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Hu J, Zhang L, Xia H, Yan Y, Zhu X, Sun F, Sun L, Li S, Li D, Wang J, Han Y, Zhang J, Bian D, Yu H, Chen Y, Fan P, Ma Q, Jiang G, Wang C, Zhang P. Tumor microenvironment remodeling after neoadjuvant immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Genome Med 2023; 15:14. [PMID: 36869384 PMCID: PMC9985263 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, but most patients are refractory to immunotherapy or acquire resistance, with the underlying mechanisms remaining to be explored. METHODS We characterized the transcriptomes of ~92,000 single cells from 3 pre-treatment and 12 post-treatment patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade combined with chemotherapy. The 12 post-treatment samples were categorized into two groups based on pathologic response: major pathologic response (MPR; n = 4) and non-MPR (NMPR; n = 8). RESULTS Distinct therapy-induced cancer cell transcriptomes were associated with clinical response. Cancer cells from MPR patients exhibited a signature of activated antigen presentation via major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II). Further, the transcriptional signatures of FCRL4+FCRL5+ memory B cells and CD16+CX3CR1+ monocytes were enriched in MPR patients and are predictors of immunotherapy response. Cancer cells from NMPR patients exhibited overexpression of estrogen metabolism enzymes and elevated serum estradiol. In all patients, therapy promoted expansion and activation of cytotoxic T cells and CD16+ NK cells, reduction of immunosuppressive Tregs, and activation of memory CD8+T cells into an effector phenotype. Tissue-resident macrophages were expanded after therapy, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were remodeled into a neutral instead of an anti-tumor phenotype. We revealed the heterogeneity of neutrophils during immunotherapy and identified an aged CCL3+ neutrophil subset was decreased in MPR patients. The aged CCL3+ neutrophils were predicted to interact with SPP1+ TAMs through a positive feedback loop to contribute to a poor therapy response. CONCLUSIONS Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade combined with chemotherapy led to distinct NSCLC tumor microenvironment transcriptomes that correlated with therapy response. Although limited by a small patient sample size subjected to combination therapy, this study provides novel biomarkers to predict therapy response and suggests potential strategies to overcome immunotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Haoran Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yilv Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xinsheng Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fenghuan Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liangdong Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shuangyi Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dianke Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ya Han
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dongliang Bian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Huansha Yu
- Experimental Animal Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Pengyu Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Gening Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chenfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cells, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- The 1st School of Medicine, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
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Niemietz I, Brown KL. Hyaluronan promotes intracellular ROS production and apoptosis in TNFα-stimulated neutrophils. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1032469. [PMID: 36814915 PMCID: PMC9939446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1032469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hyaluronan (HA) is an important structural component of the extracellular matrix and has well-described roles in maintaining tissue integrity and homeostasis. With inflammation, HA metabolism (synthesis and degradation) increases and results in higher concentrations of soluble HA. Previously, we demonstrated that (soluble) HA primed resting neutrophils for the oxidative burst in response to a secondary stimulus. Notably, HA-mediated priming was not dependent on degranulation, which is a hallmark of priming by classical agents such as TNFα. In this study, we queried the ability of HA to prime neutrophils to different stimuli and its capacity to modulate neutrophil function in the presence of TNFα. Methods Blood neutrophils from healthy donors were stimulated ex vivo with HA in the absence and presence of classic neutrophil agonists, inclusive of TNFα. Western blotting was used to assess the activation (phosphorylation) of p38 MAPK, and key neutrophil functions associated with priming and activation, such as