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Reetz S, Najeh T, Lundberg J, Groos J. Analysis of Local Track Discontinuities and Defects in Railway Switches Based on Track-Side Accelerations. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:477. [PMID: 38257569 PMCID: PMC10820776 DOI: 10.3390/s24020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Switches are an essential, safety-critical part of the railway infrastructure. Compared to open tracks, their complex geometry leads to increased dynamic loading on the track superstructure from passing trains, resulting in high maintenance costs. To increase efficiency, condition monitoring methods specific to railway switches are required. A common approach to track superstructure monitoring is to measure the acceleration caused by vehicle track interaction. Local interruptions in the wheel-rail contact, caused for example by local defects or track discontinuities, appear in the data as transient impact events. In this paper, such transient events are investigated in an experimental setup of a railway switch with track-side acceleration sensors, using frequency and waveform analysis. The aim is to understand if and how the origins of these impact events can be distinguished in the data of this experiment, and what the implications for condition monitoring of local track discontinuities and defects with wayside acceleration sensors are in practice. For the same experimental configuration, individual impact events are shown to be reproducible in waveform and frequency content. Nevertheless, with this track-side sensor setup, the different types of track discontinuities and defects (squats, joints, crossing) could not be clearly distinguished using characteristic frequencies or waveforms. Other factors, such as the location of impact event origin relative to the sensor, are shown to have a much stronger influence. The experimental data suggest that filtering the data to narrow frequency bands around certain natural track frequencies could be beneficial for impact event detection in practice, but differentiating between individual impact event origins requires broadband signals. A multi-sensor setup with time-synchronized acceleration sensors distributed over the switch is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Reetz
- Institute of Transportation Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 38108 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Taoufik Najeh
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Division of Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Jan Lundberg
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Division of Operation, Maintenance and Acoustics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Jörn Groos
- Institute of Transportation Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 38108 Braunschweig, Germany
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2
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Runa F, Singleton PA. Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pedestrian Push-Button Utilization and Pedestrian Volume Model Accuracy in Utah. Transp Res Rec 2023; 2677:494-502. [PMID: 37153171 PMCID: PMC10149488 DOI: 10.1177/03611981221089935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the impacts of COVID-19 on pedestrian behavior, answering two research questions using pedestrian push-button data from Utah traffic signals: How did push-button utilization change during the early pandemic, owing to concerns over disease spread through high-touch surfaces? How did the accuracy of pedestrian volume estimation models (developed pre-COVID based on push-button traffic signal data) change during the early pandemic? To answer these questions, we first recorded videos, counted pedestrians, and collected push-button data from traffic signal controllers at 11 intersections in Utah in 2019 and 2020. We then compared changes in push-button presses per pedestrian (to measure utilization), as well as model prediction errors (to measure accuracy), between the two years. Our first hypothesis of decreased push-button utilization was partially supported. The changes in utilization at most (seven) signals were not statistically significant; yet, the aggregate results (using 10 of 11 signals) saw a decrease from 2.1 to 1.5 presses per person. Our second hypothesis of no degradation of model accuracy was supported. There was no statistically significant change in accuracy when aggregating across nine signals, and the models were actually more accurate in 2020 for the other two signals. Overall, we concluded that COVID-19 did not significantly deter people from using push-buttons at most signals in Utah, and that the pedestrian volume estimation methods developed in 2019 probably do not need to be recalibrated to work for COVID conditions. This information may be useful for public health actions, signal operations, and pedestrian planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdousy Runa
- Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | - Patrick A. Singleton
- Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT
- Patrick A. Singleton,
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3
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Khaziev D, Gadiev R, Farrakhov A, Kapylova S, Gilmanova G. Productive qualities of geese when crossing breeds and using hepatoprotective complex. J Exp Zool A Ecol Integr Physiol 2023; 339:494-502. [PMID: 36945794 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The study was on a one-way cross between Wanxi male and Lindov female geese, and tested the effects of a hepatoprotective compound on growth and other traits in the parental and one-way cross involving male and female progeny. The hybrids obtained from crossing had high viability and productivity; their level was also positively affected by giving a hepatoprotective complex. Female parents were the Lindov breed's geese, and male parents were 120 geese of the Chinese Wanxi breed. During the growing period, hybrid young birds were receiving a hepatoprotective complex in the amount of 1.0 mL per 1 L of water for 7 days. The research took into account geese' safety indices, live weight, and absolute and average daily gain. The interbreeding results prove that the resulting hybrids' safety index is 2.38%-4.54% higher than the parent forms' safety index. The hybrids' live weight increased by 8.4% due to a higher increase in live weight by 16.5%-22.1% allowing us to conclude the positive effect of crossing and using a hepatoprotective complex when breeding geese. The research made it possible to improve geese' productive qualities through hybridization and the use of a hepatoprotective complex. This information can contribute to the genetic improvement of body size in current breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danis Khaziev
