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Wu Y, Gao H, Yu H, Wang X, Li H, Jin Q, Zhu X, Li Q, Kong N, Tang Y, Han S, Xu X, Zhan B, Li F, Yang X, Wu Q. Schistosoma japonicum cystatin alleviates paraquat poisoning caused acute lung injury in mice through activating regulatory macrophages. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116615. [PMID: 38905933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide that poisons human by accident or intentional ingestion. PQ poisoning causes systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) resulting in acute lung injury (ALI) with an extremely high mortality rate. Blood trematode Schistosoma japonicum-produced cystatin (Sj-Cys) is a strong immunomodulatory protein that has been experimentally used to treat inflammation related diseases. In this study, Sj-Cys recombinant protein (rSj-Cys) was used to treat PQ-induced lung injury and the immunological mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect was investigated. METHODS PQ-induced acute lung injury mouse model was established by intraperitoneally injection of 20 mg/kg of paraquat. The poisoned mice were treated with rSj-Cys and the survival rate was observed up to 7 days compared with the group without treatment. The pathological changes of PQ-induced lung injury were observed by examining the histochemical sections of affected lung tissue and the wet to dry ratio of lung as a parameter for inflammation and edema. The levels of the inflammation related cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α and regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β were measured in sera and in affected lung tissue using ELISA and their mRNA levels in lung tissue using RT-PCR. The macrophages expressing iNOS were determined as M1 and those expressing Arg-1 as M2 macrophages. The effect of rSj-Cys on the transformation of inflammatory M1 to regulatory M2 macrophages was measured in affected lung tissue in vivo (EKISA and RT-PCR) and in MH-S cell line in vitro (flow cytometry). The expression levels of TLR2 and MyD88 in affected lung tissue were also measured to determine their role in the therapy of rSj-Cys on PQ-induced lung injury. RESULT We identified that treatment with rSj-Cys significantly improved the survival rate of mice with PQ-induced lung injury from 30 % (untreated) to 80 %, reduced the pathological damage of poisoning lung tissue, associated with significantly reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 from 1490 to 590 pg/ml, TNF-α from 260 to 150 pg/ml) and increased regulatory cytokines (IL-10 from360 to 550 pg/ml, and TGF-β from 220 to 410 pg/ml) in both sera (proteins) and affected lung tissue (proteins and mRNAs). The polarization of macrophages from M1to M2 type was found to be involved in the therapeutic effect of rSj-Cys on the PQ-induced acute lung injury, possibly through inhibiting TLR2/MyD88 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the therapeutic effect of rSj-Cys on PQ poisoning caused acute lung injury by inducing M2 macrophage polarization through inhibiting TLR2/MyD88 signaling pathway. The finding in this study provides an alternative approach for the treatment of PQ poisoning and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Hongyu Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Haidong Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Qiwang Jin
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Xinguang Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Nuocheng Kong
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Yifan Tang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Xinlong Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China
| | - Bin Zhan
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Bengbu Hospital of Shanghai General Hospital (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University), Bengbu 233000, China.
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Basic Medical College of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, China; Bengbu Hospital of Shanghai General Hospital (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University), Bengbu 233000, China.
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Barker H, Ferraro MJ. Exploring the versatile roles of the endocannabinoid system and phytocannabinoids in modulating bacterial infections. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0002024. [PMID: 38775488 PMCID: PMC11237442 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00020-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS), initially identified for its role in maintaining homeostasis, particularly in regulating brain function, has evolved into a complex orchestrator influencing various physiological processes beyond its original association with the nervous system. Notably, an expanding body of evidence emphasizes the ECS's crucial involvement in regulating immune responses. While the specific role of the ECS in bacterial infections remains under ongoing investigation, compelling indications suggest its active participation in host-pathogen interactions. Incorporating the ECS into the framework of bacterial pathogen infections introduces a layer of complexity to our understanding of its functions. While some studies propose the potential of cannabinoids to modulate bacterial function and immune responses, the outcomes inherently hinge on the specific infection and cannabinoid under consideration. Moreover, the bidirectional relationship between the ECS and the gut microbiota underscores the intricate interplay among diverse physiological processes. The ECS extends its influence far beyond its initial discovery, emerging as a promising therapeutic target across a spectrum of medical conditions, encompassing bacterial infections, dysbiosis, and sepsis. This review comprehensively explores the complex roles of the ECS in the modulation of bacteria, the host's response to bacterial infections, and the dynamics of the microbiome. Special emphasis is placed on the roles of cannabinoid receptor types 1 and 2, whose signaling intricately influences immune cell function in microbe-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Barker
- Microbiology and Cell Science Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mariola J. Ferraro
