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Barreira-Silva P, Lian Y, Kaufmann SHE, Moura-Alves P. The role of the AHR in host-pathogen interactions. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01088-4. [PMID: 39415055 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024]
Abstract
Host-microorganism encounters take place in many different ways and with different types of outcomes. Three major types of microorganisms need to be distinguished: (1) pathogens that cause harm to the host and must be controlled; (2) environmental microorganisms that can be ignored but must be controlled at higher abundance; and (3) symbiotic microbiota that require support by the host. Recent evidence indicates that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) senses and initiates signalling and gene expression in response to a plethora of microorganisms and infectious conditions. It was originally identified as a receptor that binds xenobiotics. However, it was subsequently found to have a critical role in numerous biological processes, including immunity and inflammation and was recently classified as a pattern recognition receptor. Here we review the role of the AHR in host-pathogen interactions, focusing on AHR sensing of different microbial classes, the ligands involved, responses elicited and disease outcomes. Moreover, we explore the therapeutic potential of targeting the AHR in the context of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmira Barreira-Silva
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Yilong Lian
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pedro Moura-Alves
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Zaki K, Ouabane M, Guendouzi A, Sbai A, Sekkate C, Bouachrine M, Lakhlifi T. From farm to pharma: Investigation of the therapeutic potential of the dietary plants Apium graveolens L., Coriandrum sativum, and Mentha longifolia, as AhR modulators for Immunotherapy. Comput Biol Med 2024; 181:109051. [PMID: 39186905 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.109051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases represent a complex array of conditions where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. These disorders, affecting millions worldwide, encompass a broad spectrum of conditions ranging from rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis to lupus and type 1 diabetes. The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) translocator, expressed across immune and other cell types, plays crucial roles in immune disorders and inflammatory diseases. With a realm towards natural remedies in modern medicine for disease prevention, this study investigates the electronic properties and behaviors of bioactive compounds from dietary sources, including Apium graveolens L. (Celery), Coriandrum sativum seeds (Coriander), and Mentha longifolia, as AhR modulators. Through comprehensive analysis (HOMO-LUMO, ESP, LOL, and ELF), electron-rich and -poor regions, electron localization, and delocalization are identified, contrasting these compounds with the toxic AhR ligand, TCDD. Evaluation of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) properties reveals favorable pharmacokinetics without blood-brain barrier penetration, indicating drug-like characteristics. Molecular docking demonstrates stronger interactions of dietary flavonoid ligands with AhR transcription compared to TCDD. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm the stability of complexes and the sustainability of interactions formed. This research underscores the potential of natural compounds as effective AhR modulators for therapeutic interventions in immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Zaki
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Science, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ouabane
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Science, Meknes, Morocco; Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment URL CNRT 13, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, My Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Abdelkrim Guendouzi
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Synthesis, Properties and Applications, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Saida, Algeria
| | - Abdelouahid Sbai
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Science, Meknes, Morocco.
| | - Chakib Sekkate
- Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment URL CNRT 13, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, My Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bouachrine
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Science, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Tahar Lakhlifi
- Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Science, Meknes, Morocco
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Mosa FES, Alqahtani MA, El-Ghiaty MA, Barakat K, El-Kadi AOS. Identifying novel aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) modulators from clinically approved drugs: In silico screening and In vitro validation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 754:109958. [PMID: 38499054 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) functions as a vital ligand-activated transcription factor, governing both physiological and pathophysiological processes. Notably, it responds to xenobiotics, leading to a diverse array of outcomes. In the context of drug repurposing, we present here a combined approach of utilizing structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations. This approach aims to identify potential AhR modulators from Drugbank repository of clinically approved drugs. By focusing on the AhR PAS-B binding pocket, our screening protocol included binding affinities calculations, complex stability, and interactions within the binding site as a filtering method. Comprehensive evaluations of all DrugBank small molecule database revealed ten promising hits. This included flibanserin, butoconazole, luliconazole, naftifine, triclabendazole, rosiglitazone, empagliflozin, benperidol, nebivolol, and zucapsaicin. Each exhibiting diverse binding behaviors and remarkably very low binding free energy. Experimental studies further illuminated their modulation of AhR signaling, and showing that they are consistently reducing AhR activity, except for luliconazole, which intriguingly enhances the AhR activity. This work demonstrates the possibility of using computational modelling as a quick screening tool to predict new AhR modulators from extensive drug libraries. Importantly, these findings hold immense therapeutic potential for addressing AhR-associated disorders. Consequently, it offers compelling prospects for innovative interventions through drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farag E S Mosa
