1
|
Girard LC, Bøe T, Nilsen SA, Askeland KG, Hysing M. Developmental trajectories of conduct problems and time-varying peer problems: the Bergen child study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02644-y. [PMID: 38429538 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02644-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While it is increasingly acknowledged that conduct problems and peer problems often co-occur in development, less is known about the ways in which peer problems may alter the developmental course of conduct problems for distinct subgroups. METHODS Using data from a large population-based study in Norway (the Bergen Child Study/youth@hordaland; 47.4% males), we estimated group-based trajectories of conduct problems and the presence of time-varying peer problems on the developmental progression of conduct problems between seven and 19 years of age. Risk factors for group membership were also examined. RESULTS A 3-group model of conduct problems best fit the data (non-engagers, low-engagers, moderate-stable). The presence of peer problems increased the estimated level of conduct problems for both the low-engagers and moderate-stable groups across adolescence. No differences in conduct problems were observed when peer problems were present in childhood or preadolescence for these two groups, nor for the non-engagers group at any point. Being male, having lower perceived economic wellbeing, and lower levels of parental education predicted group membership for the moderate-stable group, whilst lower paternal education predicted membership for the low-engagers group. CONCLUSIONS Support for developmental 'turning points' was found, suggesting that adolescence is a particularly salient time for those with conduct problems. In particular, the presence of peer problems can increase observed conduct problems at this stage in development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Christine Girard
- Department of Special Needs Education, University of Oslo, Sem Saerlands vei Helga Engshus, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tormod Bøe
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sondre Aasen Nilsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin Gärtner Askeland
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ross HMA, Girard LC. Joint Developmental Trajectories of Conduct Problems and Hyperactivity/Inattention: Antecedent Risk Markers for Group Membership. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01614-w. [PMID: 37914982 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01614-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated joint trajectories of conduct problems and hyperactivity/inattention from age three to nine in a cohort of 7,507 children in Ireland (50.3% males; 84.9% Irish). The parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to collect information on conduct problems (CP) and hyperactivity/inattention (HI). Information regarding risk markers was collected when participants were nine-months-old via parent report and standardised assessments. Using a person-centred approach (i.e., group-based multi trajectory modelling), six trajectories were identified: no CP/low HI, low-stable CP/HI, low-declining CP/stable HI, desisting co-occurring CP/HI, pure-increasing HI, and high chronic co-occurring CP/HI. Specific risk markers for group membership included: male sex; birth complications; perceived difficult temperament; lower primary caregiver age and education level, and higher stress level; prenatal exposure to smoking, and indicators of lower socioeconomic status. Primary caregiver-child bonding and having siblings were protective markers against membership in elevated groups. Results suggest support for both 'pure' HI and co-occurring trajectories of CP and HI emerging in toddlerhood. However, no support was found for a 'pure' CP trajectory, which may support the suggestion that children on a persistent CP trajectory will have coexisting HI. Intervention efforts may benefit from starting early in life and targeting multiple risk markers in families with fewer resources.
Collapse
|
3
|
Girard LC, Okolikj M. Trajectories of Mental Health Problems in Childhood and Adult Voting Behaviour: Evidence from the 1970s British Cohort Study. POLITICAL BEHAVIOR 2023:1-24. [PMID: 36713267 PMCID: PMC9862212 DOI: 10.1007/s11109-022-09852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The link between childhood mental health difficulties such as conduct problems and adult political abstention has been overlooked despite early mental health difficulties potentially resulting in political self-marginalisation. Using the1970s British Cohort Study, we estimate developmental trajectories of conduct problems (i.e., from 5 to 16 years). Logistic regression, linear probability models, and propensity score matching were then conducted to test the association between trajectory group membership and voter turnout at 30, 42, and 46 years of age. Three distinct trajectories of conduct problems were identified: a normative (n = 11,871; reference group), moderate-chronic (n = 3433), and elevated-chronic (n = 250) group. Results revealed an association between conduct problems and decreased turnout. In particular the elevated-chronic group had a decreased odds of voting of 52.2%, 52.0%, and 45.7%, as compared to the normative group at 30, 42, and 46 years respectively. The moderate-chronic group had a decreased odds of voting of 24.7% as compared to the normative group at age 30 only. Matched results and linear probability models substantiated findings, suggesting (1) the importance of considering childhood factors when examining antecedents of lifelong voting behaviour, and (2) the political self-marginalisation of people with chronic childhood conduct problems more than 3 decades later. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11109-022-09852-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Christine Girard
- School of Health in Social Science, Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Present Address: Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Martin Okolikj
- Department of Comparative Politics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morales MF, MacBeth A, Swartzman S, Girard LC. Multi-Trajectories of Conduct Problems, Hyperactivity/Inattention, and Peer Problems Across Childhood: Results from the Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023. [PMID: 35920956 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00956-8/tables/5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Using a person-centred approach, this study inspected multi-trajectories of conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention and peer problems, and associated risk factors for group membership. The sample included 3,578 children (50.8% males) from a population birth cohort in Scotland (Growing Up in Scotland). The parental version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used when children were 4, 5, 6, 7, and 10 years old. Antecedent factors at the perinatal, child, and family levels were collected using parental reports, observation, and standardised assessments at 10, 24, and 36 months. A group-based multi-trajectory analysis was employed. Findings showed that a six-group model best fit the data. Identified groups included non-engagers, normative, decreasing externalising/low peer problems, low externalising/moderate peer problems, moderate externalising/increasing peer problems and multimorbid moderate-high chronic. Findings suggest multimorbidity between externalising behaviours and peer problems in the more elevated groups. Two common protective factors emerged across all groups: caregiver mental health and parent-infant attachment. Identified risk factors were specific to group membership. Risk factors for the most elevated group included single-parent status, social deprivation, previous neonatal intensive care unit admission, child sex, whilst children's expressive language was a protective factor. Taken together, findings contribute to the emerging literature modelling trajectories of externalising behaviours and peer problems simultaneously and have important practical implications for prevention of problems in childhood, by identifying targets at the perinatal, child, and family levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Francisca Morales
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Medical School (Doorway 6), Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK.
