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Igoe JM, Lam BL, Gregori NZ. Update on Clinical Trial Endpoints in Gene Therapy Trials for Inherited Retinal Diseases. J Clin Med 2024; 13:5512. [PMID: 39336999 PMCID: PMC11431936 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13185512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) encompass a wide spectrum of rare conditions characterized by diverse phenotypes associated with hundreds of genetic variations, often leading to progressive visual impairment and profound vision loss. Multiple natural history studies and clinical trials exploring gene therapy for various IRDs are ongoing. Outcomes for ophthalmic trials measure visual changes in three main categories-structural, functional, and patient-focused outcomes. Since IRDs may range from congenital with poor central vision from birth to affecting the peripheral retina initially and progressing insidiously with visual acuity affected late in the disease course, typical outcome measures such as central visual acuity and ocular coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the macula may not provide adequate representation of therapeutic outcomes including alterations in disease course. Thus, alternative unique outcome measures are necessary to assess loss of peripheral vision, color vision, night vision, and contrast sensitivity in IRDs. These differences have complicated the assessment of clinical outcomes for IRD therapies, and the clinical trials for IRDs have had to design novel specialized endpoints to demonstrate treatment efficacy. As genetic engineering and gene therapy techniques continue to advance with growing investment from industry and accelerated approval tracks for orphan conditions, the clinical trials must continue to improve their assessments to demonstrate safety and efficacy of new gene therapies that aim to come to market. Here, we will provide an overview of the current gene therapy approaches, review various endpoints for measuring visual function, highlight those that are utilized in recent gene therapy trials, and provide an overview of stage 2 and 3 IRD trials through the second quarter of 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Igoe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Byron L Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ninel Z Gregori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL 33125, USA
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2
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Yu H, Guo X, Wu J, Wu H, Zhao H. Analyzing the effect of blue-blocking lenses on color vision tests using the chromaticity coordinate method. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32938. [PMID: 38994067 PMCID: PMC11238008 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Significance Blue light with wavelengths of 380-445 nm can harm the retina, leading to the development of blue-blocking lenses (BBLs). Understanding whether BBLs affect color vision test outcomes and color discrimination ability is crucial for people in color-associated jobs. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effect of BBLs on color vision tests and analyze color discrimination using mathematical models of color spaces. Approach Six pseudoisochromatic (PIC) tests and two Farnsworth-Munsell (FM) tests were conducted to assess participants' color vision. Friedman signed rank test was used to compare the outcomes of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Tests (FM 100-Hue Tests) between the BBLs and ordinary lenses groups. The CIE color difference formula and a spectral illuminometer were employed to evaluate the color differences with and without BBLs. Results All subjects showed normal outcomes in all PIC tests and Farnsworth-Munsell Dichotomous D-15 Tests (FM D-15 Tests). There were no significant differences between ordinary lenses group and BBLs groups in FM 100-Hue Tests. In the color space, the effect of BBLs on each color light was equivalent to a translation on the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram with minor distortion. Since BBLs do not disrupt the continuity of the chromaticity diagram, or cause different colors to appear the same, they do not lead to color confusion. However, colors with short wavelengths exhibited more changes in color difference when wearing BBLs. Conclusions BBLs do not impair the wearer's ability to discriminate colors or perform color vision tests accurately. However, BBLs can cause color differences especially in the recognition of blue hues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyao Yu
- College of science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Xinwei Guo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Optometry, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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Fanlo-Zarazaga A, Echevarría JI, Pinilla J, Alejandre A, Pérez-Roche T, Gutiérrez D, Ortín M, Pueyo V. Validation of a New Digital and Automated Color Perception Test. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:396. [PMID: 38396435 PMCID: PMC10888327 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14040396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although color vision deficiencies are very prevalent, there are no ideal methods for assessing color vision in all environments. We compared a new digital and automated method that quantifies color perception for the three protan, deutan, and tritan axes with two of the most commonly used color tests in daily practice: the Ishihara 38 plates test and the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test. One hundred patients underwent a triple examination composed of the new DIVE Color Test, the Ishihara test, and the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test. The DIVE Color Test was performed twice in forty participants to assess its repeatability. In the trichromatic group, the mean age stood at 20.57 ± 9.22 years compared with 25.99 ± 15.86 years in the dyschromatic group. The DIVE and Ishihara tests exhibited excellent agreement in identifying participants with color deficiency (Cohen's kappa = 1.00), while it was 0.81 when comparing DIVE and Farnsworth. The correlation between the global perception values of Farnsworth (TES) and DIVE (GCS) was 0.80. The repeatability of the DIVE Color Test was high according to Bland-Altman analysis with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.83. According to Ishihara, the DIVE Color Test proved to be an effective and reproducible tool for red-green color vision deficiency detection, capable of determining the severity of the defect in each of the three axes faster and more accurately than both Ishihara and Farnsworth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Fanlo-Zarazaga
