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Madhuranthakam CMR, Abudaqqa WSK, Fowler M. Advances in Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Membranes for Fuel Cells: A Comprehensive Review on Types, Synthesis, Modifications, and Performance Optimization. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1775. [PMID: 39000631 PMCID: PMC11243812 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Fuel cell technology is at the forefront of sustainable energy solutions, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membranes play an important role in improving performance. This article thoroughly investigates the various varieties of PVA membranes, their production processes, and the numerous modification tactics used to solve inherent problems. Various methods were investigated, including chemical changes, composite blending, and the introduction of nanocomposites. The factors impacting PVA membranes, such as proton conductivity, thermal stability, and selectivity, were investigated to provide comprehensive knowledge. By combining various research threads, this review aims to completely investigate the current state of PVA membranes in fuel cell applications, providing significant insights for both academic researchers and industry practitioners interested in efficient and sustainable energy conversion technologies. The transition from traditional materials such as Nafion to PVA membranes has been prompted by limitations associated with the former, such as complex synthesis procedures, reduced ionic conductivity at elevated temperatures, and prohibitively high costs, which have hampered their widespread adoption. As a result, modern research efforts are increasingly focused on the creation of alternative membranes that can compete with conventional technical efficacy and economic viability in the context of fuel cell technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weam S K Abudaqqa
- Chemical Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michael Fowler
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G5, Canada
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2
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Cheng Y, Wang H, Jiang TW, Guo X, Kwofie F, Su H, Khotseng L, Zeng W, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Cai WB, Wang S. Lutetium-Induced Ultrafine PtRu Nanoclusters with a High Electrochemical Surface Area for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells at Alleviated Temperatures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38606549 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
PtRu alloys have been recognized as the state-of-the-art catalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). However, their applications in DMFCs are still less efficient in terms of both catalytic activity and durability. Rare earth (RE) metals have been recognized as attractive elements to tune the catalytic activity, while it is still a world-class challenge to synthesize well-dispersed Pt-RE alloys. Herein, we developed a novel hydrogen-assisted magnesiothermic reduction strategy to prepare a highly dispersed carbon-supported lutetium-doped PtRu catalyst with ultrafine nanoclusters and atomically dispersed Ru sites. The PtRuLu catalyst shows an outstanding high electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of 239.0 m2 gPt-1 and delivers an optimized MOR mass activity and specific activity of 632.5 mA mgPt-1 and 26 A cmPt-2 at 0.4 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE), which are 3.6 and 3.5 times of commercial PtRu-JM and an order higher than PtLu, respectively. These novel catalysts have been demonstrated in a high-temperature direct methanol fuel cell running in a temperature range of 180-240 °C, achieving a maximum power density of 314.3 mW cm-2. The AC-STEM imaging, in situ ATR-IR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations disclose that the high performance is resulted from the highly dispersed PtRuLu nanoclusters and the synergistic effect of the atomically dispersed Ru sites with PtRuLu nanoclusters, which significantly reduces the CO* intermediates coverage due to the promoted water activation to form the OH* to facilitate the CO* removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Tian-Wen Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xinyao Guo
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Felix Kwofie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Huaneng Su
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Lindiwe Khotseng
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Weifeng Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
- Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yujing Liu
- Institute of Metals, College of Material Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, 960, Second Section, Wanjiali RD (S), Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Wen-Bin Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shuangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, Provincial Hunan Key Laboratory for Graphene Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Li F, Chan SH, Tu Z. Recent Development of Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Performance Optimization Strategies: A Review. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300067. [PMID: 37350372 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are the most promising low-temperature fuel cells and have received extensive attention. Compared to PEMFCs, the cost per unit of power can be significantly reduced for AEMFCs because, in theory, they allow the usage of non-precious metal catalysts and low-cost cell components. Owing to the development of advanced materials and performance improvement strategies, AEMFCs have achieved new records in both initial performance and durability. However, the high performance currently achieved is contingent on certain conditions, e. g., high Pt loading, large gas flowrates, and operation in pure O2 , which are far from practical applications. Therefore, the transition to commercially relevant performance and durability is the next goal of AEMFCs. This paper reviews the performance data of H2 -fueled AEMFCs since 2010 and summarizes possible performance optimization schemes, which can provide useful insights for developing next-generation AEMFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangju Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Siew Hwa Chan