- Department of Beekeeping, Private Zootechny and Breeding of Animals, Federal State Budgetary Education Institution of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University", Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Rinat Gadiev
- Department of Beekeeping, Private Zootechny and Breeding of Animals, Federal State Budgetary Education Institution of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University", Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Albert Farrakhov
- Department of Beekeeping, Private Zootechny and Breeding of Animals, Federal State Budgetary Education Institution of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University", Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Kapylova
- Department of Beekeeping, Private Zootechny and Breeding of Animals, Federal State Budgetary Education Institution of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University", Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Guzel Gilmanova
- Department of Beekeeping, Private Zootechny and Breeding of Animals, Federal State Budgetary Education Institution of Higher Education "Bashkir State Agrarian University", Ufa, Russian Federation
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Moreno E, Denny P, Ward E, Horgan J, Eising C, Jones E, Glavin M, Parsi A, Mullins D, Deegan B. Pedestrian Crossing Intention Forecasting at Unsignalized Intersections Using Naturalistic Trajectories. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:2773. [PMID: 36904976 PMCID: PMC10006956 DOI: 10.3390/s23052773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Interacting with other roads users is a challenge for an autonomous vehicle, particularly in urban areas. Existing vehicle systems behave in a reactive manner, warning the driver or applying the brakes when the pedestrian is already in front of the vehicle. The ability to anticipate a pedestrian's crossing intention ahead of time will result in safer roads and smoother vehicle maneuvers. The problem of crossing intent forecasting at intersections is formulated in this paper as a classification task. A model that predicts pedestrian crossing behaviour at different locations around an urban intersection is proposed. The model not only provides a classification label (e.g., crossing, not-crossing), but a quantitative confidence level (i.e., probability). The training and evaluation are carried out using naturalistic trajectories provided by a publicly available dataset recorded from a drone. Results show that the model is able to predict crossing intention within a 3-s time window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Moreno
- Connaught Automotive Research Group (CAR), University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Patrick Denny
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | | | | | - Ciaran Eising
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Edward Jones
- Connaught Automotive Research Group (CAR), University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Martin Glavin
- Connaught Automotive Research Group (CAR), University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Ashkan Parsi
- Connaught Automotive Research Group (CAR), University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Darragh Mullins
- Connaught Automotive Research Group (CAR), University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian Deegan
- Connaught Automotive Research Group (CAR), University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
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5
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Zhanguzhinova S, Makó E, Borsos A, Sándor ÁP, Koren C. Communication between Autonomous Vehicles and Pedestrians: An Experimental Study Using Virtual Reality. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:1049. [PMID: 36772089 PMCID: PMC9919327 DOI: 10.3390/s23031049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges of autonomous vehicles (AV) is their interaction with pedestrians. Unofficial interactions such as gestures, eye contact, waving, and flashing lights are very common behavioral patterns for drivers to express their intent to give priority. In our research we composed a virtual reality experiment for a pedestrian crossing in an urban environment in order to test pedestrians' reactions on an LED light display mounted on a virtual AV. Our main research interest was to investigate whether communication patterns influence the decision making of pedestrians when crossing the road. In a VR environment, four scenarios were created with a vehicle approaching a pedestrian crossing with different speeds and displaying a special red/green sign to pedestrians. Here, 51 persons participating in the experiment had to decide when crossing is safe. Results show that the majority of people indicated they would cross in the time windows when it was actually safe to cross. Male subjects made their decision to cross slightly faster but no significant differences were found in the decision making by gender. It was found that age is not an influencing factor, either. Overall, a quick learning process was experienced proving that explicit communication patterns are self-explaining.
