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Smit N, Dezeure J, Sauvadet L, Huchard E, Charpentier MJ. Socially bonded females face more sexual coercion in a female-philopatric primate. iScience 2023; 26:107358. [PMID: 37766985 PMCID: PMC10520811 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual coercion is a manifestation of sexual conflict increasing male mating success while inflicting costs to females. Although previous work has examined inter-individual variation in male sexually coercive tactics, little is known about female counter-strategies. We investigated whether social bonding mitigates the extent of sexual coercion faced by female mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx), as a putative mechanism linking sociality to fitness. Surprisingly, females faced the most coercion from those males with whom they formed the strongest bonds, while the strength of a female-male bond was also positively correlated with coercion from all other males. Finally, greater social integration in the female network was positively correlated with coercion, through a direct 'public exposure' mechanism and not mediated by female reproductive success or retaliation potential. Altogether, this study shows that neither between- nor within-sex bonds are protective against sexual coercion and identifies, instead, a hidden cost of social bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Smit
- Institute of Evolutionary Sciences of Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Elise Huchard
- Institute of Evolutionary Sciences of Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie J.E. Charpentier
- Institute of Evolutionary Sciences of Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Bücklestrasse 5, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
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2
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Ishizuka S, Inoue E. Sex-Specific Effects of Juvenile Offspring on their Mothers’ Social Relationships with Other Females in Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata) on Shodoshima Island. INT J PRIMATOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-023-00355-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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3
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Sen S, Carrera SC, Heistermann M, Potter CB, Baniel A, DeLacey PM, Petrullo L, Lu A, Beehner JC. Social correlates of androgen levels and dispersal age in juvenile male geladas. Horm Behav 2022; 146:105264. [PMID: 36155910 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Androgens offer a window into the timing of important male life history events such as maturation. However, when males are the dispersing sex, piecing together normative androgen profiles across development is challenging because dispersing males are difficult to track. Here, we examined the conditions that may be associated with male androgen status (via fecal androgen metabolites, fAMs) and age at dispersal in wild male geladas (Theropithecus gelada). Gelada male life histories are highly variable - dispersal may occur before sexual maturation, dispersal itself can be immediate or drawn out, and, due to their multi-leveled society, social conditions affecting dispersal can vary for juveniles living in different reproductive units within the same band. Using longitudinal data from known natal males, we examined how androgen levels and age at dispersal were associated with: (1) access to maternal resources (i.e., maternal rank, birth of a younger sibling, experiencing maternal loss), and (2) access to male peers (i.e., number of similar-aged males in their unit). We found that androgens were significantly lower in males with high-ranking mothers (in males >2.5 years of age; infant androgens were unrelated) and that having more male peers in their social group and larger groups overall predicted an earlier age at dispersal. Moreover, dispersal in geladas was not preceded or followed by a surge in androgen levels. Taken together, results suggest that social environments can cause individual variation in androgens and dispersal age. Whether this variation leads to differences in male fitness in later life remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmi Sen
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107, USA.
| | - Sofia C Carrera
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107, USA
| | - Michael Heistermann
- Endocrinology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Caitlin Barale Potter
- Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Alice Baniel
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Patricia M DeLacey
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107, USA
| | - Lauren Petrullo
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107, USA
| | - Amy Lu
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4364, USA
| | - Jacinta C Beehner
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107, USA
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4
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Baniel A, Petrullo L, Mercer A, Reitsema L, Sams S, Beehner JC, Bergman TJ, Snyder-Mackler N, Lu A. Maternal effects on early-life gut microbiota maturation in a wild nonhuman primate. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4508-4520.e6. [PMID: 36099914 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Early-life microbial colonization is an important process shaping host physiology,1-3 immunity,4-6 and long-term health outcomes7-10 in humans. However, our understanding of this dynamic process remains poorly investigated in wild animals,11-13 where developmental mechanisms can be better understood within ecological and evolutionarily relevant contexts.11,12 Using one of the largest developmental datasets on a wild primate-the gelada (Theropithecus gelada)-we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize gut microbiota maturation during the first 3 years of life and assessed the role of maternal effects in shaping offspring microbiota assembly. In contrast to recent data on chimpanzees, postnatal microbial colonization in geladas was highly similar to humans:14 microbial alpha diversity increased rapidly following birth, followed by gradual changes in composition until weaning. Dietary changes associated with weaning (from milk- to plant-based diet) were the main drivers of shifts in taxonomic composition and microbial predicted functional pathways. Maternal effects were also an important factor influencing the offspring gut microbiota. During nursing (<12 months), offspring of experienced (multi-time) mothers exhibited faster functional microbial maturation, likely reflecting the general faster developmental pace of infants born to these mothers. Following weaning (>18 months), the composition of the juvenile microbiota tended to be more similar to the maternal microbiota than to the microbiota of other adult females, highlighting that maternal effects may persist even after nursing cessation.15,16 Together, our findings highlight the dynamic nature of early-life gut colonization and the role of maternal effects in shaping this trajectory in a wild primate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Baniel
