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Politte-Corn M, Dickey L, Abitante G, Pegg S, Bean CAL, Kujawa A. Social Media Use as a Predictor of Positive and Negative Affect: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study of Adolescents with and without Clinical Depression. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:743-755. [PMID: 38376716 PMCID: PMC11062812 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Social media use is common in adolescents, with implications for psychosocial development and the emergence of depression. Yet, little is known about the time-linked connections between social media use and adolescents' affective experiences and how they may differ between depressed and non-depressed youth. We leveraged ecological momentary assessment in adolescents oversampled for current depression to examine (1) associations between social media use and concurrent and later positive and negative affect and (2) sex and presence of a depressive disorder as moderators of these associations. Adolescents aged 14-17 with (n = 48) and without (n = 97) clinical depression, as indicated via clinical interview, reported momentary social media use and positive and negative affect seven times per day for one week. Multilevel modeling indicated that social media use was associated with reduced positive affect both concurrently and at the next assessment. Further, among clinically depressed youth only, social media use was associated with reduced negative affect at the next assessment. Results suggest that social media use may reduce both positive and negative affect, highlighting the nuanced relation between adolescent social media use and emotional health and laying the groundwork for future research to address several open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Politte-Corn
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, Mail: 140 Moore Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Lindsay Dickey
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - George Abitante
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samantha Pegg
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christian A L Bean
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Mazereel V, Vansteelandt K, Menne-Lothmann C, Decoster J, Derom C, Thiery E, Rutten BPF, Jacobs N, van Os J, Wichers M, De Hert M, Vancampfort D, van Winkel R. Associations between childhood adversity, psychiatric symptoms, and self-esteem outcomes in adolescents and young adults: An experience sampling study. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:127-143. [PMID: 37800666 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Self-esteem and self-esteem stability are important factors during adolescence and young adulthood that can be negatively impacted by childhood adversity and psychiatric symptoms. We examined whether childhood adversity and psychiatric symptoms are associated with decreased global self-esteem as well as increased self-esteem instability as measured with experience sampling method. In addition, we examined if childhood adversity moderates the association between psychiatric symptoms and self-esteem outcomes. METHODS Our study consisted of 788 adolescents and young adults who were part of a twin pair. The twin structure was not of interest to the current study. Mean age was 16.8 (SD = 2.38, range: 14-25), 42% was male. We used a multilevel modeling approach to examine our hypotheses to account for the presence of twins in the data set. RESULTS Childhood adversity and psychiatric symptoms were negatively associated with global self-esteem (respectively standardized β = -.18, SE = 0.04, p < .0001 and standardized β = -.45, SE = 0.04, p < .0001), with a larger effect for psychiatric symptoms. Similarly, both were associated with increased self-esteem instability (respectively standardized β = .076, SE = 0.025, p = .002 and standardized β = .11, SE = 0.021, p < .0001). In addition, interactions between childhood adversity and psychiatric symptoms on both global self-esteem (standardized β = .06, SE = 0.01, p < .0001) and self-esteem instability (standardized β = -.002, SE = 0.0006, p = .001) were found, showing that the negative association of psychiatric symptoms with self-esteem outcomes is less pronounced in young people with higher levels of childhood adversity, or formulated differently, is more pronounced in young people with little or no exposure to childhood adversity. CONCLUSION Global self-esteem and self-esteem instability in young people are influenced by both current psychiatric symptomatology and exposure to childhood adversity. Those with more psychiatric symptoms show worse self-esteem and higher self-esteem instability, which is moderated by childhood adversity. For young people with high childhood adversity levels lower self-esteem and higher self-esteem instability are less influenced by reductions in psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Mazereel
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Claudia Menne-Lothmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Decoster
- University Psychiatric Centre Sint-Kamillus, Bierbeek, Belgium
| | - Catherine Derom
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evert Thiery
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nele Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Psychology, Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's Health Partners, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Wichers
- University Medical Center Groningen, University Center Psychiatry (UCP) Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc De Hert
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Antwerp Health Law and Ethics Chair-AHLEC University Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruud van Winkel
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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A mediated moderation model of negative life events, self-esteem, rumination and parental divorce on depression among Chinese juvenile delinquents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1793. [PMID: 36720911 PMCID: PMC9889766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Little attention was paid to the prevalence of depression in Chinese juvenile delinquents who are studied in correctional work-study schools. Hence, the present study aimed to test the unique, mediating and moderating effects of negative life events, self-esteem, rumination and parental divorce on depression among Chinese juvenile delinquents. A total of 236 juvenile delinquents aged between 12 and 17 years old (M = 14.68 SD = 1.30) were recruited to accomplish a battery of self-report questionnaires concerning their negative life events, self-esteem, rumination, depression and demographic profile. The descriptive analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between negative life events and depression in Chinese juvenile delinquents. Moreover, the results from the structural model indicated that self-esteem and rumination played separate and sequential mediating roles between negative life events and depression. In addition, parental divorce had a moderating effect between negative life events and self-esteem in the model. These results suggest that the prevalence of depression among Chinese juvenile delinquents can be reduced through modification of the ruminative way of thinking, improving their self-esteem when they encounter a number of negative life events. Furthermore, more attention should be paid to the juvenile delinquents who experienced parental divorce.