- Microbiology and Cell Science Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Pei D, Zeng Z, Geng Z, Cai K, Lu D, Guo C, Guo H, Huang J, Gao B, Yu S. Modulation of macrophage polarization by secondary cross-linked hyaluronan-dopamine hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132417. [PMID: 38759857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The inflammatory response plays a critical role in standard tissue repair processes, wherein active modulation of macrophage polarization is necessary for wound healing. Dopamine, a mussel-inspired bioactive material, is widely involved in wound healing, neural/bone/myocardial regeneration, and more. Recent studies indicated that dopamine-modified biomaterials can potentially alter macrophages polarization towards a pro-healing phenotype, thereby enhancing tissue regeneration. Nevertheless the immunoregulatory activity of dopamine on macrophage polarization remains unclear. This study introduces a novel interpenetrating hydrogel to bridge this research gap. The hydrogel, combining varying concentrations of oxidized dopamine with hyaluronic acid hydrogel, allows precise regulation of mechanical properties, antioxidant bioactivity, and biocompatibility. Surprisingly, both in vivo and in vitro outcomes demonstrated that dopamine concentration modulates macrophage polarization, but not linearly. Lower concentration (2 mg/mL) potentially decrease inflammation and facilitate M2 type macrophage polarization. In contrast, higher concentration (10 mg/mL) exhibited a pro-inflammatory tendency in the late stages of implantation. RNA-seq analysis revealed that lower dopamine concentrations induced the M1/M2 transition of macrophages by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Collectively, this research offers valuable insights into the immunoregulation effects of dopamine-integrated biomaterials in tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dating Pei
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510500, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou 510500, China; National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Zhiwen Zeng
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510500, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Zhijie Geng
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510500, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou 510500, China; National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Kehan Cai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2008, Australia; National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Daohuan Lu
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510500, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou 510500, China; National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Cuiping Guo
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510500, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou 510500, China; National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Huilong Guo
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510500, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510500, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou 510500, China.
| | - Botao Gao
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510500, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou 510500, China; National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou 510500, China.
| | - Shan Yu
- Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510500, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products, Guangzhou 510500, China; National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou 510500, China.
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Cui A, Li S, Li Y, Yang D, Huang J, Wang X, Song N, Chen F, Chen S, Xiang M. Nitric oxide-mediated the therapeutic properties of induced pluripotent stem cell for paraquat-induced acute lung injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1136290. [PMID: 37275899 PMCID: PMC10232993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1136290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate associated with acute lung injury (ALI) and its severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome, is high. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) therapy is a potential treatment method for ALI, but its therapeutic efficacy is limited in injured lungs. Nitric oxide (NO) has various physiological actions. The current study investigated the effect of iPSCs pretreated with NO donors in paraquat (PQ)-induced ALI mouse model. Male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with PQ, followed by infusion of phosphate-buffered saline, iPSCs, L-arginine pretreated iPSCs, or Nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) pretreated iPSCs through the tail veins. Histopathological changes, pulmonary microvascular permeability, and inflammatory cytokine levels were analyzed after 3 or 28 d. The effects on iPSC proliferation, migration, and adhesion were evaluated in vitro. More L-arginine-pretreated iPSCs were selectively trafficked into the injured pulmonary tissue of mice with LPS-induced ALI, drastically diminishing the histopathologic changes and inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1β and IL-6). There was also markedly improved pulmonary microvascular permeability and pulmonary function. The NO inhibitor abolished the protective effects of iPSCs. In addition, the ability of L-arginine to promote the proliferation and migration of iPSCs was decreased by L-NAME pretreatment, suggesting that NO might mediate the therapeutic benefits of iPSC. The improvement of the iPSC physiological changes by the endogenous gaseous molecule NO reduces lung injury severity. L-Arginine represents a pharmacologically important strategy for enhancing the therapeutic potential of iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfeng Cui
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shirui Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiongwei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Health Management Center Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemeng Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nana Song
- Fudan Zhang Jiang Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuchen Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sifeng Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Zhang Jiang Institute, Shanghai, China