intracellular and extracellular ROS production, degranulation, and apoptosis, were evaluated by standard chemiluminescence assays (ROS) and flow cytometry. Results Hyaluronan is capable of atypical priming and, with TNFα, co-priming neutrophils for an enhanced (rate and/or magnitude) oxidative burst to various secondary stimuli. In addition, HA can augment intracellular ROS production that is directly induced by TNFα in resting neutrophils, which coincided with the activation of p38 MAPK and apoptosis. Conclusions These data demonstrate that the extracellular matrix component HA is a key modulator of neutrophil function(s) in the presence of inflammatory agents such as TNFα. Moreover, it provides additional evidence for the diversity and complexity of neutrophil priming and activation during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Niemietz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly L Brown
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Ahmad SMS, Al-Mansoob M, Ouhtit A. SIRT1, a novel transcriptional downstream target of CD44, linking its deacetylase activity to tumor cell invasion/metastasis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1038121. [PMID: 36505828 PMCID: PMC9727296 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1038121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our tetracycline-off-inducible CD44 expression system previously established in mouse model, revealed that activation of CD44 with its major ligand hyaluronan (HA) promoted breast cancer (BC) metastasis to the liver. To identify the mechanisms that underpin CD44-promoted BC cell invasion, microarray gene expression profiling using RNA samples from (Tet)-Off-regulated expression system of CD44s in MCF7 cells, revealed a set of upregulated genes including, nuclear sirtuin-1 (SIRT1 also known as NAD-dependent deacetylase), an enzyme that requires NAD+ as a cofactor to deacetylate several histones and transcription factors. It stimulates various oncogenic pathways promoting tumorigenesis. This data suggests that SIRT1 is a potential novel transcriptional target of CD44-downstream signaling that promote BC cell invasion/metastasis. This review will discuss the evidence supporting this hypothesis as well as the mechanisms linking SIRT1 to cell proliferation and invasion.
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Small fragments of hyaluronan are increased in individuals with obesity and contribute to low-grade inflammation through TLR-mediated activation of innate immune cells. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1960-1969. [PMID: 35896710 PMCID: PMC9584819 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim Extracellular matrix (ECM) components released during excessive fat mass expansion are considered potential endogenous danger/alarm signals contributing to innate immune system activation. The aim of the current study was to specifically measure plasma levels of low molecular weight (LMW) hyaluronan (HA) and to evaluate its role as pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) on leukocyte response in the context of human obesity. Subjects and methods Participants were selected according to their body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) as non-obese (BMI < 29.9, n = 18) and obese (BMI > 29.9, n = 33). Plasma samples were size-dependent fractionated using ion-exchange chromatography to specifically obtain LMW HA fractions that were subsequently quantified by ELISA. Cell incubation experiments with synthetic HA molecules were performed on freshly Ficoll-isolated neutrophils (PMN) and peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC). Leukocyte and adipose tissue gene expression was assessed by real-time PCR and NF-κB activation by western blot. Plasma cytokine levels were measured by fluorescent bead-based (Luminex) immunoassay. Results We observed a statistically significant increase in the circulating levels of HA fragments of LMW in individuals with obesity which were consistent with significant up-regulated expression of the LMW HA synthesizing enzyme hyaluronan synthase-1 (HAS-1) in obese adipose tissue. Gene expression assessment of HA receptors revealed up-regulated levels for TLR2 in both obese PMN and PBMC. Synthetic HA molecules of different sizes were tested on leukocytes from healthy donors. LMW HA fragments (15–40 kDa) and not those from intermediate molecular sizes (75–350 kDa) induced a significant up-regulation of the expression of major pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, MCP-1 and IL-8 in PBMC. Importantly, LMW HA was able to induce the phosphorylation of IKK α/β complex supporting its pro-inflammatory role through NF-κB activation. Conclusion Circulating LMW HA molecules are elevated in obesity and may play an important role in triggering low-grade inflammation and the development of metabolic complications.