- Energy Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 637553, Singapore
| | - Zhengkai Tu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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4
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Zhou S, Yan R, Zhou W, Wu C, Cheng W. Highly Efficient Electrooxidation of Ethanol on CuPtPd Trimetallic Catalyst. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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5
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In-situ FTIR spectroscopy investigation of carbon-supported PdAuNi electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Souza FM, Pinheiro VS, Gentil TC, Lucchetti LE, Silva J, L.M.G. Santos M, De Oliveira I, Dourado WM, Amaral-Labat G, Okamoto S, Santos MC. Alkaline direct liquid fuel cells: Advances, challenges and perspectives. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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7
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Salazar-Gastelum LJ, Garcia-Limon BY, Lin SW, Calva-Yañez JC, Zizumbo-Lopez A, Romero-Castañón T, Salazar-Gastelum MI, Pérez-Sicairos S. Synthesis of Anion Exchange Membranes Containing PVDF/PES and Either PEI or Fumion ®. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:959. [PMID: 36295718 PMCID: PMC9607123 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the preparation of dense blended membranes, from blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), poly(ether sulfone) (PES) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) or Fumion®, with possible applications in alkaline fuel cell (AEMFC) is reported. The blended PEI/Fumion® membranes were prepared under a controlled air atmosphere by a solvent evaporation method, and were characterized regarding water uptake, swelling ratio, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ion exchange capacity (IEC), OH- conductivity and novel hydroxide ion exchange rate (HIER), which is related to the mass transport capacity of the OH- ions through the membrane. The effect of the chemical composition on its morphological and anion exchange properties was evaluated. It was expected that the usage of a commercial ionomer Fumion®, in the blended membranes would result in better features in the electrical/ionic conductivity behaviour. However, two of the membranes containing PEI exhibited a higher HIER and OH- conductivity than Fumion® membranes, and were excellent option for potential applications in AEMFC, considering their performance and the cost of Fumion®-based membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Javier Salazar-Gastelum
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Blvd. Alberto Limón Padilla, S/N Col. Otay Tecnológico, Tijuana 22510, Mexico
| | - Brenda Yazmin Garcia-Limon
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Blvd. Alberto Limón Padilla, S/N Col. Otay Tecnológico, Tijuana 22510, Mexico
| | - Shui Wai Lin
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Blvd. Alberto Limón Padilla, S/N Col. Otay Tecnológico, Tijuana 22510, Mexico
| | - Julio Cesar Calva-Yañez
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, CONACyT-Tecnológico Nacional de México, Blvd. Alberto Limón Padilla, S/N Col. Otay Tecnológico, Tijuana 22510, Mexico
| | - Arturo Zizumbo-Lopez
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Blvd. Alberto Limón Padilla, S/N Col. Otay Tecnológico, Tijuana 22510, Mexico
| | - Tatiana Romero-Castañón
- Instituto Nacional de Electricidad y Energías Limpias, Ave. Reforma 113 Col. Palmira, Cuernavaca 62490, Mexico
| | - Moises Israel Salazar-Gastelum
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Blvd. Alberto Limón Padilla, S/N Col. Otay Tecnológico, Tijuana 22510, Mexico
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Blvd. Alberto Limón Padilla, S/N Col. Otay Tecnológico, Tijuana 22510, Mexico
| | - Sergio Pérez-Sicairos
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Blvd. Alberto Limón Padilla, S/N Col. Otay Tecnológico, Tijuana 22510, Mexico
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8
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Das G, Choi JH, Nguyen PKT, Kim DJ, Yoon YS. Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Application: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1197. [PMID: 35335528 PMCID: PMC8955432 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fuel cell industry is the most promising industry in terms of the advancement of clean and safe technologies for sustainable energy generation. The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is divided into two parts: anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In the case of PEMFCs, high-power density was secured and research and development for commercialization have made significant progress. However, there are technical limitations and high-cost issues for the use of precious metal catalysts including Pt, the durability of catalysts, bipolar plates, and membranes, and the use of hydrogen to ensure system stability. On the contrary, AEMFCs have been used as low-platinum or non-platinum catalysts and have a low activation energy of oxygen reduction reaction, so many studies have been conducted to find alternatives to overcome the problems of PEMFCs in the last decade. At the core of ensuring the power density of AEMFCs is the anion exchange membrane (AEM) which is less durable and less conductive than the cation exchange membrane. AEMFCs are a promising technology that can solve the high-cost problem of PEMFCs that have reached technological saturation and overcome technical limitations. This review focuses on the various aspects of AEMs for AEMFCs application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Das
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Ji-Hyeok Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Dong-Joo Kim
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, 275 Wilmore Labs, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Young Soo Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