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohammed A Alqahtani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mahmoud A El-Ghiaty
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Khaled Barakat
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Ahmadi M, Soleimanifar N, Rostamian A, Sadr M, Mojtahedi H, Mazari A, Hossein Nicknam M, Assadiasl S. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor gene expression in ankylosing spondylitis and its correlation with interleukin-17, RAR-related orphan receptor gamma t expression, and disease activity indices. Arch Rheumatol 2024; 39:123-132. [PMID: 38774696 PMCID: PMC11104753 DOI: 10.46497/archrheumatol.2023.10203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Considering the role of T helper (Th)17 cells in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), the aim of this study was to determine the correlation between aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) gene expression and the expression of Th17-related genes including interleukin (IL)-17 and RAR-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) transcription factor. Patients and methods Thirty patients with AS (26 males, 4 females; mean age: 36.1±8.1 years) and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (26 males, 4 females; mean age: 36.2±14.6 years) were recruited for the case-control study between June 2021 and January 2022. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from peripheral blood cells and expression levels of AHR, IL-17, RORγt, and AHR repressor (AHRR) genes were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. The serum level of IL-17 was evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The results showed a nonsignificant elevation of AHR, IL-17, and RORγt gene expression in the patient group compared to the control. There was a direct correlation between AHR gene expression and IL-17 and RORγt genes and a negative correlation between AHR and AHRR expression. Moreover, AHR gene expression showed a weak correlation with disease activity indices, including Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Global Score, and Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life. Moreover, the serum level of IL-17 was higher in AS patients compared to the healthy group (p=0.02). Conclusion Upregulated expression of the AHR gene in ankylosing spondylitis and its correlation with IL-17 and ROR-γ t gene expression suggests that it could be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ahmadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narjes Soleimanifar
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolrahman Rostamian
- Department of Rheumatology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadr
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Mojtahedi
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abeda Mazari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nicknam
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Assadiasl
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Luo X, Tang X. Single-cell RNA sequencing in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Genes Dis 2024; 11:633-644. [PMID: 37692495 PMCID: PMC10491939 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases in children, with onset before age 16 and lasting for more than 6 weeks. JIA is a highly heterogeneous condition with various consequences for health and quality of life. For some JIA patients, early detection and intervention remain challenging. As a result, further investigation of the complex and unknown mechanisms underlying JIA is required. Advances in technology now allow us to describe the biological heterogeneity and function of individual cell populations in JIA. Through this review, we hope to provide novel ideas and potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of JIA by summarizing the current findings of single-cell RNA sequencing studies and understanding how the major cell subsets drive JIA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xuemei Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
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Kwon J, Kim DY, Cho KJ, Hashimoto M, Matsuoka K, Kamijo T, Wang Z, Karnup S, Robertson AM, Tyagi P, Yoshimura N. Pathophysiology of Overactive Bladder and Pharmacologic Treatments Including β3-Adrenoceptor Agonists -Basic Research Perspectives. Int Neurourol J 2024; 28:12-33. [PMID: 38461853 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2448002.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a symptom-based syndrome defined by urinary urgency, frequency, and nocturia with or without urge incontinence. The causative pathology is diverse; including bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), bladder ischemia, aging, metabolic syndrome, psychological stress, affective disorder, urinary microbiome, localized and systemic inflammatory responses, etc. Several hypotheses have been suggested as mechanisms of OAB generation; among them, neurogenic, myogenic, and urothelial mechanisms are well-known hypotheses. Also, a series of local signals called autonomous myogenic contraction, micromotion, or afferent noises, which can occur during bladder filling, may be induced by the leak of acetylcholine (ACh) or urothelial release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). They can be transmitted to the central nervous system through afferent fibers to trigger coordinated urgency-related detrusor contractions. Antimuscarinics, commonly known to induce smooth muscle relaxation by competitive blockage of muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic postganglionic nerve, have a minimal effect on detrusor contraction within therapeutic doses. In fact, they have a predominant role in preventing signals in the afferent nerve transmission process. β3-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonists inhibit afferent signals by predominant inhibition of mechanosensitive Aδ-fibers in the normal bladder. However, in pathologic conditions such as spinal cord injury, it seems to inhibit capsaicin-sensitive C-fibers. Particularly, mirabegron, a β3-agonist, prevents ACh release in the BOO-induced detrusor overactivity model by parasympathetic prejunctional mechanisms. A recent study also revealed that vibegron may have 2 mechanisms of action: inhibition of ACh from cholinergic efferent nerves in the detrusor and afferent inhibition via urothelial β3-AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonbeom Kwon
