1
|
Suvarna V, Farrell L, Adams D, Emerson LM, Paynter J. Parenting Practices and Externalizing Behaviors in Autistic Children: A Systematic Literature Review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2024; 27:235-256. [PMID: 38407761 PMCID: PMC10920481 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-024-00467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
There is limited recent research on the association between parenting practices and externalizing behaviors in autistic children. To address this gap, the current systematic review examined the associations between parenting practices and externalizing behaviors in autistic children, along with the mediating and moderating effects of parent and child variables (PROSPERO registration number CRD42022268667). Study inclusion criteria were (1) Peer-reviewed journals, (2) Participants included parents of autistic children and their children, (3) Quantitative measures of both parenting practices or behaviors/style and child externalizing behaviors, (4) Cross-sectional or longitudinal studies only, and (5) Studies published in English. Study exclusion criteria were: (1) Qualitative studies, (2) Published in a language other than English, (3) Participants included non-human participants, (4) Participants that did not include parents and their autistic children as participants or did not report this group separately, (5) Systematic review and meta-analyses, and (6) No quantitative measures of parenting practices and/or child externalizing behaviors. Quality appraisal and risk of bias were conducted using the McMaster Tool and results were synthesized in Covidence and Excel. Thirty studies were included in the review. Results demonstrated that mindful parenting was associated with fewer or lower levels of externalizing behaviors; positive parenting practices had non-significant associations with externalizing behaviors; specific parenting practices had differing associations with externalizing behaviors; and negative parenting practices were associated with higher levels of externalizing behaviors. We are unable to draw causal relationships due to focus on cross-sectional and longitudinal articles only. The potential for future research to target specific parent practices to support children's externalizing behaviors is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vedanta Suvarna
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
| | - Lara Farrell
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Dawn Adams
- Autism Centre of Excellence, School of Education and Professional Studies, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, QLD, Australia
| | - Lisa-Marie Emerson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jessica Paynter
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang S, Gai X. Bidirectional Relationship between Positive Parenting Behavior and Children's Self-Regulation: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:38. [PMID: 38247690 PMCID: PMC10813346 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used a cross-lagged design to explore the relationship between children's self-regulation and positive parenting behaviors. Children aged 3 years (N = 84) were tested individually three times a year for their hot and cool self-regulation, while their parents' positive parenting behaviors (warmth, structure, and autonomy support) were collected through questionnaires. In the structural equation panel model, bidirectional relations between children's inhibitory control and parental positive parenting were found. Children's inhibitory control and positive parenting predicted changes in each other for the first six months. Such a reciprocal relationship also existed between parental autonomy support and children's inhibitory control. There was a cross-lagged effect between parental warmth and children' inhibitory control rather than a simultaneous relation. Children's inhibitory control positively predicted parental structural behaviors rather than vice versa. Children's delayed waiting and positive parenting (autonomy support) were only positively correlated, rather than having a lagging effect. All the relationships faded over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Wang
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China;
| | - Xiaosong Gai
- School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China;
- Research Center of Mental Health Education in Northeast Normal University, Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Science in Universities in Jilin Province, Changchun 130024, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Desimpelaere EN, De Clercq LE, Soenens B, Prinzie P, De Pauw SSW. Parenting a child with Down syndrome: A qualitative study on parents' experiences and behaviors from a self-determination theory perspective. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 74:e14-e27. [PMID: 37919178 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Raising a child with Down syndrome (DS) brings unique challenges to parents' psychological functioning. Extensive quantitative research has shown that these parents tend to experience higher levels of parental stress and lower well-being. However, a more in-depth and balanced insight is essential to fully grasp the complexity of parenting a child with DS. To address this gap, this study uses a qualitative approach to explore the experiences and behaviors of parents raising a child with DS. DESIGN AND METHODS By adopting the Self-Determination Theory as a comprehensive theoretical framework, this study attends to both opportunities and challenges for parents' psychological needs of autonomy, relatedness, and competence, and provides insights into how they support the psychological needs of their child with DS. Eleven in-depth interviews were conducted with parents of a child with DS (aged 4 to 23 years). RESULTS Through thematic analysis, six themes of parental experiences and three themes of parenting behaviors were distinguished. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated that parents experience many opportunities for need satisfaction, predominantly in their need for relatedness. However, raising a child with DS also involves challenges for the parents' family relationships, personal freedom, professional ambitions, and feelings of competence. Regarding their parenting behaviors, parents considered stimulating independence, tuning into the child's mental world, and being patient as essential practices when raising a child with DS. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS This study provides important clues to promote parents' well-being as well as their engagement in need-supportive parenting practices towards their child with DS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eline N Desimpelaere
- Ghent University, Department of Special Needs Education, Henri Dunantlaan 1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lana E De Clercq
- Ghent University, Department of Special Needs Education, Henri Dunantlaan 1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Soenens
- Ghent University, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Prinzie
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, Department of Psychology Education & Child Studies, Burgemeester Oudlaan 50, 3062 Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah S W De Pauw
- Ghent University, Department of Special Needs Education, Henri Dunantlaan 1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang H, Liu S, Xu J, Hu X, Han ZR. Daily experiences and well-being of Chinese parents of children with autism. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023:13623613221144191. [PMID: 36594108 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221144191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT The present study examined the influences of child-related stress, parental coping and social support on parental daily subjective well-being (i.e. positive and negative affect, life satisfactory) in Chinese families of children with autism spectrum disorder. For 14 days, a total of 76 parents (58 mothers) participated in the study and completed daily diaries. For mothers, child-related stress was related to lower life satisfaction; social support was related to higher life satisfaction that day. These daily relations were not found for fathers. Across all parents, avoidant coping was associated with higher negative affect and lower positive affect on the same day. Notably, daily positive coping was related to greater same-day positive affect as well as greater same-day and next-day life satisfaction. Interventions aimed at increasing positive coping and social support, and reducing child-related stress and avoidant coping are important to help parents maintain well-being, particularly for mothers of children with autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Characterizing Parent–Child Interactions in Families of Autistic Children in Late Childhood. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci11030100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parent–child interactions are influential to a wide range of positive developmental processes in neurotypical children, yet contributions to our understanding of these interactions using observational methods in families of children on the autism spectrum are lacking. The aim of the current study is to investigate how autism symptoms might impact these interactions. We use a family discussion task to: (1) compare families of autistic children aged 8–12 years (n = 21) to families of typically developing children (n = 21, matched on age and cognitive abilities) on the observed levels of supportive and directive behaviors in the parent–child relationship, and (2) examine the associations between parent–child interaction characteristics and child functioning. Results showed no differences in the observed levels of supportive behavior exhibited by parents, but significantly less supportive behavior in autistic children compared to neurotypical children. In addition, parents of autistic children had higher levels of observed directive behavior compared to parents of neurotypical children. Levels of supportive behavior in parents and autistic children were negatively associated with child ADHD symptoms. Findings reinforce literature on younger children describing positive parenting characteristics and further rebuke historical accounts of negative parenting qualities of parents of autistic children.