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Balkourani G, Damartzis T, Brouzgou A, Tsiakaras P. Cost Effective Synthesis of Graphene Nanomaterials for Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensors for Glucose: A Comprehensive Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:355. [PMID: 35009895 PMCID: PMC8749877 DOI: 10.3390/s22010355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The high conductivity of graphene material (or its derivatives) and its very large surface area enhance the direct electron transfer, improving non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors sensitivity and its other characteristics. The offered large pores facilitate analyte transport enabling glucose detection even at very low concentration values. In the current review paper we classified the enzymeless graphene-based glucose electrocatalysts' synthesis methods that have been followed into the last few years into four main categories: (i) direct growth of graphene (or oxides) on metallic substrates, (ii) in-situ growth of metallic nanoparticles into graphene (or oxides) matrix, (iii) laser-induced graphene electrodes and (iv) polymer functionalized graphene (or oxides) electrodes. The increment of the specific surface area and the high degree reduction of the electrode internal resistance were recognized as their common targets. Analyzing glucose electrooxidation mechanism over Cu- Co- and Ni-(oxide)/graphene (or derivative) electrocatalysts, we deduced that glucose electrochemical sensing properties, such as sensitivity, detection limit and linear detection limit, totally depend on the route of the mass and charge transport between metal(II)/metal(III); and so both (specific area and internal resistance) should have the optimum values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Balkourani
- Laboratory of Alternative Energy Conversion Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Thessaly, Pedion Areos, 38334 Volos, Greece;
| | - Theodoros Damartzis
- Industrial Processes and Energy Systems Engineering, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Sion, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Angeliki Brouzgou
- Department of Energy Systems, School of Technology, University of Thessaly, Geopolis, Regional Road Trikala-Larisa, 41500 Larisa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsiakaras
- Laboratory of Alternative Energy Conversion Systems, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Thessaly, Pedion Areos, 38334 Volos, Greece;
- Laboratory of Materials and Devices for Electrochemical Power Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Devices Based on Solid Oxide Proton Electrolytes, Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry (RAS), 620990 Yekaterinburg, Russia
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10
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Biancolli ALG, Bsoul-Haj S, Douglin JC, Barbosa AS, de Sousa RR, Rodrigues O, Lanfredi AJ, Dekel DR, Santiago EI. High-performance radiation grafted anion-exchange membranes for fuel cell applications: Effects of irradiation conditions on ETFE-based membranes properties. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Synthesis of Carbon-Supported PdIrNi Catalysts and Their Performance towards Ethanol Electrooxidation. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12111327. [PMID: 34832739 PMCID: PMC8618314 DOI: 10.3390/mi12111327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) have shown a high potential to supply energy and contribute to saving the climate due to their bioethanol sustainability and carbon neutrality. Nonetheless, there is a consistent need to develop new catalyst electrodes that are active for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). In this work, two C-supported PdIrNi catalysts, that have been reported only once, are prepared via a facile NaBH4 co-reduction route. Their physiochemical characterization (X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)) results show alloyed PdIrNi nanoparticles that are well dispersed (<3 nm) and exist in metallic state that is air-stable apart from Ni and, slightly, Pd. Their electrocatalytic activity towards EOR was evaluated by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). Even though the physiochemical characterization of PdIrNi/C and Pd4Ir2Ni1/C is promising, their EOR performance has proven them less active than their Pd/C counterpart. Although the oxidation current peak of Pd/C is 1.8 A/mgPd, it is only 0.48 A/mgPd for Pd4Ir2Ni1/C and 0.52 A/mgPd for PdIrNi/C. These results were obtained three times and are reproducible, but since they do not add up with the sound PdIrNi microstructure, more advanced and in situ EOR studies are necessary to better understand the poor EOR performance.
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12
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Carbon Monoxide Tolerant Pt-Based Electrocatalysts for H2-PEMFC Applications: Current Progress and Challenges. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11091127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity degradation of hydrogen-fed proton exchange membrane fuel cells (H2-PEMFCs) in the presence of even trace amounts of carbon monoxide (CO) in the H2 fuel is among the major drawbacks currently hindering their commercialization. Although significant progress has been made, the development of a practical anode electrocatalyst with both high CO tolerance and stability has still not occurred. Currently, efforts are being devoted to Pt-based electrocatalysts, including (i) alloys developed via novel synthesis methods, (ii) Pt combinations with metal oxides, (iii) core–shell structures, and (iv) surface-modified Pt/C catalysts. Additionally, the prospect of substituting the conventional carbon black support with advanced carbonaceous materials or metal oxides and carbides has been widely explored. In the present review, we provide a brief introduction to the fundamental aspects of CO tolerance, followed by a comprehensive presentation and thorough discussion of the recent strategies applied to enhance the CO tolerance and stability of anode electrocatalysts. The aim is to determine the progress made so far, highlight the most promising state-of-the-art CO-tolerant electrocatalysts, and identify the contributions of the novel strategies and the future challenges.
