ozer
- School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Ozer
- School of Medicine, Izmir Tınaztepe University, Izmir, Turkey
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Zykova MV, Brazovsky KS, Veretennikova EE, Danilets MG, Logvinova LA, Romanenko SV, Trofimova ES, Ligacheva AA, Bratishko KA, Yusubov MS, Lyapkov AA, Belousov MV. New artificial network model to estimate biological activity of peat humic acids. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:109999. [PMID: 32784018 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This article focuses on new method to estimate biological activity of peat humic acids (HAs) using artificial neural network (ANN) to process spectroscopic measurements in infrared and visible ranges. Conventional approaches generally rely on biological models and direct detection of chemical substances related to bioactivity. These methods proved to be accurate and reliable, but at the expense of speed and simplicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recently, a conception of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) has been introduced and successfully implemented to predict effects of HAs on toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Our research stems from this conception, but employs multilayer perceptron (MLP) model to improve overall performance. The developed MLP model allowed us to estimate biological activity of the complete vertical peat cores collected from oligotrophic peat bog, located in southern taiga zone of West Siberia (north-eastern spurs of the Great Vasyugan Mire, 56°58' N 82о36' E). In total, 42 samples taken from the cores were collected. The protocol included spectroscopy (in infrared and visible ranges) and biological model with peritoneal activated macrophages as a reference method to directly measure biological activity of HAs. RESULTS and discussion. Numerical experiments confirmed consistency of the measured and estimated bioactivity, coefficient of determination R2 = 0.97. These experiments also showed that the MLP model significantly outperforms conventional linear multiple regression models, mainly due to essential nonlinearity of structure-activity relationships. CONCLUSIONS Our research demonstrates that biological activity of HAs extracted from peat samples can be estimated using an artificial neural network model trained on infrared and visible spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Zykova
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.
| | | | - Elena E Veretennikova
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems RAS, Russia
| | - Marina G Danilets
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | | | - Sergey V Romanenko
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Evgenia S Trofimova
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Ligacheva
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Kristina A Bratishko
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Mekhman S Yusubov
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Alexey A Lyapkov
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Michael V Belousov
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
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12
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Clemente Z, Silva GH, de Souza Nunes MC, Martinez DST, Maurer-Morelli CV, Thomaz AA, Castro VLSS. Exploring the mechanisms of graphene oxide behavioral and morphological changes in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30508-30523. [PMID: 31463743 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of natural organic matter such as humic acid (HA) can influence the behavior of graphene oxide (GO) in the aquatic environment. In this study, zebrafish embryos were analyzed after 5 and 7 days of exposure to GO (100 mg L-1) and HA (20 mg L-1) alone or together. The results indicated that, regardless of the presence of HA, larvae exposed to GO for 5 days showed an increase in locomotor activity, reduction in the yolk sac size, and total length and inhibition of AChE activity, but there was no difference in enzyme expression. The statistical analysis indicated that the reductions in total larval length, yolk sac size, and AChE activity in larvae exposed to GO persisted in relation to the control group, but there was a recovery of these parameters in groups also exposed to HA. Larvae exposed to GO for 7 days did not show significant differences in locomotor activity, but the RT-PCR gene expression analysis evidenced an increase in the AChE expression. Since the embryos exposed to GO showed a reduction in overall length, they were submitted to confocal microscopy and their muscle tissue configuration investigated. No changes were observed in the muscle tissue. The results indicated that HA is associated with the toxicity risk modulation by GO and that some compensatory homeostasis mechanisms may be involved in the developmental effects observed in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Clemente
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Biosafety, Embrapa Environment, Jaguariúna, São Paulo, 13820-000, Brazil.