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Leaders Urology Clinic, Daegu, Korea
| | - Duk Yoon Kim
- Department of Urology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kang Jun Cho
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mamoru Hashimoto
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kanako Matsuoka
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tadanobu Kamijo
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sergei Karnup
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anne M Robertson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pradeep Tyagi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Liu Y, Zhao Y, Wu J, Liu T, Tang M, Yao Y, Xue P, He M, Xu Y, Zhang P, Gu M, Qu W, Zhang Y. Lithium impacts the function of hematopoietic stem cells via disturbing the endoplasmic reticulum stress and Hsp90 signaling. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114081. [PMID: 37783420 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) has been widely used in clinical therapy and new Li-ion battery industry. To date, the impact of Li on the development of immune cells is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Li on hematopoiesis. C57BL/6 (B6) mice were treated with 50 ppm LiCl, 200 ppm LiCl, or the control via drinking water for 3 months, and thereafter the hematopoiesis was evaluated. Treatment with Li increased the number of mature lymphoid cells while suppressing the number of mature myeloid cells in mice. In addition, a direct action of Li on hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) suppressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to reduce the proliferation of HSC in the bone marrow (BM), thus leading to fewer HSC in mice. On the other hand, the suppression of ER stress by Li exposure increased the expression of Hsp90, which promoted the potential of lymphopoiesis but did not impact that for myelopoiesis in HSC in the BM of mice. Moreover, in vitro treatment with Li also likely disturbed the ER stress-Hsp90 signaling, suppressed the proliferation, and increased the potential for lymphopoiesis in human HSC. Our study reveals a previously unrecognized toxicity of Li on HSC and may advance our understanding for the immunotoxicology of Li.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Liu
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wu
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - MengKe Tang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ye Yao
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Peng Xue
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Miao He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang, 313000, China.
| | - Minghua Gu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Weidong Qu
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, MOE, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Yang L, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xiao Z. Aryl hydrocarbon receptors improve migraine-like pain behaviors in rats through the regulation of regulatory T cell/T-helper 17 cell-related homeostasis. Headache 2023; 63:1045-1060. [PMID: 37539825 DOI: 10.1111/head.14599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)/regulatory T cell (Treg)/T-helper 17 (Th17) cell pathway on the pathogenesis of migraine. BACKGROUND Migraine is a disabling neurovascular disease that imposes an enormous burden on both individuals and society. The pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine remain controversial. Recent studies have suggested that immune dysfunction may be involved in the pathogenesis of migraine. The AHR, a receptor expressed on most immune cells, has been implicated in the occurrence of many autoimmune diseases; however, whether it is involved in the pathogenesis of migraine is unclear. METHODS A chronic migraine rat model was established through repeated intraperitoneal injection of nitroglycerin (NTG). The mechanical and thermal pain thresholds were assessed using von Frey filaments and radiant heat. Next, the protein expression levels of AHR in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) region of chronic migraine (CM)-like rats were quantified and the changes in Treg/Th17-related transcription factors and inflammatory factors in the TNC were explored. To determine the role of AHR in CM, we examined the effects of the AHR agonist 2-(1'-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE), and AHR antagonist CH-223191 on pain behavior, c-Fos, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), AHR, and Treg/Th17-related factor expression in CM-like rats. RESULTS Repeated administration of NTG significantly enhanced nociceptive hypersensitivity and increased expression of c-Fos and CGRP in rats, while AHR was significantly decreased in the TNC. In addition, the expression of the transcription factor forkhead box protein P3 and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 decreased significantly. In contrast, the expression of the transcription factor retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ t and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 were significantly increased. Moreover, the mRNA level of transforming growth factor beta-1 was decreased, while that of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-22 was increased in the TNC. The AHR agonist ITE alleviated migraine-like pain behaviors in rats, activated the AHR signaling pathway, and improved the imbalance of Treg/Th17-related transcription factors and inflammatory factors. Conversely, the AHR antagonist CH-223191 did not alleviate migraine-like pain behaviors in rats; and even exacerbated them. CONCLUSIONS The AHR participates in the development of CM by regulating Treg/Th17-related homeostasis. Therefore, treatments targeting the AHR/Treg/Th17 signaling pathway could be new effective interventions for CM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanjie Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lily Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheman Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Huang RG, Li XB, Wang YY, Wu H, Li KD, Jin X, Du YJ, Wang H, Qian FY, Li BZ. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and autoimmune diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116222. [PMID: 37224951 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) widely exist in people's production and life which have great potential to damage human and animal health. Over the past few decades, growing attention has been paid to the impact of EDCs on human health, as well as immune system. So far, researchers have proved that EDCs (such as bisphenol A (BPA), phthalate, tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD), etc.) affect human immune function and promotes the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases (ADs). Therefore, in order to better understand how EDCs affect ADs, we summarized the current knowledge about the impact of EDCs on ADs, and elaborated the potential mechanism of the impact of EDCs on ADs in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Gui Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xian-Bao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Yu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kai-Di Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Jie Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | - Bao-Zhu Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Chen Y, Wang Y, Fu Y, Yin Y, Xu K. Modulating AHR function offers exciting therapeutic potential in gut immunity and inflammation. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:85. [PMID: 37179416 PMCID: PMC10182712 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a classical exogenous synthetic ligand of AHR that has significant immunotoxic effects. Activation of AHR has beneficial effects on intestinal immune responses, but inactivation or overactivation of AHR can lead to intestinal immune dysregulation and even intestinal diseases. Sustained potent activation of AHR by TCDD results in impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier. However, currently, AHR research has been more focused on elucidating physiologic AHR function than on dioxin toxicity. The appropriate level of AHR activation plays a role in maintaining gut health and protecting against intestinal inflammation. Therefore, AHR offers a crucial target to modulate intestinal immunity and inflammation. Herein, we summarize our current understanding of the relationship between AHR and intestinal immunity, the ways in which AHR affects intestinal immunity and inflammation, the effects of AHR activity on intestinal immunity and inflammation, and the effect of dietary habits on intestinal health through AHR. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic role of AHR in maintaining gut homeostasis and relieving inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yawei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
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11
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Hiéronimus L, Huaux F. B-1 cells in immunotoxicology: Mechanisms underlying their response to chemicals and particles. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:960861. [PMID: 37143777 PMCID: PMC10151831 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.960861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery nearly 40 years ago, B-1 cells have continued to challenge the boundaries between innate and adaptive immunity, as well as myeloid and lymphoid functions. This B-cell subset ensures early immunity in neonates before the development of conventional B (B-2) cells and respond to immune injuries throughout life. B-1 cells are multifaceted and serve as natural- and induced-antibody-producing cells, phagocytic cells, antigen-presenting cells, and anti-/pro-inflammatory cytokine-releasing cells. This review retraces the origin of B-1 cells and their different roles in homeostatic and infectious conditions before focusing on pollutants comprising contact-sensitivity-inducing chemicals, endocrine disruptors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligands, and reactive particles.
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12
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An overview of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands in the Last two decades (2002–2022): A medicinal chemistry perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Wang W, Xiang T, Yang Y, Wang Z, Xie J. E3 ubiquitin ligases STUB1/CHIP contributes to the Th17/Treg imbalance via the ubiquitination of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 209:280-290. [PMID: 35943876 PMCID: PMC9521662 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
STIP1-homologous U-Box containing protein 1 (STUB1) is involved in the development of immune pathologies and the regulation of T cell. However, the potential role of STUB1 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), especially in the regulation of T cells, remains elusive. Here we show that STUB1 promotes the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells through non-degradative ubiquitination of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Using Western blot and flow cytometry analysis, we observe that the level of STUB1 was increased in RA patients compared with healthy controls. In particular, the expression of STUB1 protein was different in Th17 cells and Treg cells of RA patients. We also demonstrated that STUB1 facilitates Th17/Treg imbalance by up- or downregulating the expression of STUB1. In a subsequent series of in vitro experiments, we revealed that STUB1 promoted the imbalance of Th17 and Treg cells through non-degradative ubiquitination of AHR. Both knockdown of the AHR expression by siRNA and assays of CYP1A1 enzymatic activity by ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) supported this conclusion. Furthermore, we explored the ubiquitination sites of AHR responsible for STUB1-mediated ubiquitination and revealed that STUB1 promotes ubiquitination of AHR via K63 chains. Together, STUB1 may induce the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells via ubiquitination of AHR and serve as a potential therapeutic target for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Xiang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yachen Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zitao Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianmin Xie