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case control. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to compare clinical outcomes and rates of symptomatic caudal adjacent segment pathology (ASP) in posterior cervical fusions (PCF) constructs with end-instrumented vertebrae in the cervical spine (EIV-C) to PCF constructs that end in the proximal thoracic spine (EIV-T). METHODS Retrospective review of 1714 consecutive cervical spinal fusion cases was done. Two groups were identified: 36 cervical end-instrumented vertebra patients (age56 ± 10 yrs) and 53 thoracic EIV patients (age 57 ± 9 yrs). Symptomatic ASP was defined as revision surgery or nerve root injection (or recommended surgery or injection) at the adjacent levels. RESULTS EIV-C patients had a significantly higher rate of caudal-level symptomatic ASP requiring intervention compared with EIV-T patients (39% vs 15%, p = 0.01). The development of caudal-level ASP was highest at C7 (41%), followed by C6 (40%). The overall complication rate and surgical revision rates, however, were similar between the groups. Neck Disability Index outcomes at 2 years postop were significantly better in the EIV-T group (24.5 vs. 34.0, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Long PCF that cross the C-T junction have superior clinical outcomes and reduced rates of caudal breakdown, at the expense of longer fusions and higher EBL, with no increase in the rate of complications. Crossing the C-T junction affords protection of the caudal adjacent levels without adding significant operative time or morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Cho
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine,
Bronx, NY, USA,Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY,
USA,Woojin Cho, 3400 Bainbridge Ave, 6th Fl.,
Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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7
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Takeuchi A, Akatsu Y, Asahi T, Okubo Y, Ohnuma M, Teramura H, Tamura K, Shimada H. Procedure for the efficient acquisition of progeny seeds from crossed potato plants grafted onto tomato. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2022; 39:195-197. [PMID: 35937528 PMCID: PMC9300436 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.21.1119a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Potato, Solanum tuberosum L. is an important crop. However, it is difficult to breed potato cultivars by applying conventional crossing methods because potato has a tetraploid genome and is vegetatively propagated. Flower formation and tuber development occur simultaneously. Many potato cultivars hardly produce any fruits after crossing and fail to produce seeds. We report an improved procedure for obtaining progeny seeds by grafting potatoes onto tomatoes. The rate of fruit formation was more than 19% when the grafted potatoes were used for the crossing experiments, whereas crossing using the ungrafted plants showed a rate of 1.1%. This result suggests that our procedure results in the easy acquisition of null-segregant progenies by crossing mutant lines. It is also expected to improve conventional potato breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Takeuchi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Yuna Akatsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Asahi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Yukino Okubo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Mariko Ohnuma
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Teramura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Koji Tamura
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimada
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
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8
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Galea B, Humle T. Identifying and mitigating the impacts on primates of transportation and service corridors. Conserv Biol 2022; 36:e13836. [PMID: 34490657 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most primate populations are declining; 60% of species face extinction. The expansion of transportation and service corridors (T&S) (i.e., roads and railways and utility and service lines) poses a significant yet underappreciated threat. With the development of T&S corridors predicted to increase across primates' ranges, it is necessary to understand the current extent of its impacts on primates, the available options to mitigate these effectively, and recognize research and knowledge gaps. By employing a systematic search approach to identify literature that described the relationship between primates and T&S corridors, we extracted information from 327 studies published between 1980 and 2020. Our results revealed that 218 species and subspecies across 62 genera are affected, significantly more than the 92 listed by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The majority of studies took place in Asia (45%), followed by mainland Africa (31%), the Neotropics (22%), and Madagascar (2%). Brazil, Indonesia, Equatorial Guinea, Vietnam, and Madagascar contained the greatest number of affected primate species. Asia featured the highest number of species affected by roads, electrical transmission lines, and pipelines and the only studies addressing the impact of rail and aerial tramways on primates. The impact of seismic lines only emerged in the literature from Africa and the Neotropics. Impacts are diverse and multifaceted, for example, animal-vehicle collisions, electrocutions, habitat loss and fragmentation, impeded movement and genetic exchange, behavioral changes, exposure to pollution, and mortality associated with hunting. Although several mitigation measures were recommended, only 41% of studies focused on their implementation, whereas only 29% evaluated their effectiveness. Finally, there was a clear bias in the species and regions benefiting from research on this topic. We recommend that government and conservation bodies recognize T&S corridors as a serious and mounting threat to primates and that further research in this area is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Galea