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13
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Elsheikh A, McGregor J. Synthesis and Characterization of PdAgNi/C Trimetallic Nanoparticles for Ethanol Electrooxidation. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092244. [PMID: 34578559 PMCID: PMC8469420 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The direct use of ethanol in fuel cells presents unprecedented economic, technical, and environmental opportunities in energy conversion. However, complex challenges need to be resolved. For instance, ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) requires breaking the rigid C–C bond and results in the generation of poisoning carbonaceous species. Therefore, new designs of the catalyst electrode are necessary. In this work, two trimetallic PdxAgyNiz/C samples are prepared using a facile borohydride reduction route. The catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and evaluated for EOR through cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The XRD patterns have shown a weak alloying potential between Pd, and Ag prepared through co-reduction technique. The catalysts prepared have generally shown enhanced performance compared to previously reported ones, suggesting that the applied synthesis may be suitable for catalyst mass production. Moreover, the addition of Ag and Ni has improved the Pd physiochemical properties and electrocatalytic performance towards EOR in addition to reducing cell fabrication costs. In addition to containing less Pd, The PdAgNi/C is the higher performing of the two trimetallic samples presenting a 2.7 A/mgPd oxidation current peak. The Pd4Ag2Ni1/C is higher performing in terms of its steady-state current density and electrochemical active surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elsheikh
- Mechanical Engineering Department, South Valley University, Qena 83511, Egypt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (J.M.)
| | - James McGregor
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (J.M.)
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14
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Wu X, Li X, Yan Y, Luo S, Huang J, Li J, Yang D, Zhang H. Facile Synthesis of Pd@PtM ( M = Rh, Ni, Pd, Cu) Multimetallic Nanorings as Efficient Catalysts for Ethanol Oxidation Reaction. Front Chem 2021; 9:683450. [PMID: 34095088 PMCID: PMC8170318 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.683450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pt-based multimetallic nanorings with a hollow structure are attractive as advanced catalysts due to their fantastic structure feature. However, the general method for the synthesis of such unique nanostructures is still lack. Here we report the synthesis of Pd@PtM (M = Rh, Ni, Pd, Cu) multimetallic nanorings by selective epitaxial growth of Pt alloyed shells on the periphery of Pd nanoplates in combination with oxidative etching of partial Pd in the interior. In situ generation of CO and benzoic acid arising from interfacial catalytic reactions between Pd nanoplates and benzaldehyde are critical to achieve high-quality Pt-based multimetallic nanorings. Specifically, the in-situ generated CO promotes the formation of Pt alloyed shells and their epitaxial growth on Pd nanoplates. In addition, the as-formed benzoic acid and residual oxygen are responsible for selective oxidative etching of partial Pd in the interior. When evaluated as electrocatalysts, the Pd@PtRh nanorings exhibit remarkably enhanced activity and stability for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) compared to the Pd@PtRh nanoplates and commercial Pt/C due to their hollow nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yucong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,BTR New Material Group CO., LTD., Shenzhen, China
| | - Sai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Hangzhou Innovation Center, Institute of Advanced Semiconductors, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Menshchikov VS, Belenov SV, Novomlinsky IN, Nikulin AY, Guterman VE. Multi-Component Platinum-Containing Electrocatalysts in the Reactions of Oxygen Reduction and Methanol Oxidation. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193521060070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Carbon-Supported Trimetallic Catalysts (PdAuNi/C) for Borohydride Oxidation Reaction. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061441. [PMID: 34072530 PMCID: PMC8228588 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of palladium-based trimetallic catalysts via a facile and scalable synthesis procedure was shown to yield highly promising materials for borohydride-based fuel cells, which are attractive for use in compact environments. This, thereby, provides a route to more environmentally friendly energy storage and generation systems. Carbon-supported trimetallic catalysts were herein prepared by three different routes: using a NaBH4-ethylene glycol complex (PdAuNi/CSBEG), a NaBH4-2-propanol complex (PdAuNi/CSBIPA), and a three-step route (PdAuNi/C3-step). Notably, PdAuNi/CSBIPA yielded highly dispersed trimetallic alloy particles, as determined by XRD, EDX, ICP-OES, XPS, and TEM. The activity of the catalysts for borohydride oxidation reaction was assessed by cyclic voltammetry and RDE-based procedures, with results referenced to a Pd/C catalyst. A number of exchanged electrons close to eight was obtained for PdAuNi/C3-step and PdAuNi/CSBIPA (7.4 and 7.1, respectively), while the others, PdAuNi/CSBEG and Pd/CSBIPA, presented lower values, 2.8 and 1.2, respectively. A direct borohydride-peroxide fuel cell employing PdAuNi/CSBIPA catalyst in the anode attained a power density of 47.5 mW cm−2 at room temperature, while the elevation of temperature to 75 °C led to an approximately four-fold increase in power density to 175 mW cm−2. Trimetallic catalysts prepared via this synthesis route have significant potential for future development.
