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Lima GCB, Lacerda JC, Taynor R, Araújo M, Bezerra BM, Souza-Alves JP. A new addition to the toolbox: stone tool use in blonde capuchin monkeys (Sapajus flavius). Primates 2024:10.1007/s10329-024-01143-7. [PMID: 38935179 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-024-01143-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The use of tools played a central role in human culture and evolution. Early studies with apes demonstrated the tool use; however, currently the works have focused on Platyrrhine, particularly capuchin monkeys. Blonde capuchin monkeys, Sapajus flavius, have been observed using sticks to fish for termites in the Atlantic Forest, where this species has been extensively studied. In this study, we presented the first evidence of stone tool use by the blonde capuchin monkeys, as well as the dimensions and weight of these tools. We gathered data from three areas of Caatinga dry forest where we discovered this new tool use among the species. The mean weight of the hammers was 475.7 g (± 142 SD). The mean height of the anvils was 48.3 cm (± 18.7 SD), while the mean surface area of the anvils was 1.2 m2 (± 0.4 SD). We identified fruits and/or nuts from three plant species-Prunus dulces, Cnidoscolus quercifolius, and Syagrus coronate-near the anvils at the study sites. Additionally, we passively observed six instances of stone tool use by blonde capuchin monkeys. Their use of stones to crack encased foods mirrored behaviors previously reported in Sapajus libidinosus, a species well known for using stone tools to exploit hard nuts. Our findings place blonde capuchin monkeys among the list of primates that utilize stones as tools, highlighting the species' adaptability in exploiting resources within the Caatinga. Long-term studies are essentials to comprehend the use pattern of stone tools (across both general and seasonal perspectives) and the influence of variables, such as fruit hardness, distance to watercourses, and fruit availability on the use of this technology by this primate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovana C B Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Morais Rego, no. 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Comportamento e Conservação (LECC), Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Lacerda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Morais Rego, no. 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Comportamento e Conservação (LECC), Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Rick Taynor
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Morais Rego, no. 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Comportamento e Conservação (LECC), Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Marcos Araújo
- ONG Instituto SOS Caatinga, São José da Tapera, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Bruna M Bezerra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Morais Rego, no. 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Comportamento e Conservação (LECC), Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Souza-Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Morais Rego, no. 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Comportamento e Conservação (LECC), Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
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Estimating the density of small mammals using the selfie trap is an effective camera trapping method. MAMMAL RES 2022; 67:467-482. [PMID: 35891629 PMCID: PMC9304545 DOI: 10.1007/s13364-022-00643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Camera trapping to study wildlife allows for data collection, without the need to capture animals. Traditionally, camera traps have been used to target larger terrestrial mammal species, though recently novel methods and adjustments in procedures have meant camera traps can be used to study small mammals. The selfie trap (a camera trapping method) may present robust sampling and ecological study of small mammals. This study aimed to evaluate the selfie trap method in terms of its ability to detect species and estimate population density. To address this aim, standard small mammal live trapping was undertaken, immediately followed by camera trapping using the selfie trap. Both methods were set to target the arboreal sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) and semi-arboreal brown antechinus (Antechinus stuartii). The more ground-dwelling bush rat (Rattus fuscipes) was also live trapped and recorded on camera. Across four survey areas, the probability of detection for each of the three species was higher for selfie traps than for live trapping. Spatially explicit capture-recapture models showed that selfie traps were superior at estimating density for brown antechinus and sugar gliders, when compared to simulated live trapping data. Hit rates (number of videos per various time intervals) were correlated with abundance. When correlating various hit rate intervals with abundance, the use of 10-min hit rate was best for predicting sugar glider abundance (R2 = 0.94). The abundance of brown antechinus was estimated from selfie traps using a 24-h hit rate as a predictor (R2 = 0.85). For sugar gliders, the selfie trap can replace live trapping as individuals can be identified through their unique facial stripes and natural ear scars, and thus used in capture-recapture analysis. This method may be useful for monitoring the abundance of other small mammal species that can also be individually recognized from photographs.