- Brazilian National Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research on Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Helena Silva
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Biosafety, Embrapa Environment, Jaguariúna, São Paulo, 13820-000, Brazil
- Brazilian National Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research on Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Miriam Celi de Souza Nunes
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13087-883, Brazil
| | - Diego Stéfani Teodoro Martinez
- Brazilian National Nanotechnology Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research on Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Claudia Vianna Maurer-Morelli
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13087-883, Brazil
| | - Andre Alexandre Thomaz
- Department of Quantum Electronics, Institute of Physics "Gleb Wataghin", University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brazil
- National Institute of Photonics Applied to Cell Biology (INFABIC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brazil
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Risperidone Treatment after Transient Ischemia Induces Hypothermia and Provides Neuroprotection in the Gerbil Hippocampus by Decreasing Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184621. [PMID: 31540405 PMCID: PMC6770640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence from preclinical and clinical studies has shown that mild hypothermia is neuroprotective against ischemic stroke. We investigated the neuroprotective effect of post-risperidone (RIS) treatment against transient ischemic injury and its mechanisms in the gerbil brain. Transient ischemia (TI) was induced in the telencephalon by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) for 5 min under normothermic condition (37 ± 0.2 °C). Treatment of RIS induced hypothermia until 12 h after TI in the TI-induced animals under uncontrolled body temperature (UBT) compared to that under controlled body temperature (CBT) (about 37 °C). Neuroprotective effect was statistically significant when we used 5 and 10 mg/kg doses (p < 0.05, respectively). In the RIS-treated TI group, many CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus survived under UBT compared to those under CBT. In this group under UBT, post-treatment with RIS to TI-induced animals markedly attenuated the activation of glial cells, an increase of oxidative stress markers [dihydroethidium, 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)], and a decrease of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in their CA1 pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, RIS-induced hypothermia was significantly interrupted by NBOH-2C-CN hydrochloride (a selective 5-HT2A receptor agonist), but not bromocriptine mesylate (a D2 receptor agonist). Our findings indicate that RIS-induced hypothermia can effectively protect neuronal cell death from TI injury through attenuation of glial activation and maintenance of antioxidants, showing that 5-HT2A receptor is involved in RIS-induced hypothermia. Therefore, RIS could be introduced to reduce body temperature rapidly and might be applied to patients for hypothermic therapy following ischemic stroke.
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Zhao N, Xu X, Jiang Y, Gao J, Wang F, Xu X, Wen Z, Xie Y, Li J, Li R, Lv Q, Liu Q, Dai Q, Liu X, Xu G. Lipocalin-2 may produce damaging effect after cerebral ischemia by inducing astrocytes classical activation. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:168. [PMID: 31426811 PMCID: PMC6699078 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functions of astrocytes in the rehabilitation after ischemic stroke, especially their impacts on inflammatory processes, remain controversial. This study uncovered two phenotypes of astrocytes, of which one was helpful, and the other harmful to anoxic neurons after brain ischemia. Methods We tested the levels of inflammatory factors including TNF-a, IL-6, IL-10, iNOS, IL-1beta, and CXCL10 in primary astrocytes at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after OGD, grouped the hypoxia astrocytes into iNOS-positive (iNOS(+)) and iNOS-negative (iNOS(−)) by magnetic bead sorting, and then co-cultured the two groups of cells with OGD-treated neurons for 24 h. We further verified the polarization of astrocytes in vivo by detecting the co-localization of iNOS, GFAP, and Iba-1 on MCAO brain sections. Lentivirus overexpressing LCN2 and LCN2 knockout mice (#024630. JAX, USA) were used to explore the role of LCN2 in the functional polarization of astrocytes. 7.0-T MRI scanning and the modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) were used to evaluate the neurological outcomes of the mice. Results After oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), iNOS mRNA expression increased to the peak at 6 h in primary astrocytes, but keep baseline expression in LCN2-knockout astrocytes. In mice with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), LCN2 was proved necessary for astrocyte classical activation. In LCN2 knockout mice with MCAO, no classically activated astrocytes were detected, and smaller infarct volumes and better neurological functions were observed. Conclusions The results indicated a novel pattern of astrocyte activation after ischemic stroke and lipocalin-2 (LCN2) plays a key role in polarizing and activating astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Roud, Shanghai, 20025, China
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuoyu Wen
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juanji Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiushi Lv
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiliang Dai
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Gelin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
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The Role of NO Synthase in the Cardioprotective Effect of Substances of Humic Origin on the Model of Ischemia and Reperfusion of Isolated Rat Heart. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 166:598-601. [PMID: 30903506 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cardioprotective and inotropic effects of standardized active natural substance based on high-molecular-weight compounds of humic origin were studied on the model of global ischemia (40 min) and reperfusion of isolated perfused rat heart. Preventive administration of the test substance (0.1 mg/ml) before ischemia/reperfusion modeling reduced reperfusion contracture and necrotic death of cardiomyocytes and promoted recovery of myocardial contractility. Blockade of NO synthase with L-NAME (100 μM) abolished the above effects of the test substance. It was hypothesized that NO synthase plays an important role in the development of the cardioprotective and inotropic effects of the test natural substance.