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Lu Y, Shao Y, Xie Y, Qu H, Qi D, Dong Y, Jin Q, Wang L, Wei J, Quan C. CLDN6 inhibits breast cancer cell malignant behavior by suppressing ERK signaling. Cell Signal 2022; 97:110393. [PMID: 35752352 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Claudin 6 (CLDN6) is an important component of tight junctions. Through the PDZ binding motif, CLDN6 binds to a variety of signaling proteins that contain the PDZ domain to regulate different signaling pathways, and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Our previous work showed that CLDN6 was expressed at low levels in breast cancer cells, and overexpression of CLDN6 inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. However, the mechanism of how CLDN6 works remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism by which CLDN6 inhibits breast cancer cell malignant behavior. As a result, overexpression of CLDN6 inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells along with the downregulation of cyclin D1, which plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation. After overexpression of Sp1 in CLDN6-overexpressing cells, the expression of cyclin D1 was upregulated. On the other hand, CLDN6 inhibited breast cancer cell migration and invasion along with the downregulation of IL-8, CXCR2 and FAK. When treated with IL-8, the migration and invasion ability were promoted along with the upregulation of CXCR2 and p-FAK, and the cytoskeleton was rearranged in CLDN6-overexpressing cells. Furthermore, when treated with the ERK signaling activator PMA, the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities were promoted along with the upregulation of Sp1, cyclin D1 and IL-8 in CLDN6-overexpressin cells. In conclusion, CLDN6 suppressed ERK/Sp1/cyclin D1 and ERK/IL-8 signaling to inhibit proliferation, migration and invasion in breast cancer cells. The mechanism may provide experimental evidence for the treatment of breast cancer targeting CLDN6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijia Shao
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinping Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huinan Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyuan Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengshi Quan
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin 130021, People's Republic of China.
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Yang S, Tong Y, Chen L, Yu W. Human Identical Sequences, hyaluronan, and hymecromone ─ the new mechanism and management of COVID-19. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:15. [PMID: 35593963 PMCID: PMC9120813 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has created formidable damage to public health and market economy. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 variants has exacerbated the transmission from person-to-person. Even after a great deal of investigation on COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 is still rampaging globally, emphasizing the urgent need to reformulate effective prevention and treatment strategies. Here, we review the latest research progress of COVID-19 and provide distinct perspectives on the mechanism and management of COVID-19. Specially, we highlight the significance of Human Identical Sequences (HIS), hyaluronan, and hymecromone ("Three-H") for the understanding and intervention of COVID-19. Firstly, HIS activate inflammation-related genes to influence COVID-19 progress through NamiRNA-Enhancer network. Accumulation of hyaluronan induced by HIS-mediated HAS2 upregulation is a substantial basis for clinical manifestations of COVID-19, especially in lymphocytopenia and pulmonary ground-glass opacity. Secondly, detection of plasma hyaluronan can be effective for evaluating the progression and severity of COVID-19. Thirdly, spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 may bind to hyaluronan and further serve as an allergen to stimulate allergic reaction, causing sudden adverse effects after vaccination or the aggravation of COVID-19. Finally, antisense oligonucleotides of HIS or inhibitors of hyaluronan synthesis (hymecromone) or antiallergic agents could be promising therapeutic agents for COVID-19. Collectively, Three-H could hold the key to understand the pathogenic mechanism and create effective therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yang
- Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Tong
- Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Yu
- Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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Kong L, Ji H, Gan X, Cao S, Li Z, Jin Y. Knockdown of CD44 inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells accompanied by downregulation of cathepsin S. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:154. [PMID: 35264209 PMCID: PMC8905747 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumour of mesenchymal origin. These tumours are characterised by rich vascularisation, therefore promoting rapid proliferation and facilitating metastasis. CD44 has been reported to be involved in OS, but its role and molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the disease are not fully determined. METHODS In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of CD44 on the development of OS and further explored the molecular mechanisms. The expression of CD44, cathepsin S and MMP-9 was detected by Western blot (WB) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in different cell lines (MG63, U2OS OS and hFOB 1.19). To elucidate the role of CD44 in OS, MG63 and U2OS cells were treated with small interference RNA (siRNA) to knock down CD44, and the knockdown efficiency was validated with GFP and RT-qPCR. Furthermore, cell proliferation was assayed using Cell Counting Kit‑8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays, and cell migration and invasion were assayed by transwell and wound-healing assays. RESULTS We found that CD44 expression in the MG63 and U2OS OS cell lines was markedly increased compared to that of the human osteoblast hFOB 1.19 cell line. Knockdown of CD44 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of MG63 and U2OS cells. Cathepsin S expression in the MG63 and U2OS OS cell lines was increased compared to that of the human osteoblast hFOB 1.19 cell line. When CD44 was knocked down, its expression level went down. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data reinforced the evidence that CD44 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion of OS cells accompanied by altered expression of cathepsin S. These findings offer new clues for OS development and progression, suggesting CD44 as a potential therapeutic target for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwei Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, No. 1 Nanyingzi Street, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Hairu Ji
- Pathology Teaching and Research Section, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Xintian Gan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, No. 1 Nanyingzi Street, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Sheng Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, No. 1 Nanyingzi Street, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhehong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, No. 1 Nanyingzi Street, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, No. 1 Nanyingzi Street, Chengde, 067000, Hebei, China.