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Palma L, Almeida T, de Andrade A. Comparative study of catalyst effect on ethanol electrooxidation in alkaline medium: Pt- and Pd-based catalysts containing Sn and Ru. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Superior ethanol electrooxidation activity of Pd supported on Ni(OH)2/C. The effect of Ni(OH)2 nanosheets content. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Pore-Filled Anion-Exchange Membranes with Double Cross-Linking Structure for Fuel Cells and Redox Flow Batteries. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13184761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, high-performance pore-filled anion-exchange membranes (PFAEMs) with double cross-linking structures have been successfully developed for application to promising electrochemical energy conversion systems, such as alkaline direct liquid fuel cells (ADLFCs) and vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). Specifically, two kinds of porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrates, with different hydrophilicities, were utilized for the membrane fabrication. The PTFE-based PFAEMs revealed, both excellent electrochemical characteristics, and chemical stability in harsh environments. It was proven that the use of a hydrophilic porous substrate is more desirable for the efficient power generation of ADLFCs, mainly owing to the facilitated transport of hydroxyl ions through the membrane, showing an excellent maximum power density of around 400 mW cm−2 at 60 °C. In the case of VRFB, however, the battery cell employing the hydrophobic PTFE-based PFAEM exhibited the highest energy efficiency (87%, cf. AMX = 82%) among the tested membranes, because the crossover rate of vanadium redox species through the membrane most significantly affects the VRFB efficiency. The results imply that the properties of a porous substrate for preparing the membranes should match the operating environment, for successful applications to electrochemical energy conversion processes.
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20
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Rahmani K, Habibi B. Electrofabrication of the Ternary NiCuFe Alloy Nanoparticles/ERGO Nanocomposite: Effective Electrooxidation of the Glucose and Glycerol in Alkaline Media. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Rahmani
- Electroanalytical Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesAzarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz 53714-161 Iran
| | - Biuck Habibi
- Electroanalytical Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesAzarbaijan Shahid Madani University Tabriz 53714-161 Iran
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21
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My Na O, Xuan Huynh NT, Thi PT, Chihaia V, Ngoc Son D. Mechanism and activity of the oxygen reduction reaction on WTe 2 transition metal dichalcogenide with Te vacancy. RSC Adv 2020; 10:8460-8469. [PMID: 35497819 PMCID: PMC9049967 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09809g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
WTe2 transition metal dichalcogenide is a promising candidate for the cathode of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. In this paper, we investigated the mechanism and activity of the oxygen reduction reaction on the monolayer of the WTe2 transition metal dichalcogenide with Te vacancy denoted as WTed 2. By using density functional theory calculations, we studied the reaction intermediates on the surface of WTed 2. The Gibbs free energy was calculated to clarify the thermodynamic properties of the reaction. We discovered that the ORR mechanisms are more favorable outside than inside the vacancy. The ORR activity was found to be comparable to that of the well-known transition metal electro-catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- O My Na
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Xuan Huynh
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Quy Nhon University Binh Dinh Province Vietnam
| | - Pham Tan Thi
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Viorel Chihaia
- Institude of Physical Chemistry "Ilie Murgulescu" of the Romanian Academy Splaiul Independentei 202, Sector 6 060021 Bucharest Romania
| | - Do Ngoc Son
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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22
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Müller J, Zhegur A, Krewer U, Varcoe JR, Dekel DR. Practical ex-Situ Technique To Measure the Chemical Stability of Anion-Exchange Membranes under Conditions Simulating the Fuel Cell Environment. ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2020; 2:168-173. [PMID: 32905244 PMCID: PMC7469134 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.9b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Anion-exchange membrane (AEM) degradation during fuel cell operation represents the main challenge that hampers the implementation of AEM fuel cells (AEMFCs). Reported degradation values of AEMs are difficult to reproduce as no standard methods are used. The present use of different techniques based on exposure of membranes to aqueous KOH solutions under different conditions and measuring different outputs during time does not allow for a reliable and meaningful comparison of reported degradation data of different AEMs. In this study, we present a practical and reproducible ex-situ technique to measure AEM degradation in conditions that mimic an operando fuel cell environment. In this novel technique, we measure the change of the true hydroxide conductivity of the AEM over time, while exposing it to different relative humidity conditions. The technique does not make use of liquid alkaline solution, thus simulating real fuel cell conditions and providing a good baseline for comparative degradation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Müller
- The
Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Institute
of Energy and Process Systems Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Avital Zhegur
- The
Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ulrike Krewer
- Institute
of Energy and Process Systems Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - John R. Varcoe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Dario R. Dekel
- The
Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- The
Nancy & Stephan Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- E-mail:
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23
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Effect of temperature on the ethanol electrooxidation at PtNirich@PtrichNi/C catalyst in acidic and alkaline media. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Electrochemical Characterization of Low-Temperature Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells using Direct and Alternate Current Methods. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-019-00559-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHere, we report for the first time the results of systematic characterization of a low-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane direct ethanol fuel cell using DC and AC electrochemical methods. Model catalysts (carbon supported Pt nanoparticles) painted on carbon paper are used as anode and cathode. Influence of physical parameters, such as cell temperature, current density, and ethanol concentration, and anode fuel flow rate on overall cell impedance is studied. Analysis of the obtained impedance spectra in connection with DC measurements allows us to comment on cell properties and to separate different contributions to the overall cell polarization. Our results suggest that the cell impedance is dominated by anode faradaic impedance, with a small or negligible contribution from cathode faradaic impedance. The anode impedance depends strongly on current density and cell temperature, but is not significantly influenced by ethanol concentration. Presence of anode mass-transfer impedance, even when ethanol was fed to the cell in high excess, is confirmed. Based on the results, we conclude that changes in ethanol electro-oxidation mechanism might manifest themselves on the impedance spectra in the low-frequency inductive loop. Nonetheless, further studies involving equivalent circuit modelling are needed to determine the exact influence of the cell parameters on the anode kinetics.
