1
|
de Albuquerque Teixeira S, Souza-Alves JP, Bezerra de Melo R, Henriques Tavares MC, Haugaasen T. Diet and seed dispersal of bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) in Brasilia National Park. Am J Primatol 2024; 86:e23665. [PMID: 39010711 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The dietary ecology of a species can provide information on habitat requirements, food resources, and trophic interactions, important to guide conservation efforts of wildlife populations in endangered habitats. In this study, we investigated the dietary ecology of bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) in Brasilia National Park, in the endangered Cerrado biome of central Brazil. To obtain diet composition and evaluate the role of these primates as seed dispersers of local tree species, fecal sample collections and feeding observations were performed for a 7-month period. To determine whether seeds germinated better after passing through a primate gut, we conducted germination trials with (i) pulped seeds from trees, (ii) depulped seeds from trees, (iii) seeds from feces planted with feces, and (iv) seeds from feces planted without feces. During experimental procedures, 7308 seeds from 8 families and 10 species were planted. We found that S. libidinosus spent more time feeding on fruits than on any other food item and the diet consisted of 33 plant species from 21 families. However, 20% of their diet consisted of anthropic food. Most seeds planted with feces germinated faster compared to seeds in other experimental treatments, suggesting that passing through the gut and being deposited with fecal material is advantageous. The bearded capuchins also defecated many medium- (5 species) and large-sized (2 species) seeds that may be inaccessible to smaller arboreal frugivores. The results obtained emphasize the important role of bearded capuchins as seed dispersers for the maintenance and conservation of the endangered Cerrado biome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samara de Albuquerque Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, CFS, Bloco G, 1° andar, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Souza-Alves
- Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Ecologia, Comportamento e Conservação, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Risolândia Bezerra de Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, CFS, Bloco G, 1° andar, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Maria Clotilde Henriques Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, CFS, Bloco G, 1° andar, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Torbjørn Haugaasen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Greco I, Paddock CL, McCabe GM, Barelli C, Shinyambala S, Mtui AS, Rovero F. Calibrating occupancy to density estimations to assess abundance and vulnerability of a threatened primate in Tanzania. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
|
3
|
Estrada-Villegas S, Stevenson PR, López O, DeWalt SJ, Comita LS, Dent DH. Animal seed dispersal recovery during passive restoration in a forested landscape. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210076. [PMID: 36373921 PMCID: PMC9661942 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed dispersal by animals is key for restoration of tropical forests because it maintains plant diversity and accelerates community turnover. Therefore, changes in seed dispersal during forest restoration can indicate the recovery of species interactions, and yet these changes are rarely considered in forest restoration planning. In this study, we examined shifts in the importance of different seed dispersal modes during passive restoration in a tropical chronosequence spanning more than 100 years, by modelling the proportion of trees dispersed by bats, small birds, large birds, flightless mammals and abiotic means as a function of forest age. Contrary to expectations, tree species dispersed by flightless mammals dominated after 20 years of regeneration, and tree richness and abundance dispersed by each mode mostly recovered to old growth levels between 40 and 70 years post-abandonment. Seed dispersal by small birds declined over time during regeneration, while bat dispersal played a minor role throughout all stages of succession. Results suggest that proximity to old growth forests, coupled with low hunting, explained the prevalence of seed dispersal by animals, especially by flightless mammals at this site. We suggest that aspects of seed dispersal should be monitored when restoring forest ecosystems to evaluate the reestablishment of species interactions. This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Estrada-Villegas
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panamá
| | - Pablo R. Stevenson
- CIEM, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia 111711
| | - Omar López
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panamá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Panamá, Panamá
| | - Saara J. DeWalt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Liza S. Comita
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panamá
| | - Daisy H. Dent
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panamá
- Max Planck Institute for Animal Behaviour, Konstanz 78315, Germany
