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MacGowan TL, Mirabelli J, Obhi SS, Schmidt LA. Observed shyness leads to more automatic imitation in early childhood. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22272. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.22272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taigan L. MacGowan
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - James Mirabelli
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Sukhvinder S. Obhi
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Louis A. Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
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Lloyd-Esenkaya V, Forrest CL, Jordan A, Russell AJ, Clair MCS. What is the nature of peer interactions in children with language disorders? A qualitative study of parent and practitioner views. AUTISM & DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENTS 2021; 6:23969415211005307. [PMID: 36381529 PMCID: PMC9620689 DOI: 10.1177/23969415211005307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Children with Language Disorders (LDs) can exhibit increased levels of social withdrawal, aggression and problems managing social conflicts. The reasons underlying this pattern of social interaction profiles remain unclear. This qualitative study aimed to document the nature of social interactions between children with LDs and their peers, and to evaluate explanations for their social behaviour, as understood by parents and practitioners. METHODS This study focused on children with LDs who spend school hours with other children with LDs. Three parent focus groups (n = 8) and three practitioner focus groups (n = 10) were conducted with parents of children aged 4-12 attending specialist language schools and practitioners working at these schools. This was a mixed clinical sample. All children of participating parents had LD as their primary area of need, which was the reason they required specialist schooling. Focus groups were conducted across two specialist schools in the UK between March and June 2018. RESULTS An inductive reflective thematic analysis of the data identified three themes; social knowledge, coping strategies, and emotional competence. Parents and school staff reported that children with LDs experience difficulties managing peer interactions due to a combination of challenges including difficulties with understanding and regulating emotions, and difficulties understanding social situations. Some of the children with LDs were described as having developed strategies to cope with their challenges, for example imposing structure on their social interactions to manage uncertainty, which has implications for their social interactions with peers. CONCLUSIONS Children with LDs have difficulties understanding emotions, difficulties understanding their peer's intentions and difficulties resolving conflict situations independently according to their parents and practitioners working with these children. Participants proposed a novel explanation that social withdrawal may be used adaptively by children with LDs to process information. This study demonstrates the complexity of the relationship between Language Disorders and peer interaction profiles.Implications: Suggestions are offered regarding future research directions, such as investigating the specific contribution language skills make to children's emotion understanding, to better understand the reasons for peer interaction difficulties in children with Language Disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire L Forrest
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, London, UK
| | - Abbie Jordan
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Poole KL, Schmidt LA. Early‐ and later‐developing shyness in children: An investigation of biological and behavioral correlates. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 62:644-656. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristie L. Poole
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Louis A. Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
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Kertz SJ, Sylvester C, Tillman R, Luby JL. Latent Class Profiles of Anxiety Symptom Trajectories From Preschool Through School Age. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2019; 48:316-331. [PMID: 28318338 PMCID: PMC5607092 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2017.1295380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety typically arises early in childhood and decreases during school age. However, little is known about the earlier developmental course of anxiety in preschool, especially in at risk children, posing a clinically important problem. Given that anxiety in youth has a chronic course for some and also predicts later development of other mental health problems, it is important to identify factors early in development that may predict chronic anxiety symptoms. At-risk children (oversampled for depression) and caregivers completed 6 assessment waves beginning at preschool age (between 3-5.11 years of age) up through 6.5 years later. Growth mixture models revealed 4 distinct trajectories: 2 stable groups (high and moderate) and 2 decreasing groups (high and low). Important to note, the high stable anxiety group had greater baseline depression and social adversity/risk, higher average maternal depression over time, and poorer average social functioning over time compared to the high decreasing group. The high decreasing group also had greater externalizing/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder scores than the low decreasing group. Children with anxiety in early childhood who also experience high depression, social adversity/risk, maternal depression, and poor social functioning may be at risk for chronic symptoms over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Kertz
- a Department of Psychology , Southern Illinois University-Carbondale
| | - Chad Sylvester
- b Department of Psychiatry , Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Rebecca Tillman
- b Department of Psychiatry , Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Joan L Luby
- b Department of Psychiatry , Washington University School of Medicine
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Forrest LN, Bodell LP, Witte TK, Goodwin N, Bartlett ML, Siegfried N, Eddy KT, Thomas JJ, Franko DL, Smith AR. Associations between eating disorder symptoms and suicidal ideation through thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness among eating disorder patients. J Affect Disord 2016; 195:127-35. [PMID: 26895090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation is relatively common among people with eating disorders (EDs). The Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide holds that suicidal ideation has two proximal causes: thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. It is unknown which ED symptoms are positively associated with suicidal ideation, and whether thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness explain those associations. METHOD We tested two parallel mediation models to determine whether current and lifetime ED symptoms were positively related to suicidal ideation through thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness among ED patients (n=98), controlling for current depression. In each model, ED symptoms and depression were predictors, thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness were mediators, and suicidal ideation was the outcome. RESULTS The first model included current symptoms; current body dissatisfaction (ab=0.04, 95% CI [0.01, 0.06]) and fasting (ab=0.12, 95% CI [0.01, 0.22]) were indirectly related to increased suicidal ideation through higher burdensomeness, controlling for depression. The second model included lifetime symptoms; lifetime fasting (ab=0.18, 95% CI [0.07, 0.29]) was indirectly related to increased suicidal ideation through higher burdensomeness, controlling for depression. LIMITATIONS The sample size prevented the use of latent variables for thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, and the cross-sectional data prevented testing for bidirectional relations among ED symptoms, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS Results underscore the importance of exploring transdiagnostic ED symptoms, including body dissatisfaction and fasting in particular, that may intensify burdensomeness and thereby contribute to suicidal ideation over and above depressive symptoms in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N Forrest
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, 90 N. Patterson Dr., Oxford, OH 45056, United States
| | - Lindsay P Bodell
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, M240 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Tracy K Witte
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, 226 Thach Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, United States
| | - Natalie Goodwin
- Eating Recovery Center of Washington, 1231 116th Ave NE, Bellevue, WA 98004, United States
| | - Mary L Bartlett
- Castlewood Treatment Center, 2807 Greystone Commercial Blvd #36, Birmingham, AL 35242, United States
| | - Nicole Siegfried
- Castlewood Treatment Center, 2807 Greystone Commercial Blvd #36, Birmingham, AL 35242, United States
| | - Kamryn T Eddy
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, 2 Longfellow Place, Suite 200, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jennifer J Thomas
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, 2 Longfellow Place, Suite 200, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Debra L Franko
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, 2 Longfellow Place, Suite 200, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Bouvé College of Health Sciences and Department of Counseling and Applied Educational Psychology, Northeastern University, 123 Behrakis Health Sciences Center, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - April R Smith
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, 90 N. Patterson Dr., Oxford, OH 45056, United States.
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