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Bekon AM, Martiny D, Thomas AL, Miendje Y, Debyttere AL, Autin C, Bertrand E. Optimization of the microbiological treatment of sperm for assisted reproductive technology (ART). J Microbiol Methods 2024; 224:107004. [PMID: 39047945 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2024.107004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
In ART,1 optimized sperm preparation could separate spermatozoa from potentially harmful germs and cells, improving sperm parameters. This study compares the outcome of a routinely used two-layer density gradient with a three-layer protocol in terms of sperm and microbiological parameters. According to the results, a three-layer protocol was more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Affoua-Melissa Bekon
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles-Universitair Laboratorium Brussel (LHUB-ULB), 322, Rue Haute, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; Centre PMA, Dpt Gynecology/Obstetric, IVF laboratory, UHC Saint-Pierre, 322, Rue Haute, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie,Université de Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium
| | - Delphine Martiny
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles-Universitair Laboratorium Brussel (LHUB-ULB), 322, Rue Haute, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie,Université de Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium.
| | - Anne-Laure Thomas
- Centre PMA, Dpt Gynecology/Obstetric, IVF laboratory, UHC Saint-Pierre, 322, Rue Haute, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yvette Miendje
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles-Universitair Laboratorium Brussel (LHUB-ULB), 322, Rue Haute, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Laurence Debyttere
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratoire Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles-Universitair Laboratorium Brussel (LHUB-ULB), 322, Rue Haute, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Candice Autin
- Centre PMA, Dpt Gynecology/Obstetric, IVF laboratory, UHC Saint-Pierre, 322, Rue Haute, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Bertrand
- Centre PMA, Dpt Gynecology/Obstetric, IVF laboratory, UHC Saint-Pierre, 322, Rue Haute, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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2
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Vieira CP, Martins Lara NDLE, Procópio MS, Avelar GF. Optimization of spermatozoa analysis in mice: A comprehensive protocol. Tissue Cell 2024; 89:102463. [PMID: 38981185 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Sperm quality is critical to predict reproductive alterations caused by immunological factors or toxicant agents. Yet, no detailed protocol has been published focusing on analyses of sperm parameters in mice. Our aim was to evaluate the most efficient diluent for mice sperm analyses and to optimize the sperm morphology classification, through the comparison of different staining methods. The diluents assessed were PBS (baseline), HTF, DMEM, 1 % BSA in PBS and 9 % skimmed powdered milk diluted in PBS. Spermatozoa were evaluated for vitality, motility, and morphology, smears were stained with Papanicolaou, HE, Giemsa, and Rapid staining. Sperm vitality and total motility reached better scores in milk based and DMEM diluents. HE raised up as an effective option since its combination with any of the diluents we tested, resulted in a fair staining, which was appropriated to evaluate mice spermatozoa. Finally, based on WHO manual, we have updated the current morphological classification for mice sperm, since we have detailed the head defects as well as included midpiece and tail defects on it. Taken together, we presented a useful, low cost, and reliable method to assess sperm morphology that could be employed worldwide by laboratories dedicated to study reproductive biology on mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Pinhol Vieira
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marcela Santos Procópio
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gleide Fernandes Avelar
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Malaluang P, Niazi A, Guo Y, Nagel C, Guimaraes T, Rocha A, Aurich C, Morrell JM. Bacterial diversity in semen from stallions in three European countries evaluated by 16S sequencing. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1409-1421. [PMID: 38305959 PMCID: PMC11147884 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome plays a significant role in shaping the health and functioning of the systems it inhabits. The seminal microbiome of stallions has implications for the health of the reproductive tract, sperm quality during preservation and antibiotic use in semen extenders. Diverse bacteria are present on the external genital tract and a mix of commensal microorganisms populates various parts of the reproductive tract, influencing the seminal bacterial content. Other sources of bacteria include the environment, semen collection equipment, and personnel. The bacterial load can adversely affect sperm quality and fertility, particularly in artificial insemination, where semen is extended and stored before use. Antibiotics are frequently used to inhibit bacterial growth, but their effectiveness varies depending on the bacterial strains present. The aim of this study was to assess the bacterial diversity in semen from 37 healthy stallions across three European nations (Germany, Portugal, and Sweden) using 16S sequencing. Semen samples were collected from individual stallions at three AI centers; DNA extraction, sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis were performed. Differences in bacterial diversity among the stallions were seen; although bacterial phyla were shared across the regions, differences were observed at the genus level. Climate, husbandry practices, and individual variability likely contribute to these differences. These findings underscore the importance of tailoring antibiotic strategies for semen preservation based on regional bacterial profiles. The study presents a comprehensive approach to understanding the intricacies of the stallion seminal microbiome and its potential implications for reproductive technologies and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongpreecha Malaluang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, 75007, Sweden
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 40000, Thailand
| | - Adnan Niazi
- SLU-Global Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-752 36, Sweden
| | - Yongzhi Guo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, 75007, Sweden
| | - Christina Nagel
- Graf Lehndorff Institute for Equine Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tiago Guimaraes
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Sciences (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Antonio Rocha
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Sciences (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Christine Aurich
- Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jane M Morrell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, 75007, Sweden.