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich 8902, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cudney‐Valenzuela SJ, Arroyo‐Rodríguez V, Morante‐Filho JC, Toledo‐Aceves T, Andresen E. Tropical forest loss impoverishes arboreal mammal assemblages by increasing tree canopy openness. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2744. [PMID: 36106555 PMCID: PMC10078566 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Landscape-scale deforestation poses a major threat to global biodiversity, not only because it limits habitat availability, but also because it can drive the degradation of the remaining habitat. However, the multiple pathways by which deforestation directly and indirectly affects wildlife remain poorly understood, especially for elusive forest-dependent species such as arboreal mammals. Using structural equation models, we assessed the direct and indirect effects of landscape forest loss on arboreal mammal assemblages in the Lacandona rainforest, Mexico. We placed camera traps in 100 canopy trees, and assessed the direct effect of forest cover and their indirect effects via changes in tree basal area and canopy openness on the abundance and diversity (i.e., species richness and exponential of Shannon entropy) of arboreal mammals. We found that forest loss had negative indirect effects on mammal richness through the increase of tree canopy openness. This could be related to the fact that canopy openness is usually inversely related to resource availability and canopy connectivity for arboreal mammals. Furthermore, independently of forest loss, the abundance and richness of arboreal mammals was positively related to tree basal area, which is typically higher in old-growth forests. Thus, our findings suggest that arboreal mammals generally prefer old-growth vegetation with relatively low canopy openness and high tree basal area. However, unexpectedly, forest loss was directly and positively related to the abundance and richness of mammals, probably due to a crowding effect, a reasonable possibility given the relatively short history (~40 years) of deforestation in the study region. Conversely, the Shannon diversity was not affected by the predictors we evaluated, suggesting that rare mammals (not the common species) are the ones most affected by these changes. All in all, our findings emphasize that conservation measures ought to focus on increasing forest cover in the landscape, and preventing the loss of large trees in the remaining forest patches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine J. Cudney‐Valenzuela
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMexico
| | - Víctor Arroyo‐Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMexico
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMéridaMexico
| | | | | | - Ellen Andresen
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Effects of seed size and toucan regurgitation on the germination of the tropical tree Eugenia uniflora. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1017/s026646742200044x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Understanding the quality of seed dispersal effectiveness of frugivorous species can elucidate how endozoochory structures tropical forests. Large seeds, containing more resources for growth, and gut passage by frugivores, which remove seed pulp, both typically enhance the speed and probability of germination of tropical seeds. However, the interaction of seed size and gut passage has not been well studied. We assessed the role of two species of toucans (Ramphastos spp.) in seed germination of the tropical tree Eugenia uniflora, which produces seeds that vary considerably in size (3.7–14.3 mm), using 151 control and 137 regurgitated seeds in germination trials. We found that toucan regurgitation did not increase germination success, although 93.4% germinated compared to 76.8% of control seeds; however, larger seeds germinated more often at faster rates. Although only marginally significant, germination rates were 3.6× faster when seeds were both large and regurgitated by toucans, demonstrating that toucan regurgitation can disproportionally benefit larger E. uniflora seeds. As tropical forests are increasingly disturbed and fragmented by human activities, the ability of toucans to continue providing seed dispersal services to degraded habitats may be vital to the persistence of many tropical plants that contain larger seeds and depend on larger dispersers.
Collapse
|
6
|
Steffens KJE, Sanamo J, Razafitsalama J, Ganzhorn JU. Ground‐based vegetation descriptions and remote sensing as complementary methods describing habitat requirements of a frugivorous primate in northern Madagascar: implications for forest restoration. Anim Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. J. E. Steffens
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology Universität Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | - J. Sanamo
- Département Sciences de la Nature et de l'Environnement, Facultés des Sciences Université d'Antsiranana Antsiranana Madagascar
| | | | - J. U. Ganzhorn
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology Universität Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Enari H, Seino H, Uno T, Morimitsu Y, Takiguchi M, Suzuki K, Tsuji Y, Yamabata N, Kiyono M, Akaza H, Izumiyama S, Oi T, Ebihara H, Miki K, Kuramoto M, Enari HS. Optimizing habitat connectivity among macaque populations in modern Japan. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hironori Seino
- Kansai Branch Wildlife Management Office Kobe Hyogo Japan
| | - Takeharu Uno
- Tohoku Monkey and Mammal Management Center Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Yoshiki Morimitsu
- Institute of Natural and Environmental Sciences University of Hyogo Tanba Hyogo Japan
| | | | - Katsuya Suzuki
- Non‐Profit Organization Research Institute for SATOMON TambaSasayama Hyogo Japan