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Li WB, Yang PP, Xia DP, Huffman MA, Li M, Li JH. Ecotourism Disturbance on an Endemic Endangered Primate in the Huangshan Man and the Biosphere Reserve of China: A Way to Move Forward. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071042. [PMID: 36101421 PMCID: PMC9312286 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary How to realize the sustainability of economic development and animal protection is a significant problem faced by Man and the Biosphere reserves. Although there are many theoretical frameworks, there is still a lack of supportive ecological evidence. This study analyzed aspects of the local human population, economic growth, number of tourists, and ticket income data of Huangshan Man and Biosphere Reserve (HMBR) as well as population and distribution changes in the flagship species (Tibetan macaque) in HMBR over a 30 year period. We found that after 30 years of implementing a sustainable development strategy in HMBR, the local economy and the population of Tibetan macaques have increased simultaneously. With economic growth, more funds for protection have been invested, improving the local environment significantly and expanding the existing distribution of the Tibetan macaque population. This study provides strong evidence for the sustainable development of Man and Biosphere reserves. We propose that economic and wildlife population growth and distribution area measures constitute a critical standard for the evaluation of sustainable development. Abstract The primary purpose of the Man and the Biosphere Program is the sustainable development of both the economy and nature conservation activities. Although the effectiveness of eco-tourism to reach this goal has been proposed, due to the lack of long-term monitoring data and a model species, there has been no obvious mechanism to evaluate the effectiveness of this policy. This study explored the effectiveness of the sustainable development policy of HMBR based on 30 years data of monitoring the Tibetan macaque, local human population, visitors, and annual ecotourism income in Huangshan by estimating species habitat suitability and the impact of ecotourism. The results showed increases in the income for the local human population, the number of visitors, and annual eco-tourism. Simultaneously, the reserve’s Tibetan macaque population size and suitable habitat areas increased. The macaques expanded their habitat to the low-altitude buffer zone (400–800 m), an area with lower eco-tourism disturbance. Scenic spots had a significant negative impact on habitat suitability (the substantially increased contributions of scenic spots from 0.71% to 32.88%). Our results and methods provide a suitable evaluation framework for monitoring the sustainable development and effectiveness of eco-tourism and wildlife conservation in Man and the Biosphere reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, No. 111, Jiulong Road, Hefei 230601, China;
| | - Pei-Pei Yang
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, No. 111, Jiulong Road, Hefei 230601, China;
| | - Dong-Po Xia
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, No. 111, Jiulong Road, Hefei 230601, China;
| | - Michael A. Huffman
- Wildlife Research Center, Inuyama Campus, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jin-Hua Li
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, No. 111, Jiulong Road, Hefei 230601, China;
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, No. 1688, Lianhua Road, Hefei 230601, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (J.-H.L.)
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Agostini I, Pizzio E, Varela D, Iezzi ME, Cruz P, Paviolo A, Di Bitetti MS. Camera trapping arboreal mammals in Argentina’s Atlantic Forest. MAMMALIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2022-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Canopy camera trapping is being increasingly used to characterize assemblages of arboreal mammals. In this study we compared, for the first time, the assemblage of arboreal mammals of the Atlantic Forest, surveyed using canopy camera trapping at two protected areas of Misiones, Argentina: Piñalito (11 camera-trap stations) and Cruce Caballero (9 stations), with the assemblage recorded at ground-level with a camera-trapping survey conducted at another protected area, the nearby private reserve Valle del Alegría (18 stations). We calculated the number of independent photo-events for each species and site, and we built species rank abundance curves to compare the recorded species diversity among sites. We recorded six mammal species at Piñalito and Cruce Caballero, and 23 at Valle del Alegría. Canopy-survey sites showed lower diversity but a different and non-nested species composition when compared to the ground-level survey. One of the most frequently recorded species in the canopy, the brown-eared woolly opossum, Caluromys lanatus, categorized as Vulnerable in Argentina, has not been photographed in ground-level camera-trap surveys in Misiones before. Our results suggest that canopy camera trapping represents a robust method to sample arboreal species that are missed in ground-level camera-trap surveys, thus improving forest species inventories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Agostini
- CONICET; Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi (CENAC-APN) , Fagnano 244, CP 8400 , Bariloche , Río Negro , Argentina
- Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Mamíferos (GECOMA), Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS), CONICET-UNaM , Bertoni 85, CP 3370 , Puerto Iguazú , Misiones , Argentina
- Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA) , Bertoni 85, CP 3370 , Puerto Iguazú , Misiones , Argentina
| | - Esteban Pizzio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias (IFAB), INTA-CONICET , Modesta Victoria 4450, CP 8400 , San Carlos de Bariloche , Río Negro , Argentina
| | - Diego Varela
- Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Mamíferos (GECOMA), Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS), CONICET-UNaM , Bertoni 85, CP 3370 , Puerto Iguazú , Misiones , Argentina
- Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA) , Bertoni 85, CP 3370 , Puerto Iguazú , Misiones , Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Iezzi
- Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Mamíferos (GECOMA), Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS), CONICET-UNaM , Bertoni 85, CP 3370 , Puerto Iguazú , Misiones , Argentina
- Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA) , Bertoni 85, CP 3370 , Puerto Iguazú , Misiones , Argentina
| | - Paula Cruz
- Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Mamíferos (GECOMA), Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS), CONICET-UNaM , Bertoni 85, CP 3370 , Puerto Iguazú , Misiones , Argentina
- Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA) , Bertoni 85, CP 3370 , Puerto Iguazú , Misiones , Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones , Bertoni 124, CP 3380 , Eldorado , Misiones , Argentina
| | - Agustín Paviolo
- Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Mamíferos (GECOMA), Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS), CONICET-UNaM , Bertoni 85, CP 3370 , Puerto Iguazú , Misiones , Argentina
- Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA) , Bertoni 85, CP 3370 , Puerto Iguazú , Misiones , Argentina
| | - Mario S. Di Bitetti
- Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Mamíferos (GECOMA), Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS), CONICET-UNaM , Bertoni 85, CP 3370 , Puerto Iguazú , Misiones , Argentina
- Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico (CeIBA) , Bertoni 85, CP 3370 , Puerto Iguazú , Misiones , Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones , Bertoni 124, CP 3380 , Eldorado , Misiones , Argentina
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Congdon JV, Hosseini M, Gading EF, Masousi M, Franke M, MacDonald SE. The Future of Artificial Intelligence in Monitoring Animal Identification, Health, and Behaviour. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131711. [PMID: 35804610 PMCID: PMC9265132 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Due to climate change and human interference, many species are now without habitats and on the brink of extinction. Zoos and other conservation spaces allow for non-human animal preservation and public education about endangered species and ecosystems. Monitoring the health and well-being of animals in care, while providing species-specific environments, is critical for zoo and conservation staff. In order to best provide such care, keepers and researchers need to gather as much information as possible about individual animals and species as a whole. This paper focuses on existing technology to monitor animals, providing a review on the history of technology, including recent technological advancements and current limitations. Subsequently, we provide a brief introduction to our proposed novel computer software: an artificial intelligence software capable of unobtrusively and non-invasively tracking individuals’ location, estimating position, and analyzing behaviour. This innovative technology is currently being trained with orangutans at the Toronto Zoo and will allow for mass data collection, permitting keepers and researchers to closely monitor individual animal welfare, learn about the variables impacting behaviour and provide additional enrichment or interventions accordingly. Abstract With many advancements, technologies are now capable of recording non-human animals’ location, heart rate, and movement, often using a device that is physically attached to the monitored animals. However, to our knowledge, there is currently no technology that is able to do this unobtrusively and non-invasively. Here, we review the history of technology for use with animals, recent technological advancements, current limitations, and a brief introduction to our proposed novel software. Canadian tech mogul EAIGLE Inc. has developed an artificial intelligence (AI) software solution capable of determining where people and assets are within public places or attractions for operational intelligence, security, and health and safety applications. The solution also monitors individual temperatures to reduce the potential spread of COVID-19. This technology has been adapted for use at the Toronto Zoo, initiated with a focus on Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) given the close physical similarity between orangutans and humans as great ape species. This technology will be capable of mass data collection, individual identification, pose estimation, behaviour monitoring and tracking orangutans’ locations, in real time on a 24/7 basis, benefitting both zookeepers and researchers looking to review this information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna V. Congdon
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (M.H.); (E.F.G.); (S.E.M.)
- Toronto Zoo Wildlife Conservancy, Toronto Zoo, Toronto, ON M1B 5K7, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-587-873-9605
| | - Mina Hosseini
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (M.H.); (E.F.G.); (S.E.M.)
