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Chen Y, Song Y, Peng H, Li J, Zhao C, Liu D, Tan J, Liu Y. Changes in Thymic Size and Immunity Are Associated with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:e1732-e1739. [PMID: 37192653 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are at increased risk for dysfunctional immune responses in the postnatal period. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that thymic function is altered in infants with BPD and changes in the expression of thymic function-related genes affect thymic development. STUDY DESIGN Included in the study were infants who had a gestational age ≤32 weeks and survived to a postmenstrual age of ≥36 weeks. The clinical features and thymic size were comparatively studied between infants with and without BPD. Thymic function and the expression of thymic function-related genes were determined in BPD infants at birth, week 2, and 4 of life. The thymic size was ultrasonographically assessed in terms of the thymic index (TI) and thymic weight index (TWI). T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and gene expression were quantitatively determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Compared to non-BPD infants, their BPD counterparts had a shorter GA, lower birth weight, lower Apgar scores at birth, and were more likely to be of the male gender. BPD infants had an elevated incidence of respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. TI was 1.73 ± 0.68 versus 2.87 ± 0.70 cm3 and TWI was 1.38 ± 0.45 versus 1.72 ± 0.28 cm3/kg in the BPD group versus the non-BPD group (p < 0.05). In BPD infants, no significant changes were observed in thymic size, lymphocyte counts, and TREC copy numbers at the first 2 weeks (p > 0.05), but they all exhibited a significant increase at week 4 (p < 0.05). BPD infants presented a trend toward increased expression of transforming growth factor-β1 and decreased expression of forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) from birth to week 4 (p < 0.05). Nonetheless, no significant difference was found in IL-2 or IL-7 expression at all time points (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION For preterm infants with BPD, reduced thymic size at birth might be associated with impaired thymic function. Thymic function was developmentally regulated in the BPD process. KEY POINTS · For preterm infants with BPD, reduced thymic size at birth might be associated with impaired thymic.. · BPD infants had an elevated incidence of respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis.. · Thymic function was developmentally regulated in the BPD process..
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Pediatric, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Lab of Molecular Imaging, China
| | - Hua Peng
- Department of Pediatric, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pediatric, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Department of Pediatric, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Pediatric, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Department of Pediatric, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yalan Liu
- Department of Pediatric, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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2
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Li X, Peng X, Zoulikha M, Boafo GF, Magar KT, Ju Y, He W. Multifunctional nanoparticle-mediated combining therapy for human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:1. [PMID: 38161204 PMCID: PMC10758001 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Combining existing drug therapy is essential in developing new therapeutic agents in disease prevention and treatment. In preclinical investigations, combined effect of certain known drugs has been well established in treating extensive human diseases. Attributed to synergistic effects by targeting various disease pathways and advantages, such as reduced administration dose, decreased toxicity, and alleviated drug resistance, combinatorial treatment is now being pursued by delivering therapeutic agents to combat major clinical illnesses, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, myocarditis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Combinatorial therapy involves combining or co-delivering two or more drugs for treating a specific disease. Nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery systems, i.e., liposomal NPs, polymeric NPs and nanocrystals, are of great interest in combinatorial therapy for a wide range of disorders due to targeted drug delivery, extended drug release, and higher drug stability to avoid rapid clearance at infected areas. This review summarizes various targets of diseases, preclinical or clinically approved drug combinations and the development of multifunctional NPs for combining therapy and emphasizes combinatorial therapeutic strategies based on drug delivery for treating severe clinical diseases. Ultimately, we discuss the challenging of developing NP-codelivery and translation and provide potential approaches to address the limitations. This review offers a comprehensive overview for recent cutting-edge and challenging in developing NP-mediated combination therapy for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2111198, PR China
| | - Xiuju Peng
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2111198, PR China
| | - Makhloufi Zoulikha
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2111198, PR China
| | - George Frimpong Boafo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China
| | - Kosheli Thapa Magar
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2111198, PR China
| | - Yanmin Ju
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 2111198, PR China.
| | - Wei He
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China.