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Lauren Petrullo
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Arianne Mercer
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Okanogan Ln., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Laurie Reitsema
- Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, Jackson St., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sierra Sams
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Okanogan Ln., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jacinta C Beehner
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, S University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thore J Bergman
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, N University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Okanogan Ln., Seattle, WA 98195, USA; School for Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Amy Lu
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Circle Rd., Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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5
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Gazes RP, Schrock AE, Leard CN, Lutz MC. Dominance and social interaction patterns in brown capuchin monkey (Cebus [Sapajus] apella) social networks. Am J Primatol 2022; 84:e23365. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Paxton Gazes
- Program in Animal Behavior Bucknell University Lewisburg Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Psychology Bucknell University Lewisburg Lewisburg USA
| | - Allie E. Schrock
- Program in Animal Behavior Bucknell University Lewisburg Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology Duke University Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Corinne N. Leard
- Program in Animal Behavior Bucknell University Lewisburg Pennsylvania USA
| | - Meredith C. Lutz
- Program in Animal Behavior Bucknell University Lewisburg Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Mathematics Bucknell University Lewisburg Pennsylvania USA
- Animal Behavior Graduate Group University of California Davis California USA
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6
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Camerlenghi E, McQueen A, Delhey K, Cook CN, Kingma SA, Farine DR, Peters A. Cooperative breeding and the emergence of multilevel societies in birds. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:766-777. [PMID: 35000255 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Multilevel societies (MLSs), where social levels are hierarchically nested within each other, are considered one of the most complex forms of animal societies. Although thought to mainly occurs in mammals, it is suggested that MLSs could be under-detected in birds. Here, we propose that the emergence of MLSs could be common in cooperatively breeding birds, as both systems are favoured by similar ecological and social drivers. We first investigate this proposition by systematically comparing evidence for multilevel social structure in cooperative and non-cooperative birds in Australia and New Zealand, a global hotspot for cooperative breeding. We then analyse non-breeding social networks of cooperatively breeding superb fairy-wrens (Malurus cyaneus) to reveal their structured multilevel society, with three hierarchical social levels that are stable across years. Our results confirm recent predictions that MLSs are likely to be widespread in birds and suggest that these societies could be particularly common in cooperatively breeding birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Camerlenghi
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexandra McQueen
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaspar Delhey
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carly N Cook
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sjouke A Kingma
- Department of Animal Sciences, Behavioural Ecology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Damien R Farine
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Collective Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anne Peters
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Lying in spatial proximity and active social behaviours capture different information when analysed at group level in indoor-housed pigs. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Zanoli A, Gamba M, Lemasson A, Norscia I, Palagi E. Inter-sexual multimodal communication during mating in wild geladas: the leading role of females. Curr Zool 2021; 68:570-580. [PMID: 36324533 PMCID: PMC9616067 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Female primates can emit vocalizations associated with mating that can function as honest signals of fertility. Here, we investigated the role of mating calls and visual signals in female geladas (Theropithecus gelada). Because females have a central role in the gelada society and seem to solicit sexual interactions, we answered whether they emit vocalizations in conjunction with gazing to increase mating success probability. Before and during copulations, females can emit pre-copulation calls and copulation calls. For the first time, we identified a new female vocalization emitted at the final stage of copulations (end-copulation call), possibly marking the occurrence of ejaculation. We found that longer pre-copulation call sequences were followed by both prolonged copulations and the presence of end-copulation calls, thus suggesting that females use pre-copulation calls to ensure successful copula completion. Moreover, we found that different combinations of female vocal types and gazing had different effects on male vocal behavior and motivation to complete the copula. The analysis of the vocal and visual signals revealed a complex inter-sexual multimodal chattering with the leading role of females in the signal exchange. Such chattering, led by females, modulates male sexual arousal, thus increasing the probability of the copula success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zanoli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino 10123, Italy