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25
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Arroyo‐Gómez JJ, Barrera D, Castagna RM, Sieben JM, Alvarez AE, Duarte MME, Sapag K. PtPdNi Catalysts Supported on Porous Carbon for Ethanol Electro‐oxidation. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José J. Arroyo‐Gómez
- Laboratorio de Sólidos Porosos (LabSoP) Instituto de Física Aplicada (INFAP-CONICET)Universidad Nacional de San Luis Av. Ejército de los Andes 950 5700 San Luis Argentina
| | - Deicy Barrera
- Laboratorio de Sólidos Porosos (LabSoP) Instituto de Física Aplicada (INFAP-CONICET)Universidad Nacional de San Luis Av. Ejército de los Andes 950 5700 San Luis Argentina
| | - Rodrigo M. Castagna
- Instituto de Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión (INIEC)Universidad Nacional del Sur Av. Alem 1253 8000 Bahía Blanca Argentina) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Sieben
- Instituto de Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión (INIEC)Universidad Nacional del Sur Av. Alem 1253 8000 Bahía Blanca Argentina) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (Argentina
| | - Andrea E. Alvarez
- Instituto de Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión (INIEC)Universidad Nacional del Sur Av. Alem 1253 8000 Bahía Blanca Argentina) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (Argentina
| | - Marta M. E Duarte
- Instituto de Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión (INIEC)Universidad Nacional del Sur Av. Alem 1253 8000 Bahía Blanca Argentina) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) (Argentina
| | - Karim Sapag
- Laboratorio de Sólidos Porosos (LabSoP) Instituto de Física Aplicada (INFAP-CONICET)Universidad Nacional de San Luis Av. Ejército de los Andes 950 5700 San Luis Argentina
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26
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Mattarozzi L, Cattarin S, Comisso N, Gerbasi R, Guerriero P, Musiani M, Vázquez-Gómez L. Preparation of compact and porous Pd-Ni alloys and study of their performances for ethanol oxidation in alkali. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Bai J, Liu D, Yang J, Chen Y. Nanocatalysts for Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Ethanol. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:2117-2132. [PMID: 30834720 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201803063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of ethanol as a fuel in direct alcohol fuel cells depends not only on its ease of production from renewable sources, but also on overcoming the challenges of storage and transportation. In an ethanol-based fuel cell, highly active electrocatalysts are required to break the C-C bond in ethanol for its complete oxidation at lower overpotentials, with the aim of increasing the cell performance, ethanol conversion rates, and fuel efficiency. In recent decades, the development of wet-chemistry methods has stimulated research into catalyst design, reactivity tailoring, and mechanistic investigations, and thus, created great opportunities to achieve efficient oxidation of ethanol. In this Minireview, the nanomaterials tested as electrocatalysts for the ethanol oxidation reaction in acid or alkaline environments are summarized. The focus is mainly on nanomaterials synthesized by using wet-chemistry methods, with particular attention on the relationship between the chemical and physical characteristics of the catalysts, for example, catalyst composition, morphology, structure, degree of alloying, presence of oxides or supports, and their activity for ethanol electro-oxidation. As potential alternatives to noble metals, non-noble-metal catalysts for ethanol oxidation are also briefly reviewed. Insights into further enhancing the catalytic performance through the design of efficient electrocatalysts are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of, Education), Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, PR China
| | - Danye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering Address, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering Address, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of, Education), Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, PR China
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28
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Chen W, Zhang Y, Zhu Z. Effects of Cerium Oxides on the Catalytic Performance of Pd/CNT for Methanol Oxidation. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-8097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Elsheikh A, Martins VL, McGregor J. Influence of physicochemical characteristics of carbon supports on Pd ethanol oxidation catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Zhang B, Long H, Kaspar RB, Wang J, Gu S, Zhuang Z, Pivovar B, Yan Y. Relating alkaline stability to the structure of quaternary phosphonium cations. RSC Adv 2018; 8:26640-26645. [PMID: 35547560 PMCID: PMC9086583 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03440k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkali-stable quaternary phosphonium (QP) is a type of cationic group for hydroxide exchange membranes (HEMs). To elucidate the relationship between structure and alkaline stability, we investigated the kinetics and degradation mechanism of a series of QP cations by both experiment and computation, and established a semi-empirical formula based on the Taft equation to directly estimate alkaline stability of QP cations from the 31P NMR chemical shift δ and the steric substituent constant E s, facilitating the search for QP cations with improved alkaline stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Hai Long
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, MS ESIF302 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden Colorado 80401 USA
| | - Robert B Kaspar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Junhua Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Shuang Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University Wichita KS 67260 USA