| | - Angus MacBeth
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Medical School (Doorway 6), Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Samantha Swartzman
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Medical School (Doorway 6), Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Lisa-Christine Girard
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Medical School (Doorway 6), Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Multi-Trajectories of Conduct Problems, Hyperactivity/Inattention, and Peer Problems Across Childhood: Results from the Growing Up in Scotland Birth Cohort. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:55-69. [PMID: 35920956 PMCID: PMC9763152 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Using a person-centred approach, this study inspected multi-trajectories of conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention and peer problems, and associated risk factors for group membership. The sample included 3,578 children (50.8% males) from a population birth cohort in Scotland (Growing Up in Scotland). The parental version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used when children were 4, 5, 6, 7, and 10 years old. Antecedent factors at the perinatal, child, and family levels were collected using parental reports, observation, and standardised assessments at 10, 24, and 36 months. A group-based multi-trajectory analysis was employed. Findings showed that a six-group model best fit the data. Identified groups included non-engagers, normative, decreasing externalising/low peer problems, low externalising/moderate peer problems, moderate externalising/increasing peer problems and multimorbid moderate-high chronic. Findings suggest multimorbidity between externalising behaviours and peer problems in the more elevated groups. Two common protective factors emerged across all groups: caregiver mental health and parent-infant attachment. Identified risk factors were specific to group membership. Risk factors for the most elevated group included single-parent status, social deprivation, previous neonatal intensive care unit admission, child sex, whilst children's expressive language was a protective factor. Taken together, findings contribute to the emerging literature modelling trajectories of externalising behaviours and peer problems simultaneously and have important practical implications for prevention of problems in childhood, by identifying targets at the perinatal, child, and family levels.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yue X, Liu L, Chen W, Preece DA, Liu Q, Li H, Wang Y, Qian Q. Affective-cognitive-behavioral heterogeneity of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Emotional dysregulation as a sentinel symptom differentiating "ADHD-simplex" and "ADHD-complex" syndromes? J Affect Disord 2022; 307:133-141. [PMID: 35367500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current DSM and ICD classifications of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) exclude emotional dysregulation (ED) in their diagnostic criteria, despite ED symptoms frequently co-occurring in ADHD and likely sharing common neurobiological substrates. In this study, we examined whether consideration of ED symptoms could delineate more informative "ADHD+ED" subphenotypes. METHOD 4106 children with ADHD were recruited. ED and inattentive (IA) and hyperactive/impulsive (HI) symptoms were profiled using latent class analyses (LCA). The derived latent class (LC) subphenotypes were evaluated and validated in relation to comorbidity patterns, executive functions, and functional impairments. RESULTS Five LC subphenotypes with ED symptoms were identified: IA/HI + ED profile (LC1); HI + ED profile (LC2); IA + ED profile (LC3); IA/HI profile (LC4); and IA profile (LC5). Cross-validation of the LCA model using support vector machine analysis confirmed 83% accuracy. ED positive (ED+ve) subphenotypes were associated with higher rates of oppositional defiant disorder, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, as well as more severe autistic traits and sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms. Higher rates of ecological executive functioning impairments (BRIEF ratings) were found among ED+ve subphenotypes (though no differences were detected by laboratory-based measures). Functional impairments were also more severe among participants with ED+ve subphenotypes. LIMITATIONS The data for our LCA were cross-sectional and based primarily on parent ratings. CONCLUSION Our classification model has parcellated IA, HI, and ED symptoms into novel informative subphenotypes. These classifications provide preliminary evidence that ED symptoms could serve as sentinel features to identify a potential "ADHD-complex" syndrome, which demarcates a more pervasive condition of greater severity, complexity, and impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Yue
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) & NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) & NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wai Chen
- Mental Health Service, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia; Graduate School of Education, University of Western Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia; School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; The enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
| | - David A Preece
- The enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Qianrong Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) & NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haimei Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) & NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) & NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiujin Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital) & NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|