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Perez Rosero E, Heron S, Jovel J, O'Neil CR, Turvey SL, Parashar P, Elahi S. Differential Signature of the Microbiome and Neutrophils in the Oral Cavity of HIV-Infected Individuals. Front Immunol 2021; 12:780910. [PMID: 34858437 PMCID: PMC8630784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.780910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection is associated with a wide range of changes in microbial communities and immune cell components of the oral cavity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oral microbiome in relationship to oral neutrophils in HIV-infected compared to healthy individuals. We evaluated oral washes and saliva samples from HIV-infected individuals (n=52) and healthy controls (n=43). Using 16S-rRNA gene sequencing, we found differential β-diversity using Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) with Bray-Curtis distances. The α-diversity analysis by Faith’s, Shannon, and observed OTUs indexes indicated that the saliva samples from HIV-infected individuals harbored significantly richer bacterial communities compared to the saliva samples from healthy individuals. Notably, we observed that five species of Spirochaeta including Spirochaetaceae, Spirochaeta, Treponema, Treponema amylovorum, and Treponema azotonutricum were significantly abundant. In contrast, Helicobacter species were significantly reduced in the saliva of HIV-infected individuals. Moreover, we found a significant reduction in the frequency of oral neutrophils in the oral cavity of HIV-infected individuals, which was positively related to their CD4+ T cell count. In particular, we noted a significant decline in CD44 expressing neutrophils and the intensity of CD44 expression on oral neutrophils of HIV-infected individuals. This observation was supported by the elevation of soluble CD44 in the saliva of HIV-infected individuals. Overall, the core oral microbiome was distinguishable between HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy compared to the HIV-negative group. The observed reduction in oral neutrophils might likely be related to the low surface expression of CD44, resulting in a higher bacterial diversity and richness in HIV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha Heron
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Juan Jovel
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Conar R O'Neil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shannon Lee Turvey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Pallavi Parashar
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Yamamoto T, Suzuki S, Fujii T, Mima Y, Watanabe K, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Fujita N. Efficacy of hyaluronic acid on intervertebral disc inflammation: An in vitro study using notochordal cell lines and human disc cells. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:2197-2208. [PMID: 33251629 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely recognized as a therapeutic target and currently used in medicine. However, HA metabolism during intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) has not been completely elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of HA on intervertebral disc (IVD) inflammation and identify the main molecules modulating HA degradation in IVDs. To assess HA function in IVD cells in vitro, we treated human disc cells and U-CH1-N cells, a notochordal nucleus pulposus cell line, with HA or hyaluronidase. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis showed that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-mediated induction of the expression of TNF-α and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) was clearly neutralized by HA treatment, and the expression of TNF-α and COX2 was significantly induced by hyaluronidase treatment in both cell types. Additionally, Western blot analysis showed that hyaluronidase-induced phosphorylation of p38 and Erk1/2, and that TNF-α-mediated phosphorylation of p38 and Erk1/2 was clearly reduced by HA addition. In degenerating human IVD samples, immunohistochemistry for hyaluronidase showed that the expression of hyaluronidases including HYAL1, HYAL2, and cell migration-inducing protein (CEMIP) tended to increase in accordance with IVDD. In particular, HYAL1 showed statistically significant differences. In vitro study also confirmed a similar phenomenon that TNF-α treatment increased both messenger RNA and protein expression in both cell types. Our results demonstrated that HA could potentially suppress IVDD by regulating p38 and Erk1/2 pathways, and that the expression of HYAL1 was correlated with IVDD progression. These findings indicated that HYAL1 would be a potential molecular target for suppressing IVDD by controlling HA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fujii