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4
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Rosellen J, Dittmar F, Hauptmann A, Diemer T, Schuppe HC, Schagdarsurengin U, Fritzenwanker M, Wagenlehner F, Pilatz A. Impaired Semen Quality in Patients with Chronic Prostatitis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2884. [PMID: 38792425 PMCID: PMC11122295 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome CP/CPPS is a rather common condition and in recent years many studies have shown contradictory results regarding its impact on semen quality. This prospective cohort study set out to investigate how CP/CPPS affected the parameters of semen in a prospective cohort of patients compared with the WHO 2021 reference group. Methods: From 2013 to 2022, a total of 1071 patients with suspicion of CP/CPPS received a comprehensive andrological examination. Complete semen analysis was carried out in compliance with WHO 2010 guidelines, comparing every study population semen variable to the WHO 2021 reference group (n~3500). Results: All evaluated semen parameters had median values that fell within a normal range. Nonetheless, approximately 25% of patients had values for each semen variable that were lower than the WHO reference group's fifth percentile. In particular, bacteriospermia was associated with a negative impact on semen volume. Conclusions: This is the largest study that compares all standard semen parameters in patients suffering from CP/CPPS to WHO 2021 reference values. It provides evidence of an impairment of conventional semen parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Rosellen
- Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.D.); (A.H.); (T.D.); (H.-C.S.); (U.S.); (F.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Florian Dittmar
- Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.D.); (A.H.); (T.D.); (H.-C.S.); (U.S.); (F.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Arne Hauptmann
- Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.D.); (A.H.); (T.D.); (H.-C.S.); (U.S.); (F.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Thorsten Diemer
- Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.D.); (A.H.); (T.D.); (H.-C.S.); (U.S.); (F.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Hans-Christian Schuppe
- Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.D.); (A.H.); (T.D.); (H.-C.S.); (U.S.); (F.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Undraga Schagdarsurengin
- Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.D.); (A.H.); (T.D.); (H.-C.S.); (U.S.); (F.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Moritz Fritzenwanker
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35390 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Florian Wagenlehner
- Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.D.); (A.H.); (T.D.); (H.-C.S.); (U.S.); (F.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Adrian Pilatz
- Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (F.D.); (A.H.); (T.D.); (H.-C.S.); (U.S.); (F.W.); (A.P.)
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Henkel R. Leukocytospermia and/or Bacteriospermia: Impact on Male Infertility. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2841. [PMID: 38792382 PMCID: PMC11122306 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a globally underestimated public health concern affecting almost 190 million people, i.e., about 17.5% of people during their lifetime, while the prevalence of male factor infertility is about 7%. Among numerous other causes, the prevalence of male genital tract infections reportedly ranges between 10% and 35%. Leukocytospermia is found in 30% of infertile men and up to 20% in fertile men. Bacterial infections cause an inflammatory response attracting leukocytes, which produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and release cytokines, both of which can cause damage to sperm, rendering them dysfunctional. Although leukocytospermia and bacteriospermia are both clinical conditions that can negatively affect male fertility, there is still debate about their impact on assisted reproduction outcomes and management. According to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, leukocytes should be determined by means of the Endtz test or with monoclonal antibodies against CD15, CD68 or CD22. The cut-off value proposed by the WHO is 1 × 106 peroxidase-positive cells/mL. For bacteria, Gram staining and semen culture are regarded as the "gold standard", while modern techniques such as PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS) are allowing clinicians to detect a wider range of pathogens. Whereas the WHO manual does not specify a specific value as a cut-off for bacterial contamination, several studies consider semen samples with more than 103 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL as bacteriospermic. The pathogenic mechanisms leading to sperm dysfunction include direct interaction of bacteria with the male germ cells, bacterial release of spermatotoxic substances, induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS, all of which lead to oxidative stress. Clinically, bacterial infections, including "silent" infections, are treatable, with antibiotics being the treatment of choice. Yet, non-steroidal antiphlogistics or antioxidants should also be considered to alleviate inflammatory lesions and improve semen quality. In an assisted reproduction set up, sperm separation techniques significantly reduce the bacterial load in the semen. Nonetheless, contamination of the semen sample with skin commensals should be prevented by applying relevant hygiene techniques. In patients where leukocytospermia is detected, the causes (e.g. infection, inflammation, varicocele, smoking, etc.) of the leukocyte infiltration have to be identified and addressed with antibiotics, anti-inflammatories or antioxidants in cases where high oxidative stress levels are detected. However, no specific strategy is available for the management of leukocytospermia. Therefore, the relationship between bacteriospermia and leukocytospermia as well as their specific impact on functional sperm parameters and reproductive outcome variables such as fertilization or clinical pregnancy must be further investigated. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update on the current knowledge on leukocytospermia and bacteriospermia and their impact on male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Henkel
- LogixX Pharma Ltd., Merlin House, Brunel Road, Theale, Reading RG7 4AB, UK;
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Jendraszak M, Skibińska I, Kotwicka M, Andrusiewicz M. The elusive male microbiome: revealing the link between the genital microbiota and fertility. Critical review and future perspectives. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2024:1-29. [PMID: 38523477 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2024.2331489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing focus on understanding the role of the male microbiome in fertility issues. Although research on the bacterial communities within the male reproductive system is in its initial phases, recent discoveries highlight notable variations in the microbiome's composition and abundance across distinct anatomical regions like the skin, foreskin, urethra, and coronary sulcus. To assess the relationship between male genitourinary microbiome and reproduction, we queried various databases, including MEDLINE (available via PubMed), SCOPUS, and Web of Science to obtain evidence-based data. The literature search was conducted using the following terms "gut/intestines microbiome," "genitourinary system microbiome," "microbiome and female/male infertility," "external genital tract microbiome," "internal genital tract microbiome," and "semen microbiome." Fifty-one relevant papers were analyzed, and eleven were strictly semen quality or male fertility related. The male microbiome, especially in the accessory glands like the prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands, has garnered significant interest because of its potential link to male fertility and reproduction. Studies have also found differences in bacterial diversity present in the testicular tissue of normozoospermic men compared to azoospermic suggesting a possible role of bacterial dysbiosis and reproduction. Correlation between the bacterial taxa in the genital microbiota of sexual partners has also been found, and sexual activity can influence the composition of the urogenital microbiota. Exploring the microbial world within the male reproductive system and its influence on fertility opens doors to developing ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat infertility. The present work emphasizes the importance of using consistent methods, conducting long-term studies, and deepening our understanding of how the reproductive tract microbiome works. This helps make research comparable, pinpoint potential interventions, and smoothly apply microbiome insights to real-world clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jendraszak
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Izabela Skibińska
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kotwicka
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mirosław Andrusiewicz
- Chair and Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Corral-Vazquez C, Blanco J, Sarrate Z, Anton E. Unraveling the Intricacies of the Seminal Microbiome and Its Impact on Human Fertility. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:150. [PMID: 38534419 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Although the microbial communities from seminal fluid were an unexplored field some decades ago, their characteristics and potential roles are gradually coming to light. Therefore, a complex and specific microbiome population with commensal niches and fluctuating species has started to be revealed. In fact, certain clusters of bacteria have been associated with fertility and health, while the outgrowth of several species is potentially correlated with infertility indicators. This constitutes a compelling reason for outlining the external elements that may induce changes in the seminal microbiome composition, like lifestyle factors, gut microbiota, pathologies, prebiotics, and probiotics. In this review, we summarize the main findings about seminal microbiome, its origins and composition, its relationship with fertility, health, and influence factors, while reminding readers of the limitations and advantages introduced from technical variabilities during the experimental procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Corral-Vazquez
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular (Facultat de Biociències), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joan Blanco
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular (Facultat de Biociències), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Zaida Sarrate
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular (Facultat de Biociències), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ester Anton
- Genetics of Male Fertility Group, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular (Facultat de Biociències), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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Neto FTL, Viana MC, Cariati F, Conforti A, Alviggi C, Esteves SC. Effect of environmental factors on seminal microbiome and impact on sperm quality. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1348186. [PMID: 38455659 PMCID: PMC10918436 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1348186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing research on the seminal microbiome and its association with male infertility, while also highlighting areas that warrant further investigation. Methods A narrative review was conducted, encompassing all relevant studies published between 1980-2023 on the male reproductive tract microbiome in humans. This review considered studies utilizing culture-based, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based, and next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based methodologies to analyze the microbiome. Data extraction encompassed sample types (semen or testicular tissue), study designs, participant characteristics, employed techniques, and critical findings. Results We included 37 studies comprising 9,310 participants. Among these, 16 studies used culture-based methods, 16 utilized NGS, and five employed a combination of methods for microorganism identification. Notably, none of the studies assessed fungi or viruses. All NGS-based studies identified the presence of bacteria in all semen samples. Two notable characteristics of the seminal microbiome were observed: substantial variability in species composition among individuals and the formation of microbial communities with a dominant species. Studies examining the testicular microbiome revealed that the testicular compartment is not sterile. Interestingly, sexually active couples shared 56% of predominant genera, and among couples with positive cultures in both partners, 61% of them shared at least one genital pathogen. In couples with infertility of known causes, there was an overlap in bacterial composition between the seminal and vaginal microbiomes, featuring an increased prevalence of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus genera. Furthermore, the seminal microbiome had discernible effects on reproductive outcomes. However, bacteria in IVF culture media did not seem to impact pregnancy rates. Conclusion Existing literature underscores that various genera of bacteria colonize the male reproductive tract. These organisms do not exist independently; instead, they play a pivotal role in regulating functions and maintaining hemostasis. Future research should prioritize longitudinal and prospective studies and investigations into the influence of infertility causes and commonly prescribed medication to enhance our understanding of the seminal microbiota's role in reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina C. Viana
- ANDROFERT, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Federica Cariati
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Conforti
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, University of Naples, Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Alviggi
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sandro C. Esteves
