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Raffard S, Michel A, Bayard S. Imagining one's personal future in women undergoing treatment for breast cancer: an exploratory study. Memory 2023; 31:1089-1097. [PMID: 37286332 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2023.2221875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We assessed self-defining future projections (SDFPs) in women with breast cancer (BC) and their relationships with disease characteristics and quality of life. Forty women with BC in the course of treatment and 50 controls were asked to generate SDFPs and completed questionnaires for depression and anxiety symptoms and quality of life. There was no group difference regarding specificity, meaning making, probability of produced future events, and the experience of a sense of personal continuity within SDFPs. BC patients' SDFPs were less distant in the future and characterised by more narratives about life threatening events and fewer narratives about future achievements. Chemotherapy was related to narratives about life threatening events and BC. Patients undergoing breast reconstruction reported fewer life-threatening events related to their cancer. Lower quality of life was associated with lower narratives about relationships in patients. Women undergoing treatment for BC envision their future in a less optimistic way with more narratives about life threatening events and a reduced time perspective that varied according to the type of treatment. Self-continuity and ability to imagine future specific events were preserved in patients, which are important processes helping individuals to cope with life difficulties and find meaning and direction in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Raffard
- Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
- University Department of Adult Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Aude Michel
- Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier Institut du Sein, Clinique Clémentville, Montpellier, France
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2
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Eweida RS, Shaheen SHAEM, Abou-Elmaaty GM. "Feeling shattered and ephemeral": How do positive and negative symptoms affect self-concept clarity among individuals experiencing psychosis? Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2023; 44:18-25. [PMID: 37197857 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Incoherence in sense of self in schizophrenia may mask individuals' ability to perceive reality accurately, and cause them to feel alienated from themselves and others. This descriptive correlational study investigates the relationship between positive and negative symptoms in relation to self-concept clarity (SCC) in schizophrenia. METHOD A sample of 200 inpatients with schizophrenia were recruited to complete the Self-Concept Clarity Scale and were rated on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-version 4.0). RESULTS A strong inverse correlation between positive and negative symptoms in relation to SCC (r = 0.242, P < 0.001, and r = 0.225, P = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION The overall BPRS scores were identified as independent precursors of low SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Salah Eweida
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Egypt; Psychiatric and Mental Health Specialty, Nursing Department, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Bahrain.
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3
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The sense of agency for brain disorders: A comprehensive review and proposed framework. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 139:104759. [PMID: 35780975 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sense of Agency (SoA) refers to the feeling of control over voluntary actions and the outcomes of those actions. Several brain disorders are characterized by an abnormal SoA. To date, there is no robust treatment for aberrant agency across disorders; this is, in large part, due to gaps in our understanding of the cognitive mechanisms and neural correlates of the SoA. This apparent gap stems from a lack of synthesis in established findings. As such, the current review reconciles previously established findings into a novel neurocognitive framework for future investigations of the SoA in brain disorders, which we term the Agency in Brain Disorders Framework (ABDF). In doing so, we highlight key top-down and bottom-up cues that contribute to agency prospectively (i.e., prior to action execution) and retrospectively (i.e., after action execution). We then examine brain disorders, including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD), and cortico-basal syndrome (CBS), within the ABDF, to demonstrate its potential utility in investigating neurocognitive mechanisms underlying phenotypically variable presentations of the SoA in brain disorders.
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4
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Perrykkad K, Hohwy J. How selves differ within and across cognitive domains: self-prioritisation, self-concept, and psychiatric traits. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:165. [PMID: 35773737 PMCID: PMC9248136 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background How we build and maintain representations of ourselves involves both explicit features which are consciously accessible on reflection and implicit processes which are not, such as attentional biases. Understanding relations between different ways of measuring self-cognition both within and across such cognitive domains is important for understanding how selves may differ from one another, and whether self-cognition is best understood as largely uni-dimensional or more multi-dimensional. Further, uncovering this structure should inform research around how self-cognition relates to psychiatric and psychological conditions. This study explores the relations between different constructs of self-cognition and how variability within them relates to psychiatric traits.