Collapse
|
6
|
Deutz MHF, van Eldik WM, Over de Vest VT, Ringoot A, de Haan AD, Prinzie P. An 11-year prospective study of personality X parenting interactions as predictors of self-efficacy in young adults: diathesis-stress or differential susceptibility? BMC Psychol 2021; 9:172. [PMID: 34732263 PMCID: PMC8567597 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-efficacy, individuals' beliefs regarding their capacities to perform actions or control (potentially stressful or novel) events, is thought to be important for various life domains. Little however is known about its early precursors. This study examined the predictive effects of childhood personality and parental behaviors (i.e., overreactive discipline and warmth) for general self-efficacy in young adulthood. Furthermore, it was examined whether personality and parenting behaviors interacted and whether these interactions supported the diathesis-stress or differential susceptibility model. These aims were examined in an 11-year prospective study of 336 participants (Mage at T1 = 10.83 years, range = 9-12 years, 53.9% girls). Personality and parental behaviors were reported at T1 by both mothers and fathers, whereas self-efficacy was self-reported at T2 11 years later. Hypotheses were tested in Mplus using multilevel structural equation modeling. RESULTS Results revealed that (only) emotional stability, and not parenting, predicted higher self-efficacy 11 years later. Benevolence functioned as a susceptibility marker in the association between overreactivity and self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS The results show that childhood emotional stability is an important long-term predictor of self-efficacy, even into emerging adulthood. Moreover, the integration of individual differences in models of parenting effects may further improve our understanding of early adults' adjustment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marike H F Deutz
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- HYPE Centre of Expertise on Early Intervention for Borderline Personality Disorder, GGz Centraal, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn M van Eldik
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Youz, Parnassia Psychiatric Institution, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Vera T Over de Vest
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ank Ringoot
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amaranta D de Haan
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Prinzie
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Čolić M, Dababnah S, Milačić-Vidojević I. A model of internalized stigma in parents of individuals with disabilities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2021; 68:924-932. [PMID: 36568618 PMCID: PMC9788690 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2021.1924032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: Stigma has negative impacts on both individuals with disabilities and their caregivers, including poor mental health and social isolation. In the present study, we aimed to test a model of stigma internalization among parents of individuals with disabilities, as this process in not yet completely understood. Aim: Specifically, we explored effects of experienced stigma and neuroticism on affiliate stigma and examined whether perceived stigma and self-blame are mediators in a stigma internalization model. Methods: We recruited 82 parents of individuals with disabilities in Serbia over the course of six months. Parents were asked about perceived stigma, experienced stigma, affiliate stigma, self-blame, and they completed an assessment of personality traits. Results: Both experienced stigma and neuroticism were positively correlated with affiliate stigma. In addition, perceived stigma was a mediator between these variables: parents who experienced stigma more and had higher neuroticism scores reported higher degrees of perceived stigma, which in turn positively affected affiliate stigma. Self-blame was not a significant mediator in the tested model. Conclusion: We conclude stigma internalization among parents of individuals with disabilities is a complex process, involving experienced stigma, neuroticism, and perceived stigma. Interventions should include multiple paths to adequately support parents to combat stigma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Čolić
- Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sarah Dababnah
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Neubauer AB, Schmidt A, Kramer AC, Schmiedek F. A Little Autonomy Support Goes a Long Way: Daily Autonomy-Supportive Parenting, Child Well-Being, Parental Need Fulfillment, and Change in Child, Family, and Parent Adjustment Across the Adaptation to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Child Dev 2021; 92:1679-1697. [PMID: 33462836 PMCID: PMC8013550 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of daily parental autonomy support on changes in child behavior, family environment, and parental well‐being across 3 weeks during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Germany. Day‐to‐day associations among autonomy‐supportive parenting, parental need fulfillment, and child well‐being were also assessed. Parents (longitudinal N = 469; Mage = 42.93, SDage = 6.40) of school children (6–19 years) reported on adjustment measures at two measurement occasions and completed up to 21 daily online questionnaires in the weeks between these assessments. Results from dynamic structural equation models suggested reciprocal positive relations among autonomy‐supportive parenting and parental need fulfillment. Daily parental autonomy support, parental need fulfillment, and child well‐being partially predicted change in adjustment measures highlighting the central role of daily parenting for children’s adjustment during the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas B Neubauer
- DIPF, Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education.,Center for Research on Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA)
| | - Andrea Schmidt