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Lee JC, Park CW, Shin MC, Cho JH, Lee HA, Kim YM, Park JH, Ahn JH, Cho JH, Tae HJ, Hwang IK, Lee TK, Won MH, Kang IJ. Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 is required for ischemic preconditioning-mediated neuroprotection in the hippocampus following a subsequent longer transient cerebral ischemia. Neurochem Int 2018; 118:292-303. [PMID: 29777731 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine implicated in neuronal damage in response to cerebral ischemia. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) provides neuroprotection against a subsequent severer or longer transient ischemia by ischemic tolerance. Here, we focused on the role of TNF-α in IPC-mediated neuroprotection against neuronal death following a subsequent longer transient cerebral ischemia (TCI). Gerbils used in this study were randomly assigned to eight groups; sham group, TCI operated group, IPC plus (+) sham group, IPC + TCI operated group, sham + etanercept (an inhibitor of TNF-a) group, TCI + etanercept group, IPC + sham + etanercept group, and IPC + TCI + etanercept group. IPC was induced by a 2-min sublethal transient ischemia, which was operated 1 day prior to a longer (5-min) TCI. A significant death of neurons was found in the stratum pyramidale (SP) in the CA1 area (CA1) of the hippocampus 5 days after TCI; however, IPC protected SP neurons from TCI. We found that TNF-α immunoreactivity was significantly increased in CA1 pyramidal neurons in the TCI and IPC + TCI groups compared to the sham group. TNF-R1 expression in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the TCI group was also increased 1 and 2 days after TCI; however, in the IPC + TCI group, TNF-R1 expression was significantly lower than that in the TCI group. On the other hand, we did not detect TNF-R2 immunoreactivity in CA1 pyramidal neurons 1 and 2 days after TCI; meanwhile, in the IPC + TCI group, TNF-R2 expression was significantly increased compared to TNF-R2 expression at 1 and 2 days after TCI. In addition, in this group, TNF-R2 was newly expressed in pericytes, which are important cells in the blood brain barrier, from 1 day after TCI. When we treated etanercept to the IPC + TCI group, IPC-induced neuroprotection was significantly weakened. In brief, this study indicates that IPC confers neuroprotection against TCI by TNF-α signaling through TNF-R2 and suggests that the enhancement of TNF-R2 expression by IPC may be a legitimate strategy for a therapeutic intervention of TCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Ah Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Chonbuk, 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Chonbuk, 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341 Republic of Korea.
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24252 Republic of Korea.