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3
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Osman HM, Omar GM, Elameen NF, Abdel-Nasser AM. CCL21 and IP10 as serum biomarkers for pulmonary involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2022; 31:706-715. [PMID: 35380893 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221093493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the significance of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of SLE is well established, the findings showed diversity and implied that combining different biomarkers could be useful in monitoring disease activity or organ involvement. Despite the potentially high prevalence of lung involvement in SLE, only a few studies have investigated for lung biomarkers. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the value of Chemokine Ligand 21 (CCL 21) and Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP10) as serum biomarkers for pulmonary involvement in SLE and their correlation with disease activity, organ involvement, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and chest CT findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty SLE patients and 30 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled into this study. All patients underwent serological tests, PFTs, and chest CT examination. The serum levels of CCL21 and IP10 were analyzed, and their correlations with PFTs and CT were explored. RESULTS SLE patients with pulmonary involvement had higher serum CCL21 and IP10 levels compared to those without pulmonary involvement which in turn had higher levels than the controls. There were strong negative correlations between CCL21 and IP10 and FEV1, FVC, and DLCO. There were also strong correlations between both biomarkers and HRCT and pulmonary damage, but no correlation with other disease manifestations. Serum level of 2095 pg/mL for CCL21 and 7185 pg/mL for IP10 could detect pulmonary involvement in SLE with a sensitivity of 83.7% and a specificity of 94.1%. Both biomarkers performed equally well in detecting SLE pulmonary involvement with a strong agreement between them (κ = 0.86, p < .001), but CCL21 was better correlated with PFT abnormalities. CONCLUSION Both CCL21 and IP10 are serum biomarkers to detect pulmonary involvement in SLE with high sensitivity and specificity. CCL21 correlates better with PFT abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidy M Osman
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 68877Minia University, El Minia, Egypt
| | - Gihan M Omar
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 68877Minia University, El Minia, Egypt
| | - Nadia F Elameen
- Department of Radiology, 68877Minia University, El Minia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Nasser
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 68877Minia University, El Minia, Egypt
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4
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Teng C, Li B, Lin C, Xing X, Huang F, Yang Y, Li Y, Azevedo HS, He W. Targeted delivery of baicalein-p53 complex to smooth muscle cells reverses pulmonary hypertension. J Control Release 2021; 341:591-604. [PMID: 34896449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an uncommon and deadly cardiopulmonary disease. PAH stems essentially from pulmonary artery (PA) remodeling induced predominantly by over-proliferation of PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and inflammation. However, effective treatments are still missing in the clinic because the available drugs consisting of vasodilators are aimed to attenuate PAH symptoms rather than inhibit the remodeling process. Here, we aimed to specifically co-deliver apoptotic executor gene p53 and anti-inflammatory baicalein to PASMCs to alleviate PAH. The targeted co-delivery system was prepared through a carrier-free approach, which was prepared by loading the conjugate, NLS (nuclear localization signal) peptide-p53 gene, onto the baicalein pure crystals, followed by coating with glucuronic acid (GA) for targeting the glucose transport-1 (GLUT-1). The co-delivery system developed has a 200-nm diameter with a rod shape and a drug-loading capacity of 62% (w/w). The prepared system was shown to target PASMCs in vitro and enabled effective gene transfection, efficient apoptosis, and inflammation suppression. In vivo, via targeting the axis lung-PAs-PASMCs, the co-delivery reversed monocrotaline-induced PAH by reducing pulmonary artery pressure, downregulating the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, and inhibiting remodeling of both PAs and right ventricular. The potent efficacy may closely correlate with the activation of the signaling axis Bax/Bcl-2/Cas-3. Overall, our results indicate that the co-delivery system holds a significant potential to target the axis of lung-PAs-PASMCs and treat PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Teng
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chenshi Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xuyang Xing
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Feifei Huang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Helena S Azevedo
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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5
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Lakshmanan S, Jankowich M, Wu WC, Abbasi S, Morrison AR, Choudhary G. Association of plasma adiponectin with pulmonary hypertension, mortality and heart failure in African Americans: Jackson Heart Study. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:2045894020961242. [PMID: 33240486 PMCID: PMC7675872 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020961242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adiponectin is a polypeptide hormone related to obesity, and a known
