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Li N, Wu JJ, Qi M, Wang ZY, Zhang SN, Li XQ, Chen TT, Wang MF, Zhang LL, Wei W, Sun WY. CP-25 exerts a protective effect against ConA-induced hepatitis via regulating inflammation and immune response. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1041671. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1041671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis is a complex multifactorial pathological disorder, which can eventually lead to liver failure and even potentially be life threatening. Paeoniflorin-6′-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25) has proven to have critical anti-inflammatory effects in arthritis. However, the effects of CP-25 in the pathogenesis of hepatitis remains unclear. In this experiment, mice were intragastrically administered with CP-25 (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg), and then ConA (25 mg/kg) was intravenous injected to establish hepatitis model in vivo. CP-25 administration attenuated liver damage and decreased ALT and AST activities in mice with hepatitis. Besides, CP-25 modulated immune responses including down-regulated the proportions of activated CD4+, activated CD8+ T cells, and ratio of Th1/Th2 in ConA-injected mice. Furthermore, ConA-mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), release of inflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ, TNF-α, activation of MAPK pathways and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) were significantly decreased in CP-25 administrated mice. In ConA-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, CP-25 suppressed inflammatory cytokines secretion and reduced ROS level, which were consistent with animal experiments. Otherwise, the data showed that CP-25 restrained phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK pathways influenced by ROS, accompanied with inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation. In conclusion, our findings indicated that CP-25 protected against ConA-induced hepatitis may through modulating immune responses and attenuating ROS-mediated inflammation via the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Wang X, Jiang L, Liu XQ, Huang YB, Wang AL, Zeng HX, Gao L, Zhu QJ, Xia LL, Wu YG. Paeoniflorin binds to VEGFR2 to restore autophagy and inhibit apoptosis for podocyte protection in diabetic kidney disease through PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154400. [PMID: 36049428 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paeoniflorin (PF) was found to exhibit renal protection from diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in previous trials, but its specific mechanism remains to be elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study furtherly explored the specific mechanism of PF in protect podocyte injury in DKD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We observed the effects of PF on renal tissue and podocytes in DKD by constructing the vitro and vivo models after measuring the pharmacokinetic characteristics of PF. Target proteins of PF were found through target prediction, and verified by molecular docking, CESTA, and SPR, and then furtherly explored the downstream regulation mechanism related to podocyte autophagy and apoptosis by network prediction and co-immunoprecipitation. Finally, by using the target protein inhibitor in vivo and knocking down the target protein gene in vitro, it was verified that PF played a role in regulating autophagy and apoptosis through the target protein in diabetic nephropathy. RESULTS This study found that in STZ-induced mice model, PF could improve the renal biochemical and pathological damage and podocyte injure (p < 0.05), upregulate autophagy activity (p < 0.05), but inhibit apoptosis (p < 0.01). Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), predicted as the target of PF, directly bind with PF reflected by molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance detection. Animal studies demonstrated that VEGFR2 inhibitors have a protective effect similar to that of PF on DKD. Network prediction and co-immunoprecipitation further confirmed that VEGFR2 was able to bind PIK3CA to regulate PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Furthermore, PF downregulated the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT (p < 0.05). In vitro, similarly to autophagy inhibitors, PF was also found to improve podocyte markers (p < 0.05) and autophagy activity (p < 0.05), decrease caspase 3 protein (p < 0.05) and further inhibited VEGFR2-PI3K-AKT activity (p < 0.05). Finally, the results of VEGFR2 knockdown were similar to the effect of PF in HG-stimulated podocytes. CONCLUSION In conclusion, PF restores autophagy and inhibits apoptosis by targeting the VEGFR2-mediated PI3K-AKT pathway to improve renal injury in DKD, that provided a theoretical basis for PF treatment in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Xue-Qi Liu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Yue-Bo Huang
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - An-Li Wang
- Department of Infective Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Han-Xu Zeng
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Qi-Jin Zhu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China
| | - Ling-Ling Xia
- Department of Infective Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China..
| | - Yong-Gui Wu
- Department of Nephropathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China; Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, PR China.