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Zykova MV, Schepetkin IA, Belousov MV, Krivoshchekov SV, Logvinova LA, Bratishko KA, Yusubov MS, Romanenko SV, Quinn MT. Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Humic Acids Isolated from Peat of Various Origins. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040753. [PMID: 29587351 PMCID: PMC6017172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although humic acids (HAs) from peat exhibit various therapeutic properties, there is little information available concerning their physicochemical and antioxidant properties. To address this issue, nine different types of peat, including oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and minerotrophic peat samples, were used for isolation of HA fractions by basic (HAb) and pyrophosphate (HAp) extractions. Physical parameters of the HAs were analyzed by UV-Vis, fluorescent, infrared (IR), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Average Mr of the fractions ranged from 17.2 to 39.7 kDa, while their humification index (HIX) varied from 0.49 to 1.21. HAp fractions had a higher content of aromatic structures compared to HAb fractions. Moreover, HAp fractions had a significantly higher content of phenolic OH groups (3.6 ± 0.5 mmol/g) versus HAb (3.1 ± 0.5 mmol/g). All HA fractions exhibited antioxidant activity in radical scavenging and electrochemical assays, and their EPR signal had a single line with g = 2.0035, which is consistent with semiquinone type radicals. Furthermore, the HIX was found to be important in determining the number of semiquinone-type free radicals in the HA structures. Overall, these data provide a molecular basis to explain at least part of the beneficial therapeutic properties of peat-derived HAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Zykova
- Department of Chemistry, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
| | - Michael V Belousov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Krivoshchekov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
- Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Technologies, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Lyudmila A Logvinova
- Department of Chemistry, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Kristina A Bratishko
- Department of Chemistry, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Mekhman S Yusubov
- Department of Chemistry, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
- Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Technologies, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Romanenko
- Department of Chemistry, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
- Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Technologies, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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Clemente Z, Castro VLSS, Franqui LS, Silva CA, Martinez DST. Nanotoxicity of graphene oxide: Assessing the influence of oxidation debris in the presence of humic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 225:118-128. [PMID: 28363143 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the toxicological effects of graphene oxide (GO) through tests with Danio rerio (zebrafish) embryos, considering the influence of the base washing treatment and the interaction with natural organic matter (i.e., humic acid, HA). A commercial sample of GO was refluxed with NaOH to remove oxidation debris (OD) byproducts, which resulted in a base washed GO sample (bw-GO). This process decreased the total oxygenated groups in bw-GO and its stability in water compared to GO. When tested in the presence of HA, both GO and bw-GO stabilities were enhanced in water. Although the embryo exposure showed no acute toxicity or malformation, the larvae exposed to GO showed a reduction in their overall length and acetylcholinesterase activity. In the presence of HA, GO also inhibited acid phosphatase activity. Our findings indicate a mitigation of material toxicity after OD removal. The difference in the biological effects may be related to the materials' bioavailability and biophysicochemical interactions. This study reports for the first time the critical influence of OD on the GO material biological reactivity and HA interaction, providing new data for nanomaterial environmental risk assessment and sustainable nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Clemente
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Biosafety, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Environment), Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil; Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vera Lúcia S S Castro
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Biosafety, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Environment), Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil
| | - Lidiane S Franqui
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane A Silva
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Stéfani T Martinez
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Swidsinski A, Dörffel Y, Loening-Baucke V, Gille C, Reißhauer A, Göktas O, Krüger M, Neuhaus J, Schrödl W. Impact of humic acids on the colonic microbiome in healthy volunteers. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:885-890. [PMID: 28223733 PMCID: PMC5296205 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i5.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To test the effects of humic acids on innate microbial communities of the colon.
METHODS We followed the effects of oral supplementation with humic acids (Activomin®) on concentrations and composition of colonic microbiome in 14 healthy volunteers for 45 d. 3 × 800 mg Activomin® were taken orally for 10 d followed by 3 × 400 mg for 35 d. Colonic microbiota were investigated using multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of Carnoy fixated and paraffin embedded stool cylinders. Two stool samples were collected a week prior to therapy and one stool sample on days 10, 31 and 45. Forty-one FISH probes representing different bacterial groups were used.
RESULTS The sum concentration of colonic microbiota increased from 20% at day 10 to 30% by day 31 and remained stable until day 45 (32%) of humic acid supplementation (P < 0.001). The increase in the concentrations in each person was due to growth of preexisting groups. The individual microbial profile of the patients remained unchanged. Similarly, the bacterial diversity remained stable. Concentrations of 24 of the 35 substantial groups increased from 20% to 96%. Two bacterial groups detected with Bac303 (Bacteroides) and Myc657 (mycolic acid-containing Actinomycetes) FISH probes decreased (P > 0.05). The others remained unaffected. Bacterial groups with initially marginal concentrations (< 0.1 × 109/mL) demonstrated no response to humic acids. The concentrations of pioneer groups of Bifidobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium difficile increased but the observed differences were statistically not significant.
CONCLUSION Humic acids have a profound effect on healthy colonic microbiome and may be potentially interesting substances for the development of drugs that control the innate colonic microbiome.