| | - Yamato Tsuji
- Ishinomaki Senshu University Ishinomaki Miyagi Japan
| | | | | | - Hisaaki Akaza
- Toyama Outdoor Museum NEI NO SATO Toyama Toyama Japan
| | | | - Toru Oi
- Ishikawa Prefectural University Nonoichi Ishikawa Japan
| | | | - Kiyomasa Miki
- Kansai Branch Wildlife Management Office Kobe Hyogo Japan
| | - Musashi Kuramoto
- Hiroshima Branch Wildlife Management Office Onomichi Hiroshima Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Qian H, Li W, Li J. The Influence of Seed Characteristics on Seed Dispersal Early Stages by Tibetan Macaques. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12111416. [PMID: 35681880 PMCID: PMC9179551 DOI: 10.3390/ani12111416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There are numerous ecological and evolutionary implications for the ability of frugivores to predate on fruits and consume or disperse their seeds. Tibetan macaques, which are considered important seed predators, typically feed on fruits or seeds. However, systematic research into whether they have a seed dispersal function is still lacking. Endozoochory allows seeds to disperse over greater distances by allowing them to remain in the animal’s digestive tract. Consumption of fruit may not imply effective seed dispersal, and the physical characteristics of seeds (e.g., size, weight, specific gravity, etc.) may influence the dispersal phase’s outcome. We conducted feeding experiments with three captive Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) and nine plant seeds to determine the influence of seed characteristics on Tibetan macaques’ early stages of seed dispersal. The results revealed that the percentage of seed destruction (PSD) after ingestion was 81.45% (range: 15.67−100%), with the PSD varying between plant species. Among the three passage time parameters, the transit time (TT) (mean: 18.8 h and range: 4−24 h) and the time of seed last appearance (TLA) (mean: 100.4 h and range: 48−168 h) differed significantly between seed species, whereas the mean retention time (MRT) (mean: 47.0 h and range: 32−70.3 h) did not. In terms of model selection, PSD was influenced by seed size, weight, volume, and specific gravity; TT was influenced by seed-to-shell investment rate, weight, volume, and specific gravity; and TLA was influenced only by seed size. These findings imply that seeds with a smaller size, specific gravity, volume, and greater weight pass more easily through the monkeys’ digestive tracts. Particularly, seeds with a mean cubic diameter (MCD) of <3 mm had a higher rate of expulsion, larger volume, and weight seeds pass faster, while smaller remained longer. Tibetan macaques, as potential seed dispersers, require specific passage time and passage rates of small or medium-sized seeds. Larger and heavier seeds may be more reliant on endozoochory. Tibetan macaques have the ability to disperse seeds over long distances, allowing for gene flow within the plant community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanrui Qian
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (H.Q.); (W.L.)
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; (H.Q.); (W.L.)
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pugh BE, Field R. Biodiversity: The role of interaction diversity. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R423-R426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
10
|
Rasoamazava L, Rakotomalala VF, Sefczek TM, Frasier CL, Dinsmore MP, Rasoloharijaona S, Louis EE. Feeding ecology of Lepilemur septentrionalis in the dry forest of Montagne des Français, northern Madagascar. Folia Primatol (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/14219980-20210702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The role of folivorous primates in ecosystem restoration has been largely overlooked. This may primarily be due to the lack of basic ecological information on many of these species. The northern sportive lemur (Lepilemur septentrionalis), for example, is one of the most endangered primates in the world, yet we lack baseline ecological knowledge of this lemur. This dearth only serves to exacerbate their situation as conservation initiatives do not have the fundamental information needed to properly manage conservation efforts for this species. To obtain an ecological baseline for L. septentrionalis, we used instantaneous focal animal sampling to collect behavioral data, including strata use, to investigate feeding ecology for five individuals over a 12-month period (December 2018-November 2019) in Montagne des Français. We conducted a total of 755.1 hours of observation. Our results showed that L. septentrionalis’ diet consisted of mature and young leaves, ripe and unripe fruits, flowers, and buds. Mature leaves of Tamarindus indica were the most frequently consumed resource, yet L. septentrionalis consumed 61 different species of plants from 23 families. Though mature leaves were the most frequently consumed resource overall, we only observed L. septentrionalis eating them during the cold/dry season. The most frequently used stratum during feeding was the canopy, which correlated strongly with the consumption of mature and young leaves. Though many aspects of this species’ diet are similar to other Lepilemur, there are specific ecological conditions, notably seasonal frugivory, which should be considered when developing restoration ecology programs in Montagne des Français.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Rasoamazava
- Faculté des Sciences, de Technologie et de l’Environnement, Université de Mahajanga, 5 rue Georges V, Mahajanga, B.P. 652, Madagascar