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Coe KJ, Feinstein M, Higgins JW, Leung P, Scott BP, Skaptason J, Tam Y, Volak LP, Kinong J, Bittner A, McAllister H, Lim NM, Hack M, Koudriakova T. Characterization of JNJ-2482272 [4-(4-Methyl-2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)Phenyl)Thiazole-5-yl) Pyrimidine-2-Amine] As a Strong Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activator in Rat and Human. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:1064-1076. [PMID: 35680134 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
[4-(4-Methyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thiazole-5-yl)pyrimidine-2-amine] (JNJ-2482272), under investigation as an anti-inflammatory agent, was orally administered to rats once daily at 60 mg/kg for 6 consecutive days. Despite high plasma exposure after single administration (Cmax of 7.1 μM), JNJ-2482272 had plasma concentrations beneath the lower limit of quantification (3 ng/ml) after 6 consecutive days of dosing. To determine if JNJ-2482272 is an autoinducer in rats, plated rat hepatocytes were treated with JNJ-2482272 for 2 days. The major hydroxylated metabolites of JNJ-2482272 were isolated and characterized by mass spectrometry and NMR analyses. Compared with the vehicle-treated cells, a concentration-dependent increase was observed in the formation of phase I- and II-mediated metabolites coinciding with greater expression of cytochrome P450s (P450s) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) in rat hepatocytes. CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, and UGT1A6 transcripts were predominantly induced, suggesting that JNJ-2482272 is an activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In a human AhR reporter assay, JNJ-2482272 demonstrated potent AhR activation with an EC50 value of 0.768 nM, a potency more comparable to the strong AhR activator and toxin 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzodioxin than to weaker AhR activators 3-methylcholanthrene, β-naphthoflavone, and omeprazole. In plated human hepatocytes, JNJ-2482272 induced CYP1A1 gene expression with an EC50 of 20.4 nM and increased CYP1A activity >50-fold from basal levels. In human recombinant P450s, JNJ-2482272 was exclusively metabolized by the CYP1 family of enzymes and most rapidly by CYP1A1. The summation of these in vitro findings bridges the in vivo conclusion that JNJ-2482272 is a strong autoinducer in rats and potentially in humans through potent AhR activation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Drugs that induce their own metabolism (autoinducers) can lack sustained exposures for pharmacology and safety assessment hindering their development. JNJ-2482272 is demonstrated herein as a strong aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activator and CYP1A autoinducer, explaining its near complete loss of exposure after repeat administration in rat, which is likely translatable to human (if progressed further) considering its nanomolar potency comparable to "classical" AhR ligands like 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-dioxin despite bearing a "nonclassical" drug structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Coe
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California (K.J.C., M.F., P.L., B.P.S., L.P.V., H.M., N.M.L., M.H., T.K.); Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Francisco, California (Y.T.), Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc, San Diego, California (J.S.); Pfizer, San Diego, California (J.K.); Turnstone Biologics, La Jolla, California (A.B.); and Trestle Biotherapeutics, San Diego, California (J.W.H.)
| | - Mark Feinstein
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California (K.J.C., M.F., P.L., B.P.S., L.P.V., H.M., N.M.L., M.H., T.K.); Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Francisco, California (Y.T.), Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc, San Diego, California (J.S.); Pfizer, San Diego, California (J.K.); Turnstone Biologics, La Jolla, California (A.B.); and Trestle Biotherapeutics, San Diego, California (J.W.H.)
| | - J William Higgins
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California (K.J.C., M.F., P.L., B.P.S., L.P.V., H.M., N.M.L., M.H., T.K.); Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Francisco, California (Y.T.), Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc, San Diego, California (J.S.); Pfizer, San Diego, California (J.K.); Turnstone Biologics, La Jolla, California (A.B.); and Trestle Biotherapeutics, San Diego, California (J.W.H.)
| | - Perry Leung
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California (K.J.C., M.F., P.L., B.P.S., L.P.V., H.M., N.M.L., M.H., T.K.); Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Francisco, California (Y.T.), Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc, San Diego, California (J.S.); Pfizer, San Diego, California (J.K.); Turnstone Biologics, La Jolla, California (A.B.); and Trestle Biotherapeutics, San Diego, California (J.W.H.)
| | - Brian P Scott
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California (K.J.C., M.F., P.L., B.P.S., L.P.V., H.M., N.M.L., M.H., T.K.); Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Francisco, California (Y.T.), Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc, San Diego, California (J.S.); Pfizer, San Diego, California (J.K.); Turnstone Biologics, La Jolla, California (A.B.); and Trestle Biotherapeutics, San Diego, California (J.W.H.)