| | - Marco Gamba
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino 10123, Italy
| | - Alban Lemasson
- University of Rennes, University of Normandie, CNRS, EthoS (Éthologie Animale et Humaine), 263 Av. Général Leclerc, Rennes 35700, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, Paris 75005, France
| | - Ivan Norscia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino 10123, Italy
- Natural History Museum, University of Pisa, Via Roma 79, Calci (Pisa) 56011, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Palagi
- Natural History Museum, University of Pisa, Via Roma 79, Calci (Pisa) 56011, Italy
- Department of Biology, Unit of Ethology, University of Pisa Via Alessandro Volta 6, Pisa 50126, Italy
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9
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Korzan WJ, Summers CH. Evolution of stress responses refine mechanisms of social rank. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 14:100328. [PMID: 33997153 PMCID: PMC8105687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Social rank functions to facilitate coping responses to socially stressful situations and conditions. The evolution of social status appears to be inseparably connected to the evolution of stress. Stress, aggression, reward, and decision-making neurocircuitries overlap and interact to produce status-linked relationships, which are common among both male and female populations. Behavioral consequences stemming from social status and rank relationships are molded by aggressive interactions, which are inherently stressful. It seems likely that the balance of regulatory elements in pro- and anti-stress neurocircuitries results in rapid but brief stress responses that are advantageous to social dominance. These systems further produce, in coordination with reward and aggression circuitries, rapid adaptive responding during opportunities that arise to acquire food, mates, perch sites, territorial space, shelter and other resources. Rapid acquisition of resources and aggressive postures produces dominant individuals, who temporarily have distinct fitness advantages. For these reasons also, change in social status can occur rapidly. Social subordination results in slower and more chronic neural and endocrine reactions, a suite of unique defensive behaviors, and an increased propensity for anxious and depressive behavior and affect. These two behavioral phenotypes are but distinct ends of a spectrum, however, they may give us insights into the troubling mechanisms underlying the myriad of stress-related disorders to which they appear to be evolutionarily linked.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cliff H Summers
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA.,Neuroscience Group, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.,Veterans Affairs Research Service, Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD 57105 USA
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10
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Gallo A, Caselli M, Norscia I, Palagi E. Let's unite in play! Play modality and group membership in wild geladas. Behav Processes 2021; 184:104338. [PMID: 33513433 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two of the main hypotheses put forth to explain the function of immature social play are the Social Skill Hypothesis and the Motor Training Hypothesis focussing on whether play can improve social competence to develop cooperative social networks or physical abilities to outcompete others, respectively. Here, we tested these hypotheses on a monkey species, the wild gelada (Theropithecus gelada) from the Kundi plateau, Ethiopia. This species is organized in bands divided in One-Male Units (OMUs), united only via social play. Immatures form 'play units' in which individuals from the same and different OMUs interact. We analysed the potential differences between inter- and intra-OMU play to verify which of the two hypotheses (Social Skill or Motor Training Hypothesis) best explains the function of play in geladas. We analysed 527 video-recorded social play sessions and found mixed support for both hypotheses. In agreement with the Social Skill Hypothesis, we found that play in geladas shows scarce social canalization being similarly distributed across age, sex and group membership. In line with the Motor Training Hypothesis, we detected higher levels of competition (shorter and more unbalanced sessions) in inter-OMU compared to intra-OMU play. Hence, in geladas play can be a tool for both the development of social relationships and the improvement of the physical skills necessary to cope with either future mates or competitors. In conclusion, neither hypothesis can be discarded and both hypotheses concur in explaining why immature geladas peculiarly form 'play units' embracing both ingroup and outgroup members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gallo
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Caselli
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy
| | - Ivan Norscia
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123, Torino, Italy; Natural History Museum, University of Pisa, Via Roma 79, 56011, Calci, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Palagi
- Natural History Museum, University of Pisa, Via Roma 79, 56011, Calci, Pisa, Italy; Unit of Ethology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via Alessandro Volta 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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11