| | - Zhongbin Zhuang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Bryan Pivovar
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, MS ESIF302 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden Colorado 80401 USA
| | - Yushan Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
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31
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Karuppasamy L, Chen CY, Anandan S, Wu JJ. Sonochemical fabrication of reduced graphene oxide supported Au nano dendrites for ethanol electrooxidation in alkaline medium. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Zhao Y, Yuan X, Xu Y, Yang D, Chen L, Liu Q, Cao M, Wu L, Pan Q, Zhang Q. Colloidal Synthesis of Au@Pd Core–Shell Nanorods with Tunable Dimensions and Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activities. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-0956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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33
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Kim SM, Lee SY. The plasma-induced formation of silver nanocrystals in aqueous solution and their catalytic activity for oxygen reduction. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:085602. [PMID: 29283110 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaa443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ag nanocrystals with different architectures are synthesized using a submerged plasma discharge without the involvement of any chemicals. The Ag architecture relies on the electron density in the plasma that could enable the Ag ions to be reduced instantaneously to generate a large number of small Ag nanoparticles. With a low electron density of 7.1 × 10-22 m-3, the Ag nanowires with a corrugated structure induced by twinning and stacking faults are formed along the entire longitudinal 〈111〉 direction. However, with a high electron density 13.7 × 10-22 m-3, the Ag nanodendrites are constructed with a defect-free structure. Due to the unique structure composed of twins and stacking faults, the Ag nanowires show a specific current density that is 2.7 times higher than the Ag nanodendrites towards the oxygen reduction reaction. This work not only suggests a synthetic route to the formation of nanowires with structural defects but also offers a rational design of electrocatalysts with enhanced catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Kim
- Surface R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
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34
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Abdel Hameed R. Enhanced ethanol electro-oxidation reaction on carbon supported Pd-metal oxide electrocatalysts. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 505:230-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Moura Souza F, Parreira LS, Hammer P, Batista BL, Santos MC. Niobium: a promising Pd co-electrocatalyst for ethanol electrooxidation reactions. J Solid State Electrochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Advanced Materials in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10101163. [PMID: 28994709 PMCID: PMC5666969 DOI: 10.3390/ma10101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Huang W, Ma XY, Wang H, Feng R, Zhou J, Duchesne PN, Zhang P, Chen F, Han N, Zhao F, Zhou J, Cai WB, Li Y. Promoting Effect of Ni(OH) 2 on Palladium Nanocrystals Leads to Greatly Improved Operation Durability for Electrocatalytic Ethanol Oxidation in Alkaline Solution. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28762572 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Most electrocatalysts for the ethanol oxidation reaction suffer from extremely limited operational durability and poor selectivity toward the CC bond cleavage. In spite of tremendous efforts over the past several decades, little progress has been made in this regard. This study reports the remarkable promoting effect of Ni(OH)2 on Pd nanocrystals for electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation reaction in alkaline solution. A hybrid electrocatalyst consisting of intimately mixed nanosized Pd particles, defective Ni(OH)2 nanoflakes, and a graphene support is prepared via a two-step solution method. The optimal product exhibits a high mass-specific peak current of >1500 mA mg-1Pd , and excellent operational durability forms both cycling and chronoamperometric measurements in alkaline solution. Most impressively, this hybrid catalyst retains a mass-specific current of 440 mA mg-1 even after 20 000 s of chronoamperometric testing, and its original activity can be regenerated via simple cyclic voltammetry cycles in clean KOH. This great catalyst durability is understood based on both CO stripping and in situ attenuated total reflection infrared experiments suggesting that the presence of Ni(OH)2 alleviates the poisoning of Pd nanocrystals by carbonaceous intermediates. The incorporation of Ni(OH)2 also markedly shifts the reaction selectivity from the originally predominant C2 pathway toward the more desirable C1 pathway, even at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xian-Yin Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Han Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Renfei Feng
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X4, Canada
| | - Jigang Zhou
- Canadian Light Source Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X4, Canada
| | - Paul N Duchesne
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Fengjiao Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Na Han
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Feipeng Zhao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Junhua Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wen-Bin Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanguang Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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38