- Ophthalmology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Isabel la Católica, 3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- DIVE Medical S.L., Paseo Miramón 170, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Echevarría
- Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, María de Luna 1, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Pinilla
- Ophthalmology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Isabel la Católica, 3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Adrián Alejandre
- DIVE Medical S.L., Paseo Miramón 170, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Teresa Pérez-Roche
- Ophthalmology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Isabel la Católica, 3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Diego Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Universidad de Zaragoza, María de Luna 1, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Ortín
- DIVE Medical S.L., Paseo Miramón 170, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Victoria Pueyo
- Ophthalmology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Isabel la Católica, 3, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Domingo Miral, s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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White KM, Livnat I, Frambach CR, Doan J, Mehta UV, Yuh C, Palma AM, Jameson KA, Kenney MC, Mehta MC, Boisvert CJ, Crow WR, Browne AW. Quantitative cone contrast threshold testing in patients with differing pathophysiological mechanisms causing retinal diseases. Int J Retina Vitreous 2023; 9:9. [PMID: 36732855 PMCID: PMC9893567 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-023-00442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cone contrast threshold testing (CCT) provides quantitative measurements of color and contrast function to reveal changes in vision quality that are not standard endpoints in clinical trials. We utilize CCT to measure visual function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), epiretinal membrane (ERM), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). METHODS Retrospective data was gathered from 237 patients of the Gavin Herbert Eye Institute. Subjects included 17 patients with MS, 45 patients with AMD, 41 patients with ERM, 11 patients with RVO, and 123 healthy controls. Patients underwent the primary measurement outcome, CCT testing, as well as Sloan visual acuity test and spectral domain optical coherence tomography during normal care. RESULTS Color and contrast deficits were present in MS patients regardless of history of optic neuritis. AMD with intermediate or worse disease demonstrated reduced CCT scores. All 3 stages of ERM demonstrated cone contrast deficits. Despite restoration of visual acuity, RVO-affected eyes demonstrated poorer CCT performance than unaffected fellow eyes. CONCLUSIONS CCT demonstrates color and contrast deficits for multiple retinal diseases with differing pathophysiology. Further prospective studies of CCT in other disease states and with larger samples sizes is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M. White
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 USA ,grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Case Western Reserve University Ophthalmology, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Itamar Livnat
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Caroline R. Frambach
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - John Doan
- grid.30760.320000 0001 2111 8460Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI 53226 USA ,Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara Internal Medicine, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA
| | - Urmi V. Mehta
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 USA ,grid.268203.d0000 0004 0455 5679Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766 USA
| | - Clara Yuh
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 USA ,grid.268203.d0000 0004 0455 5679Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766 USA
| | - Anton M. Palma
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences University, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Kimberly A. Jameson
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Institute for Mathematical Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - M. Cristina Kenney
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Center for Translational Vision Research, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Mitul C. Mehta
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Chantal J. Boisvert
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 USA ,grid.26009.3d0000 0004 1936 7961Duke Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705 USA
| | - Wade R. Crow
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Andrew W. Browne
- grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Center for Translational Vision Research, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 USA ,grid.266093.80000 0001 0668 7243Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences University, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
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Hong JK, Kim JM, Kim KW, Han JW, Ahn S, Yoon IY. Clinical manifestation of patients with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder after modest-to-long disease duration. Sleep 2022; 45:6553187. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study Objectives
Patients with isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) are known to be at risk of neurodegenerative diseases but the time process of neurodegeneration remains unclear and its ethnic difference is rarely discussed. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical manifestation of iRBD according to disease duration in a Korean cohort.