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Azizabadi Z, Aminisani N, Emamian MH. Socioeconomic inequality in depression and anxiety and its determinants in Iranian older adults. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:761. [PMID: 36471352 PMCID: PMC9721087 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults with lower socioeconomic status are more vulnerable to stressful life events and at increased risk of common mental health disorders like anxiety and depression. This study investigates the socioeconomic inequality in depressive symptoms and anxiety. METHODS The data were from 7462 participants of the Neyshabur longitudinal study of ageing registered during 2016-2018. The outcome variables were anxiety and depressive symptoms. Anxiety was defined by the "Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale Questionnaire", and depressive symptoms was defined and measured by the "short-term form of the Epidemiological Center Questionnaire." The socioeconomic status was defined using principal component analysis of home assets. The Concentration Index (C) was used to measure socioeconomic inequality in anxiety and depressive symptoms. Concentration index was decomposed to its determinants to determine the role of the independent variables on inequality. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms and anxiety was 12.2% (95% CI: 11.4, 12.9) and 7.0% (95% CI: 6.4, 7.5), respectively. Moreover, the C for anxiety was -0.195 (95% CI: -0.254, -0.136) and for depressive symptoms was -0.206 (95% CI: -0.252, -0.159), which indicate a considerable inequality in favor of high socioeconomic group for anxiety and depressive symptoms. Decomposition of the concentration Index showed that education, unemployment and male sex were the most important positive contributors to the observed inequality in anxiety and depressive symptoms, while age and number of grandchildren were main negative contributors of this inequality. CONCLUSION Low socioeconomic groups were more affected by anxiety and depressive symptoms. Any intervention for alleviation of inequality in anxiety and depression should be focus on education and employment of people, especially in younger elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Azizabadi
- grid.444858.10000 0004 0384 8816Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Nayyereh Aminisani
- grid.502998.f0000 0004 0550 3395Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Emamian
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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Mora F, Alvarez-Mon MA, Fernandez-Rojo S, Ortega MA, Felix-Alcantara MP, Morales-Gil I, Rodriguez-Quiroga A, Alvarez-Mon M, Quintero J. Psychosocial Factors in Adolescence and Risk of Development of Eating Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071481. [PMID: 35406094 PMCID: PMC9002868 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: current findings in the etiopathogenesis of eating disorders (ED) do not allow the formulation of a unique causal model. Currently, the main hypotheses about the etiopathogenesis are based on a multifactorial approach, considering both genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between sociodemographic and behavioral factors, as well as self-esteem, in students of the first cycle of middle school and the probability of belonging to the risk group of eating disorders (ED) measured through the EAT-26 scale. Methods: The study target population consists of students of the first cycle of middle school. The instruments applied to the population consisted in: (1) a survey of sociodemographic data and behavioral variables; (2) Rosenberg’s self-esteem test; and (3) EAT Test (Eating Attitudes Test 26). Results: Of a total of 656 students belonging to eight educational centers in Madrid who were offered to participate in the study, 88.6% (n = 579) answered the whole questionnaire. The mean age of the participants was 13.7 years old. Of the participating adolescents, 57.3% were male and the remaining 42.7% (n = 260) were female. A significant relationship was observed between self-esteem and belonging to an ED risk group, with an OR = 0.910 (CI 95% 0.878−0.943). Hence, each one-point increase on the self-esteem dimension decreased the risk of belonging to an ED risk group by 9.5%. In the variables considered in the area of dysfunctional feeding patterns, the variables ‘number of meals’ (p < 0.01), ‘dieting’ (p < 0.01), and ‘drug consumption to lose weight’ (p < 0.01) were found to be related to the risk of belonging to the ED group. Conclusions: The results obtained in our research can help to establish explanatory models that include the understanding of the interaction of the different factors that influence the appearance and development of EDs. Therefore, these should be taken into consideration when developing ED preventive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Mora
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (M.P.F.-A.); (A.R.-Q.); (J.Q.)
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (M.P.F.-A.); (A.R.-Q.); (J.Q.)
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sonia Fernandez-Rojo
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (M.P.F.-A.); (A.R.-Q.); (J.Q.)
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Miriam P. Felix-Alcantara
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (M.P.F.-A.); (A.R.-Q.); (J.Q.)
| | | | - Alberto Rodriguez-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (M.P.F.-A.); (A.R.-Q.); (J.Q.)
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Alcala, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain;
| | - Javier Quintero
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, 28031 Madrid, Spain; (F.M.); (S.F.-R.); (M.P.F.-A.); (A.R.-Q.); (J.Q.)
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Psikids, 28002 Madrid, Spain;
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