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Tatyana Humle
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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9
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Bakker O, Bausback Y, Wittig T, Branzan D, Steiner S, Fischer A, Konert M, Düsing S, Banning-Eichenseer U, Scheinert D, Schmidt A. First Experience With The GoBack-Catheter For Successful Crossing of Complex Chronic Total Occlusions in Lower Limb Arteries. J Endovasc Ther 2021; 29:798-807. [PMID: 34964369 DOI: 10.1177/15266028211065962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the use of the GoBack-catheter (Upstream Peripheral Technologies) in complex revascularizations in lower limb arteries. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective single-center study, the results of the first 100 consecutive patients including 101 limb-revascularizations, performed between May 2018 and July 2020 with the study device, were analyzed. In all cases, guidewire-crossing failed, and all lesions were chronic total occlusions (CTO), either de novo, reocclusions, or in-stent reocclusions. Successful crossing was defined as passing the CTO using the study device. Patency at discharge and after 30 days was defined as less than 50% restenosis on duplex sonography, without target lesion revascularization. RESULTS Median lesion length was 24 cm and 38 patients (37.6%) had a calcium grading according to the peripheral arterial calcium scoring system (PACSS) of 4 or 5. In 20.8% of patients, an occluded stent was treated. CTOs involved the femoropopliteal segment in 91.1%, iliac arteries in 5.9%, and tibial arteries in 7.9%. The GoBack-catheter was employed for entering into or crossing through parts or the full length of a CTO or an occluded stent as well as for re-entering into the true lumen after subintimal crossing. The device was used via contralateral and ipsilateral antegrade as well as retrograde access with an overall technical success rate of 92.1%. In 3 patients minor bleeding occurred at the crossing or re-entry site, which were managed conservatively. Thirty-day adverse limb events comprised minor amputations in 4 patients (4.0%), 1 major amputation (1.0%), and reocclusions in 7 limbs (6.9%). CONCLUSION The new GoBack-catheter offers versatile endovascular applicability for complex CTO recanalization in a broad range of peripheral vascular interventions with a high technical success and low complication rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Bakker
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Bausback
- Clinic of Angiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tim Wittig
- Clinic of Angiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniela Branzan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Steiner
- Clinic of Angiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel Fischer
- Clinic of Angiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manuela Konert
- Clinic of Angiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Düsing
- Clinic of Angiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Dierk Scheinert
- Clinic of Angiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andrej Schmidt
- Clinic of Angiology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Bell TJ, Bowles ML, Zettler LW, Pollack CA, Ibberson JE. Environmental and Management Effects on Demographic Processes in the U.S. Threatened Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl. (Orchidaceae). Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10071308. [PMID: 34203209 PMCID: PMC8309198 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Populations of the U.S. threatened orchid, Platanthera leucophaea, are restricted to fragmented grassland and wetland habitats. We address the long-term (1998–2020) interactive effects of habitat (upland prairie vs. wetland), fire management (burned vs. unburned) and climatic variation, as well as pollination crossing effects, on population demography in 42 populations. Our analysis revealed the consistent interactive effects of habitat, dormant season burning, and climatic variation on flowering, reproduction, and survival. Burning increased flowering and population size under normal or greater than normal precipitation but may have a negative effect during drought years apparently if soil moisture stress reduces flowering and increases mortality. Trends in the number of flowering plants in populations also correspond to precipitation cycles. As with flowering and fecundity, survival is significantly affected by the interactive effects of habitat, fire, and climate. This study supports previous studies finding that P. leucophaea relies on a facultative outcrossing breeding system. Demographic modeling indicated that fire, normal precipitation, and outcrossing yielded greater population growth, and that greater fire frequency increased population persistence. It also revealed an ecologically driven demographic switch, with wetlands more dependent upon survivorship than fecundity, and uplands more dependent on fecundity than survivorship. Our results facilitate an understanding of environmental and management effects on the population demography of P. leucophaea in the prairie region of its distribution. Parallel studies are needed in the other habitats such as wetlands, especially in the eastern part of the range of the species, to provide a more complete picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Bell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chicago State University, 9501 S King Dr., Chicago, IL 60628, USA;
| | | | - Lawrence W. Zettler
- Department of Biology, Illinois College, 1101 W College Ave, Jacksonville, IL 62650, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Catherine A. Pollack
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 230 South Dearborn St., Suite 2938, Chicago, IL 60604, USA;
| | - James E. Ibberson
- Department of Biology, Illinois College, 1101 W College Ave, Jacksonville, IL 62650, USA;
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11