- EAIGLE, Markham, ON L3R 9Z7, Canada;
| | - Ezekiel F. Gading
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (M.H.); (E.F.G.); (S.E.M.)
| | | | | | - Suzanne E. MacDonald
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (M.H.); (E.F.G.); (S.E.M.)
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de Souza Jesus A, de Oliveira-Ramalho ML, El Bizri HR, Valsecchi J, Mayor P. Environmental and biological drivers of prevalence and number of eggs and oocysts of intestinal parasites in red howler monkeys from Central Amazonia. Folia Primatol (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/14219980-20210701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Host-parasite relationships can be directly affected by host’s biological aspects and environmental factors, which influence both the survival of infective forms and the incidence of parasites. However, logistical difficulties in accessing biological samples for parasitological studies makes the Amazon Forest into a poorly known region in relation to the dynamic of parasites of wild animals. Here, using 34 red howler monkeys’ biological samples donated by local subsistence hunters from two Amazon habitat types (white-water flooded forest and upland forest) as an opportune alternative, we detected four intestinal parasite taxa infecting this species (two nematodes – Trypanoxyuris sp. and Strongyloides sp., one protozoan – Entamoeba sp. –, and one not-identified trematode, the last just found for white-water flooded forest). Trypanoxyuris was the most prevalent intestinal parasite (56.5% at flooded forest and 54.5% at upland forest). There was no difference between habitat types or individual sex regarding the prevalence for any parasite taxa. On the other hand, we found a strong influence of seasonality, with increasing prevalence of all parasite taxa as the river water level increased. In terms of egg and cyst counts, we found a difference between sexes (females > males, p = 0.002) and habitat types (upland forest > white-water flooded forest, p = 0.02), and a positive relationship with river water level (p = 0.002). Although some of these parasite taxa can be shared between humans and howlers, further investigations are necessary to study the parasites taxonomy thoroughly and to assess the potential zoonotic cross-transmission of these pathogens to local people living in the Amazon. In this study, we unveiled a seasonal effect for howler monkeys’ intestinal parasites, that also might occur in other non-human primates of the Amazon. In addition, our results on periods of high risk of intestinal parasite infection are useful to estimate future impacts of climate change on host-parasite dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamélia de Souza Jesus
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém (Pará), Brasil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé (Amazonas), Brasil
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia e Conservação de Primatas, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé (Amazonas), Brasil
- Rede de Pesquisapara Estudos sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna), Manaus (Amazonas), Brasil
| | - Miguell Lemos de Oliveira-Ramalho
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé (Amazonas), Brasil
- Centro de Estudos Superiores de Tefé/Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Tefé (Amazonas), Brasil
| | - Hani R. El Bizri
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé (Amazonas), Brasil
- Rede de Pesquisapara Estudos sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna), Manaus (Amazonas), Brasil
- School of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (ComFauna), Iquitos (Loreto), Peru
| | - João Valsecchi
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Tefé (Amazonas), Brasil
- Rede de Pesquisapara Estudos sobre Diversidade, Conservação e Uso da Fauna na Amazônia (RedeFauna), Manaus (Amazonas), Brasil
| | - Pedro Mayor
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém (Pará), Brasil
- Comunidad de Manejo de Fauna Silvestre en la Amazonía y en Latinoamérica (ComFauna), Iquitos (Loreto), Peru
- Departamento Sanidad y Anatomía Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
AbstractBrazil has a high diversity of primates, but increasing anthropogenic pressures and climate change could influence forest cover in the country and cause future changes in the distribution of primate populations. Here we aim to assess the long-term suitability of habitats for the conservation of three threatened Brazilian primates (Alouatta belzebul, Sapajus flavius and Sapajus libidinosus) through (1) estimating their current and future distributions using species distribution models, (2) evaluating how much of the areas projected to be suitable is represented within protected areas and priority areas for biodiversity conservation, and (3) assessing the extent of remaining forest cover in areas predicted to be suitable for these species. We found that 88% of the suitable areas are outside protected areas and only 24% are located in areas with forest cover. Although not within protected areas, 27% of the climatically suitable areas are considered priority areas for conservation. Future projections, considering a severe climate change scenario, indicate that A. belzebul, S. flavius and S. libidinosus may lose up to 94, 98 and 54% of their suitable range, respectively. The establishment of primate populations and their long-term survival in these areas are at risk. Mitigation actions such as the implementation of new protected areas, forest restoration and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions will be essential for the conservation of Brazilian primates.