| | - Judy Skaptason
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California (K.J.C., M.F., P.L., B.P.S., L.P.V., H.M., N.M.L., M.H., T.K.); Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Francisco, California (Y.T.), Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc, San Diego, California (J.S.); Pfizer, San Diego, California (J.K.); Turnstone Biologics, La Jolla, California (A.B.); and Trestle Biotherapeutics, San Diego, California (J.W.H.)
| | - Yuen Tam
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California (K.J.C., M.F., P.L., B.P.S., L.P.V., H.M., N.M.L., M.H., T.K.); Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Francisco, California (Y.T.), Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc, San Diego, California (J.S.); Pfizer, San Diego, California (J.K.); Turnstone Biologics, La Jolla, California (A.B.); and Trestle Biotherapeutics, San Diego, California (J.W.H.)
| | - Laurie P Volak
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California (K.J.C., M.F., P.L., B.P.S., L.P.V., H.M., N.M.L., M.H., T.K.); Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Francisco, California (Y.T.), Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc, San Diego, California (J.S.); Pfizer, San Diego, California (J.K.); Turnstone Biologics, La Jolla, California (A.B.); and Trestle Biotherapeutics, San Diego, California (J.W.H.)
| | - Jennifer Kinong
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California (K.J.C., M.F., P.L., B.P.S., L.P.V., H.M., N.M.L., M.H., T.K.); Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Francisco, California (Y.T.), Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc, San Diego, California (J.S.); Pfizer, San Diego, California (J.K.); Turnstone Biologics, La Jolla, California (A.B.); and Trestle Biotherapeutics, San Diego, California (J.W.H.)
| | - Anton Bittner
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California (K.J.C., M.F., P.L., B.P.S., L.P.V., H.M., N.M.L., M.H., T.K.); Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Francisco, California (Y.T.), Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc, San Diego, California (J.S.); Pfizer, San Diego, California (J.K.); Turnstone Biologics, La Jolla, California (A.B.); and Trestle Biotherapeutics, San Diego, California (J.W.H.)
| | - Heather McAllister
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California (K.J.C., M.F., P.L., B.P.S., L.P.V., H.M., N.M.L., M.H., T.K.); Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Francisco, California (Y.T.), Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc, San Diego, California (J.S.); Pfizer, San Diego, California (J.K.); Turnstone Biologics, La Jolla, California (A.B.); and Trestle Biotherapeutics, San Diego, California (J.W.H.)
| | - Nathan M Lim
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California (K.J.C., M.F., P.L., B.P.S., L.P.V., H.M., N.M.L., M.H., T.K.); Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Francisco, California (Y.T.), Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc, San Diego, California (J.S.); Pfizer, San Diego, California (J.K.); Turnstone Biologics, La Jolla, California (A.B.); and Trestle Biotherapeutics, San Diego, California (J.W.H.)
| | - Michael Hack
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California (K.J.C., M.F., P.L., B.P.S., L.P.V., H.M., N.M.L., M.H., T.K.); Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Francisco, California (Y.T.), Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc, San Diego, California (J.S.); Pfizer, San Diego, California (J.K.); Turnstone Biologics, La Jolla, California (A.B.); and Trestle Biotherapeutics, San Diego, California (J.W.H.)
| | - Tatiana Koudriakova
- Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Diego, California (K.J.C., M.F., P.L., B.P.S., L.P.V., H.M., N.M.L., M.H., T.K.); Janssen Research & Development, L.L.C., San Francisco, California (Y.T.), Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc, San Diego, California (J.S.); Pfizer, San Diego, California (J.K.); Turnstone Biologics, La Jolla, California (A.B.); and Trestle Biotherapeutics, San Diego, California (J.W.H.)