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Carrera SC, Sen S, Heistermann M, Lu A, Beehner JC. Low rank and primiparity increase fecal glucocorticoid metabolites across gestation in wild geladas. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 293:113494. [PMID: 32333913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Integrative behavioral ecology requires accurate and non-invasive measures of hormone mediators for the study of wild animal populations. Biologically sensitive assay systems for the measurement of hormones and their metabolites need to be validated for the species and sample medium (e.g. urine, feces, saliva) of interest. Where more than one assay is available for hormone (metabolite) measurement, antibody selection is useful in identifying the assay that tracks changes in an individuaĺs endocrine activity best, i.e., the most biologically sensitive assay. This is particularly important when measuring how glucocorticoids (GCs) respond to the subtle, additive effects of acute stressors during a predictable metabolic challenge, such as gestation. Here, we validate a group-specific enzyme immunoassay, measuring immunoreactive 11β-hydroxyetiocholanolone, for use in a wild primate, geladas (Theropithecus gelada). This group-specific assay produced values correlated with those from a previously validated double-antibody, corticosterone 125I radioimmunoassay. However, the results with the group-specific assay showed a stronger response to an ACTH challenge and identified greater variation in gelada immunoreactive fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (iGCMs) compared with the corticosterone assay, indicating a higher biological sensitivity for assessing adrenocortical activity. We then used the group-specific assay to: (1) determine the normative pattern of iGCM levels across gelada gestation, and (2) identify the ecological, social, and individual factors that influence GC output for pregnant females. Using a general additive mixed model, we found that higher iGCM levels were associated with low rank (compared to high rank) and first time mothers (compared to multiparous mothers). This study highlights the importance of assay selection and the efficacy of group-specific assays for hormonal research in non-invasively collected samples. Additionally, in geladas, our results identify some of the factors that increase GC output over and above the already-elevated GC concentrations associated with gestation. In the burgeoning field of maternal stress, these factors can be examined to identify the effects that GC elevations may have on offspring development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia C Carrera
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Sharmi Sen
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Heistermann
- Endocrinology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amy Lu
- Department of Anthropology, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jacinta C Beehner
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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12
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Tombak KJ, Wikberg EC, Rubenstein DI, Chapman CA. Reciprocity and rotating social advantage among females in egalitarian primate societies. Anim Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Gustison ML, Tinsley Johnson E, Beehner JC, Bergman TJ. The social functions of complex vocal sequences in wild geladas. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2612-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Dunbar RIM, Mac Carron P. Does a trade‐off between fertility and predation risk explain social evolution in baboons? J Zool (1987) 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. I. M. Dunbar
- Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Department of Computer Science Aalto University Espoo Finland
| | - P. Mac Carron
- Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Maynooth University Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland
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15
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Goffe AS, Fischer J, Sennhenn‐Reulen H. Bayesian inference and simulation approaches improve the assessment of Elo‐ratings in the analysis of social behaviour. Methods Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adeelia S. Goffe
- Cognitive Ethology LaboratoryGerman Primate Center–Leibniz Institute for Primate Research Göttingen Germany
| | - Julia Fischer
- Cognitive Ethology LaboratoryGerman Primate Center–Leibniz Institute for Primate Research Göttingen Germany
- Leibniz Science Campus Göttingen ‘Primate Cognition’ Göttingen Germany
| | - Holger Sennhenn‐Reulen
- Cognitive Ethology LaboratoryGerman Primate Center–Leibniz Institute for Primate Research Göttingen Germany
- Leibniz Science Campus Göttingen ‘Primate Cognition’ Göttingen Germany
- Department of Growth and YieldNorthwest German Forest Research Institute Göttingen Germany
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16
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Shimada M, Sueur C. Social play among juvenile wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) strengthens their social bonds. Am J Primatol 2017; 80. [PMID: 29194704 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Social play and grooming are typical affiliative interactions for many primate species, and are thought to have similar biological functions. However, grooming increases with age, whereas social play decreases. We proposed the hypothesis that both social grooming and social play in juveniles strengthen their social bonds in daily activities. We carried out field research on the social relationships among juvenile wild Japanese macaques in a troop in Kinkazan, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, from fall 2007 to spring 2008 to investigate this hypothesis. We evaluated three relationships among juveniles, play indices (PI), grooming indices (GI), and 3-m-proximity indices (3mI) of each dyad (i.e., interacting pair), and compared these social networks based on the matrices of the indices. The play and grooming networks were correlated with the association network throughout the two research periods. The multiple network level measurements of the play network, but not the grooming network, resembled those of the association network. Using a causal step approach, we showed that social play and grooming interactions in fall seem to predict associations in the following spring, controlling for the PI and GI matrix in spring, respectively. Social play and grooming for each juvenile were negatively correlated. The results partially support our predictions; therefore, the hypothesis that the biological function of social play among immature Japanese macaques is to strengthen their social bonds in the near future and develop their social life appears to be correct. For juvenile macaques, social play, rather than grooming, functions as an important social mechanism to strengthen affiliative relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shimada