Methods Our final dataset includes within-subject (n = 288, general population) measures of explicit self-concept (using both the Self Concept Clarity Scale and Self Concept and Identity Measure), implicit self-prioritisation in a shape-label matching task (for both reaction time and sensitivity) and measurement of traits for five psychiatric conditions (autism, borderline personality disorder, schizophrenia, depression and anxiety). We first test whether self-cognitive measures within and across domains are correlated within individuals. We then test whether these dimensions of self-cognition support a binary distinction between psychiatric conditions that either are or are not characterised in terms of self, or whether they support self-cognition as transdiagnostically predictive of the traits associated with psychiatric conditions. To do this we run a series of planned correlations, regressions, and direct correlation comparison statistics. Results Results show that implicit self-prioritisation measures were not correlated with the explicit self-concept measures nor the psychiatric trait measures. In contrast, all the psychiatric traits scores were predicted, to varying degrees, by poorer explicit self-concept quality. Specifically, borderline personality disorder traits were significantly more strongly associated with composite explicit self-concept measures than any of depression, anxiety, or autism traits scores were. Conclusions Our results suggest that selves can differ considerably, along different cognitive dimensions. Further, our results show that self-cognition may be a promising feature to include in future dimensional characterisations of psychiatric conditions, but care should be taken to choose relevant self-cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Perrykkad
- Cognition and Philosophy Lab, Philosophy Department, School of Philosophical, Historical and International Studies, Monash University, 29 Ancora Imparo Way, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Jakob Hohwy
- Cognition and Philosophy Lab, Philosophy Department, School of Philosophical, Historical and International Studies, Monash University, 29 Ancora Imparo Way, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Monash Centre for Consciousness & Contemplative Studies, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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5
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Wright AC, Moody E, Browne J, Cather C. Self-defining memories among persons with mental health, substance use, cognitive, and physical health conditions: a systematic review. Memory 2022; 30:823-844. [DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2022.2042565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C. Wright
- Center of Excellence for Psychosocial and Systemic Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erin Moody
- Center of Excellence for Psychosocial and Systemic Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Browne
- Center of Excellence for Psychosocial and Systemic Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Corinne Cather
- Center of Excellence for Psychosocial and Systemic Research, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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6
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Eddy CM. The Transdiagnostic Relevance of Self-Other Distinction to Psychiatry Spans Emotional, Cognitive and Motor Domains. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:797952. [PMID: 35360118 PMCID: PMC8960177 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.797952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-other distinction refers to the ability to distinguish between our own and other people's physical and mental states (actions, perceptions, emotions etc.). Both the right temporo-parietal junction and brain areas associated with the human mirror neuron system are likely to critically influence self-other distinction, given their respective contributions to theory of mind and embodied empathy. The degree of appropriate self-other distinction will vary according to the exact social situation, and how helpful it is to feel into, or remain detached from, another person's mental state. Indeed, the emotional resonance that we can share with others affords the gift of empathy, but over-sharing may pose a downside, leading to a range of difficulties from personal distress to paranoia, and perhaps even motor tics and compulsions. The aim of this perspective paper is to consider how evidence from behavioral and neurophysiological studies supports a role for problems with self-other distinction in a range of psychiatric symptoms spanning the emotional, cognitive and motor domains. The various signs and symptoms associated with problematic self-other distinction comprise both maladaptive and adaptive (compensatory) responses to dysfunction within a common underlying neuropsychological mechanism, compelling the adoption of more holistic transdiagnostic therapeutic approaches within Psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Eddy
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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7