Methods
Patients who had been diagnosed with iRBD for at least 5 years were tracked and those currently remaining as iRBD were invited for motor, autonomic, olfactory, color discrimination, and cognitive tests. Cross-sectional comparison between patients with iRBD with modest disease duration (5–9.9 years) and long disease duration (≥10 years) was conducted.
Results
There were total of 198 patients with iRBD (135 males, 68.2%) tracked, whose average age at diagnosis was 65.9 years. Thirty-three had developed parkinsonism and 17 had developed dementia, resulting in a phenoconversion risk of 35.7% at 10 years. Hazard rate showed a gradually increasing trend over time, beginning from 2.1 conversions per year to 8.5 at 10 years. Patients with iRBD with a long disease duration (n = 19) had slightly higher motor scores than those with a modest duration (n = 82). However, they showed no difference in the frequency of motor abnormality or other clinical markers.
Conclusions
There is a possible racial or geographical difference of phenoconversion risk. The progression of neurodegeneration might be very subtle in that patients with iRBD with longer disease duration do not necessarily show higher frequency of neurodegeneration markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Kyung Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam , Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam , Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-woong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam , Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam , Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Ahn
- Division of Statistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam , Republic of Korea
| | - In-Young Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam , Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Basson EP, Zeiler GE, Kamerman PR, Meyer LCR. Use of blood colour for assessment of arterial oxygen saturation in immobilized impala (Aepyceros melampus). Vet Anaesth Analg 2021; 48:725-733. [PMID: 34362689 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between arterial blood colour [as defined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) L∗a∗b∗ colour space] and haemoglobin oxygen saturation [functional saturation (SaO2) and fractional saturation (FO2Hb)], and if arterial blood colour can be used to predict arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive study as an adjunct to two prospective randomized crossover studies. ANIMALS A group of 10 wild caught adult female impala (Aepyceros melampus) weighing 34.1 ± 5.2 kg (mean ± standard deviation). METHODS Impala were immobilized with potent opioids (0.09 mg kg-1 of etorphine or thiafentanil). A total of 163 arterial blood samples were collected anaerobically into heparinized syringes from arterial cannulae and analysed immediately using spectrocolourimetry and co-oximetry. Data were analysed by modelling the relationship between predicted arterial blood colour CIE L∗a∗b∗ components and SaO2 and FO2Hb. The models were then used to predict values for L∗, a∗ and b∗ to produce a colour palette for the range of SaO2 and FO2Hb used. The modified version of the Farnsworth-Munsell hue test was used to assess the subjective ordering of the resulting colour palette by 20 observers. RESULTS The second-order polynomial (quadratic) model produced the best fit for all three arterial blood colour CIE L∗a∗b∗ components for both SaO2 and FO2Hb. The regression models were used to generate predicted arterial blood colour CIE L∗a∗b∗ components for the midpoint of each decile over a range of SaO2 and FO2Hb percentages (15% to 95%). The resulting colour palettes were correctly ordered by all observers in the SaO2 range of 45-95% saturation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE An association between arterial blood colour (as defined by CIE L∗a∗b∗ components) and SaO2 and FO2Hb exists, and arterial blood colour can be used to give a clinically useful estimate of arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation in impala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne P Basson
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa.
| | - Gareth E Zeiler
- Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Peter R Kamerman
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Leith C R Meyer
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa; Centre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
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Normal colour perception in developmental prosopagnosia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13741. [PMID: 34215772 PMCID: PMC8253794 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a selective neurodevelopmental condition defined by lifelong impairments in face recognition. Despite much research, the extent to which DP is associated with broader visual deficits beyond face processing is unclear. Here we investigate whether DP is accompanied by deficits in colour perception. We tested a large sample of 92 DP individuals and 92 sex/age-matched controls using the well-validated Ishihara and Farnsworth–Munsell 100-Hue tests to assess red–green colour deficiencies and hue discrimination abilities. Group-level analyses show comparable performance between DP and control individuals across both tests, and single-case analyses indicate that the prevalence of colour deficits is low and comparable to that in the general population. Our study clarifies that DP is not linked to colour perception deficits and constrains theories of DP that seek to account for a larger range of visual deficits beyond face recognition.