- Department of Animal Sciences, Teikyo University of Science, Uenohara, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Cédric Sueur
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
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17
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Contexts and consequences of takeovers in hamadryas baboons: Female parity, reproductive state, and observational evidence of pregnancy loss. Am J Primatol 2017; 79. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Silva de Souza Matos L, Palme R, Silva Vasconcellos A. Behavioural and hormonal effects of member replacement in captive groups of blue-fronted amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva). Behav Processes 2017; 138:160-169. [PMID: 28286082 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Social species in captivity may face allostatic overload due to artificial grouping and other social constraints. In rescue centres, groups of psittacines are constantly mixed due to the arrival and/or release of individuals; this procedure is potentially harmful to animal welfare. This study aimed at evaluating the possible impacts of mate replacement on the stress levels of captive blue-fronted amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva). During five weeks, we recorded agonistic interactions and dropping-glucocorticoid metabolites (GCM) concentrations of individuals allocated in a group whose members were kept constant and in a group subjected to frequent member replacement. In both groups, non-linear hierarchies developed, without sex differences regarding aggression or hierarchical positions. The replacement of individuals had no effect on the number of agonistic interactions or on the animals' stress levels. In both groups, higher-ranking individuals had higher stress loads than subordinates. Our study, the first to investigate the social dynamics of A. aestiva, indicated that introducing or removing individuals in captive groups does not seem to affect the welfare of the birds in the short term. This information favours release and reintroduction programs and is relevant for conservation management of this, and possibly other parrot species with similar environmental requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laerciana Silva de Souza Matos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Av. Dom José Gaspar, 500, Prédio 41, Coração Eucarístico, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CEP 30535-901, Brazil; Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis - IBAMA, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP 30110-051, Brazil
| | - Rupert Palme
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angélica Silva Vasconcellos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Av. Dom José Gaspar, 500, Prédio 41, Coração Eucarístico, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais CEP 30535-901, Brazil.
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19
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Scheiber IBR, Weiß BM, Kingma SA, Komdeur J. The importance of the altricial - precocial spectrum for social complexity in mammals and birds - a review. Front Zool 2017; 14:3. [PMID: 28115975 PMCID: PMC5242088 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-016-0185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Various types of long-term stable relationships that individuals uphold, including cooperation and competition between group members, define social complexity in vertebrates. Numerous life history, physiological and cognitive traits have been shown to affect, or to be affected by, such social relationships. As such, differences in developmental modes, i.e. the ‘altricial-precocial’ spectrum, may play an important role in understanding the interspecific variation in occurrence of social interactions, but to what extent this is the case is unclear because the role of the developmental mode has not been studied directly in across-species studies of sociality. In other words, although there are studies on the effects of developmental mode on brain size, on the effects of brain size on cognition, and on the effects of cognition on social complexity, there are no studies directly investigating the link between developmental mode and social complexity. This is surprising because developmental differences play a significant role in the evolution of, for example, brain size, which is in turn considered an essential building block with respect to social complexity. Here, we compiled an overview of studies on various aspects of the complexity of social systems in altricial and precocial mammals and birds. Although systematic studies are scarce and do not allow for a quantitative comparison, we show that several forms of social relationships and cognitive abilities occur in species along the entire developmental spectrum. Based on the existing evidence it seems that differences in developmental modes play a minor role in whether or not individuals or species are able to meet the cognitive capabilities and requirements for maintaining complex social relationships. Given the scarcity of comparative studies and potential subtle differences, however, we suggest that future studies should consider developmental differences to determine whether our finding is general or whether some of the vast variation in social complexity across species can be explained by developmental mode. This would allow a more detailed assessment of the relative importance of developmental mode in the evolution of vertebrate social systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella B R Scheiber
- The University of Groningen, Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brigitte M Weiß
- Behavioural Ecology Research Group, University of Leipzig, Faculty of Bioscience, Pharmacy and Psychology, Institute of Biology, Talstraße 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sjouke A Kingma