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For emergency only: terrestrial feeding in Coimbra-Filho's titis reflects seasonal arboreal resource availability. Primates 2020; 62:199-206. [PMID: 32862373 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-020-00859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Terrestriality in Platyrrhine primates is primarily associated with low arboreal resource availability, low predation risk when on the ground and increased contact time with human observers. To test the relationship between these variables and ground use frequency, we studied a group of endangered Coimbra-Filho's titi monkeys (Callicebus coimbrai) in a 14-ha forest fragment in north-eastern Brazil. Terrestriality data were collected on a monthly basis (33 months) using scan sampling procedures from July 2008 to July 2012. Overall, Coimbra-Filho's titi monkeys were recorded during 0.6% of observation time (113 out of 18,164 scans) on the ground. Most of the time on the ground was spent feeding on young leaves (71 records) and the least amount of time on fruits (14 records). Availability of arboreal foods, rainfall, and time of contact with human observers did not influence overall terrestrial behaviour (ground use). However, the timing and nature of the monkeys' terrestrial feeding was strongly related to the absence of arboreal fruit (β-estimate = -3.078) and young leaf (β-estimate = -3.515) food resources. We suggest that terrestrial feeding by Coimbra-Filho's titi monkeys could be an adaptation to low arboreal fruit availability and the exploitation of alternative food resources.
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Nguyen AT, Van Nguyen T, Timmins R, McGowan P, Van Hoang T, Le MD. Efficacy of camera traps in detecting primates in Hue Saola Nature Reserve. Primates 2020; 61:697-705. [PMID: 32383126 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-020-00823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Camera trapping has been demonstrated to be an effective tool in surveying a suite of species, especially elusive mammals in rough terrains. The method has become increasingly common in primate surveys for both ground-dwelling and arboreal taxa in many tropical regions of the world. However, camera trapping has rarely been used to inventory primates in Vietnam, although many species are under severe threats and in critical need of surveying for improved conservation measures. In this study, we employed camera trapping to primarily investigate the possible continued presence of galliform species, but also to opportunistically record primate species, in Hue Saola Nature Reserve in central Vietnam. We documented five primate species, including the northern pig-tailed macaque Macaca leonina, the stump-tailed macaque Macaca arctoides, the rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta, the pygmy slow loris Nycticebus pygmaeus, and the red-shanked douc Pygathrix nemaeus, which represents a majority of primate diversity in the reserve. The results show that camera trapping may be an option for documenting primate diversity, and seasonal and daily activities of ground-dwelling taxa. Our data also suggest that although human disturbance is still rampant in the area, Hue Saola Nature Reserve appears to be reasonably well protected compared to other conservation areas in Indochina. In particular, it is home to several highly threatened primates, and it therefore plays a crucial role in primate conservation in Vietnam. However, these populations are in need of greater protection, such as more targeted patrols to remove snares and prevent other violations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Van Nguyen
- Central Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Philip McGowan
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Thang Van Hoang
- Central Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Duc Le
- Department of Environmental Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan District, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Central Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Zemanova MA. Towards more compassionate wildlife research through the 3Rs principles: moving from invasive to non-invasive methods. WILDLIFE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2981/wlb.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A. Zemanova
- M. A. Zemanova (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5002-3388) ✉ , Dept of Philosophy, Univ. of Basel, Steinengraben 5, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
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11
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New records of the critically endangered Ecuadorian white-fronted capuchin (Cebus aequatorialis) detected by remote cameras. Primates 2020; 61:175-179. [PMID: 31915955 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-019-00787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The Ecuadorian white-fronted capuchin (Cebus aequatorialis) is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) on the IUCN Red List at both international and national levels in Ecuador, and the majority of detections have been recorded from direct observation. In this work, we report the occurrence of this species in a new location in the Coastal Region of Ecuador recorded by remote cameras. Overall, eight separate detections were recorded by three unique cameras from 19 Aug to 10 Dec 2016, over seven individual days, with a detection rate of 1.4 records per 1000 camera days. One additional detection was recorded in a brief remote camera survey conducted in January and February 2018. Only two direct observations were recorded in many visits to the study area over the past several years, suggesting that the use of remote cameras could be an effective method to detect the occurrence of Ecuadorian white-fronted capuchin, particularly in tropical dry forests with low tree coverage.