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Zhang TP, Li R, Li HM, Xiang N, Tan Z, Wang GS, Li XM. The Contribution of Genetic Variation and Aberrant Methylation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling Pathway Genes to Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:823863. [PMID: 35309329 PMCID: PMC8924038 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.823863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling pathway participates in immune regulation of multiple autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We conducted this study to investigate the association of AHR signaling pathway genes (AHR, ARNT, AHRR) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as well as their methylation levels, with RA susceptibility. Nine SNPs (AHR gene rs2066853, rs2158041, rs2282885, ARNT gene rs10847, rs1889740, rs11204735, AHRR gene rs2292596, rs2672725, rs349583) were genotyped via improved multiple ligase detection reaction (iMLDR) in 479 RA patients and 496 healthy controls. We used the Illumina Hiseq platform to detect methylation levels of these genes in 122 RA patients and 123 healthy controls. A significant increase in rs11204735 C allele frequency was observed in RA patients when compared to controls. Further, rs11204735 polymorphism was associated with a decreased risk of RA under the dominant model. ARNT CCC haplotype frequency was significantly increased in RA patients in comparison to controls. In the AHRR gene, rs2672725 GG genotype, G allele frequencies were significantly related to an increased risk of RA and rs2292596, rs2672725 polymorphism were significantly associated with an increased risk of RA under the dominant model, recessive model, respectively. However, no significant association was identified between AHR gene polymorphism and RA susceptibility. The AHR methylation level in RA patients was significantly higher than the controls, while AHRR methylation level was abnormally reduced in RA patients. In addition, AHRR rs2672725 genotype distribution was significantly associated with the AHRR methylation level among RA patients. In summary, ARNT rs11204735, AHRR rs2292596, and rs2672725 polymorphisms were associated with RA susceptibility and altered AHR, AHRR methylation levels were related to the risk of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong-Miao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Nan Xiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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16
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What If Not All Metabolites from the Uremic Toxin Generating Pathways Are Toxic? A Hypothesis. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030221. [PMID: 35324718 PMCID: PMC8953523 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The topic of uremic toxicity has received broad attention from the nephrological community over the past few decades. An aspect that is much less often considered is the possibility that the metabolic pathways that generate uremic toxins also may produce molecules that benefit body functions. Here, we discuss this dualism based on the example of tryptophan-derived metabolites, which comprise elements that are mainly toxic, such as indoxyl sulfate, kynurenine and kynurenic acid, but also beneficial compounds, such as indole, melatonin and indole-3-propionic acid, and ambivalent (beneficial for some aspects and harmful for others) compounds such as serotonin. This dualism can also be perceived at the level of the main receptor of the tryptophan-derived metabolites, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which has also been linked to both harm and benefit. We hypothesize that these beneficial effects are the reason why uremic toxin generation remained preserved throughout evolution. This duality is also not unique for the tryptophan-derived metabolites, and in this broader context we discuss the remote sensing and signaling theory (RSST). The RSST proposes that transporters (e.g., organic anion transporter 1—OAT1; ATP-binding cassette transporter G—ABCG2) and drug metabolizing enzymes form a large network of proteins interacting to promote small molecule remote communication at the inter-organ (e.g., gut–liver–heart–brain–kidney) and inter-organismal (e.g., gut microbe–host) levels. These small molecules include gut microbe-derived uremic toxins as well as beneficial molecules such as those discussed here. We emphasize that this positive side of uremic metabolite production needs more attention, and that this dualism especially needs to be considered when assessing and conceiving of therapeutic interventions. These homeostatic considerations are central to the RSST and suggest that interventions be aimed at preserving or restoring the balance between positive and negative components rather than eliminating them all without distinction.
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17
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Xin Y, Zhang B, Zhao J, Liu Q, Yin H, Lu Q. Animal models of systemic lupus erythematosus and their applications in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:489-500. [PMID: 35287523 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2050691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease with substantial phenotypic heterogeneity. Currently, our understanding of the pathogenesis is still limited, and as a result, specific and efficacious therapies are lacking. Various mouse models have been established to serve as powerful tools that will promote a better understanding of the disease and the ability to test novel drugs before clinical application. AREAS COVERED The authors review the existing mouse models of SLE in terms of pathogenesis and manifestations, as well as their applications in drug discovery and development. The areas of focus include promising novel therapeutics that could benefit patients in the future and the contribution of mouse models used in preclinical studies. EXPERT OPINION Given the diversity of SLE mouse models with different characteristics, researchers must select a suitable model based on the mechanism involved. The use of multiple models is needed for drug testing studies to evaluate drug efficacy on different genetic backgrounds and other mechanisms to provide a reference for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xin
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianmei Liu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoyuan Yin