- The University of Groningen, Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Komdeur
- The University of Groningen, Behavioural and Physiological Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Duboscq J, Neumann C, Agil M, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Thierry B, Engelhardt A. Degrees of freedom in social bonds of crested macaque females. Anim Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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21
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Campbell LAD, Tkaczynski PJ, Mouna M, Qarro M, Waterman J, Majolo B. Behavioral responses to injury and death in wild Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus). Primates 2016; 57:309-15. [PMID: 27194051 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-016-0540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The wounding or death of a conspecific has been shown to elicit varied behavioral responses throughout thanatology. Recently, a number of reports have presented contentious evidence of epimeletic behavior towards the dying and dead among non-human animals, a behavioral trait previously considered uniquely human. Here, we report on the behavioral responses of Barbary macaques, a social, non-human primate, to the deaths of four group members (one high-ranking adult female, one high-ranking adult male, one juvenile male, and one female infant), all caused by road traffic accidents. Responses appeared to vary based on the nature of the death (protracted or instant) and the age class of the deceased. Responses included several behaviors with potential adaptive explanations or consequences. These included exploration, caretaking (guarding, carrying, and grooming), and proximity to wounded individuals or corpses, and immediate as well as longer-lasting distress behaviors from other group members following death, all of which have been reported in other non-human primate species. These observations add to a growing body of comparative evolutionary analysis of primate thanatology and help to highlight the multifaceted impacts of human-induced fatalities on an endangered and socially complex primate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick J Tkaczynski
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Research in Evolutionary and Environmental Anthropology, University of Roehampton, London, SW15 4JD, UK.
| | - Mohamed Mouna
- Institut Scientifique, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Qarro
- Ecole Nationale Forestiére d´Ingenieurs, Tabriquet, Salé, Morocco
| | - James Waterman
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
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22
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Städele V, Pines M, Swedell L, Vigilant L. The ties that bind: Maternal kin bias in a multilevel primate society despite natal dispersal by both sexes. Am J Primatol 2016; 78:731-44. [PMID: 26890431 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In many social animals, individuals derive fitness benefits from close social bonds, which are often formed among kin of the philopatric sex. Hamadryas baboons, however, exhibit a hierarchical, multilevel social system where both sexes disperse from their natal one-male-unit (OMU). Although this would seem to hinder maintenance of kin ties, both sexes appear largely philopatric at the higher order band and clan levels, possibly allowing for bonds with same sex kin by both males and females. In order to investigate the possibility of kin bonds in hamadryas baboons, we identified kin dyads in a band without known pedigree information using a large panel of genetic markers: 1 Y-linked, 4 X-linked, and 23 autosomal microsatellites and part of the mitochondrial hypervariable region I. With these data, we performed a kinship analysis while accounting for misclassification rates through simulations and determined kinship among two types of dyads: leader and follower males and female dyads within OMUs. Leader and follower males were maternal relatives more often than expected by chance, suggesting that kinship plays a role in the formation of these relationships. Moreover, maternal female relatives were found in the same OMU more often than expected by chance, indicating that females may be motivated to maintain post-dispersal contact with maternal female kin. Our results suggest that hamadryas baboons can recognize maternal kin and that kin selection has contributed to shaping their complex social system. This implies that an ancestral maternal kin bias has been retained in hamadryas society. Am. J. Primatol. 78:731-744, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Städele
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathew Pines
- Filoha Hamadryas Project, Awash National Park, Metahara, Ethiopia
| | - Larissa Swedell
- Filoha Hamadryas Project, Awash National Park, Metahara, Ethiopia.,Department of Anthropology, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, New York.,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, New York.,Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Linda Vigilant
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
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Abstract
Dog social behaviour has been well studied, but little is known about affiliative relationships between dogs. We report a yearlong study of dominance and affiliation in 24 dogs at a dog daycare facility and provide additional details on dog relationships through long-term observations of pairs of dogs who lived together in the same household or met frequently for years. Companion dogs formed highly differentiated relationships with one another. At daycare, some dyads affiliated and displayed one-way submission (formal dominance), others affiliated without a dominance relationship (egalitarian), and the majority of dyads did not affiliate at all (agonistic or non-interactive). The dogs in household environments showed formal and egalitarian relationships, and two dyads exchanged two-way agonism without submission (unresolved). Sex influenced the types of relationships dogs formed, with mixed sex dyads more likely to affiliate and less likely to exhibit dominance than same-sex pairs. Dominance influenced the nature of affiliation in relationships; egalitarian dyads were more likely to play and showed more equitable gentle affiliation. Gentle affiliation was reciprocal in the group as a whole, but it was highly skewed in many dyads, especially those with dominance relationships. Gentle affiliation was usually, but not always, directed up the hierarchy. Certain dyads affiliated at much higher rates than others, indicating that the dogs formed friendships. Most friends were mixed sex and/or egalitarian pairs, but friendships occurred in all of the sex class/dominance combinations. Long-term observations demonstrated how dyadic relationships can change over time. Such highly differentiated relationships suggest significant social complexity in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K. Trisko