- ANDROFERT, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Surgery (Division of Urology), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Rakha BA, Zafar Z, Ansari MS, Akhter S, Qadeer S, Akhter A, Waseem K, Santiago-Moreno J. Influence of Bacterial Contamination and Antibiotic Sensitivity on Cryopreserved Sperm Quality of Indian Red Jungle Fowl. Biopreserv Biobank 2024; 22:21-28. [PMID: 36656160 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Bacterial contamination may occur in feces during collection and processing of semen. Bacteria not only compete for nutrients with spermatozoa but also produce toxic metabolites and endotoxins and affect sperm quality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of antibiotic supplementation on the sperm quality of Indian red jungle fowl, estimation and isolation of bacterial species and their antibiotic sensitivity. Materials and Methods: Semen was collected and initially evaluated, diluted, and divided into six experimental extenders containing gentamicin (2.5 μg/mL), kanamycin (31.2 μg/mL), neomycin (62.5 mg/mL), penicillin (200 U/mL), and streptomycin (250 μg/mL), and a control having no antibiotics were cryopreserved and semen quality was evaluated at post-dilution, post-cooling, post-equilibration, and post-thawing stages (Experiment 1). A total aerobic bacterial count was carried out after culturing bacteria (Experiment 2) and subcultured for antibiotic sensitivity (Experiment 3). Results: It was shown that penicillin-containing extender improved semen quality (sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, viability, and acrosomal integrity) compared with the control and other extenders having antibiotics. The bacteria isolated from semen were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Bacillus spp. Antibiotic sensitivity results revealed that E. coli shows high sensitivity toward neomycin, kanamycin, and penicillin. Staphylococcus spp. shows high sensitivity toward streptomycin, neomycin, and penicillin. Bacillus spp. shows high sensitivity toward kanamycin and penicillin. Conclusions: It was concluded that antibiotics added to semen extender did not cause any toxicity and maintained semen quality as that of untreated control samples, and penicillin was identified as most effective antibiotic. It is recommended that penicillin can be added to the semen extender for control of bacterial contamination without affecting the semen quality of Indian red jungle fowl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra A Rakha
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Zartasha Zafar
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad S Ansari
- Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shamim Akhter
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Saima Qadeer
- Department of Zoology, University of Education, Jauharabad Campus Khushab, Pakistan
| | - Ali Akhter
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Kainat Waseem
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Aghazarian A, Huf W, Klingler HC, Klatte T. The effect of seminal pathogens on standard semen parameters, sperm kinematics and seminal inflammatory markers. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 161:104183. [PMID: 38154434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of urogenital pathogens on standard semen parameters, sperm kinematics and host inflammatory response in a cohort of asymptomatic subfertile men. There were six groups based on the results of bacterial culture, including Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. Urealyticum) (n = 27), mixed comprising two or more pathogenic species (n = 28), Gardnerella Vaginalis (G. Vaginalis) (n = 15), gram-positive cocci and bacilli (g+cocci/bacilli) (n = 15), gram-negative bacilli (g-bacilli) (n = 10) and Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) (n = 2). One control group (n = 20) and one leukocytospermic group (n = 10) were also included. Sperm quality parameters, seminal leukocytes and interleukin (IL)-6 of all groups, apart from C. trachomatis, were compared to the control group. Standard semen parameters were significantly worse in all groups except for that with g-bacilli. Progressive motility, total motility and normal sperm morphology demonstrated the most significant differences, when U. Urealyticum, leukocytospermia and mixed pathogens were detected in semen. Among sperm kinematics, the concentration of progressive motile sperm cells (CPMS), the percentage of progressive motile sperm cells (PPMS) and straightness (STR) were manifested significant declines in the presence of seminal pathogens. CPMS was affected in all groups except for G. vaginalis. Moreover, the presence of g+cocci/bacilli and g-bacilli were associated with increased seminal IL-6. Seminal leukocytes were elevated significantly only when g-bacilli were cultured in semen. We conclude that seminal pathogens can negatively affect sperm quality. The most negative effect is related to U. Urealyticum. Moreover, g+cocci/bacilli and g-bacilli can initiate an inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artin Aghazarian
- Department of Urology, Clinic Hietzing, Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinic Hietzing, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Huf
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Clinical Risk Management, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Tobias Klatte
- Department of Urology, Helios Klinikum Bad Saarow, Bad Saarow, Germany
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Wei S, Tang Q, Hu X, Ouyang W, Shao H, Li J, Yan H, Chen Y, Liu L. Rapid, Ultrasensitive, and Visual Detection of Pathogens Based on Cation Dye-Triggered Gold Nanoparticle Electrokinetic Agglutination Analysis. ACS Sens 2024; 9:325-336. [PMID: 38214583 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Rapid prescribing of the right antibiotic is the key to treat infectious diseases and decelerate the challenge of bacterial antibiotic resistance. Herein, by targeting the 16S rRNA of bacteria, we developed a cation dye-triggered electrokinetic gold nanoparticle (AuNP) agglutination (CD-TEAA) method, which is rapid, visual, ultrasensitive, culture-independent, and low in cost. The limit of detection (LOD) is as low as 1 CFU mL-1 Escherichia coli. The infection identifications of aseptic fluid samples (n = 11) and urine samples with a clinically suspected urinary tract infection (UTI, n = 78) were accomplished within 50 and 30 min for each sample, respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of UTI urine samples was achieved within 2.5 h. In ROC analysis of urine, the sensitivity and specificity were 100 and 96% for infection identification, and 100 and 98% for AST, respectively. Moreover, the overall cost of materials for each test is about US$0.69. Therefore, the CD-TEAA method is a superior approach to existing, time-consuming, and expensive methods, especially in less developed areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wei
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qing Tang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiumei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Huaze Shao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jincheng Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hong Yan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yue Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Samarra A, Flores E, Bernabeu M, Cabrera-Rubio R, Bäuerl C, Selma-Royo M, Collado MC. Shaping Microbiota During the First 1000 Days of Life. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1449:1-28. [PMID: 39060728 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58572-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Given that the host-microbe interaction is shaped by the immune system response, it is important to understand the key immune system-microbiota relationship during the period from conception to the first years of life. The present work summarizes the available evidence concerning human reproductive microbiota, and also, the microbial colonization during early life, focusing on the potential impact on infant development and health outcomes. Furthermore, we conclude that some dietary strategies including specific probiotics and other-biotics could become potentially valuable tools to modulate the maternal-neonatal microbiota during this early critical window of opportunity for targeted health outcomes throughout the entire lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Samarra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduard Flores
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Bernabeu
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| | - Raul Cabrera-Rubio
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| | - Christine Bäuerl
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Selma-Royo
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna-Valencia, Spain.