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Czapka A, Grune C, Schädel P, Bachmann V, Scheuer K, Dirauf M, Weber C, Skaltsounis AL, Jandt KD, Schubert US, Fischer D, Werz O. Drug delivery of 6-bromoindirubin-3'-glycerol-oxime ether employing poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)-based nanoencapsulation techniques with sustainable solvents. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:5. [PMID: 34983538 PMCID: PMC8725458 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient solubility and stability of bioactive small molecules as well as poor biocompatibility may cause low bioavailability and are common obstacles in drug development. One example of such problematic molecules is 6-bromoindirubin-3'-glycerol-oxime ether (6BIGOE), a hydrophobic indirubin derivative. 6BIGOE potently modulates the release of inflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators from isolated human monocytes through inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in a favorable fashion. However, 6BIGOE suffers from poor solubility and short half-lives in biological aqueous environment and exerts cytotoxic effects in various mammalian cells. In order to overcome the poor water solubility, instability and cytotoxicity of 6BIGOE, we applied encapsulation into poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-based nanoparticles by employing formulation methods using the sustainable solvents Cyrene™ or 400 g/mol poly(ethylene glycol) as suitable technology for efficient drug delivery of 6BIGOE. RESULTS For all preparation techniques the physicochemical characterization of 6BIGOE-loaded nanoparticles revealed comparable crystallinity, sizes of about 230 nm with low polydispersity, negative zeta potentials around - 15 to - 25 mV, and biphasic release profiles over up to 24 h. Nanoparticles with improved cellular uptake and the ability to mask cytotoxic effects of 6BIGOE were obtained as shown in human monocytes over 48 h as well as in a shell-less hen's egg model. Intriguingly, encapsulation into these nanoparticles fully retains the anti-inflammatory properties of 6BIGOE, that is, favorable modulation of the release of inflammation-relevant cytokines and lipid mediators from human monocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our formulation method of PLGA-based nanoparticles by applying sustainable, non-toxic solvents is a feasible nanotechnology that circumvents the poor bioavailability and biocompatibility of the cargo 6BIGOE. This technology yields favorable drug delivery systems for efficient interference with inflammatory processes, with improved pharmacotherapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Czapka
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Grune
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Schädel
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Vivien Bachmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Karl Scheuer
- Chair of Materials Science (CMS), Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Dirauf
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Weber
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Klaus D Jandt
- Chair of Materials Science (CMS), Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Dagmar Fischer
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department for Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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19
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Bungsu I, Kifli N, Ahmad SR, Ghani H, Cunningham AC. Herbal Plants: The Role of AhR in Mediating Immunomodulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:697663. [PMID: 34249001 PMCID: PMC8264659 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.697663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic inflammatory diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), autoimmunity and cancer have increased in recent years. Herbal-based compounds such as flavonoids have been demonstrated to contribute to the modulation of these diseases although understanding their mechanism of action remains limited. Flavonoids are able to interact with cellular immune components in a distinct way and influence immune responses at a molecular level. In this mini review, we highlight recent progress in our understanding of the modulation of immune responses by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor whose activity can be regulated by diverse molecules including flavonoids. We focus on the role of AhR in integrating signals from flavonoids to modulate inflammatory responses using in vitro and experimental animal models. We also summarize the limitations of these studies. Medicinal herbs have been widely used to treat inflammatory disorders and may offer a valuable therapeutic strategy to treat aberrant inflammatory responses by modulation of the AhR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izzah Bungsu
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah (PAPRSB), Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Nurolaini Kifli
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah (PAPRSB), Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Siti Rohaiza Ahmad
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah (PAPRSB), Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Hazim Ghani
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah (PAPRSB), Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Anne Catherine Cunningham
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah (PAPRSB), Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
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20
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Chang LJ, Chen TH. NSP16 2'-O-MTase in Coronavirus Pathogenesis: Possible Prevention and Treatments Strategies. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040538. [PMID: 33804957 PMCID: PMC8063928 DOI: 10.3390/v13040538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several life-threatening viruses have recently appeared, including the coronavirus, infecting a variety of human and animal hosts and causing a range of diseases like human upper respiratory tract infections. They not only cause serious human and animal deaths, but also cause serious public health problems worldwide. Currently, seven species are known to infect humans, namely SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-HKU1. The coronavirus nonstructural protein 16 (NSP16) structure is similar to the 5′-end capping system of mRNA used by eukaryotic hosts and plays a vital role in evading host immunity response and protects the nascent viral mRNA from degradation. NSP16 is also well-conserved among related coronaviruses and requires its binding partner NSP10 to activate its enzymatic activity. With the continued threat of viral emergence highlighted by human coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2, mutant strains continue to appear, affecting the highly conserved NSP16: this provides a possible therapeutic approach applicable to any novel coronavirus. To this end, current information on the 2′-O-MTase activity mechanism, the differences between NSP16 and NSP10 in human coronaviruses, and the current potential prevention and treatment strategies related to NSP16 are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jen Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-5276-5041
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