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Wong I, Bieliauskas G, Fukutomi M, Søndergaard L, De Backer O. Telescopic Catheter Technique for Difficult Aortic Valve Crossing During TAVR. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2020; 13:e205-6. [PMID: 33129815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2020.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Hubert M, Jeannin P, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Roingeard P, Gessain A, Ceccaldi PE, Vidy A. Evidence That Zika Virus Is Transmitted by Breastfeeding to Newborn A129 ( Ifnar1 Knock-Out) Mice and Is Able to Infect and Cross a Tight Monolayer of Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:524678. [PMID: 33193119 PMCID: PMC7649816 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.524678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the Flavivirus genus in the Flaviviridae family. Mainly transmitted via mosquito bites (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus), ZIKV has been classified in the large category of arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses. However, during the past two outbreaks in French Polynesia (2013–2014) and Latin America (2015–2016), several cases of ZIKV human-to-human transmission were reported, either vertically via transplacental route but also horizontally after sexual intercourse. Interestingly, high viral burdens were detected in the colostrum and breast milk of infected women and mother-to-child transmission of ZIKV during breastfeeding was recently highlighted. In a previous study, we highlighted the implication of the mammary epithelium (blood–milk barrier) in ZIKV infectious particles excretion in breast milk. However, mechanisms of their further transmissibility to the newborn via oral route through contaminated breast milk remain unknown. In this study, we provide the first experimental proof-of-concept of the existence of the breastfeeding as a route for mother-to-child transmission of ZIKV and characterized the neonatal oral transmission in a well-established mouse model of ZIKV infection. From a mechanistical point-of-view, we demonstrated for the first time that ZIKV was able to infect and cross an in vitro model of tight human intestinal epithelium without altering its barrier integrity, permitting us to consider the gut as an entry site for ZIKV after oral exposure. By combining in vitro and in vivo experiments, this study strengthens the plausibility of mother-to-child transmission of ZIKV during breastfeeding and helps to better characterize underlying mechanisms, such as the crossing of the newborn intestinal epithelium by ZIKV. As a consequence, these data could serve as a basis for a reflection about the implementation of measures to prevent ZIKV transmission, while keeping in mind breastfeeding-associated benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Hubert
- Unité Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Unité Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Département Virologie, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Jeannin
- Unité Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Unité Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Département Virologie, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- INSERM U1259, Université de Tours et CHU de Tours, Tours, France.,Plate-forme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours et CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- INSERM U1259, Université de Tours et CHU de Tours, Tours, France.,Plate-forme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours et CHU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Unité Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Unité Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Département Virologie, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Ceccaldi
- Unité Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Unité Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Département Virologie, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Vidy
- Unité Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Unité Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Département Virologie, Institut Pasteur, UMR 3569, Paris, France
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de Clercq K, Dietrich A, Núñez Velasco JP, de Winter J, Happee R. External Human-Machine Interfaces on Automated Vehicles: Effects on Pedestrian Crossing Decisions. Hum Factors 2019; 61:1353-1370. [PMID: 30912985 PMCID: PMC6820125 DOI: 10.1177/0018720819836343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this article, we investigated the effects of external human-machine interfaces (eHMIs) on pedestrians' crossing intentions. BACKGROUND Literature suggests that the safety (i.e., not crossing when unsafe) and efficiency (i.e., crossing when safe) of pedestrians' interactions with automated vehicles could increase if automated vehicles display their intention via an eHMI. METHODS Twenty-eight participants experienced an urban road environment from a pedestrian's perspective using a head-mounted display. The behavior of approaching vehicles (yielding, nonyielding), vehicle size (small, medium, large), eHMI type (1. baseline without eHMI, 2. front brake lights, 3. Knightrider animation, 4. smiley, 5. text [WALK]), and eHMI timing (early, intermediate, late) were varied. For yielding vehicles, the eHMI changed from a nonyielding to a yielding state, and for nonyielding vehicles, the eHMI remained in its nonyielding state. Participants continuously indicated whether they felt safe to cross using a handheld button, and "feel-safe" percentages were calculated. RESULTS For yielding vehicles, the feel-safe percentages were higher for the front brake lights, Knightrider, smiley, and text, as compared with baseline. For nonyielding vehicles, the feel-safe percentages were equivalent regardless of the presence or type of eHMI, but larger vehicles yielded lower feel-safe percentages. The Text eHMI appeared to require no learning, contrary to the three other eHMIs. CONCLUSION An eHMI increases the efficiency of pedestrian-AV interactions, and a textual display is regarded as the least ambiguous. APPLICATION This research supports the development of automated vehicles that communicate with other road users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joost de Winter