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Pérez-Diego M, Angelina A, Martín-Cruz L, de la Rocha-Muñoz A, Maldonado A, Sevilla-Ortega C, Palomares O. Cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 reprograms monocytes and macrophages to inhibit LPS-induced inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147520. [PMID: 37006243 PMCID: PMC10060516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionChronic or uncontrolled activation of myeloid cells including monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) is a hallmark of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. There is an urgent need for the development of novel drugs with the capacity to impair innate immune cell overactivation under inflammatory conditions. Compelling evidence pointed out cannabinoids as potential therapeutic tools with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory capacity. WIN55,212-2, a non-selective synthetic cannabinoid agonist, displays protective effects in several inflammatory conditions by mechanisms partially depending on the generation of tolerogenic DCs able to induce functional regulatory T cells (Tregs). However, its immunomodulatory capacity on other myeloid cells such as monocytes and macrophages remains incompletely understood.MethodsHuman monocyte-derived DCs (hmoDCs) were differentiated in the absence (conventional hmoDCs) or presence of WIN55,212-2 (WIN-hmoDCs). Cells were stimulated with LPS, cocultured with naive T lymphocytes and their cytokine production and ability to induce T cell responses were analysed by ELISA or flow cytometry. To evaluate the effect of WIN55,212-2 in macrophage polarization, human and murine macrophages were activated with LPS or LPS/IFNγ, in the presence or absence of the cannabinoid. Cytokine, costimulatory molecules and inflammasome markers were assayed. Metabolic and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were also performed. Finally, the protective capacity of WIN55,212-2 was studied in vivo in BALB/c mice after intraperitoneal injection with LPS.ResultsWe show for the first time that the differentiation of hmoDCs in the presence of WIN55,212-2 generates tolerogenic WIN-hmoDCs that are less responsive to LPS stimulation and able to prime Tregs. WIN55,212-2 also impairs the pro-inflammatory polarization of human macrophages by inhibiting cytokine production, inflammasome activation and rescuing macrophages from pyroptotic cell death. Mechanistically, WIN55,212-2 induced a metabolic and epigenetic shift in macrophages by decreasing LPS-induced mTORC1 signaling, commitment to glycolysis and active histone marks in pro-inflammatory cytokine promoters. We confirmed these data in ex vivo LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages (PMΦs), which were also supported by the in vivo anti-inflammatory capacity of WIN55,212-2 in a LPS-induced sepsis mouse model.ConclusionOverall, we shed light into the molecular mechanisms by which cannabinoids exert anti-inflammatory properties in myeloid cells, which might well contribute to the future rational design of novel therapeutic strategies for inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Pérez-Diego
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Angelina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Martín-Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés de la Rocha-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Maldonado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Sevilla-Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Oscar Palomares,
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Therapeutic strategies targeting pro-fibrotic macrophages in interstitial lung disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 211:115501. [PMID: 36921632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the representative phenotype of interstitial lung disease where severe scarring develops in the lung interstitium. Although antifibrotic treatments are available and have been shown to slow the progression of IPF, improved therapeutic options are still needed. Recent data indicate that macrophages play essential pro-fibrotic roles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Historically, macrophages have been classified into two functional subtypes, "M1" and "M2," and it is well described that "M2" or "alternatively activated" macrophages contribute to fibrosis via the production of fibrotic mediators, such as TGF-β, CTGF, and CCL18. However, highly plastic macrophages may possess distinct functions and phenotypes in the fibrotic lung environment. Thus, M2-like macrophages in vitro and pro-fibrotic macrophages in vivo are not completely identical cell populations. Recent developments in transcriptome analysis, including single-cell RNA sequencing, have attempted to depict more detailed phenotypic characteristics of pro-fibrotic macrophages. This review will outline the role and characterization of pro-fibrotic macrophages in fibrotic lung diseases and discuss the possibility of treating lung fibrosis by preventing or reprogramming the polarity of macrophages. We also utilized a systematic approach to review the literature and identify novel and promising therapeutic agents that follow this treatment strategy.
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Jiang J, Wang J, Li C, Mo L, Huang D. P311 knockdown alleviates hyperoxia-induced injury by inactivating the Smad3 signaling pathway in type II alveolar epithelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:277-284. [PMID: 35779227 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04500-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
P311 is associated with alveolar formation and development. However, the role and possible mechanism of P311 in hyperoxia-induced injury in type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC II) need to be elucidated. In our study, rat AEC II (RLE-6TN) were exposure to normoxia (21% O2 and 5% CO2) or hyperoxia (95% O2 and 5% CO2) for 24 h, followed by determination of P311 expression. After knockdown of P311 and hyperoxic treatment, cell viability, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and the Smad3 signaling pathway were examined. Rat AEC II were pretreated with SIS3 HCl for 4 h and then subjected to P311 overexpression plasmid transfection and hyperoxic exposure. Then, cell viability, apoptosis and the Smad3 signaling pathway were determined. The results showed that hyperoxic exposure significantly elevated P311 levels in rat AEC II. P311 knockdown increased cell viability, accelerated cell cycle progression and inhibited apoptosis, as well as suppression of the Smad3 signaling pathway in hyperoxia-exposed AEC II. Additionally, we found that P311 overexpression enhanced the effects of hyperoxia. Interestingly, SIS3 HCl incubation blocked the effects of P311 overexpression on rat AEC II function under hyperoxic condition, as evidenced by an increase in cell viability, and suppressions of apoptosis and the Smad3 signaling pathway. These results indicate that P311 knockdown may ameliorate hyperoxia-induced injury by inhibiting the Smad3 signaling pathway in rat AEC II. P311 may be a novel target for the treatment of hyperoxia-induced lung injury and even bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, 83 Zhongshan East Road, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Handan, China
| | - Cen Li
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, 83 Zhongshan East Road, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Lianqin Mo
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, 83 Zhongshan East Road, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Dong Huang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, 83 Zhongshan East Road, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China.
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