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12
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Medeiros K, Bastos M, Jones G, Bezerra B. Behavior, Diet, and Habitat Use by Blonde Capuchin Monkeys (Sapajus flavius) in a Coastal Area Prone to Flooding: Direct Observations and Camera Trapping. INT J PRIMATOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-019-00103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Lacroux C, Guma N, Krief S. Facial dysplasia in wild forest olive baboons (Papio anubis) in Sebitoli, Kibale National Park, Uganda: Use of camera traps to detect health defects. J Med Primatol 2019; 48:143-153. [PMID: 30941780 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primate populations are in decline, mainly affected by agriculture leading to habitat loss, fragmentation but also chemical pollution. Kibale National Park (Uganda), Sebitoli forest, surrounded by tea and crop fields, is the home range of chimpanzees presenting congenital facial dysplasia. This study aimed to identify to what extent the same phenotypical features are observed in baboons (Papio anubis) of this area. METHODS A total of 25 390 clips recorded by 14 camera traps between January 2017 and April 2018 were analyzed. RESULTS We identified 30 immature and adult baboons of both sexes with nose and lip deformities. They were more frequently observed in the northwestern part of the area. CONCLUSIONS A possible effect of pesticides used in crops at the border of their habitat is suspected to alter the embryonic development. This study emphasizes the importance of non-invasive methods to detect health problems in wild primates that can act as sentinels for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lacroux
- UMR 7206 CNRS/MNHN/P7, Eco-anthropologie, Hommes, et Environnements, Musée de l'Homme, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France.,Sebitoli Chimpanzee Project, Projet pour la Conservation des Grands Singes, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Nelson Guma
- Uganda Wildlife Authority, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Sabrina Krief
- UMR 7206 CNRS/MNHN/P7, Eco-anthropologie, Hommes, et Environnements, Musée de l'Homme, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France.,Sebitoli Chimpanzee Project, Projet pour la Conservation des Grands Singes, Fort Portal, Uganda
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14
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Lins PGADS, Ferreira RG. Competition during sugarcane crop raiding by blond capuchin monkeys (Sapajus flavius). Primates 2018; 60:81-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s10329-018-0698-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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15
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Bastos M, Medeiros K, Jones G, Bezerra B. Small but wise: Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) use acoustic signals as cues to avoid interactions with blonde capuchin monkeys (Sapajus flavius). Am J Primatol 2018; 80:e22744. [PMID: 29488642 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Vocalizations are often used by animals to communicate and mediate social interactions. Animals may benefit from eavesdropping on calls from other species to avoid predation and thus increase their chances of survival. Here we use both observational and experimental evidence to investigate eavesdropping and how acoustic signals may mediate interactions between two sympatric and endemic primate species (common marmosets and blonde capuchin monkeys) in a fragment of Atlantic Rainforest in Northeastern Brazil. We observed 22 natural vocal encounters between the study species, but no evident visual or physical contact over the study period. These two species seem to use the same area throughout the day, but at different times. We broadcasted alarm and long distance calls to and from both species as well as two control stimuli (i.e., forest background noise and a loud call from an Amazonian primate) in our playback experiments. Common marmosets showed anti-predator behavior (i.e., vigilance and flight) when exposed to blonde capuchin calls both naturally and experimentally. However, blonde capuchin monkeys showed no anti-predator behavior in response to common marmoset calls. Blonde capuchins uttered long distance calls and looked in the direction of the speaker following exposure to their own long distance call, whereas they fled when exposed to their own alarm calls. Both blonde capuchin monkeys and common marmosets showed fear behaviors in response to the loud call from a primate species unknown to them, and showed no apparent response to the forest background noise. Common marmoset responses to blonde capuchin calls suggests that the latter is a potential predator. Furthermore, common marmosets appear to be eavesdropping on calls from blonde capuchin monkeys to avoid potentially costly encounters with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Bastos
- Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Karolina Medeiros
- Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gareth Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Bruna Bezerra
- Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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16