modulator of pulmonary vascular remodeling. Association between plasma
adiponectin levels and pulmonary hypertension (PH) has not been studied in
African Americans (AAs) who are disproportionately affected by obesity. The
relationship between adiponectin and heart failure (HF) and mortality,
outcomes associated with PH, is unclear. Methods We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis to examine if there is
an association between plasma adiponectin and PH and associated clinical
outcomes, in participants of Jackson Heart Study (JHS). JHS is a prospective
observational cohort study of heart disease in AAs from Jackson,
Mississippi. Results Of the 3161 participants included in the study, mean age (SD) was 56.38
(12.61) years, 1028 were men (32.5%), and mean (SD) BMI was 31.42 (7.05)
kg/m2. Median (IQR) adiponectin was 4516.82 (2799.32–7065.85)
ng/mL. After adjusting for potential confounders including BMI, higher
adiponectin levels were associated with increased odds of PH (adjusted odds
ratio per log increment in adiponectin, (1.81; 95% CI, 1.41–2.32). High
adiponectin levels were also associated with associated HF admissions
(adjusted hazard ratio [HR] per log increment in adiponectin, 1.63, 95% CI,
1.24–2.14) and mortality (adjusted HR per log increment in adiponectin,
1.20; 95% CI 1.02–1.41). Conclusions Elevated plasma adiponectin levels are associated with PH, HF admissions and
mortality risk in AAs. High adiponectin levels may help identify an at-risk
population that could be evaluated for targeted prevention and management
strategies in future studies
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvasini Lakshmanan
- Division of Cardiology, Providence VA Medical Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Matthew Jankowich
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Providence VA Medical Center and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Providence VA Medical Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Siddique Abbasi
- Division of Cardiology, Providence VA Medical Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alan R Morrison
- Division of Cardiology, Providence VA Medical Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gaurav Choudhary
- Division of Cardiology, Providence VA Medical Center, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Zhang X, Xu D. Effects of exercise rehabilitation training on patients with pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:2045894020937129. [PMID: 32685130 PMCID: PMC7343373 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020937129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) comprises a group of pathophysiological syndromes characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, which lead to right ventricular overload, and even right heart failure. PH has a poor prognosis and severely leads to a decline in quality of life. Historically, patients with PH were advised to limit their physical activity. However, an increasing number of studies have reported the safety and efficacy of exercise rehabilitation training in PH. This review briefly examined and summarized the effects of exercise rehabilitation training on PH patients reported in the recent literature. The findings of the reviewed studies indicate that exercise rehabilitation training in PH patients has beneficial effects in terms of exercise capacity and quality of life, vascular and right ventricle remodelling, inflammatory response, muscular function and oxidative stress. However, the underlying mechanisms and appropriate exercise strategies (e.g. the duration and intensity of exercise) still need to be explored. In conclusion, exercise rehabilitation training of the appropriate intensity and frequency can improve the prognosis and quality of life of PH patients. The training should be monitored by professional staff and be provided as an adjunct to pharmacological treatment. Larger clinical trials are required to confirm the safety and efficacy of exercise rehabilitation training in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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7
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Souza MFS, Carvalho ES, Maeda NY, Thomaz AM, Zorzanelli L, Castro CR, Pereira J, Lopes AA. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and chemokine RANTES in young pediatric patients with congenital cardiac communications: Relation to hemodynamic parameters and the presence of Down syndrome. Cytokine 2020; 134:155192. [PMID: 32683105 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and immunity are central in the pathobiology of pulmonary vascular disorders. Preliminary headway has been made in understanding the relationships between inflammatory proteins and clinical parameters in pediatric congenital heart disease. In this study, we analyzed serum levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted chemokine (RANTES) in 87 patients with unrestrictive congenital cardiac communications and signs of pulmonary hypertension (age 2-36 months) and 50 pediatric controls. They were investigated in relation to clinical and hemodynamic parameters and the presence of Down syndrome. Hemodynamics was assessed by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Chemokines were analyzed in serum using a chemiluminescence assay. The highest MIF levels were