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Park JH, Park CW, Ahn JH, Choi SY, Shin MC, Cho JH, Lee TK, Kim IH, Cho JH, Lee JC, Kim YH, Kim YM, Kim JD, Tae HJ, Shin BN, Bae EJ, Chen BH, Won MH, Kang IJ. Neuroprotection and reduced gliosis by pre- and post-treatments of hydroquinone in a gerbil model of transient cerebral ischemia. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 278:230-238. [PMID: 28137511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydroquinone (HQ), a major metabolite of benzene, exists in many plant-derived food and products. Although many studies have addressed biological properties of HQ including the regulation of immune responses and antioxidant activity, neuroprotective effects of HQ following ischemic insults have not yet been considered. Therefore, in this study, we examined neuroprotective effects of HQ against ischemic damage in the gerbil hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region following 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. We found that pre- and post-treatments with 50 and 100 mg/kg of HQ protected CA1 pyramidal neurons from ischemic insult. Especially, pre- and post-treatments with 100 mg/kg of HQ showed strong neuroprotective effects against ischemic damage. In addition, pre- and post-treatments with 100 mg/kg of HQ significantly attenuated activations of astrocytes and microglia in the ischemic CA1 region compared to the vehicle-treated-ischemia-operated group. Briefly, these results show that pre- and post-treatments with HQ can protect neurons from transient cerebral ischemia and strongly attenuate ischemia-induced glial activation in the hippocampal CA1 region, and indicate that HQ can be used for both prevention and therapy of ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea
| | - Chan Woo Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Yang Hee Kim
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Jong-Dai Kim
- Division of Food Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea
| | - Bich Na Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea
| | - Eun Joo Bae
- Department of Pediatrics, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, South Korea
| | - Bai Hui Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea.
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Roles of HIF-1α, VEGF, and NF-κB in Ischemic Preconditioning-Mediated Neuroprotection of Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons Against a Subsequent Transient Cerebral Ischemia. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6984-6998. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Akbas A, Silan C, Gulpinar MT, Sancak EB, Ozkanli SS, Cakir DU. Renoprotective Effect of Humic Acid on Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: An Experimental Study in Rats. Inflammation 2016; 38:2042-8. [PMID: 25985848 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Humic acid is an antioxidant molecule used in agriculture and livestock breeding, as well as in medicine. Our aim was to investigate the potential renoprotective effects of humic acid in a renal ischemia reperfusion model. Twenty-one rats were randomly divided into three equal groups. Intraperitoneal serum or humic acid was injected at 1, 12, and 24 h. Non-ischemic group I was evaluated as sham. The left renal artery was clamped in serum (group II) and intraperitoneal humic acid (group III) to subject to left renal ischemic reperfusion procedure. Ischemia and reperfusion time was 60 min for each. Total antioxidant status, total oxidative status, oxidative stress index, and ischemia-modified albumin levels were analyzed biochemically from the serum samples. Kidneys were evaluated histopatologically and immunohistochemically. Biochemical results showed that total oxidative status, ischemia-modified albumin, and oxidative stress index levels were significantly decreased, but total antioxidant status was increased in the humic acid group (III) compared with the ischemia group (II) On histopathological examination, renal tubular dilatation, tubular cell damage and necrosis, dilatation of Bowman's capsule, hyaline casts, and tubular cell spillage were decreased in the humic acid group (III) compared with the ischemia group (II). Immunohistochemical results showed that apoptosis was deteriorated in group III. Renal ischemia reperfusion injury was attenuated by humic acid administration. These observations indicate that humic acid may have a potential therapeutic effect on renal ischemia reperfusion injury by preventing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpaslan Akbas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey.