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13
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Davies R, Minhas S, Jayasena CN. Next-Generation Sequencing to Elucidate the Semen Microbiome in Male Reproductive Disorders. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 60:25. [PMID: 38256286 PMCID: PMC10819355 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Mean sperm counts are declining at an accelerated rate and infertility is increasingly becoming a public health concern. It is now understood that human semen, previously considered to be sterile, harbours its own specific microbiome. Via activated leucocytes and the generation of reactive oxygen species, bacteria have the capability of evoking an immune response which may lead to sperm damage. Men with infertility have higher rates of both reactive oxygen species and sperm DNA damage. Due to the lack of sensitivity of routine culture and PCR-based methods, next-generation sequencing technology is being employed to characterise the seminal microbiome. There is a mounting body of studies that share a number of similarities but also a great range of conflicting findings. A lack of stringent decontamination procedures, small sample sizes and heterogeneity in other aspects of methodology makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions from these studies. However, various themes have emerged and evidence of highly conserved clusters of common bacteria can be seen. Depletion or over-representation of specific bacteria may be associated with aberrations in traditional and functional seminal parameters. Currently, the evidence is too limited to inform clinical practice and larger studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna Davies
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK;
| | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, London W6 8RF, UK;
| | - Channa N. Jayasena
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK;
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14
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Saint F, Huyghe E, Methorst C, Priam A, Seizilles de Mazancourt E, Bruyère F, Faix A. [Infections and male infertility]. Prog Urol 2023; 33:636-652. [PMID: 38012909 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of urogenital infections in male infertility has long been the subject of debate. METHODS A bibliographic search limited to English-language literature on human subjects published before 5/2023 resulted in the selection of 189 articles. RESULTS Male infertility is often of multifactorial aetiology, and to optimise the prognosis it is important to manage all the factors that can be corrected, including infectious causes, which represent one of the most frequent aetiologies. The infectious agents involved in urogenital infections are most often bacterial or viral, and more rarely parasitic. They can infect the seminal tract, male accessory glands and/or testicles, and usually result in inflammation and increased oxidative stress. These infections reduce male fertility, in particular by altering spermogram parameters and increasing sperm DNA fragmentation. For these reasons, the search for a urogenital infection should be systematic, involving a careful history and clinical examination, ultrasound and systematic bacteriological tests guided by clinical findings. Aetiological treatment may be proposed depending on the picture and the germ involved. CONCLUSION This review should help the urologist to establish an accurate diagnosis of the form and extent of the infection, and enable him to define an appropriate therapeutic strategy, tailored to the patient, in order to obtain the best chances of improving male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Saint
- Service d'urologie-transplantation, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France; Laboratoire EPROAD EA 4669, université Picardie Jules-Verne, Amiens, France
| | - E Huyghe
- Département d'urologie, hôpital de Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Service de médecine de la reproduction, hôpital Paule-de-Viguier, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; UMR DEFE, Inserm 1203, université de Toulouse, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - C Methorst
- Service de médecine de la reproduction, hôpital des 4 villes, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - A Priam
- Service d'urologie-transplantation, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | | | - F Bruyère
- Urologie, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - A Faix
- Clinique Saint-Roch, 560, avenue du Colonel-Pavelet-dit-Villars, 34000 Montpellier, France
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15
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Bednarska-Czerwińska A, Morawiec E, Zmarzły N, Szapski M, Jendrysek J, Pecyna A, Zapletał-Pudełko K, Małysiak W, Sirek T, Ossowski P, Łach A, Boroń D, Bogdał P, Bernet A, Grabarek BO. Dynamics of Microbiome Changes in the Endometrium and Uterine Cervix during Embryo Implantation: A Comparative Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2023; 29:e941289. [PMID: 37543728 PMCID: PMC10413908 DOI: 10.12659/msm.941289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiome is the collection of all micro-organisms and their genes, which naturally live in and on the body. The cervical and endometrial bacterial microbiome has previously been reported to affect fertility and influence the outcomes of assisted reproductive therapy (ART), including embryo transfer. This study aimed to evaluate the cervical and endometrial bacterial microbiome in 177 women treated for infertility before, during, and after embryo implantation, and the outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cervical and endometrial swabs were collected from 177 women diagnosed with infertility at 3 time points: (1) during the initial examination, (2) during implantation, (3) 10-14 days after implantation. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to analyze the bacterial microbiome. Taxonomic identification was performed with the Usearch algorithm. RESULTS There was a significant change in the number of patients with Escherichia coli depending on the collection time. For the first swab collection, there were significant negative relationships between the percentage of Gardnerella vaginalis and Lactobacillus spp. For the second collection, there was a negative relationship between Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus jensenii. For the third collection, negative relationships were found between Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus spp. A similar distribution of the bacterial microbiome was observed in all 3 swab collections. CONCLUSIONS Lactobacillus spp. were the main bacteria identified in the cervix and endometrium, present before, during, and after successful embryo transfer. E. coli and G. vaginalis reduced the protective effect of Lactobacilli before, during, and after embryo transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bednarska-Czerwińska
- Gyncentrum, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, Katowice, Poland
- American Medical Clinic, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Emilia Morawiec
- Gyncentrum, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Nikola Zmarzły
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Szapski
- Gyncentrum, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, Katowice, Poland
| | - Justyna Jendrysek
- Gyncentrum, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anika Pecyna
- Gyncentrum, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Weronika Małysiak
- Gyncentrum, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sirek
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital for Minimally Invasive and Reconstructive Surgery in Bielsko-Biała, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Piotr Ossowski
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Łach
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dariusz Boroń
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, TOMMED Specjaliści od Zdrowia, Katowice, Poland
- The Higher School of Strategic Planning in Dąbrowa Górnicza, Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdał
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adam Bernet
- The Higher School of Strategic Planning in Dąbrowa Górnicza, Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland
| | - Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Gyncentrum, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Academy of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, TOMMED Specjaliści od Zdrowia, Katowice, Poland
- The Higher School of Strategic Planning in Dąbrowa Górnicza, Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland
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16
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Alqawasmeh O, Fok E, Yim H, Li T, Chung J, Chan D. The microbiome and male infertility: looking into the past to move forward. HUM FERTIL 2023; 26:450-462. [PMID: 36039770 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2022.2098540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The human body harbours trillions of microbes, and their influence on human health has been explored in many parts of the human body, including the male reproductive system. From routine culturing to polymerise chain reaction (PCR) and high throughput DNA sequencing, several studies have identified bacteria in the male reproductive system. In this review, we discuss the past and current literature surrounding the testicular and semen microbiome in correlation with male infertility. We further highlight the potential benefits of probiotics as an alternative therapeutic option for male infertility. Although not conclusive, emerging data are indicating potential implications of certain bacterial members on male fertility. There is a general agreement on the negative impact of some pathogenic bacterial species on semen parameters, including sperm counts, motility, morphology, and DNA integrity. On the other hand, Lactobacillus, known as a human-friendly bacteria, has shown protective effects on semen parameters, which makes it a potentially good probiotic. In order to confirm the findings of previous studies, more clinical studies with larger sample sizes and the right controls are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odai Alqawasmeh
- Assisted Reproductive Technology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ellis Fok
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Howard Yim
- Microbiome Research Centre, Department of Medicine, St George & Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tin Li
- Assisted Reproductive Technology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jacqueline Chung
- Assisted Reproductive Technology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David Chan
- Assisted Reproductive Technology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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17
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Azoulay Y, Malik Z, Breitbart H. Sperm interaction with bacteria induces the spontaneous acrosome reaction. Theriogenology 2023; 203:82-88. [PMID: 36989544 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial contamination in the semen deteriorates spermatozoa function. One mechanism through which this may occur is by inducing a premature form of the acrosome reaction (spontaneous acrosome reaction (sAR)) which has been shown to abrogate fertilization. To understand the mechanism by which bacteria affect sperm functions, we determined the effects of bacteria on sperm sAR and on other parameters involved in sperm capacitation. Sperm cells undergo biochemical changes in the female reproductive tract collectively called capacitation. Only capacitated sperm can undergo the physiological acrosomal exocytosis process near or on the oocyte, which allows the spermatozoon to penetrate and fertilize the egg. Bovine sperm incubated with the bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), revealed a sperm-bacteria interaction, however only E. coli and P. aeruginosa caused an increase in sperm sAR. This effect was seen only when the bacteria were present with the sperm during the full incubation under capacitation conditions but not when the bacteria were added to capacitated sperm. These results indicate that bacteria affect sperm during capacitation and not at the AR step. In addition, Ca2+ influx, protein kinase A, and protein tyrosine phosphorylation activities, three essential processes that promote capacitation, were inhibited by the bacteria. Moreover, increasing intracellular cAMP, which also occur during sperm capacitation, caused significant reverse of sAR induced by the bacteria.