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Wantzen P, Boursette A, Zante E, Mioche J, Eustache F, Guénolé F, Baleyte JM, Guillery-Girard B. Autobiographical Memory and Social Identity in Autism: Preliminary Results of Social Positioning and Cognitive Intervention. Front Psychol 2021; 12:641765. [PMID: 33815227 PMCID: PMC8009988 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Autobiographical memory (AM) is closely linked to the self-concept, and fulfills directive, identity, social, and adaptive functions. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are now known to have atypical AM, which may be closely associated with social communication difficulties. This may result in qualitatively different autobiographical narratives, notably regarding social identity. In the present study, we sought to investigate this concept and develop a cognitive intervention targeting individuals with ASD. First, 13 adolescents with ASD and 13 typically developing adolescents underwent an AM interview featuring an original coding system designed to analyze the social self. We observed that the narratives produced by the ASD group focused more on the family than on extended social spheres, compared with those of the comparison group. Moreover, participants with ASD did not include themselves in the social groups they mentioned, and produced more references to others, compared with typically developing participants. Second, we designed a cognitive intervention program consisting of individual and group sessions that targeted AM. We conducted a pilot study among three adolescents with ASD aged 12, 16, and 17 years. Preliminary results showed that the program increased extra-family narrative references by the two youngest adolescents, who produced more social integration markers. Our study of autobiographical narratives yielded interesting findings about social positioning in ASD and showed how AM can be targeted in rehabilitation programs as a vector of social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prany Wantzen
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France
| | - Amélie Boursette
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France
| | - Elodie Zante
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France
| | - Jeanne Mioche
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France
| | - Fabian Guénolé
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France.,Service de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Jean-Marc Baleyte
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France.,Service de Psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Créteil University Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Bérengère Guillery-Girard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Paris, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France
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Self-concept Clarity and Autobiographical Memory Functions in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder Without Intellectual Deficiency. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 50:3874-3882. [PMID: 32146597 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The structural characteristics of self-concept refer to the way in which the elements of self-knowledge are organized and can be experienced by individuals in the form of self-concept clarity. It is intimately linked to autobiographical memory. Therefore, we sought to compare self-concept clarity and autobiographical memory between adults with ASD without Intellectual Deficiency and controls. We also explored the association between self-concept clarity and autistic traits, autobiographical memory functions and executive functions. Statistical analyses were performed using Bayesian methods. Our results showed both a lower clarity of self-concept and a lower social function of autobiographical memory in the ASDwID than in the control group. We also presented a link between clarity of self-concept and the self-function of autobiographical memory.
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Kolb O, Berna F, Coutelle R. Autisme et littérature : apports cliniques et psychopathologiques d’une analyse littéraire et thématique de cinq récits autobiographiques de personnes avec autisme. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Maras K, Dando C, Stephenson H, Lambrechts A, Anns S, Gaigg S. The Witness-Aimed First Account (WAFA): A new technique for interviewing autistic witnesses and victims. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2020; 24:1449-1467. [PMID: 32168990 PMCID: PMC7376626 DOI: 10.1177/1362361320908986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autistic people may be more likely to be interviewed by police as a victim/witness, yet they experience social communication difficulties alongside specific memory difficulties that can impact their ability to recall information from memory. Police interviewing techniques do not take account of these differences, and so are often ineffective. We developed a new technique for interviewing autistic witnesses, referred to a Witness-Aimed First Account, which was designed to better support differences in the way that autistic witnesses process information in memory. The Witness-Aimed First Account technique encourages witnesses to first segment the witnessed event into discrete, parameter-bound event topics, which are then displayed on post-it notes while the witness goes onto freely recall as much information as they can from within each parameter-bound topic in turn. Since witnessed events are rarely cohesive stories with a logical chain of events, we also explored autistic and non-autistic witnesses' recall when the events were witnessed in a random (nonsensical) order. Thirty-three autistic and 30 typically developing participants were interviewed about their memory for two videos depicting criminal events. Clip segments of one video were 'scrambled', disrupting the event's narrative structure; the other video was watched intact. Although both autistic and non-autistic witnesses recalled fewer details with less accuracy from the scrambled video, Witness-Aimed First Account interviews resulted in more detailed and accurate recall from both autistic and non-autistic witnesses, for both scrambled and unscrambled videos. The Witness-Aimed First Account technique may be a useful tool to improve witnesses' accounts within a legally appropriate, non-leading framework.