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Mima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kawasaki Municipal Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kota Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fujita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Abstract
Intra-abdominal infection is the second most common cause of sepsis, and the mortality rate from abdominal sepsis remains high. High molecular weight (HMW) hyaluronic acid (HA) has been studied in sterile injury models as an anti-inflammatory and anti-permeability agent. This study evaluated the therapeutic effects of intraperitoneal HMW HA administration in mice with peritonitis-induced sepsis. Sepsis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), followed 4 h later by an intraperitoneal injection of HMW HA (20 mg/kg) solution or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Survival, physiological data, organ injury, bacterial burden, and inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed in the CLP mice. To assess the effect of HA on macrophage phagocytosis activity, RAW264.7 cells, primed with lipopolysaccharide, were exposed with either PBS or HMW HA (500 μg/mL) prior to exposure to 10 CFU of E coli bacteria. HMW HA instillation significantly improved blood oxygenation, lung histology, and survival in CLP mice. Inflammatory cytokine levels in the plasma and bacterial burdens in the lung and spleen were significantly decreased by HA administration at 24 h after CLP. At 6 h after CLP, HA significantly decreased bacterial burden in the peritoneal lavage fluid. HMW HA administration significantly increased E coli bacterial phagocytosis by RAW264.7 cells in part through increased phosphorylation of ezrin/radixin/moesin, a known downstream target of CD44 (a HA receptor); ezrin inhibition abolished the enhanced phagocytosis by RAW264.7 cells induced by HA. Intraperitoneal administration of HMW HA had therapeutic effects against CLP-induced sepsis in terms of suppressing inflammation and increasing antimicrobial activity.
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11
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Niemietz I, Moraes AT, Sundqvist M, Brown KL. Hyaluronan primes the oxidative burst in human neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:705-713. [PMID: 32421905 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0220-216rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan that in its natural, high molecular mass (HMM) form, promotes tissue repair and homeostasis. With inflammation, HA metabolism and HMM HA fragmentation to low molecular mass (LMM) forms is greatly enhanced. Considerable evidence suggests that LMM HA may act as a damage-associated molecular pattern to initiate innate immune responses. However, the responsiveness of myeloid cells to LMM HA is controversial and largely unknown for neutrophils. Peripheral blood cells from healthy donors were incubated ex vivo with pharmaceutical grade HA of different molecular mass (HMM, LMM, and HA fragments <10 kDa). Key innate immune functions were assessed, namely production of cytokines and reactive oxygen species release (ROS), granule mobilization, and apoptosis. None of the tested sizes of HA altered cytokine production by PBMC and neutrophils. Also, HA had no effect on neutrophil granule mobilization and apoptosis. In contrast, HA primed neutrophils for rapid and robust release of ROS in response to a secondary stimulus (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine). Priming occurred within 20 min of exposure to HA and was similar for all tested molecular mass. The observed effect was independent of granule mobilization and associated with the activation of intracellular signaling pathways involving Src family kinases, glycogen synthase kinase-3, and the proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kDa. Our findings provide new evidence that HA, irrespective of molecular mass, is a specific priming agent of the neutrophil oxidative burst, which is a critical, early component of an innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Niemietz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Abigail T Moraes
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelly L Brown