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18
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Lacalle E, Fernández-Alegre E, Soriano-Úbeda C, Martínez-Martínez S, Domínguez JC, González-Montaña JR, Morrell JM, Martínez-Pastor F. Single layer centrifugation (SLC) for bacterial removal with Porcicoll positively modifies chromatin structure in boar spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2023; 201:95-105. [PMID: 36857978 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The storage of boar semen samples at 17 °C for artificial insemination (AI) doses enables the proliferation of the bacteria, making antibiotics necessary. This can contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study tested bacterial presence and sperm chromatin structure after using a low-density colloid (Porcicoll) as an antibiotic alternative to eliminate bacteria. Ejaculates (8 boars, 3 ejaculates each) were split as control and low-density colloid centrifugation (single layer centrifugation, SLC, 20%, and 30% Porcicoll) into 500 ml tubes. Analyses were carried out at days 0, 3, and 7 (17 °C) for microbial presence and sperm chromatin structure analysis: %DFI (DNA fragmentation) and %HDS (chromatin immaturity), monobromobimane (mBBr; free thiols and disulfide bridges), and chromomycin A3 (CMA3; chromatin compaction). Besides comparing bacterial presence (7 species identified) and chromatin variables between treatments, the associations between these sets of variables were described by canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Results showed a significant decrease of some bacteria or a complete removal after SLC (especially for P30). SLC also caused a decrease of %HDS and an increase of disulfide bridges and low and medium mBBr populations, suggesting the removal of immature sperm (poor chromatin compaction). CCA showed an association pattern compatible with the degradation of sperm chromatin parameters with bacterial contamination, especially Enterobacteria, P. aeuriginosa, and K. variicola. In conclusion, bacterial contamination affects sperm chromatin beyond DNA fragmentation; SLC with low-density colloid not only removes bacteria from boar semen, but also chromatin structure is enhanced after selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estíbaliz Lacalle
- Institute of Animal Health and Cattle Development (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, León, Spain; Bianor Biotech SL, León, Spain
| | - Estela Fernández-Alegre
- Institute of Animal Health and Cattle Development (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, León, Spain; Bianor Biotech SL, León, Spain
| | - Cristina Soriano-Úbeda
- Institute of Animal Health and Cattle Development (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, León, Spain; Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy (Animal Medicine and Surgery), Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | | | - Juan Carlos Domínguez
- Institute of Animal Health and Cattle Development (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, León, Spain; Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy (Animal Medicine and Surgery), Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - J Ramiro González-Montaña
- Institute of Animal Health and Cattle Development (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, León, Spain; Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Anatomy (Animal Medicine and Surgery), Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Jane M Morrell
- Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-75057, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Felipe Martínez-Pastor
- Institute of Animal Health and Cattle Development (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, León, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology (Cell Biology), Universidad de León, León, Spain.
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19
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Lacalle E, Martínez-Martínez S, Fernández-Alegre E, Soriano-Úbeda C, Morrell J, Martínez-Pastor F. Low-density colloid centrifugation removes bacteria from boar semen doses after spiking with selected species. Res Vet Sci 2023; 158:215-225. [PMID: 37031470 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-layer centrifugation (SLC) with a low-density colloid is an efficient method for removing contaminating microorganisms from boar semen while recovering most spermatozoa from the original sample. This study tested the performance of this technique, using 50-ml tubes, by spiking commercial semen doses prepared without antibiotics with selected bacterial species followed by storage at 17 °C. The doses were spiked up to 102/ml CFU (colony forming units) of the bacteria Burkholderia ambifaria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus simulans. The semen was processed by SLC (15 ml of sample and 15 ml of colloid) with the colloid Porcicoll at 20% (P20) and 30% (P30), with a spiked control (CTL) and an unspiked control (CTL0), analyzing microbiology and sperm quality on days 0, 3 and 7. SLC completely removed B. ambifaria and S. simulans, considerably reducing P. aeruginosa and overall contamination (especially P30, ∼104 CFU/ml of total contamination on day 7, median). Sperm viability was lower in P20 and P30 samples at day 0, with higher cytoplasmic ROS. Still, results were similar in all groups on day 3 and reversed on day 7, indicating a protective effect of SLC (possibly directly by removal of damaged sperm and indirectly because of lower bacterial contamination). Sperm chromatin was affected by the treatment (lower DNA fragmentation and chromatin decondensation) and storage (higher overall condensation on day 7 as per chromomycin A3 and monobromobimane staining). In conclusion, SLC with low-density colloids can remove most bacteria in a controlled contamination design while potentially improving sperm quality and long-term storage at practical temperatures.