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Kabir S, Serov A, Artyushkova K, Atanassov P. Nitrogen-Doped Three-Dimensional Graphene-Supported Palladium Nanocomposites: High-Performance Cathode Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reactions. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Kabir
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Center for Micro-Engineered Materials (CMEM), The University of New Mexico, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Alexey Serov
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Center for Micro-Engineered Materials (CMEM), The University of New Mexico, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Kateryna Artyushkova
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Center for Micro-Engineered Materials (CMEM), The University of New Mexico, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Plamen Atanassov
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Center for Micro-Engineered Materials (CMEM), The University of New Mexico, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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Highly active platinum nanoparticles supported by nitrogen/sulfur functionalized graphene composite for ethanol electro-oxidation. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kanninen P, Borghei M, Hakanpää J, Kauppinen EI, Ruiz V, Kallio T. Temperature dependent performance and catalyst layer properties of PtRu supported on modified few-walled carbon nanotubes for the alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Simple synthesis of Pt-Ag/SnO2-C for use as a catalyst of methanol oxidation in alkaline media. J Solid State Electrochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pérez AE, Ribadeneira R. Use of chemical descriptors approach and DFT to analyze the C C bond cleavage on Pt 3 Re 1 alloy in the ethanol oxidation reaction for fuel cells. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Alvarenga GM, Coutinho Gallo IB, Villullas HM. Enhancement of ethanol oxidation on Pd nanoparticles supported on carbon-antimony tin oxide hybrids unveils the relevance of electronic effects. J Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Benyamin MS, Jahnke JP, Mackie DM. Vapor-fed bio-hybrid fuel cell. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:68. [PMID: 28331544 PMCID: PMC5356349 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0755-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concentration and purification of ethanol and other biofuels from fermentations are energy-intensive processes, with amplified costs at smaller scales. To circumvent the need for these processes, and to potentially reduce transportation costs as well, we have previously investigated bio-hybrid fuel cells (FCs), in which a fermentation and FC are closely coupled. However, long-term operation requires strictly preventing the fermentation and FC from harming each other. We introduce here the concept of the vapor-fed bio-hybrid FC as a means of continuously extracting power from ongoing fermentations at ambient conditions. By bubbling a carrier gas (N2) through a yeast fermentation and then through a direct ethanol FC, we protect the FC anode from the catalyst poisons in the fermentation (which are non-volatile), and also protect the yeast from harmful FC products (notably acetic acid) and from build-up of ethanol. RESULTS Since vapor-fed direct ethanol FCs at ambient conditions have never been systematically characterized (in contrast to vapor-fed direct methanol FCs), we first assess the effects on output power and conversion efficiency of ethanol concentration, vapor flow rate, and FC voltage. The results fit a continuous stirred-tank reactor model. Over a wide range of ethanol partial pressures (2-8 mmHg), power densities are comparable to those for liquid-fed direct ethanol FCs at the same temperature, with power densities >2 mW/cm2 obtained. We then demonstrate the continuous operation of a vapor-fed bio-hybrid FC with fermentation for 5 months, with no indication of performance degradation due to poisoning (of either the FC or the fermentation). It is further shown that the system is stable, recovering quickly from disturbances or from interruptions in maintenance. CONCLUSIONS The vapor-fed bio-hybrid FC enables extraction of power from dilute bio-ethanol streams without costly concentration and purification steps. The concept should be scalable to both large and small operations and should be generalizable to other biofuels and waste-to-energy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justin P. Jahnke
- Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, MD 20740 USA
| | - David M. Mackie
- Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, MD 20740 USA
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In Situ Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Study of the Electrocatalytic Effect of PtFe/C Nanocatalyst on Ethanol Electro-Oxidation in Alkaline Medium. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pagliaro MV, Bellini M, Bevilacqua M, Filippi J, Folliero MG, Marchionni A, Miller HA, Oberhauser W, Caporali S, Innocenti M, Vizza F. Carbon supported Rh nanoparticles for the production of hydrogen and chemicals by the electroreforming of biomass-derived alcohols. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00044h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An electrolyzer assembled with a Rh/C nanostructured anode electrode, promotes the partial oxidation of alcohols and high-purity hydrogen evolution in alkaline media at low energy input.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Massimo Innocenti
- CNR-ICCOM
- Sesto Fiorentino (FI)
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università di Firenze
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Non-Precious Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media: Latest Achievements on Novel Carbon Materials. Catalysts 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/catal6100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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