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Coutelle R, Goltzene MA, Canton M, Campiglia-Sabourin M, Rabot J, Bizet É, Schoenberger M, Berna F, Danion JM. Episodic Autobiographical Memory in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Exploration With the Autobiographical Interview. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:593855. [PMID: 33597897 PMCID: PMC7882615 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.593855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The literature has provided contradictory results regarding the status of episodic memory in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This might be explained by methodological differences across studies. In the present one, the well-recommended Autobiographical Interview was used in which important aspects of episodic memory were assessed, namely, the number and richness of phenomenological memory details, before and after a retrieval support. Method: Twenty-five well-documented adults with ASD without Intellectual Disability (nine women) and 25 control participants were included and asked to recall six specific autobiographical events. The number and richness of details were assessed globally and for five categories of details (perceptual/sensory, temporal, contextual, emotional, and cognitive), firstly before and then after a specific cueing phase consisting in a series of specific questions to elicit more precise memory details. Results: Cumulatively, from the spontaneous recall to the cueing phase, the number of internal details was lower in ASD individuals compared to controls, but this difference was relevant only after the specific cueing procedure and observed only for contextual details. In contrast, no relevant group difference was observed during spontaneous recall. The detail richness was not impaired in ASD throughout the Autobiographical Interview procedure. Conclusion: Our results speak against a clear impairment of episodicity of autobiographical memory in ASD individuals. They thus challenge previous ones showing both a reduced specificity and episodicity of autobiographical memory in this population and call for further studies to get a better understanding on the status of episodic autobiographical memory in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Coutelle
- Department of Psychiatry, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marc-André Goltzene
- Service de pathologie professionnelle et environnementale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Canton
- Unité de Neuropédiatrie, Centre référent pour les troubles du langage et des apprentissages (CLAP), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Mélodie Campiglia-Sabourin
- Unité de Neuropédiatrie, Centre référent pour les troubles du langage et des apprentissages (CLAP), Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Juliette Rabot
- Department of Psychiatry, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Éric Bizet
- Centre hospitalier spécialisé de Rouffach, Centre Ressources Autisme Alsace, Rouffach, France.,UFR de psychologie, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Schoenberger
- Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy, Centre Ressources Autisme de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Fabrice Berna
- Department of Psychiatry, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marie Danion
- Department of Psychiatry, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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12
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Ben Malek H, Philippi N, Botzung A, Cretin B, Berna F, Manning L, Blanc F. Memories defining the self in Alzheimer's disease. Memory 2018; 27:698-704. [PMID: 30526307 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1554080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There is a debate over the extent to which personal identity or the self is preserved in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Autobiographical memory deficits at early stages of AD could contribute to altering patients' self. However, the nature of the relationship between autobiographical memory deficits and the self in AD has not been much investigated experimentally. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the integrative meaning of self-defining memories (SDMs) in early stages of AD and to analyse its relationship with the self-concept. The results showed that, when compared to the control group, AD patients less frequently extracted meaning from their SDMs and the meaning was less frequently tied to the self. Patients exhibited some altered aspects of the self-concept (i.e., complexity and strength), though some other components still persisted (i.e., valence and certainty). Correlation analyses showed that the impaired integrative meaning in the AD group was correlated with some changes in self-concept. We suggest that integrative meaning may act as a bridge between autobiographical memories and the self-concept, with reduced integration abilities appearing as a potential mechanism for the deterioration of the self-concept in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hédi Ben Malek
- a Cognitive Neuropsychology and Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia (U1114) , University of Strasbourg and INSERM , Strasbourg , France.,b Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, Department of Psychology , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium.,c Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Department , University Hospital of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Nathalie Philippi
- a Cognitive Neuropsychology and Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia (U1114) , University of Strasbourg and INSERM , Strasbourg , France.,c Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Department , University Hospital of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,d CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Centre), University Hospital of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,e ICube laboratory (UMR 7357) and FMTS , University of Strasbourg and CNRS , Strasbourg , France