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20
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Tvrdá E, Ďuračka M, Benko F, Kováčik A, Lovíšek D, Gálová E, Žiarovská J, Schwarzová M, Kačániová M. Ejaculatory Abstinence Affects the Sperm Quality in Normozoospermic Men-How Does the Seminal Bacteriome Respond? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043503. [PMID: 36834909 PMCID: PMC9963725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to describe bacterial profiles of ejaculates collected following a long and short ejaculatory abstinence set in the context of changes in the conventional, oxidative, and immunological characteristics of semen. Two specimens were collected in succession from normozoospermic men (n = 51) following 2 days and 2 h, respectively. Semen samples were processed and analyzed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 guidelines. Afterwards, sperm DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial function, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity, and oxidative damage to sperm lipids and proteins were evaluated in each specimen. Selected cytokine levels were quantified using the ELISA method. Bacterial identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry revealed that samples collected following two days of abstinence presented with a higher bacterial load and diversity, and a greater prevalence of potentially uropathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Only staphylococci and Escherichia coli remained present in specimens obtained after 2 h of abstinence. Whilst all samples accomplished the criteria set by WHO, a significantly higher motility (p < 0.05), membrane integrity (p < 0.05), mitochondrial membrane potential (p < 0.05), and DNA integrity (p < 0.0001) were detected following 2 h of ejaculatory abstinence. On the other hand, significantly higher ROS levels (p < 0.001), protein oxidation (p < 0.001), and lipid peroxidation (p < 0.01) accompanied by significantly higher concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (p < 0.05), interleukin-6 (p < 0.01), and interferon gamma (p < 0.05) were observed in specimens collected after two days of abstinence. It may be summarized that shorter ejaculatory abstinence does not compromise sperm quality in normozoospermic men, while it contributes to a decreased occurrence of bacteria in semen which is accompanied by a lower probability of damage to spermatozoa by ROS or pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tvrdá
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-37-641-4918
| | - Michal Ďuračka
- AgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Filip Benko
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Anton Kováčik
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Lovíšek
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská Dolina, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eliška Gálová
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská Dolina, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Žiarovská
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Marianna Schwarzová
- Department of Fruit Science, Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Department of Fruit Science, Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, Cwiklinskiej 1, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
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21
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Paira DA, Olivera C, Tissera AD, Molina RI, Olmedo JJ, Rivero VE, Saka HA, Motrich RD. Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis urogenital infections associate with semen inflammation and decreased sperm quality. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:18-26. [PMID: 36822158 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis are among the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections proposed to induce urogenital inflammation and impair sperm quality. However, the topic remains controversial since contradictory findings have been reported. Herein, we performed a comprehensive analysis of U. urealyticum and M. hominis urogenital infections and their association with urogenital inflammation (i.e., leukocyte subsets and inflammatory cytokines in semen,) and sperm quality parameters in a cohort of men with couple's primary infertility undergoing initial infertility evaluation or with lower urinary tract symptoms and no infertility-related complaints. Overall, U. urealyticum and M. hominis infection was detected in 17.0% and 23.6% of patients, respectively, whereas the coinfection was detected in 3.8% of patients only. Remarkably, similar infection frequencies were found in the different patient subpopulations analyzed. Moreover, infections were associated with elevated semen levels of TNF, IL-1β, and IL-6 and/or increased counts of total leukocytes and their subsets, including CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes and neutrophils. In addition, M. hominis infection and the coinfection with U. urealyticum were associated with impairments in sperm quality variables. Our results indicate that U. urealyticum and M. hominis male urogenital infections induce urogenital inflammation and decrease sperm quality, thus impairing male fertility potential. Screening for U. urealyticum and M. hominis infections and performing a comprehensive analysis of different leukocyte subsets and inflammatory cytokines in semen may be clinically helpful in the diagnosis and follow-up of male urogenital infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Paira
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina Olivera
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea D Tissera
- Laboratorio de Andrología y Reproducción (LAR), Blvd. Chacabuco 1123, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rosa I Molina
- Laboratorio de Andrología y Reproducción (LAR), Blvd. Chacabuco 1123, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José J Olmedo
- Servicio de Urologia y Andrologia, Fundación Urológica Córdoba para la Docencia e Investigación Médica (FUCDIM), Bartolomé de las casas 3765, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Virginia E Rivero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Héctor A Saka
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ruben D Motrich
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
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22
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Chand N, Pande M, Tyagi S, Sirohi AS, Mahajan S, Kumar S, Sarika, Sharma A. Antibiogram of Microorganisms Isolated from Fresh and Frozen Semen of Crossbred Frieswal Bulls. CRYOLETTERS 2022. [DOI: 10.54680/fr22610110512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The bacterial contaminants in the semen are a major concern for most of the semen production laboratories because they adversely affect the semen quality. During sperm cryopreservation, the inclusion of antimicrobials in extenders may help to minimize bacterial growth.
However, due to bacterial resistance to commonly used antimicrobials, they cannot fully assure microbiological safety to the frozen semen. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the microbial load and antibiogram of microorganisms isolated from the fresh and frozen bull semen. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The bacterial load was estimated in fresh and frozen semen samples of crossbred Frieswal bulls by the pour plate method. Microorganisms were identified as Gram positive and Gram negative by Gram staining. The representative bacterial colonies were streaked onto different specific media which
were further confirmed by biochemical tests. Bacterial isolates were subjected to in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test. RESULTS: The average microbial load of fresh and frozen semen samples was found to be 8397.4±524.31 cfu/mL and 680.87±105.41cfu/mL, respectively. Microorganisms
belonging to Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Proteus, Klebsiella, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Actinomyces, E. coli, Rhodococcus, Neisseria and Micrococcus were identified in the semen samples. The antibiotic sensitivity testing of the bacterial isolates
revealed that benzyl penicillin was found to be the least effective against the isolated organisms while gentamicin and spectinomycin were found to be most effective among the antibiotics used. Lincomycin, tylosin and streptomycin showed moderate efficacy against the bacterial isolates.