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Marino F, Cosentino M, Legnaro M, Luini A, Sigova J, Mocchi R, Lotti T, Zerbinati N. Immune profile of hyaluronic acid hydrogel polyethylene glycol crosslinked: An in vitro evaluation in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13388. [PMID: 32277559 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neauvia hydrogel (N-Gel) is a hyaluronic acid-based dermal filler, cross-linked with polyethylene glycol. This filler contains sodium hyaluronate at different concentrations, poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether cross-linked, glycine, and l-prolyne. Assessing any effects of N-Gel on immunity and inflammation is of crucial importance. The aim of the study was to characterize the ability of N-Gel to modulate human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) functions, including migration, oxidative metabolism, and production of proinflammatory mediators. N-Gel was tested on isolated human PMN. Spontaneous and N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated migration were examined using the Boyden Chamber technique, whereas the oxidative metabolism was assessed through spectrofluorometric measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under resting conditions and after stimulation with fMLP. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-8 mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR after stimulation with fMLP or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. This study showed that N-Gel reduced fMLP-induced migration and ROS production without affecting these functions in resting cells. In addition, incubation of PMN with N-Gel effectively reduced both TNF-α and IL-8 mRNA levels. N-Gel modulates critical functions of human PMN such as migration and oxidative metabolism, indicating its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Marino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Cosentino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Luini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Julia Sigova
- Department of Neonatology, Faculty of Continued Medical Education of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roberto Mocchi
- UB-CARE, Laboratories of the University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Torello Lotti
- Department of Dermatology, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Zerbinati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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13
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Wang H, Zhang F, Wen H, Shi W, Huang Q, Huang Y, Xie J, Li P, Chen J, Qin L, Zhou Y. Tumor- and mitochondria-targeted nanoparticles eradicate drug resistant lung cancer through mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:8. [PMID: 31918714 PMCID: PMC6950814 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs frequently encounter multidrug resistance. ATP from mitochondria helps overexpression of drug efflux pumps to induce multidrug resistance, so mitochondrial delivery as a means of "repurposing'' chemotherapeutic drugs currently used in the clinic appears to be a worthwhile strategy to pursue for the development of new anti-drug-resistant cancer agents. TPP-Pluronic F127-hyaluronic acid (HA) (TPH), with a mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphine (TPP) head group, was first synthesized through ester bond formation. Paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded TPH (TPH/PTX) nanomicelles exhibited excellent physical properties and significantly inhibited A549/ADR cells. After TPH/PTX nanomicelles entered acidic lysosomes through macropinocytosis, the positively charged TP/PTX nanomicelles that resulted from degradation of HA by hyaluronidase (HAase) in acidic lysosomes were exposed and completed lysosomal escape at 12 h, finally localizing to mitochondria over a period of 24 h in A549/ADR cells. Subsequently, TPH/PTX caused mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) by inhibiting antiapoptotic Bcl-2, leading to cytochrome C release and activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. In an A549/ADR xenograft tumor model and a drug-resistant breast cancer-bearing mouse model with lung metastasis, TPH/PTX nanomicelles exhibited obvious tumor targeting and significant antitumor efficacy. This work presents the potential of a single, nontoxic nanoparticle (NP) platform for mitochondria-targeted delivery of therapeutics for diverse drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China.,Center of Cancer Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaying Wen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenwen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiudi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Yugang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiacui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiyin Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhai Chen
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Linghao Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China.