| | - Valérie F. Rakotomalala
- Faculté des Sciences, de Technologie et de l’Environnement, Université de Mahajanga, 5 rue Georges V, Mahajanga, B.P. 652, Madagascar
| | - Timothy M. Sefczek
- Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium, Center for Conservation and Research, Omaha, NE 68107, USA
| | - Cynthia L. Frasier
- Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium, Center for Conservation and Research, Omaha, NE 68107, USA
| | - Mary P. Dinsmore
- School of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Solofonirina Rasoloharijaona
- Faculté des Sciences, de Technologie et de l’Environnement, Université de Mahajanga, 5 rue Georges V, Mahajanga, B.P. 652, Madagascar
- École Doctorale Ecosystèmes Naturels, Université de Mahajanga, Mahajanga, Madagascar
| | - Edward E. Louis
- Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium, Center for Conservation and Research, Omaha, NE 68107, USA
- Madagascar Biodiversity Partnership, NGO, VO12 Bis A, Manakambahiny, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Priority areas for conservation of primates in a threatened Amazonian savanna. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2021.126109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Galea B, Humle T. Identifying and mitigating the impacts on primates of transportation and service corridors. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13836. [PMID: 34490657 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most primate populations are declining; 60% of species face extinction. The expansion of transportation and service corridors (T&S) (i.e., roads and railways and utility and service lines) poses a significant yet underappreciated threat. With the development of T&S corridors predicted to increase across primates' ranges, it is necessary to understand the current extent of its impacts on primates, the available options to mitigate these effectively, and recognize research and knowledge gaps. By employing a systematic search approach to identify literature that described the relationship between primates and T&S corridors, we extracted information from 327 studies published between 1980 and 2020. Our results revealed that 218 species and subspecies across 62 genera are affected, significantly more than the 92 listed by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The majority of studies took place in Asia (45%), followed by mainland Africa (31%), the Neotropics (22%), and Madagascar (2%). Brazil, Indonesia, Equatorial Guinea, Vietnam, and Madagascar contained the greatest number of affected primate species. Asia featured the highest number of species affected by roads, electrical transmission lines, and pipelines and the only studies addressing the impact of rail and aerial tramways on primates. The impact of seismic lines only emerged in the literature from Africa and the Neotropics. Impacts are diverse and multifaceted, for example, animal-vehicle collisions, electrocutions, habitat loss and fragmentation, impeded movement and genetic exchange, behavioral changes, exposure to pollution, and mortality associated with hunting. Although several mitigation measures were recommended, only 41% of studies focused on their implementation, whereas only 29% evaluated their effectiveness. Finally, there was a clear bias in the species and regions benefiting from research on this topic. We recommend that government and conservation bodies recognize T&S corridors as a serious and mounting threat to primates and that further research in this area is encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Galea
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Tatyana Humle
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Franquesa-Soler M, Aristizabal JF, Andresen E, Vélez del Burgo I, Shedden-González A, Rodríguez-Luna E. Long-term assessment of the translocation of an endangered primate into a forest fragment managed for ornamental palm production. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2022. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
14
|
Cazetta E, Fahrig L. The effects of human‐altered habitat spatial pattern on frugivory and seed dispersal: a global meta‐analysis. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Cazetta
- Applied Ecology and Conservation Lab, Univ. Estadual de Santa Cruz Ilhéus Bahia Brazil
| | - Lenore Fahrig
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Laboratory, Dept of Biology, Carleton Univ. Ottawa ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Venkataraman VV, Miller C, Foxfoot I, Lin B, Petrie ZL, Simberloff RA, Bernardo O, Redon N, Hohn TI, Kerby JT, Nguyen N, Fashing PJ. Epizoochorous seed dispersal by an Afroalpine savanna primate. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek V. Venkataraman
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
- Guassa Gelada Research Project Mehal Meda Ethiopia
| | - Carrie Miller
- Guassa Gelada Research Project Mehal Meda Ethiopia
- Department of Anthropology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Iris Foxfoot
- Guassa Gelada Research Project Mehal Meda Ethiopia
| | - Bing Lin
- Guassa Gelada Research Project Mehal Meda Ethiopia
- Princeton School of Public and International Affairs Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USA
| | | | | | | | - Nathan Redon
- Guassa Gelada Research Project Mehal Meda Ethiopia
| | - Triana I. Hohn
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
| | - Jeffrey T. Kerby
- Guassa Gelada Research Project Mehal Meda Ethiopia
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Nga Nguyen