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Xiao N, Xiao F, Gao J, Xu Z, Wang Q, Kuai J, Wei W, Wang C. Effects of Paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate on the pharmacokinetics, excretion, and tissue distribution of leflunomide in rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 130:364-374. [PMID: 34792845 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25) is a novel ester derivative of paeoniflorin, which has been shown to have synergistic pharmacodynamic effects with leflunomide (LEF). To determine the effects of CP-25 on the pharmacokinetics of LEF in rats, we developed an UPLC-MS/MS-based method for the determination of levels of teriflunomide (TER, an active metabolite of LEF). This method was used to determine TER concentrations in the plasma, urine, feces, and bile, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, intestinal, brain, and synovial tissues, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of rats in the control [LEF (10 mg/kg)] and combined [CP-25(50 mg/kg×7d) plus LEF (10 mg/kg)] groups. TER AUC, Tmax , MRT, t1/2α , and t1/2β were significantly lower and CL was significantly higher in the combined group than in the control group. Oral CP-25 administration in combination with LEF was found to promote TER excretion in urine, feces, and bile, and to reduce its contents in most tissues and organs, especially in the liver, which may reduce LEF-induced liver injury. CP-25 also increased TER exposure in the synovium and its absorption by PBMCs, and this could explain the synergistic effects of CP-25 and LEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Jinzhang Gao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengkun Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Qianlei Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Jiajie Kuai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Anhui Province, Hefei, China
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Wei X, Wu Y, Tang H, Wang B, Wang Y, Sun W, Asenso J, Xiao F, Wang C. CP-25 ameliorates methotrexate induced nephrotoxicity via improving renal apoptosis and methotrexate excretion. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 146:21-28. [PMID: 33858651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25) is a derivative of Paeoniflorin. We investigate beneficial effect of CP-25 on methotrexate (MTX) induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Plasma blood urea nitrogen (Bun), plasma creatinine (CREA), urine CREA and protein in the rats were quantitatively measured. Renal tissues were pathologically observed, and apoptosis was detected. Apoptosis related proteins and organic anion transporter-3 (OAT3) expression were determined by western blotting analysis. MTX induced nephrotoxicity and hematotoxicity in rats with abnormal levels of serum Bun, serum CERA, 24 h urine protein excretion, white blood cells, platelets, plateletcrit and abnormal renal pathological appearance. Either pre-treatment or treatment of CP-25 restored normal levels of hematological and renal function parameters, and improved histopathology in rats treated with MTX. CP-25 prevented MTX induced apoptosis of renal tubular cells, and the effect was further confirmed by its regulatory effects on abnormal expression of Bax, cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-8, Cyt-c, Bcl-2. The other important finding is co-administration of CP-25 with MTX significantly increased MTX renal excretion in the damaged rats, and the effect is supposed to be linked with its regulation on abnormal renal OAT3 expression. Taken together, CP-25 shows well protective activity against MTX induced nephrotoxicity, and this effect is via its anti-apoptosis and detoxification properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wei
- Blood Purification Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yijin Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - James Asenso
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China.
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CP-25, a compound derived from paeoniflorin: research advance on its pharmacological actions and mechanisms in the treatment of inflammation and immune diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1387-1394. [PMID: 32884075 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Total glycoside of paeony (TGP) has been widely used to treat inflammation and immune diseases in China. Paeoniflorin (Pae) is the major active component of TGP. Although TGP has few adverse drug reactions, the slow onset and low bioavailability of Pae limit its clinical use. Enhanced efficacy without increased toxicity is pursued in developing new agents for inflammation and immune diseases. As a result, paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25) derived from Pae, is developed in our group, and exhibits superior bioavailability and efficacy than Pae. Here we describe the development process and research advance on CP-25. The pharmacokinetic parameters of CP-25 and Pae were compared in vivo and in vitro. CP-25 was also compared with the first-line drugs methotrexate, leflunomide, and hydroxychloroquine in their efficacy and adverse effects in arthritis animal models and experimental Sjögren's syndrome. We summarize the regulatory effects of CP-25 on inflammation and immune-related cells, elucidate the possible mechanisms, and analyze the therapeutic prospects of CP-25 in inflammation and immune diseases, as well as the diseases related to its potential target G-protein-coupled receptor kinases 2 (GRK2). This review suggests that CP-25 is a promising agent in the treatment of inflammation and immune diseases, which requires extensive investigation in the future. Meanwhile, this review provides new ideas about the development of anti-inflammatory immune drugs.