- Joost de Winter, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, the Netherlands; e-mail:
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Nagatoshi Y, Fujita Y. Accelerating Soybean Breeding in a CO2-Supplemented Growth Chamber. Plant Cell Physiol 2019; 60:77-84. [PMID: 30219921 PMCID: PMC6343635 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is the most important dicot crop worldwide, and is increasingly used as a model legume due to the wide availability of genomic soybean resources; however, the slow generation times of soybean plants are currently a major hindrance to research. Here, we demonstrate a method for accelerating soybean breeding in compact growth chambers, which greatly shortens the generation time of the plants and accelerates breeding and research projects. Our breeding method utilizes commonly used fluorescent lamps (220 µmol m-2 s-1 at the canopy level), a 14 h light (30°C)/10 h dark (25°C) cycle and carbon dioxide (CO2) supplementation at >400 p.p.m. Using this approach, the generation time of the best-characterized elite Japanese soybean cultivar, Enrei, was shortened from 102-132 d reported in the field to just 70 d, thereby allowing up to 5 generations per year instead of the 1-2 generations currently possible in the field and/or greenhouse. The method also facilitates the highly efficient and controlled crossing of soybean plants. Our method uses CO2 supplementation to promote the growth and yield of plants, appropriate light and temperature conditions to reduce the days to flowering, and the reaping and sowing of immature seeds to shorten the reproductive period greatly. Thus, the appropriate parameters enable acceleration of soybean breeding in the compact growth chambers commonly used for laboratory research. The parameters used in our method could therefore be optimized for other species, cultivars, accessions and experimental designs to facilitate rapid breeding in a wide range of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Nagatoshi
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasunari Fujita
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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15
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Thiollier T, Wu C, Porras G, Bezard E, Li Q, Zhang J, Contamin H. Microdialysis in awake macaque monkeys for central nervous system pharmacokinetics. Animal Model Exp Med 2018; 1:314-321. [PMID: 30891581 PMCID: PMC6388052 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain bioavailability of novel small molecules developed to address central nervous system disease is classically documented through ex vivo or in vivo analyses conducted in rodent models. Data acquired in rodent models are, however, not easily transferrable to human as the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics profiles of the species are quite different. METHODS Using drugs selected for their differential transport across the blood-brain barrier, we here demonstrate the feasibility of brain microdialysis in normal vigil macaque monkey by measuring brain extracellular fluid bioavailability of carbamazepine, digoxin, oxycodone, and quinidine. RESULTS All drugs, but digoxin, were found in dialysate samples. Drugs that are substrate of P-glycoprotein show a difference of bioavailability or brain pharmacokinetic parameters between rodents and primates. CONCLUSION Data suggest that brain microdialysis in vigil macaque monkey, the species of choice for classic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics studies could help predicting human brain bioavailability of a small molecule depending on the protein involved in the efflux transport from the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Thiollier
- CynbioseMarcy l'EtoileFrance
- Université de BordeauxInstitut des Maladies NeurodégénérativesUMR 5293BordeauxFrance
- CNRSInstitut des Maladies NeurodégénérativesUMR 5293BordeauxFrance
| | - Caisheng Wu
- Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | | | - Erwan Bezard
- Université de BordeauxInstitut des Maladies NeurodégénérativesUMR 5293BordeauxFrance
- CNRSInstitut des Maladies NeurodégénérativesUMR 5293BordeauxFrance
- Motac NeuroscienceManchesterUK
- Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChina Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing CityPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- Motac NeuroscienceManchesterUK
- Institute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChina Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing CityPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jinlan Zhang
- Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingPeople's Republic of China
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Aerden D, Debing E, Van den Brande P. Intraluminal crossing of near-impenetrable occlusions by balloon-assisted battering ram technique. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2013; 47:383-6. [PMID: 23640473 DOI: 10.1177/1538574413487264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Subintimal crossing of total occlusions and acquiring reentry into the true lumen may be hazardous in highly calcified lesions, with or without the use of expensive reentry devices. Even when desirable, intraluminal crossing may not be feasible, because the guidewire tends to follow a path of least resistance between the intimal plaque and the adventitia. TECHNIQUE A standard percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon is positioned just above the proximal cap of the occlusion and insufflated to 6 atmosphere. The balloon is used (1) to increase guidewire support close to the lesion and (2) for centralization purposes (limiting lateral movement of the guidewire). The ultra stiff back end of a regular guidewire can then be used to target the center of the cap while repeatedly pounding against it until it breaches. CONCLUSIONS The balloon-assisted battering ram technique may be attempted if intraluminal crossing is warranted before resorting to other complicated, expensive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Aerden
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Belgium.