- Guassa Gelada Research Project Mehal Meda Ethiopia
- Department of Anthropology & Environmental Studies Program California State University Fullerton California USA
| | - Peter J. Fashing
- Guassa Gelada Research Project Mehal Meda Ethiopia
- Department of Anthropology & Environmental Studies Program California State University Fullerton California USA
- Department of Biosciences Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES) University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fernández D, Kerhoas D, Dempsey A, Billany J, McCabe G, Argirova E. The Current Status of the World's Primates: Mapping Threats to Understand Priorities for Primate Conservation. INT J PRIMATOL 2021; 43:15-39. [PMID: 34744218 PMCID: PMC8557711 DOI: 10.1007/s10764-021-00242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, primate populations have been declining. Four years ago, >60% of species were listed as threatened. As the rate of loss accelerates and new IUCN assessments are being published, we used IUCN Red List assessments and peer-reviewed literature published within the last 5 yr to evaluate the status of primates globally, by region and by taxonomic group. We also examined the main factors affecting a species’ conservation status to determine if we could predict the status of understudied species. We found that 65% of species are in the top three IUCN Red List categories (Vulnerable, Endangered, Critically Endangered). Globally, the main threats to primates are Biological Resource Use, including Hunting & Logging, and Agriculture. The impact of these threats varied by region and taxon. Our model showed that Malagasy and Asian primates, and those affected by Agriculture, Human Disturbance, and Climate Change were more likely to be considered at risk of extinction. The model’s predictive probability, however, was low. Our literature analysis showed that some threats, especially climate change and disease, affected more species than indicated by the IUCN Red List. As we move into the next decade, we must continue tackling hunting and agricultural expansion but also be vigilant about emerging threats. We must also aim to regularly test the effectiveness of mitigation strategies, evaluating their long-term adoption and their impact on primates; as well as to increase communication between researchers and applied conservationists to ensure IUCN assessments include current and emerging threats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Fernández
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, England
| | - Daphne Kerhoas
- Institute of Conservation Science and Learning, Bristol Zoological Society, Bristol, England
| | | | - Josephine Billany
- Institute of Conservation Science and Learning, Bristol Zoological Society, Bristol, England
| | - Gráinne McCabe
- Institute of Conservation Science and Learning, Bristol Zoological Society, Bristol, England
| | - Elitsa Argirova
- Institute of Conservation Science and Learning, Bristol Zoological Society, Bristol, England
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Enari H, Enari HS. Ecological consequences of herbivory by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) on succession patterns of tree assemblages: A case of snowy regions in Japan. Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23317. [PMID: 34358368 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Apart from frugivory, we have limited knowledge of the ecological consequences of primate herbivory. We aimed to ascertain the effects of spring folivory and winter bark/bud herbivory by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) on tree species and succession patterns of cool-temperate forests with heavy snow. To evaluate the impact of herbivory on individual trees, we assessed the growth and mortality of trees consumed by simulating herbivory on nine tree species over 4 years. Additionally, we assessed the cumulative impacts of bark/bud herbivory observed at the tree community level by monitoring the patterns of natural herbivory for almost a decade and evaluating the structure of tree assemblages in places with different cumulative impacts of herbivory. The results of simulated herbivory showed that the mortality caused by both spring and winter herbivory was limited (<20%) for almost all tree species monitored; however, the simulated folivory led to delayed tree growth and/or weakening of tree architecture. In contrast, the simulated bark/bud herbivory sometimes resulted in overcompensation of the tree consumed. The multiyear monitoring of natural herbivory demonstrated that, while bark/bud herbivory did not reduced the diversity and biomass of tree assemblages, the cumulative impacts of natural herbivory could have affected the tree succession pattern, resulting in increasing the availability of bark/buds preferably fed by macaques. The key cause for this feedback effect of herbivory on available foods of macaques might be heavy snow conditions, which could physically and physiologically restrain the excessive bark/buds herbivory by macaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Enari
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Haruka S Enari