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Silva FE, Costa‐Araújo R, Boubli JP, Santana MI, Franco CLB, Bertuol F, Nunes H, Silva‐Júnior J, Farias I, Hrbek T. In search of a meaningful classification for Amazonian marmosets: Should dwarf marmosets be considered
Mico
congenerics? ZOOL SCR 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe E. Silva
- School of Environment and Life Sciences University of Salford Salford UK
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Tefé Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Costa‐Araújo
- Programa de pós‐graduação em Ecologia Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal (LEGAL) Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus Brazil
| | - Jean P. Boubli
- School of Environment and Life Sciences University of Salford Salford UK
| | - Marcelo I. Santana
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Bertuol
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal (LEGAL) Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus Brazil
| | - Hermano Nunes
- Escola Estadual de Ensino Medio Prof. Olivina Olivia Carneiro da Cunha Joao Pessoa Brazil
| | | | - Izeni Farias
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal (LEGAL) Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus Brazil
| | - Tomas Hrbek
- Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal (LEGAL) Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus Brazil
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17
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Porfirio G, Santos FM, Foster V, Nascimento LF, Macedo GC, Barreto WTG, Fonseca C, Herrera HM. Terrestriality of Wild Sapajus cay (Illiger, 1815) as Revealed by Camera Traps. Folia Primatol (Basel) 2017; 88:1-8. [PMID: 28365688 DOI: 10.1159/000464148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although primarily arboreal, the capuchin monkey (Sapajus cay) descends to the ground for several reasons. We used terrestrial records obtained by camera-trapping surveys to investigate seasonality in the terrestriality of capuchin monkeys, reasons to descend to the ground, and periods of the day when terrestriality was more pronounced. We carried out the study in the Urucum Massif, Brazilian Pantanal. We obtained data from 2 camera-trapping surveys carried out in the dry and rainy seasons. Terrestrial behaviours were categorized, and terrestrial activity patterns were described using a kernel density approach. We observed a seasonal effect on the frequency of terrestrial behaviours of capuchin monkeys, who used the ground more during the dry season. We identified 6 different types of terrestrial behaviour, but travelling (33.3%), foraging (23.3%), and drinking water (23.3%) were the most frequently observed. All records occurred during the day, with 2 peaks in terrestrial activity. Seasonal terrestriality was mainly linked to ecological needs during periods of scarce food and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grasiela Porfirio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
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Zak AA, Riley EP. Comparing the Use of Camera Traps and Farmer Reports to Study Crop Feeding Behavior of Moor Macaques (Macaca maura). INT J PRIMATOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-016-9945-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Smith RL. Preliminary observations of complex object manipulation in a wild population of Sapajus cay Illiger 1815 (primates: Cebidae) in a fragment of upper Paraná Atlantic Forest, Rancho Laguna Blanca, eastern Paraguay. Acta Ethol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10211-016-0244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Chen Y, Xiang Z, Wang X, Xiao W, Xiao Z, Ren B, He C, Sang C, Li H, Li M. Preliminary Study of the Newly Discovered Primate Species Rhinopithecus strykeri at Pianma, Yunnan, China Using Infrared Camera Traps. INT J PRIMATOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-015-9848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Bastos M, Souto A, Jones G, Eason P, Bione C, Schiel N, Bezerra B. Vocal repertoire of wild blonde capuchins (Sapajus flavius) and contextual use of calls. Am J Primatol 2015; 77:605-17. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Bastos
- Department of Zoology; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Antonio Souto
- Department of Zoology; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Gareth Jones
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Bristol; Bristol United Kingdom
| | - Perri Eason
- Department of Biology; University of Louisville; Louisville Kentucky USA
| | - Camila Bione
- Department of Zoology; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Nicola Schiel
- Department of Biology; Federal Rural University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Bruna Bezerra
- Department of Zoology; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Bristol; Bristol United Kingdom
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22
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Pebsworth PA, LaFleur M. Advancing Primate Research and Conservation Through the Use of Camera Traps: Introduction to the Special Issue. INT J PRIMATOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-014-9802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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