- aDepartment of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, USA
| | - Aaron A. Sandel
- bDepartment of Anthropology, University of Michigan, 1085 S. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Barbara Smuts
- aDepartment of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1043, USA
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24
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Snyder-Mackler N, Kohn JN, Barreiro LB, Johnson ZP, Wilson ME, Tung J. Social status drives social relationships in groups of unrelated female rhesus macaques. Anim Behav 2016; 111:307-317. [PMID: 26769983 PMCID: PMC4707678 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Strong social relationships confer health and fitness benefits in a number of species, motivating the need to understand the processes through which they arise. In female cercopithecine primates, both kinship and dominance rank are thought to influence rates of affiliative behaviour and social partner preference. Teasing apart the relative importance of these factors has been challenging, however, as female kin often occupy similar positions in the dominance hierarchy. Here, we isolated the specific effects of rank on social relationships in female rhesus macaques by analysing grooming patterns in 18 social groups that did not contain close relatives, and in which dominance ranks were experimentally randomized. We found that grooming was asymmetrically directed towards higher-ranking females and that grooming bouts temporarily decreased the likelihood of aggression between grooming partners, supporting the idea that grooming is associated with social tolerance. Even in the absence of kin, females formed the strongest grooming relationships with females adjacent to them in rank, a pattern that was strongest for the highest-ranking females. Using simulations, we show that three rules for allocating grooming based on dominance rank recapitulated most of the relationships we observed. Finally, we evaluated whether a female's tendency to engage in grooming behaviour was stable across time and social setting. We found that one measure, the rate of grooming females provided to others (but not the rate of grooming females received), exhibited modest stability after accounting for the primary effect of dominance rank. Together, our findings indicate that dominance rank has strong effects on social relationships in the absence of kin, suggesting the importance of considering social status and social connectedness jointly when investigating their health and fitness consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan N. Kohn
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A
| | - Luis B. Barreiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zachary P. Johnson
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A
| | - Mark E. Wilson
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, U.S.A
| | - Jenny Tung
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, U.S.A
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, U.S.A
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- Duke Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, U.S.A
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25
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Pallante V, Stanyon R, Palagi E. Agonistic support towards victims buffers aggression in geladas (Theropithecus gelada). BEHAVIOUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Agonistic support occurs when a bystander intervenes in an ongoing conflict. The consequences of agonistic support may differ when provided to victims or aggressors. Supporting victims may not only protect them, but also limit the escalation of aggression among group members. Our results on Theropithecus gelada showed that support was preferentially directed towards victims and high-ranking individuals provided the highest levels of support. Whereas the support towards the aggressor had no effect in reducing its renewed aggression, it increased the frequency of subsequent conflicts among fellows. The support towards victims significantly reduced subsequent aggression both towards the victim and among other group members. The support was biased towards victims who were unrelated and shared weak bonds with the aggressors. In conclusion, victim support may be a social tool, which intervenes when other mechanisms are less likely to occur such as the case when the opponents are not kin or friends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Pallante
- aAnthropology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Florence, via del Proconsolo 12, 50122 Florence, Italy
| | - Roscoe Stanyon
- aAnthropology Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Florence, via del Proconsolo 12, 50122 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Palagi
- bNatural History Museum, University of Pisa, via Roma 79, 56011 Calci (PI), Italy
- cInstitute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, CNR, Via Aldrovandi 2, 00197 Rome, Italy
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26
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Klass K, Cords M. Agonism and dominance in female blue monkeys. Am J Primatol 2015; 77:1299-315. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keren Klass
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology; Columbia University; New York New York
- Department of Anthropology; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Marina Cords
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology; Columbia University; New York New York
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27