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pebsworth PA, Radhakrishna S. The costs and benefits of coexistence: What determines people's willingness to live near nonhuman primates? Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23310. [PMID: 34329501 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Living near primate species has positive and negative outcomes for human communities. While most studies focus on understanding people's perceptions regarding the adverse consequences of interacting with primates, less is known about people's willingness to coexist with primates or reasons that may promote human-primate coexistence. We surveyed 794 people co-living with four different primate species-rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta, bonnet macaque Macaca radiata, lion-tailed macaque Macaca silenus, and Hanuman langur Semnopithecus dussumieri-in southern and western India to understand how people perceived the costs and benefits of coexistence. The results of our semi-structured interview study revealed that although tangible costs (i.e., financial losses from primate depredation) primarily drive people's stated tolerance for primate presence, intangible benefits from primates (i.e., their ecological, existence, sentience, and religious values) also critically affect attitudes towards coexistence. Amongst the four species, people associated rhesus macaques with the greatest costs and fewest benefits, lion-tailed macaques with the lowest costs, and bonnet macaques with the highest benefits. People preferred lion-tailed macaques and Hanuman langurs more than bonnet and rhesus macaques, and affection for a species shaped how people viewed costs accruing from the species. People's preferences for species were influenced by their existence, ecological, and sentience values more than their religious value. We suggest that intangible benefits influence people's fondness for a primate species and this, in turn, shapes how people perceive costs resulting from the species. Hence strengthening people's perceptions of the intangible benefits they receive from primate species will improve human tolerance for living near primates. We argue that there is a need to understand the context of human-primate conflicts beyond the cost aspects and focus on the benefits to improve human-primate coexistence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Pebsworth
- National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bangalore, India.,Department of Anthropology, The University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Sindhu Radhakrishna
- National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Beyond patch size: The impact of regional context and habitat quality on three endangered primates. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
20
|
Amano N, Wang YV, Boivin N, Roberts P. 'Emptying Forests?' Conservation Implications of Past Human-Primate Interactions. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:345-359. [PMID: 33431163 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-human primates are among the most vulnerable tropical animals to extinction and ~50% of primate species are endangered. Human hunting is considered a major cause of increasingly 'empty forests', yet archaeological data remains under-utilised in testing this assertion over the longer-term. Zooarchaeological datasets allow investigation of human exploitation of primates and the reconstruction of extinction, extirpation, and translocation processes. We evaluate the application and limitations of data from zooarchaeological studies spanning the past 45 000 years in South and Southeast Asia in guiding primate conservation efforts. We highlight that environmental change was the primary threat to many South and Southeast Asian non-human primate populations during much of the Holocene, foreshadowing human-induced land-use and environmental change as major threats of the 21st century.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noel Amano
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
| | - Yiming V Wang
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole Boivin
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The resilient frugivorous fauna of an urban forest fragment and its potential role in vegetation enrichment. Urban Ecosyst 2021; 24:943-958. [PMID: 33432262 PMCID: PMC7787706 DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-01080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Anthropocentric defaunation affects critical ecological processes, such as seed dispersal, putting ecosystems and biomes at risk, and leading to habitat impoverishment. Diverse restoration techniques could reverse the process of habitat impoverishment. However, in most of the restoration efforts, only vegetation cover is targeted. Fauna and flora are treated as isolated components, neglecting a key component of ecosystems’ functioning, the ecological interactions. We tested whether the resilient frugivorous generalist fauna can improve habitat quality by dispersing native plant species through the use of fruit feeders as in a semideciduous seasonal urban forest fragment. A total of 32 sampling points was selected at a heavily degraded 251-ha urban forest fragment, with feeders installed at two heights monitored by camera-traps. Variable quantities of native fruits of 27 zoochorous species were offered alternately in the feeders. Based on more than 36,000 h of video records, Turdus leucomelas (Class Aves), Sapajus nigritus (Class Mammalia), and Salvator merianae (Class Reptilia) were recorded ingesting the highest fruit species richness. Didelphis albiventris (Class Mammalia) was the most frequent visitor but consumed only pulp in most of the visits. The frugivorous birds were recorded at a high visitation rate and consumed a wider variety of fruits. Our study opens a new avenue to combine the traditional approach of ecosystems recovery and ecological interactions restauration in an urban forest fragment.