| | - Anne Botzung
- c Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Department , University Hospital of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,d CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Centre), University Hospital of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,g Geriatrics Department , University Hospital of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Benjamin Cretin
- c Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Department , University Hospital of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,d CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Centre), University Hospital of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Fabrice Berna
- a Cognitive Neuropsychology and Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia (U1114) , University of Strasbourg and INSERM , Strasbourg , France.,f Psychiatry Department , University Hospital of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Liliann Manning
- a Cognitive Neuropsychology and Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia (U1114) , University of Strasbourg and INSERM , Strasbourg , France
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- d CMRR (Memory Resources and Research Centre), University Hospital of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France.,e ICube laboratory (UMR 7357) and FMTS , University of Strasbourg and CNRS , Strasbourg , France.,g Geriatrics Department , University Hospital of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
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13
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Lodi-Smith J, Rodgers JD, Cunningham SA, Lopata C, Thomeer ML. Meta-analysis of Big Five personality traits in autism spectrum disorder. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2018; 23:556-565. [PMID: 29676605 DOI: 10.1177/1362361318766571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present meta-analysis synthesizes the emerging literature on the relationship of Big Five personality traits to autism spectrum disorder. Studies were included if they (1) either (a) measured autism spectrum disorder characteristics using a metric that yielded a single score quantification of the magnitude of autism spectrum disorder characteristics and/or (b) studied individuals with an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis compared to individuals without an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and (2) measured Big Five traits in the same sample or samples. Fourteen reviewed studies include both correlational analyses and group comparisons. Eighteen effect sizes per Big Five trait were used to calculate two overall effect sizes per trait. Meta-analytic effects were calculated using random effects models. Twelve effects (per trait) from nine studies reporting correlations yielded a negative association between each Big Five personality trait and autism spectrum disorder characteristics (Fisher's z ranged from -.21 (conscientiousness) to -.50 (extraversion)). Six group contrasts (per trait) from six studies comparing individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder to neurotypical individuals were also substantial (Hedges' g ranged from -.88 (conscientiousness) to -1.42 (extraversion)). The potential impact of personality on important life outcomes and new directions for future research on personality in autism spectrum disorder are discussed in light of results.
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14
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Cooper K, Smith LGE, Russell A. Social identity, self-esteem, and mental health in autism. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Rodgers JD, Lodi-Smith J, Hill PL, Spain SM, Lopata C, Thomeer ML. Brief Report: Personality Mediates the Relationship between Autism Quotient and Well-Being: A Conceptual Replication using Self-Report. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 48:307-315. [PMID: 28918443 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) impacts well-being across the lifespan. Individuals with ASD evidence differences in personality traits and self-concept clarity that are predictors of well-being in typically-developing individuals. The current research replicates a growing body of evidence demonstrating differences in well-being and personality between individuals low in ASD characteristics (n = 207) and individuals high in ASD characteristics (n = 46) collected from the general population using an online survey. Results were consistent in a subsample of demographically matched pairs (n = 39 per group) and relative to norms. Further, the current research provides the first evidence that openness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and self-concept clarity mediate the relationship between ASD characteristics and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Rodgers
- Institute for Autism Research, Canisius College, Science Hall 1016B, 2001 Main St., Buffalo, NY, 14208, USA.
| | - Jennifer Lodi-Smith
- Institute for Autism Research, Canisius College, Science Hall 1016B, 2001 Main St., Buffalo, NY, 14208, USA
| | - Patrick L Hill
- Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Seth M Spain
- School of Management, Binghamton University, P. O. Box 6000, Vestal, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Christopher Lopata
- Institute for Autism Research, Canisius College, Science Hall 1016B, 2001 Main St., Buffalo, NY, 14208, USA
| | - Marcus L Thomeer
- Institute for Autism Research, Canisius College, Science Hall 1016B, 2001 Main St., Buffalo, NY, 14208, USA
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