observed in very young subjects with heightened pulmonary vascular resistance but who presented a positive response to vasodilator challenge with inhaled nitric oxide. In contrast, RANTES levels were higher in patients with pulmonary overcirculation and congestion, correlating nonlinearly with pulmonary blood flow. Levels of both chemokines were higher in subjects with Down syndrome than in nonsyndromic individuals, but the difference was observed only in patients, not in the control group. In patients with Down syndrome, there was a direct relationship between preoperative serum MIF and the level of pulmonary artery pressure observed 6 months after surgical repair of cardiac anomalies. Thus, it was interesting to observe that MIF, which is key in the innate immune response and chemokine RANTES, which is highly expressed in respiratory viral infections were related to clinical and hemodynamic abnormalities associated with pediatric congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eloisa S Carvalho
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana M Thomaz
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leína Zorzanelli
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia R Castro
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Pereira
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation on Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy in Onco-immuno-hematology (LIM-31), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mamazhakypov A, Viswanathan G, Lawrie A, Schermuly RT, Rajagopal S. The role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 178:72-89. [PMID: 31399998 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by progressive pulmonary artery remodelling leading to increased right ventricular pressure overload, which results in right heart failure and premature death. Inflammation plays a central role in the development of PAH, and the recruitment and function of immune cells are tightly regulated by chemotactic cytokines called chemokines. A number of studies have shown that the development and progression of PAH are associated with the dysregulated expression of several chemokines and chemokine receptors in the pulmonary vasculature. Moreover, some chemokines are differentially regulated in the pressure-overloaded right ventricle. Recent studies have tested the efficacy of pharmacological agents targeting several chemokines and chemokine receptors for their effects on the development of PAH, suggesting that these receptors could serve as useful therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide recent insights into the role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in PAH and RV remodelling and the opportunities and roadblocks in targeting them. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argen Mamazhakypov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gayathri Viswanathan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allan Lawrie
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Relation of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor to Pulmonary Hemodynamics and Vascular Structure and Carbamyl-Phosphate Synthetase I Genetic Variations in Pediatric Patients with Congenital Cardiac Shunts. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:7305028. [PMID: 30881226 PMCID: PMC6381580 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7305028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays an important pathophysiological role in pulmonary hypertension (PHT). Previously, we demonstrated that serum MIF is increased in pediatric PHT associated with congenital heart disease (CHD). In the present study, we determined possible associations between MIF levels, hemodynamic and histological parameters, and mitochondrial carbamyl-phosphate synthetase I (CPSI) T1405N polymorphism in a similar population. The asparagine 1405 variant (related to A alleles in the C-to-A transversion) has been shown to be advantageous in pediatric PHT compared to the threonine 1405 variant (C alleles). Forty-one patients were enrolled (aged 2-36 months) and subsequently divided into 2 groups after diagnostic evaluation: the high-pulmonary blood flow (high PBF) group (pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow ratio 2.58 (2.21-3.01), geometric mean with 95% CI) and the high-pulmonary vascular resistance (high PVR) group (pulmonary vascular resistance 6.12 (4.78-7.89) Wood units × m2). Serum MIF was measured using a chemiluminescence assay. The CPSI polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction followed by high-resolution melting analysis. Medial hypertrophy of pulmonary arteries was assessed by the histological examination of biopsy specimens. Serum MIF was elevated in patients compared to controls (p = 0.045), particularly in the high-PVR group (n = 16) (p = 0.022) and in subjects with the AC CPSI T1405N genotype (n = 16) compared to those with the CC genotype (n = 25) (p = 0.017). Patients with high-PVR/AC-genotype profile (n = 9) had the highest MIF levels (p = 0.030 compared with the high-PBF/CC-genotype subgroup, n = 18). In high-PVR/AC-genotype patients, the medial wall thickness of intra-acinar pulmonary arteries was directly related to MIF levels (p = 0.033). There were no patients with the relatively rare AA genotype in the study population. Thus, in the advantageous scenario of the asparagine 1405 variant (AC heterozygosity in this study), heightened pulmonary vascular resistance in CHD-PHT is associated with medial hypertrophy of pulmonary arteries where MIF chemokine very likely plays a biological role.