Collapse
|
22
|
Cudney-Valenzuela SJ, Arroyo-Rodríguez V, Andresen E, Toledo-Aceves T, Mora-Ardila F, Andrade-Ponce G, Mandujano S. Does patch quality drive arboreal mammal assemblages in fragmented rainforests? Perspect Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
23
|
Zanette EM, Fuzessy LF, Hack ROE, Monteiro-Filho ELA. Potential role in seed dispersal revealed by experimental trials with captive southern muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides). Primates 2020; 61:495-505. [PMID: 32026150 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-020-00796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Primates are great fruit consumers and disperse intact seeds from most of the plants they consume, but effective seed dispersal depends, amongst other factors, on handling behavior. Likewise, the treatment in gut and mouth may alter seed fate. Overall, frugivore and folivore-frugivore primates are recognized to provide beneficial gut treatment for Neotropical plant species, but this effect might be overlooked at species-specific levels. In this study, we assessed the role of the southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides), an endangered and endemic primate living in restricted fragments of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, on potential quality of seed dispersal of native plants. Our main goals were to understand the effect of seed ingestion by this large-bodied atelid on germination of defecated seeds and in seed recovery by offering wild fruits of native species to captive individuals. We found that seven out of nine plant species were defecated intact and were able to germinate. Of those seven, one species showed enhanced and another showed decreased germination potential after defecation, while three species germinated faster after being defecated. The remaining species showed no differences from control seeds. The two non-germinating species were heavily predated, and average seed recovery was lower than expected, suggesting high levels of seed predation. The largest species offered (Inga vulpina) showed the highest dispersal potential. Our data support an overall neutral or potentially positive role of southern muriquis in seed dispersal quality for seven out of nine Atlantic Forest plant species, highlighting these primates' potential to produce an effective seed rain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Zanette
- Zoology Department, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - L F Fuzessy
- Zoology Department, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - R O E Hack
- Environment Department, Institute of Technology for Development (LACTEC), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - E L A Monteiro-Filho
- Zoology Department, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Instituto de Pesquisas Cananéia, IPeC, Cananéia, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Blanco G, Tella JL, Díaz-Luque JA, Hiraldo F. Multiple External Seed Dispersers Challenge the Megafaunal Syndrome Anachronism and the Surrogate Ecological Function of Livestock. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
25
|
Galán-Acedo C, Arroyo-Rodríguez V, Andresen E, Arasa-Gisbert R. Ecological traits of the world's primates. Sci Data 2019; 6:55. [PMID: 31086194 PMCID: PMC6513815 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecosystems largely depend, for both their functioning and their ecological integrity, on the ecological traits of the species that inhabit them. Non-human primates have a wide geographic distribution and play vital roles in ecosystem structure, function, and resilience. However, there is no comprehensive and updated compilation of information on ecological traits of all the world's primate species to accurately assess such roles at a global scale. Here we present a database on some important ecological traits of the world's primates (504 species), including home range size, locomotion type, diel activity, trophic guild, body mass, habitat type, current conservation status, population trend, and geographic realm. We compiled this information through a careful review of 1,216 studies published between 1941 and 2018, resulting in a comprehensive, easily accessible and user-friendly database. This database has broad applicability in primatological studies, and can potentially be used to address many research questions at all spatial scales, from local to global.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Galán-Acedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro no. 8701. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, C.P. 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro no. 8701. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, C.P. 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Ellen Andresen
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro no. 8701. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, C.P. 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Ricard Arasa-Gisbert
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro no. 8701. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, C.P. 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Galán‐Acedo C, Arroyo‐Rodríguez V, Cudney‐Valenzuela SJ, Fahrig L. A global assessment of primate responses to landscape structure. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1605-1618. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Galán‐Acedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro no. 8701Ex‐Hacienda de San José de la Huerta 58190 Morelia Mexico