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Zhou YX, Gong XH, Zhang H, Peng C. A review on the pharmacokinetics of paeoniflorin and its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110505. [PMID: 32682112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing pharmacological evidence supports that paeoniflorin, a water-soluble monoterpene glycoside isolated from Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Shaoyao in Chinese), has a wide range of medicinal properties including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antithrombotic, anticonvulsive, analgesic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, antidepressant-like, antitumoral, and immune-regulatory activities; as well as enhancing cognition and attenuating learning impairment. In addition to pharmacodynamic studies, information on pharmacokinetics is also significant for the further development and utilization of paeoniflorin. The present review focuses on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of paeoniflorin, especially main pharmacological activities of paeoniflorin on inflammation and immune function. According to the findings obtained both in vitro and in vivo, a broad application prospect has been opened for paeoniflorin. However, further studies are needed to clarity the direct molecular mechanisms and key targets underlying the beneficial effects of paeoniflorin on inflammation and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Library, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Gregson A, Thompson K, Tsirka SE, Selwood DL. Emerging small-molecule treatments for multiple sclerosis: focus on B cells. F1000Res 2019; 8:F1000 Faculty Rev-245. [PMID: 30863536 PMCID: PMC6402079 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.16495.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a major cause of disability in young adults. Following an unknown trigger (or triggers), the immune system attacks the myelin sheath surrounding axons, leading to progressive nerve cell death. Antibodies and small-molecule drugs directed against B cells have demonstrated good efficacy in slowing progression of the disease. This review focusses on small-molecule drugs that can affect B-cell biology and may have utility in disease management. The risk genes for MS are examined from the drug target perspective. Existing small-molecule therapies for MS with B-cell actions together with new drugs in development are described. The potential for experimental molecules with B-cell effects is also considered. Small molecules can have diverse actions on B cells and be cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral. The current B cell-directed therapies often kill B-cell subsets, which can be effective but lead to side effects and toxicity. A deeper understanding of B-cell biology and the effect on MS disease should lead to new drugs with better selectivity, efficacy, and an improved safety profile. Small-molecule drugs, once the patent term has expired, provide a uniquely sustainable form of healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Gregson
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kaitlyn Thompson
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794, USA
| | - David L Selwood
- The Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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Tu J, Guo Y, Hong W, Fang Y, Han D, Zhang P, Wang X, Körner H, Wei W. The Regulatory Effects of Paeoniflorin and Its Derivative Paeoniflorin-6'-O-Benzene Sulfonate CP-25 on Inflammation and Immune Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:57. [PMID: 30804784 PMCID: PMC6370653 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant extract "total glucosides of peony" (TGP) constitutes a mixture of glycosides that is isolated from the roots of the well-known traditional Chinese herb Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Paeoniflorin (Pae) is the most abundant component and the main biologically active ingredient of TGP. Pharmacologically, Pae exhibits powerful anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects in some animal models of autoimmune diseases including Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Recently, we modified Pae with an addition of benzene sulfonate to achieve better bioavailability and higher anti-inflammatory immune regulatory effects. This review summarizes the pharmacological activities of Pae and the novel anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent Paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzenesulfonate (CP-25) in various chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The regulatory effects of Pae and CP-25 make them promising agents for other related diseases, which require extensive investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Tu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yawei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenming Hong
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yilong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dafei Han
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pengying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Heinrich Körner
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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