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Emerson RW, Naghshineh K, Hapeman J, Wiener W. A Pilot Study of Pedestrians with Visual Impairments Detecting Traffic Gaps and Surges Containing Hybrid Vehicles. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav 2011; 14:117-127. [PMID: 21379367 PMCID: PMC3046409 DOI: 10.1016/j.trf.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of hybrid and quiet internal combustion engine vehicles may impact the travel abilities of pedestrians who are blind. Pedestrians who rely on auditory cues for structuring their travel may face challenges in making crossing decisions in the presence of quiet vehicles. This article describes results of initial studies looking at the crossing decisions of pedestrians who are blind at an uncontrolled crossing (no traffic control) and a light controlled intersection. The presence of hybrid vehicles was a factor in each situation. At the uncontrolled crossing, Toyota hybrids were most difficult to detect but crossing decisions were made more often in small gaps ended by a Honda hybrid. These effects were seen only at speed under 20 mph. At the light controlled intersection, parallel surges of traffic were most difficult to detect when made up only of a Ford Escape hybrid. Results suggest that more controlled studies of vehicle characteristics impacting crossing decisions of pedestrians who are blind are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wall Emerson
- Western Michigan University, Department of Blindness and Low Vision Studies, 1903 West Michigan Avenue, mailstop 5218, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA
| | - Koorosh Naghshineh
- Western Michigan University, Department of Blindness and Low Vision Studies, 1903 West Michigan Avenue, mailstop 5218, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA
| | - Julie Hapeman
- Marquette University, Graduate School, Holthusen Hall, 305, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
| | - William Wiener
- Marquette University, Graduate School, Holthusen Hall, 305, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA
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Choi HW, Yu XH, Lemaux PG, Cho MJ. Stability and inheritance of endosperm-specific expression of two transgenes in progeny from crossing independently transformed barley plants. Plant Cell Rep 2009; 28:1265-1272. [PMID: 19529943 PMCID: PMC2717377 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-009-0726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To study stability and inheritance of two different transgenes in barley, we crossed a homozygous T(8) plant, having uidA (or gus) driven by the barley endosperm-specific B(1)-hordein promoter (localized in the near centromeric region of chromosome 7H) with a second homozygous T(4) plant, having sgfp(S65T) driven by the barley endosperm-specific D-hordein promoter (localized on the subtelomeric region of chromosome 2H). Both lines stably expressed the two transgenes in the generations prior to the cross. Three independently crossed F(1) progeny were analyzed by PCR for both uidA and sgfp(S65T) in each plant and functional expression of GUS and GFP in F(2) seeds followed a 3:1 Mendelian segregation ratio and transgenes were localized by FISH to the same location as in the parental plants. FISH was used to screen F(2) plants for homozygosity of both transgenes; four homozygous plants were identified from the two crossed lines tested. FISH results showing presence of transgenes were consistent with segregation ratios of expression of both transgenes, indicating that the two transgenes were expressed without transgene silencing in homozygous progeny advanced to the F(3) and F(4) generations. Thus, even after crossing independently transformed, homozygous parental plants containing a single, stably expressed transgene, progeny were obtained that continued to express multiple transgenes through generation advance. Such stability of transgenes, following outcrossing, is an important attribute for trait modification and for gene flow studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Woon Choi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764 Korea
| | - Xiao-Hong Yu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 50 Bell Avenue, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Peggy G. Lemaux
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Myeong-Je Cho
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- RWC Research Campus, Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., 700A Bay Road, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA
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