| | - Víctor Arroyo‐Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro no. 8701Ex‐Hacienda de San José de la Huerta 58190 Morelia Mexico
| | - Sabine J. Cudney‐Valenzuela
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro no. 8701Ex‐Hacienda de San José de la Huerta 58190 Morelia Mexico
| | - Lenore Fahrig
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory, Department of BiologyCarleton University Ottawa K1S 5B6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Coughlan NE, Dickey JWE, Cuthbert RN, Kelly TC, Jansen MAK, Dick JTA. Driver's Seat: Understanding Divergent Zoochorous Dispersal of Propagules. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
28
|
Genes L, Fernandez FAS, Vaz-de-Mello FZ, da Rosa P, Fernandez E, Pires AS. Effects of howler monkey reintroduction on ecological interactions and processes. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2019; 33:88-98. [PMID: 29998590 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rewilding has been an increasingly popular tool to restore plant-animal interactions and ecological processes impaired by defaunation. However, the reestablishment of such processes has seldom been assessed. We investigated the restoration of ecological interactions following the reintroduction of the brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba) to a defaunated Atlantic forest site. We expected the reintroduction to restore plant-animal interactions and interactions between howlers and dung beetles, which promote secondary seed dispersal. We estimated the number of interactions expected to be restored by the reintroduction to provide the baseline interaction richness that could be restored. We followed the reintroduced howler monkeys twice a week for 24 months (337 hours total) to assess their diet. We used howler monkey dung in secondary seed dispersal experiments with 2484 seed mimics to estimate the removal rates by dung beetles and collected the beetles to assess community attributes. We compared the potential future contribution of howler monkeys and other frugivores to seed dispersal based on the seed sizes they disperse in other areas where they occur. In 2 years, howler monkeys consumed 60 animal-dispersed plant species out of the 330 estimated. Twenty-one dung beetle species were attracted to experimentally provided dung; most of them were tunnelers, nocturnal, and large-sized (>10 mm). On average 30% (range 0-100%) of the large seed mimics (14 mm) were moved by dung beetles. About 91% of the species consumed by howlers (size range 0.3-34.3 mm) overlapped in seed size with those removed by dung beetles. In our study area, howler monkeys may consume more large-seeded fruit species than most other frugivores, highlighting their potential to affect forest regeneration. Our results show reintroductions may effectively restore ecological links and enhance ecological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Genes
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CP 68020, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando A S Fernandez
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CP 68020, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando Z Vaz-de-Mello
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia da Rosa
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro/CNCFlora, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Fernandez
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro/CNCFlora, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22460-030, Brazil
| | - Alexandra S Pires
- Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Seed fate and seedling recruitment in monkey latrines in rustic cocoa plantations and rain forest in southern Mexico. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/s026646741800041x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPrimates are important seed dispersers in natural ecosystems and agro-ecosystems, but the latter scenario remains under-studied. The degree to which primates favour plant regeneration greatly depends on post-dispersal processes. The main objective of this study was to compare patterns of seed/seedling fate and seedling recruitment in two habitats of the black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra Lawrence 1933), rustic cocoa and rain forest, and two types of seed-deposition locations, monkey latrines and control locations. Field experiments were carried out within the non-overlapping home ranges of six monkey groups, three in cocoa and three in forest. Seed and seedling fates were assessed for one focal tree species, Brosimum lactescens. The probabilities of seed survival (0.52), germination (0.72), seedling establishment (0.73) and early seedling survival (0.38) were not affected by habitat or seed-deposition location. Late seedling survival was similar in the two habitats but was higher in control locations (0.22) than in latrines (0.09). In cocoa, 4641 seedlings of 59 species were recorded, in forest 3280 seedlings of 68 species. Seedling recruitment was similar in both habitats, but latrines had higher densities than control locations. The importance of agro-ecosystems with low management intensity for the maintenance of ecological processes in anthropogenic landscapes is discussed.
Collapse
|
30
|
Fuzessy LF, Janson C, Silveira FA. Effects of seed size and frugivory degree on dispersal by Neotropical frugivores. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
31
|
|
32
|
|