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10
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Gosemann JH, Friedmacher F, Hofmann A, Zimmer J, Kuebler JF, Rittinghausen S, Suttkus A, Lacher M, Alvarez L, Corcionivoschi N, Puri P. Prenatal treatment with rosiglitazone attenuates vascular remodeling and pulmonary monocyte influx in experimental congenital diaphragmatic hernia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206975. [PMID: 30418988 PMCID: PMC6231640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extensive vascular remodeling causing pulmonary hypertension (PH) represents a major cause of mortality in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a biomarker for the severity of PH and its activation is accompanied by pulmonary influx of monocytes and extensive vascular remodeling. MCP-1 activation can be reversed by application of rosiglitazone (thiazolidinedione). We performed this study to evaluate the role of MCP-1 for the pathogenesis of PH in experimental CDH. We hypothesized that vascular remodeling and MCP-1 activation is accompanied by pulmonary influx of fetal monocytes and can be attenuated by prenatal treatment with rosiglitazone. Methods In a first set of experiments pregnant rats were treated with either nitrofen or vehicle on gestational day 9 (D9). Fetal lungs were harvested on D21 and divided into CDH and control. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to evaluate MCP-1 expression, activation, and localization. Quantification and localization of pulmonary monocytes/macrophages were carried out by IHC. In a second set of experiments nitrofen-exposed dams were randomly assigned to prenatal treatment with rosiglitazone or placebo on D18+D19. Fetal lungs were harvested on D21, divided into control, CDH+rosiglitazone, and CDH+placebo and evaluated by WB as well as IHC. Results Increased thickness of pulmonary arteries of CDH fetuses was accompanied by increased systemic and perivascular MCP-1 protein expression and significantly higher amounts of pulmonary monocytes/macrophages compared to controls (p<0.01). These effects were reversed by prenatal treatment with rosiglitazone (p<0.01 vs. CDH+P; control). Conclusion Prenatal treatment with rosiglitazone has the potential to attenuate activation of pulmonary MCP-1, pulmonary monocyte influx, and vascular remodeling in experimental CDH. These results provide a basis for future research on prenatal immunomodulation as a novel treatment strategy to decrease secondary effects of PH in CDH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chemokine CCL2/blood
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/drug therapy
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/etiology
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/metabolism
- Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital/pathology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Phenyl Ethers/adverse effects
- Pregnancy
- Prenatal Care
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rosiglitazone/pharmacology
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Gosemann
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Florian Friedmacher
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- The Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Hofmann
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Zimmer
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joachim F. Kuebler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Rittinghausen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Suttkus
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Lacher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Luis Alvarez
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Prem Puri
- National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Science and Conway Institute of Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Duan L, Hu GH, Li YJ, Zhang CL, Jiang M. P2X7 receptor is involved in lung injuries induced by ischemia-reperfusion in pulmonary arterial hypertension rats. Mol Immunol 2018; 101:409-418. [PMID: 30077925 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease that ultimately leads to right heart failure and death. Current strategies are ineffective to prevent and cure PAH, especially in those who undergo cardiopulmonary bypass. P2 × 7 receptors (P2 × 7Rs) have been implied to participate in the pathogenesis of PAH and injuries induced by ischemia-reperfusion (IR). In the present study, we aimed to assess the potential therapeutic effects of anti-P2 × 7Rs on PAH and IR-induced lung injuries in rats and explore their underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. In the present study, we have successfully established rat models with PAH and/or lung IR injuries. Immunohistochemical staining, western blot, and polymerase chain reaction were performed to detect the P2 × 7R expression in these models; P2 × 7R-specific inhibitor, Brilliant Blue G (BBG), was used to antagonize P2 × 7R, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to help evaluate the P2 × 7R-mediated function in PAH with or without IR. Moreover, BBG, SB203580 (p38/MAPK inhibitor), and CD39 (adenosine triphosphate hydrolase) were applied to explore the inner signal pathway in vitro and in vivo. Our findings showed that P2 × 7R was involved in the development of PAH. By applying BBG, we have shown that the severity of PAH and IR was ameliorated through reducing the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, our results in vitro and in vivo indicated that P2 × 7R regulated the release of inflammatory mediators by the p38/MAPK signal pathway. Most important, CD39 showed the most dominant potential in improving inflammation in lung injuries caused by PAH and IR. In conclusion, the inhibition of P2 × 7R could effectively attenuate inflammation in lung injuries caused by PAH and IR in rats by reducing proinflammatory cytokines through regulating the p38/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Duan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Guo-Huang Hu
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Jin Li
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng-Liang Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Jiang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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