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Abstract
Color is a fundamental aspect of normal visual experience. This chapter provides an overview of the role of color in human behavior, a survey of current knowledge regarding the genetic, retinal, and neural mechanisms that enable color vision, and a review of inherited and acquired defects of color vision including a discussion of diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Carroll
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
| | - Bevil R Conway
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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Mehta U, Diep A, Nguyen K, Le B, Yuh C, Frambach C, Doan J, Wei A, Palma AM, Farid M, Garg S, Kedhar S, Wade M, Marshall KA, Jameson KA, Cristina Kenney M, Browne AW. Quantifying Color Vision Changes Associated With Cataracts Using Cone Contrast Thresholds. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:11. [PMID: 33200052 PMCID: PMC7645251 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.12.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate effects of age and simulated and real cataractous changes on color vision as measured by the high-definition cone contrast test (CCT). Methods Twenty-four healthy volunteers from two cohort studies performed CCT using best-corrected visual acuity, filters, mydriasis, and pinhole correction. Retrospective cross-sectional study of patients seen in eye clinics evaluated the relationship between age and color vision, and age and lens status in 355 eyes. Last, 25 subjects underwent CCT before and after cataract surgery. Results CCT scores were most reliable in the nonmydriatic condition without pinhole correction. Progressively dense brown filters produced small decreases in S-cone sensitivity. Linear regression analysis of phakic subjects showed a decline for all cone classes with age. Rate of decline was greater for S-cones (slope = −1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.30 to 0.86) than M-cones (slope = −0.80; 95% CI, −1.03 to −0.58) and L-cones (slope = −0.66; 95% CI, −0.88 to −0.44). CCT scores increased for S-cones but reduced for L- and M-cones in pseudophakic subjects compared with phakic patients. CCT scores after cataract surgery increased for S-cones, M-cones, and L-cones by 33.0 (95% CI, 8.6 to 57.4), 24.9 (95% CI, 3.8 to 46.0), and 22.0 (95% CI, −3.2 to 47.3), respectively. Conclusions CCT assessment allows for clinically practical quantitation of color and contrast vision improvement after cataract surgery and aging patients who note poor vision despite good visual acuity. Translational Relevance CCT testing, which quantifies hereditary and acquired color deficiency, can also quantify the degree of cataract severity and, combined with other parameters, can provide more precise guidance for cataract extraction to optimize patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmi Mehta
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California USA
| | - Anna Diep
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California USA
| | - Kevin Nguyen
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Bryan Le
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clara Yuh
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California USA
| | - Caroline Frambach
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California USA
| | - John Doan
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ang Wei
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California USA
| | - Anton M Palma
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Marjan Farid
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sumit Garg
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sanjay Kedhar
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Matthew Wade
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kailey A Marshall
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kimberly A Jameson
- Institute for Mathematical Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Andrew W Browne
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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10
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Quantitative and objective diagnosis of color vision deficiencies based on steady-state visual evoked potentials. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 41:587-598. [PMID: 33044670 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Traditional color vision tests depend on subjective judgments and are not suitable for infant children and subjects with cognitive dysfunction. We aimed to explore an objective and quantitative color vision testing method based on sweep steady-state visual evoked potentials (sweep SSVEPs) and compare the results with subjective Farnsworth-Munsell (FM) 100-hue test results. METHODS A red-green SSVEP pattern reversal checkboard paradigm at different luminance ratios was used to induce visual evoked potentials (VEPs) from 15 color vision deficiencies (CVDs) and 11 normal color vision subjects. After electroencephalography signals were processed by canonical correlation analysis, an equiluminance turning curve corresponding to the activation of the L-cones and M-cones at different levels of color vision was established. Then, we obtained different equiluminance T and proposed the SSVEP color vision severity index (ICVD) to quantify color vision function and the severity of CVDs. In addition, the FM 100-hue test was used to obtain subjective data for the diagnosis of color vision. RESULTS The value of ICVD can be an indicator of the level of color vision. Both the total error scores (TES) and confusion index (C-index) of the FM 100-hue test were significantly correlated with ICVD values (P < 0.001, respectively). ICVD also had a good classification effect in detecting normals, anomalous trichromats and dichromats. Moreover, equiluminance T had a good effect on classifying protans and deutans in subjects with CVDs. CONCLUSION Color vision evaluation with sweep SSVEPs showed a good correlation with subjective psychophysical methods. SSVEPs can be an objective and quantitative method to test color vision and diagnose CVDs.