- DIPF, Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education.,Center for Research on Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA)
| | - Andrea C Kramer
- DIPF, Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education.,Center for Research on Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA)
| | - Florian Schmiedek
- DIPF, Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education.,Center for Research on Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA).,Goethe-University
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
De Clercq LE, Dieleman LM, van der Kaap-Deeder J, Soenens B, Prinzie P, De Pauw SSW. Negative Controlling Parenting and Child Personality as Modifiers of Psychosocial Development in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A 9-Year Longitudinal Study at the Level of Within-Person Change. J Autism Dev Disord 2020; 51:2891-2907. [PMID: 33123842 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This nine-year longitudinal study addresses the joint contribution of parent-rated negative controlling parenting and child personality on psychosocial outcomes in 141 families of children with autism spectrum disorder (83% boys, mean age Time 1 = 10.1). Latent change modeling revealed substantial variation in within-person change in parenting and psychosocial outcomes across a six- and three-year-interval. Over time, negative controlling parenting and child personality were consistently related to externalizing problems, whereas child personality was differentially related to internalizing problems and psychosocial strengths. Three personality-by-parenting interactions were significant, suggesting that children with less mature personality traits show more externalizing behaviors in the presence of controlling parenting. This study identified both parenting and child personality as important modifiers of developmental outcomes in youth with autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lana E De Clercq
- Department of Special Needs Education, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lisa M Dieleman
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Bart Soenens
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Prinzie
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah S W De Pauw
- Department of Special Needs Education, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schiltz HK, Van Hecke AV. Applying the Vulnerability Stress Adaptation Model of Marriage to Couples Raising an Autistic Child: A Call for Research on Adaptive Processes. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2020; 24:120-140. [DOI: 10.1007/s10567-020-00332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
11
|
Prediction of Quality of Life Based on Spiritual Intelligence and Resiliency in Mothers of Children with Behavioral Problems. HEALTH, SPIRITUALITY AND MEDICAL ETHICS 2020. [DOI: 10.52547/jhsme.7.3.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
12
|
Daily parenting of children with cerebral palsy: The role of daily child behavior, parents' daily psychological needs, and mindful parenting. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 33:184-200. [PMID: 32381132 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419001688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to advance the current understanding of the daily dynamics that are involved in raising a child with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Specifically, we examined the role of mindful parenting and of day-to-day variation in parents' psychological needs and child behavior in explaining day-to-day variation in parents' autonomy-supportive, psychologically controlling, and responsive parenting behavior. Parents (N = 58) of children with CP (Mage = 12.68 years) participated in a 7-day diary study. Multilevel analyses indicated that parents' autonomy-supportive, psychologically controlling, and responsive behaviors fluctuate considerably between days. Further, daily fluctuations in both child behavior and parents' own psychological needs were found to be associated with this daily variability in parenting. In addition, interindividual differences in mindful parenting were associated positively with parents' responsiveness and negatively with psychologically controlling parenting across the week. These findings point towards the changeability of parenting behavior among parents of a child with CP and suggest that interventions targeting parenting behavior in the context of CP will be most effective when taking into account both the parents' and the child's functioning.
Collapse
|
13
|
Family accommodation of anxiety in a community sample of children on the autism spectrum. J Anxiety Disord 2020; 70:102192. [PMID: 31972299 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is recognised as one of the most common co-occurring conditions for individuals with a diagnosis on the autism spectrum, with approximately 40 % of children on the spectrum receiving a clinical diagnosis of an anxiety disorder. To date, research has tended to focus upon understanding presentation and evaluating treatment, with little focus on assessing systemic factors, such as the way that family members accommodate the anxiety. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parent and child anxiety levels and child autism characteristics on the four domains of family accommodation; Participation, Modification, Distress, and Consequence. A community sample (n = 132) of parents of children on the spectrum completed questionnaires on their child's autism characteristics and anxiety symptomatology as well as their own levels of anxiety and family accommodation behaviours. Regression models identified specific aspects of child anxiety as well as parent anxiety as predictive of family accommodation, with the child's difficulties with uncertainty being a consistent predictor of all four domains. Clinical and research implications of this study, including the importance of understanding similarities or differences in the nature and consequence of family accommodation in children on the autism spectrum, are discussed.
Collapse
|