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14
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Guo JY, Chiu CH, Wang MJ, Li FA, Chen JY. Proteoglycan serglycin promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell migration through the interaction of its glycosaminoglycans with CD44. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:2. [PMID: 31898491 PMCID: PMC6939340 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0600-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serglycin (SRGN), previously recognized as an intracellular proteoglycan involved in the storage processes of secretory granules, has recently been shown to be upregulated in several solid tumors. We have previously shown that SRGN in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) promotes malignant phenotypes in a CD44-dependent manner and increased expression of SRGN predicts poor prognosis of primary lung adenocarcinomas. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be defined. Methods Overexpression, knockdown and knockout approaches were performed to assess the role of SRGN in cell motility using wound healing and Boyden chamber migration assays. SRGN devoid of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) modification was produced by site-directed mutagenesis or chondroitinase treatment. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was applied for quantitative analysis of the disaccharide compositions and sulfation extent of SRGN GAGs. Western blot and co-immunoprecipitation analyses were performed to determine the expression and interaction of proteins of interest. Actin cytoskeleton organization was monitored by immunofluorescence staining. Results SRGN expressed by NSCLC cells is readily secreted to the extracellular matrix in a heavily glycosylated form attached with mainly chondroitin sulfate (CS)-GAG chains, and to a lesser extent with heparin sulfate (HS). The CS-GAG moiety serves as the structural motif for SRGN binding to tumor cell surface CD44 and promotes cell migration. SRGN devoid of CS-GAG modification fails to interact with CD44 and has lost the ability to promote cell migration. SRGN/CD44 interaction promotes focal adhesion turnover via Src-mediated paxillin phosphorylation and disassembly of paxillin/FAK adhesion complex, facilitating cell migration. In support, depletion of Src activity or removal of CS-GAGs efficiently blocks SRGN-mediated Src activation and cell migration. SRGN also promotes cell migration via inducing cytoskeleton reorganization mediated through RAC1 and CDC42 activation accompanied with increased lamellipodia and filopodia formation. Conclusions Proteoglycan SRGN promotes NSCLC cell migration via the binding of its GAG motif to CD44. SRGN/CD44 interaction induces Rho-family GTPase-mediated cytoskeleton reorganization and facilitates Src-mediated focal adhesion turnover, leading to increased cell migration. These findings suggest that targeting specific glycans in tumor microenvironment that serve as ligands for oncogenic pathways may be a potential strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-You Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Hsuan Chiu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jung Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Fu-An Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jeou-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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15
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Culprit lesion morphology in young patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction: A clinical, angiographic and optical coherence tomography study. Atherosclerosis 2019; 289:94-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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16
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Pedicino D, Vinci R, Giglio AF, Pisano E, Porto I, Vergallo R, Russo G, Ruggio A, D'Aiello A, Flego D, Annibali G, Trotta F, Piacentini R, Niccoli G, Liuzzo G, Crea F. Alterations of Hyaluronan Metabolism in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Implications for Plaque Erosion. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 72:1490-1503. [PMID: 30236312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Superficial erosion currently causes at least one-third of acute coronary syndromes (ACS), and its incidence is increasing. Yet, the underlying mechanisms in humans are still largely unknown. OBJECTIVES The authors sought to assess the role of hyaluronan (HA) metabolism in ACS. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from ACS (n = 66), stable angina (SA) (n = 55), and control (CTRL) patients (n = 45). The authors evaluated: 1) gene expression of hyaluronidase 2 (HYAL2) (enzyme degrading high-molecular-weight HA to its proinflammatory 20-kDa isoform) and of CD44v1, CD44v4, and CD44v6 splicing variants of HA receptor; and 2) HYAL2 and CD44 protein expression. Moreover, they compared HYAL2 and CD44 gene expression in ACS patients with plaque erosion (intact fibrous cap and thrombus) and in ACS patients with plaque rupture, identified by optical coherence tomography analysis. RESULTS Gene expression of HYAL2, CD44v1, and CD44v6 were significantly higher in ACS as compared with SA (p = 0.003, p < 0.001, and p = 0.033, respectively) and CTRL subjects (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.009, respectively). HYAL2 protein expression was significantly higher in ACS than in SA (p = 0.017) and CTRL (p = 0.032), whereas no differences were found in CD44 protein expression. HYAL2 and CD44v6 gene expression was significantly higher in patients with plaque erosion than in those with plaque rupture (p = 0.015 and p = 0.029, respectively). CONCLUSIONS HYAL2 and CD44v6 splicing variants seem to play an important role in ACS, in particular when associated with plaque erosion. After further validation, HYAL2 might represent a potentially useful biomarker for the noninvasive identification of this mechanism of coronary instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pedicino
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ramona Vinci
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ada F Giglio
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Pisano
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Italo Porto
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Vergallo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Russo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Aureliano Ruggio
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia D'Aiello
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Flego
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Annibali
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Piacentini
- Institute of Human Physiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, IRCCS-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Niccoli
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Liuzzo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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