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McAlpine E, Maritz R, Williams S. Hue discrimination among pathologists using a computer-based Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test. Histopathology 2018; 73:869-871. [PMID: 29943420 DOI: 10.1111/his.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewen McAlpine
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Robert Maritz
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Susan Williams
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Posavec I, Prpić V, Zlatarić DK. Influence of Light Conditions and Light Sources on Clinical Measurement of Natural Teeth Color using VITA Easyshade Advance 4,0 ® Spectrophotometer. Pilot Study. Acta Stomatol Croat 2017; 50:337-347. [PMID: 28275281 DOI: 10.15644/asc50/4/7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare lightness (L), chroma (C) and hue (h), green-red (a) and blue-yellow (b) character of the color of maxillary right central incisors in different light conditions and light sources. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two examiners who were well trained in digital color evaluation participated in the research. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to analyze intra- and interobserver reliability. The LCh and L*a*b* values were determined at 08.15 and at 10.00 in the morning under three different light conditions. Tooth color was assessed in 10 subjects using intraoral spectrophotometer VITA Easyshade Advance 4.0® set at the central region of the vestibular surface of the measured tooth. RESULTS Intra- and interobserver ICC values were high for both examiners and ranged from 0.57 to 0.99. Statistically significant differences in LCh and L*a*b* values measured in different time of the day and certain light condition were not found (p>0.05). Statistically significant differences in LCh and L*a*b* values measured under three different light conditions were not found, too (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS VITA Easyshade Advance 4.0® is reliable enough for daily clinical work in order to assess tooth color during the fabrication of esthtic appliances because it is not dependent on light conditions and light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Posavec
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Prpić
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Knezović Zlatarić
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Effect of Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty on Color Vision in Patients With Fuchs Dystrophy. Cornea 2016; 35:1045-8. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bento-Torres NVO, Rodrigues AR, Côrtes MIT, Bonci DMDO, Ventura DF, Silveira LCDL. Psychophysical Evaluation of Congenital Colour Vision Deficiency: Discrimination between Protans and Deutans Using Mollon-Reffin's Ellipses and the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152214. [PMID: 27101124 PMCID: PMC4839569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue (FM 100) test and Mollon-Reffin (MR) test to evaluate the colour vision of 93 subjects, 30.4 ± 9.7 years old, who had red-green congenital colour vision deficiencies. All subjects lived in Belém (State of Pará, Brazil) and were selected by the State of Pará Traffic Department. Selection criteria comprised the absence of visual dysfunctions other than Daltonism and no history of systemic diseases that could impair the visual system performance. Results from colour vision deficient were compared with those from 127 normal trichromats, 29.3 ± 10.3 years old. For the MR test, measurements were taken around five points of the CIE 1976 colour space, along 20 directions irradiating from each point, in order to determine with high-resolution the corresponding colour discrimination ellipses (MacAdam ellipses). Three parameters were used to compare results obtained from different subjects: diameter of circle with same ellipse area, ratio between ellipse’s long and short axes, and ellipse long axis angle. For the FM 100 test, the parameters were: logarithm of the total number of mistakes and positions of mistakes in the FM diagram. Data were also simultaneously analysed in two or three dimensions as well as by using multidimensional cluster analysis. For the MR test, Mollon-Reffin Ellipse #3 (u’ = 0.225, v’ = 0.415) discriminated more efficiently than the other four ellipses between protans and deutans once it provided larger angular difference in the colour space between protan and deutan confusion lines. The MR test was more sensitive than the FM 100 test. It separated individuals by dysfunctional groups with greater precision, provided a more sophisticated quantitative analysis, and its use is appropriate for a more refined evaluation of different phenotypes of red-green colour vision deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natáli Valim Oliver Bento-Torres
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Anderson Raiol Rodrigues
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dora Fix Ventura
- Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos de Lima Silveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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