| | - Coskun Silan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Murat Tolga Gulpinar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Eyup Burak Sancak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Sidika Seyma Ozkanli
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Ulker Cakir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
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23
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Lee JC, Park JH, Kim IH, Cho GS, Ahn JH, Tae HJ, Choi SY, Cho JH, Kim DW, Kwon YG, Kang IJ, Won MH, Kim YM. Neuroprotection of ischemic preconditioning is mediated by thioredoxin 2 in the hippocampal CA1 region following a subsequent transient cerebral ischemia. Brain Pathol 2016; 27:276-291. [PMID: 27117068 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Preconditioning by brief ischemic episode induces tolerance to a subsequent lethal ischemic insult, and it has been suggested that reactive oxygen species are involved in this phenomenon. Thioredoxin 2 (Trx2), a small protein with redox-regulating function, shows cytoprotective roles against oxidative stress. Here, we had focused on the role of Trx2 in ischemic preconditioning (IPC)-mediated neuroprotection against oxidative stress followed by a subsequent lethal transient cerebral ischemia. Animals used in this study were randomly assigned to six groups; sham-operated group, ischemia-operated group, IPC plus (+) sham-operated group, IPC + ischemia-operated group, IPC + auranofin (a TrxR2 inhibitor) + sham-operated group and IPC + auranofin + ischemia-operated group. IPC was subjected to a 2 minutes of sublethal transient ischemia 1 day prior to a 5 minutes of lethal transient ischemia. A significant loss of neurons was found in the stratum pyramidale (SP) of the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) in the ischemia-operated-group 5 days after ischemia-reperfusion; in the IPC + ischemia-operated-group, pyramidal neurons in the SP were well protected. In the IPC + ischemia-operated-group, Trx2 and TrxR2 immunoreactivities in the SP and its protein level in the CA1 were not significantly changed compared with those in the sham-operated-group after ischemia-reperfusion. In addition, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression, superoxide anion radical ( O2-) production, denatured cytochrome c expression and TUNEL-positive cells in the IPC + ischemia-operated-group were similar to those in the sham-operated-group. Conversely, the treatment of auranofin to the IPC + ischemia-operated-group significantly increased cell damage/death and abolished the IPC-induced effect on Trx2 and TrxR2 expressions. Furthermore, the inhibition of Trx2R nearly cancelled the beneficial effects of IPC on SOD2 expression, O2- production, denatured cytochrome c expression and TUNEL-positive cells. In brief, this study shows that IPC conferred neuroprotection against ischemic injury by maintaining Trx2 and suggests that the maintenance or enhancement of Trx2 expression by IPC may be a legitimate strategy for therapeutic intervention of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Geum-Sil Cho
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Shinpoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ansan, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kangnung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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24
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Cagin YF, Sahin N, Polat A, Erdogan MA, Atayan Y, Eyol E, Bilgic Y, Seckin Y, Colak C. The Acute Effect of Humic Acid on Iron Accumulation in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 171:145-55. [PMID: 26380988 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Free iron leads to the formation of pro-oxidant reactive oxygen species (ROS). Humic acids (HAs) enhance permeability of cellular wall and act as a chelator through electron transferring. This study was designed to test chelator effect of HA on iron as well as its anti-oxidant effect against the iron-induced hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. The rats used were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8/group): group I (the control group); group II (the HA group), humic acid (562 mg/kg) was given over 10 days by oral gavage; group III (the iron group), iron III hydroxide polymaltose (250 mg/kg) was given over 10 days by intraperitoneal route; and group IV (the HA plus iron group), received the iron (similar to group II) plus humic acid (similar to those in groups II and III) group. Blood and two tissue samples both from liver and heart were obtained for biochemical and histopathological evaluations. Iron deposition, the iron-induced hepatotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity were demonstrated by histopathological and biochemical manner. However, no significant differences were observed in the serum biochemical values and the histopathological results among the iron and the HA plus iron groups in the liver tissue but not in the heart tissue. The protective effects of humic acid against iron-induced cardiotoxicity were shown but not against hepatotoxicity in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Furkan Cagin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - N Sahin
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - A Polat
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - M A Erdogan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Y Atayan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - E Eyol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Y Bilgic
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Y Seckin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - C Colak
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical Faculty, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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25