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Barale CL, Rubenstein DI, Beehner JC. Juvenile social relationships reflect adult patterns of behavior in wild geladas. Am J Primatol 2015; 77:1086-96. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin L. Barale
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey
| | - Daniel I. Rubenstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Princeton University; Princeton New Jersey
| | - Jacinta C. Beehner
- Department of Psychology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan
- Department of Anthropology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor Michigan
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28
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29
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Rands SA. Nearest-neighbour clusters as a novel technique for assessing group associations. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2015; 2:140232. [PMID: 26064580 PMCID: PMC4448799 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.140232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
When all the individuals in a social group can be easily identified, one of the simplest measures of social interaction that can be recorded is nearest-neighbour identity. Many field studies use sequential scan samples of groups to build up association metrics using these nearest-neighbour identities. Here, I describe a simple technique for identifying clusters of associated individuals within groups that uses nearest-neighbour identity data. Using computer-generated datasets with known associations, I demonstrate that this clustering technique can be used to build data suitable for association metrics, and that it can generate comparable metrics to raw nearest-neighbour data, but with much less initial data. This technique could therefore be of use where it is difficult to generate large datasets. Other situations where the technique would be useful are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A. Rands
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
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30
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Guo S, Huang K, Ji W, Garber PA, Li B. The role of kinship in the formation of a primate multilevel society. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 156:606-13. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China of Ministry of Education and College of Life Sciences; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Kang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China of Ministry of Education and College of Life Sciences; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Weihong Ji
- Human and Wildlife Interactions Research Group Institute of Natural Mathematical Sciences; Massey University; Albany Auckland New Zealand 1311
| | - Paul A. Garber
- Anthropology Department; University Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61801
| | - Baoguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China of Ministry of Education and College of Life Sciences; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
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31
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Snyder-Mackler N, Alberts SC, Bergman TJ. The socio-genetics of a complex society: female gelada relatedness patterns mirror association patterns in a multilevel society. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:6179-91. [PMID: 25362869 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multilevel societies with fission-fusion dynamics--arguably the most complex animal societies--are defined by two or more nested levels of organization. The core of these societies are modular social units that regularly fission and fuse with one another. Despite convergent evolution in disparate taxa, we know strikingly little about how such societies form and how fitness benefits operate. Understanding the kinship structure of complex societies could inform us about the origins of the social structure as well as about the potential for individuals in these societies to accrue indirect fitness benefits. Here, we combined genetic and behavioural data on geladas (Theropithecus gelada), an Old World Monkey, to complete the most comprehensive socio-genetic analysis of a multilevel society to date. In geladas, individuals in the core social 'units', associate at different frequencies to form 'teams', 'bands' and, the largest aggregations, 'communities'. Units were composed of closely related females, and females remained with their close kin during permanent fissions of units. Interestingly, female-female relatedness also significantly predicted between-unit, between-team and between-band association patterns, while male-male relatedness did not. Thus, it is likely that the socio-genetic structure of gelada society results from females maintaining associations with their female relatives during successive unit fissions--possibly in an attempt to balance the direct and indirect fitness benefits of group living. Overall, the persistence of associations among related females across generations appears to drive the formation of higher levels of gelada society, suggesting that females seek kin for inclusive fitness benefits at multiple levels of gelada society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, 130 Science Dr., Durham, NC, USA
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32
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Cords M, Nikitopoulos E. Maternal kin bias in affiliative behavior among wild adult female blue monkeys. Am J Primatol 2014; 77:109-23. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cords
- Department of Ecology; Evolution and Environmental Biology; Columbia University; New York New York
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology
| | - Eleni Nikitopoulos
- Department of Ecology; Evolution and Environmental Biology; Columbia University; New York New York
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology
- Department of Life Sciences; New York Institute of Technology; New York New York
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33
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The Genetic Basis of Primate Behavior: Genetics and Genomics in Field-Based Primatology. INT J PRIMATOL 2013; 35:1-10. [PMID: 25013243 DOI: 10.1007/s10764-013-9732-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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