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Moore MN. Do airborne biogenic chemicals interact with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR cell signalling pathway to benefit human health and wellbeing in rural and coastal environments? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 140:65-75. [PMID: 25825132 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Living and taking recreation in rural and coastal environments promote health and wellbeing, although the causal factors involved are unclear. It has been proposed that such environments provide a counter to the stresses of everyday living, leading to enhanced mental and physical health. Living in natural environments will result in airborne exposure to a wide range of biogenic chemicals through inhalation and ingestion of airborne microbiota and particles. The "biogenics" hypothesis formulated here is that regular exposure to low concentrations of mixtures of natural compounds and toxins in natural environments confers pleiotropic health benefits by inhibiting the activities of interconnected cell signalling systems, particularly PI3K/Akt/mTORC1. When overactive, Akt and mTOR (mTORC1) can lead to many pathological processes including cancers, diabetes, inflammation, immunosuppression, and neurodegenerative diseases. There is a substantial body of evidence that many natural products (i.e., from bacteria, algae, fungi and higher plants) inhibit the activities of these protein kinases. Other mTOR-related interconnected metabolic control "switches" (e.g., PTEN & NF-κB), autophagy and other cytoprotective processes are also affected by natural products. The "biogenics" hypothesis formulated here is that regular intermittent exposure to a mixture of airborne biogenic compounds in natural environments confers pleiotropic health benefits by inhibiting activities of the highly interconnected PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 system. It is proposed that future experimental exposures to biogenic aerosols in animal models coupled with epidemiology, should target the activities of the various kinases in the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 systems and related physiological processes for selected urban, rural and coastal populations in order to test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Moore
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health (ECEHH), University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3HD, UK; Department of Science and Innovative Technology (DSIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, Alessandria, Italy; Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake's Circus, Plymouth PL4 8DD, UK.
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26
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Zhao P, Zhou R, Zhu XY, Hao YJ, Li N, Wang J, Niu Y, Sun T, Li YX, Yu JQ. Matrine attenuates focal cerebral ischemic injury by improving antioxidant activity and inhibiting apoptosis in mice. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:633-44. [PMID: 26135032 PMCID: PMC4533779 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrine, an active constituent of the Chinese herb, Sophora flavescens Ait., and it is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. It has been demonstrated that matrine exerts protective effects against heart failure by decreasing the expression of caspase-3 and Bax, and increasing Bcl-2 levels. In this study, we aimed to determine whether these protective effects of matrine can be applied to cerebral ischemia. Following 7 successive days of treatment with matrine (7.5, 15 and 30 mg/kg) and nimodipine (1 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection, male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Following reperfusion, the neurobehavioral score and brain infarct volume were estimated, and morphological changes were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and electron microscopy. The percentage of apoptotic neurons was determined by flow cytometry. The levels of oxidative stress were assessed by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins, caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2. Our results revealed that pre-treatment with matrine significantly decreased the infarct volume and improved the neurological scores. Matrine also reduced the percentage of apoptotic neurons and relieved neuronal morphological damage. Furthermore, matrine markedly decreased the MDA levels, and increased SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activity, and T-AOC. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining revealed a marked decrease in caspase-3 expression and an increase in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio in the group pre-treated with matrine (30 mg/kg) as compared with the vehicle-treated group. The findings of the present study demonstrate that matrine exerts neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemic injury and that these effects are associated with its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Ru Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Ju Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Medical Sci-tech Research Center, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xiang Li
- College of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
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27
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van Rensburg CEJ. The Antiinflammatory Properties of Humic Substances: A Mini Review. Phytother Res 2015; 29:791-5. [PMID: 25732236 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Humic substances are effective in the suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity, rat paw oedema, a graft-versus-host reaction and contact hypersensitivity in rats. They reduce the C-reactive protein levels of patients suffering from osteoarthritis of the knee and the wheel and flare reaction of patients suffering from hay fever. They have also been described as cardioprotective and pro-angiogenic. Toxicity studies have indicated that potassium humate is safe in humans up to a daily dosage of 1 g/kg, whereas fulvic acid is safe in humans up to a daily dosage of 1.8 g per adult. The antiinflammatory action of potassium humate can be contributed to the inhibition of the release of inflammatory-related cytokines, an adhesion molecule, oxidants and components of the complement system.
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