CONCLUSION: Gentamicin, tylosin, lincomycin, and spectinomycin (GTLS) antibiotic combination is more effective against bacterial isolates and may be added to semen extender to better control bacterial load and semen quality. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimi Chand
- Division of Cattle Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt-250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Megha Pande
- Division of Cattle Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt-250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shrikant Tyagi
- Division of Cattle Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt-250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajayvir S Sirohi
- Division of Cattle Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt-250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sumit Mahajan
- Division of Cattle Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt-250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Division of Cattle Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt-250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarika
- Division of Cattle Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt-250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Division of Cattle Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt-250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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23
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Morawiec E, Czerwiński M, Czerwińska AB, Wiczkowski A. Semen dysbiosis—just a male problem? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:815786. [PMID: 36176582 PMCID: PMC9514095 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.815786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminal microflora is crucial to male fertility. Dysbiosis—disturbance of quantitative ratios of individual bacteria or appearance of pathogenic species—rarely results in symptomatic disease. Inflammation results in decreased sperm production, lower motility, or morphological changes and, in the long term, can cause ejaculatory duct obstruction, leading to infertility. Moreover, it may cause infection of the partner’s female genital tract. Dysbiosis in both partners results in fertility problems, disorders in embryo implantation, or miscarriages. In addition, chronic inflammation of the male genitourinary system may accelerate the appearance of antisperm antibodies. A comprehensive examination of seminal microflora can clarify the causes of infertility or prevent pathological conditions that affect seminal parameters. Seminal microflora as a direct impact on fertility problems as well as a decrease in the effectiveness of assisted reproduction methods, insemination, or in vitro procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Morawiec
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
- Gyncentrum Sp. z o.o. Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
- *Correspondence: Emilia Morawiec,
| | - Michał Czerwiński
- Gyncentrum Sp. z o.o. Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, Katowice, Poland
- American Medical Clinic, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Bednarska- Czerwińska
- Gyncentrum Sp. z o.o. Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, Katowice, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wiczkowski
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Technology in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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24
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Tvrdá E, Ďuračka M, Benko F, Lukáč N. Bacteriospermia - A formidable player in male subfertility. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1001-1029. [PMID: 36060647 PMCID: PMC9386612 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial colonization of male reproductive tissues, cells, and fluids, and the subsequent impact of bacteria on the sperm architecture, activity, and fertilizing potential, has recently gained increased attention from the medical and scientific community. Current evidence strongly emphasizes the fact that the presence of bacteria in semen may have dire consequences on the resulting male fertility. Nevertheless, the molecular basis underlying bacteriospermia-associated suboptimal semen quality is sophisticated, multifactorial, and still needs further understanding. Bacterial adhesion and subsequent sperm agglutination and immobilization represent the most direct pathway of sperm-bacterial interactions. Furthermore, the release of bacterial toxins and leukocytic infiltration, associated with a massive outburst of reactive oxygen species, have been repeatedly associated with sperm dysfunction in bacteria-infested semen. This review serves as a summary of the present knowledge on bacteriospermia-associated male subfertility. Furthermore, we strived to outline the currently available methods for assessing bacterial profiles in semen and to outline the most promising strategies for the prevention and/or management of bacteriospermia in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tvrdá
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Nitra-Chrenová, 949 76, Slovakia
| | - Michal Ďuračka
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Nitra-Chrenová, 949 76, Slovakia
| | - Filip Benko
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Nitra-Chrenová, 949 76, Slovakia
| | - Norbert Lukáč
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Nitra-Chrenová, 949 76, Slovakia
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25
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Possible Implications of Bacteriospermia on the Sperm Quality, Oxidative Characteristics, and Seminal Cytokine Network in Normozoospermic Men. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158678. [PMID: 35955814 PMCID: PMC9369207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the identification of bacterial profiles of semen in normozoospermic men and their possible involvement in changes to the sperm structural integrity and functional activity. Furthermore, we studied possible fluctuations of selected cytokines, oxidative markers, and antibacterial proteins as a result of bacterial presence in the ejaculate. Sperm motility was assessed with computer-assisted sperm analysis, while sperm apoptosis, necrosis and acrosome integrity were examined with fluorescent methods. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was quantified via luminometry, sperm DNA fragmentation was evaluated using the TUNEL protocol and chromatin-dispersion test, while the JC-1 assay was applied to evaluate the mitochondrial membrane potential. Cytokine levels were quantified with the biochip assay, whilst selected antibacterial proteins were quantified using the ELISA method. The predominant species identified by the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry were Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus capitis and Micrococcus luteus. The results revealed that the sperm quality decreased proportionally to the increasing bacterial load and occurrence of conditionally pathogenic bacteria, including Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed a substantial resistance of randomly selected bacterial strains to ampicillin, vancomycin, tobramycin, and tetracycline. Furthermore, an increased bacterial quantity in semen was accompanied by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha as well as ROS overproduction and lipid peroxidation of the sperm membranes. Our results suggest that semen quality may be notably affected by the bacterial quantity as well as quality. It seems that bacteriospermia may be associated with inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, sperm structural deterioration, and a subsequent risk for the development of subfertility, even in normozoospermic males.
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26
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Bacteriospermia and Male Infertility: Role of Oxidative Stress. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1358:141-163. [PMID: 35641869 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89340-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Male infertility is one of the major challenging and prevalent diseases having diverse etiologies of which bacteriospermia play a significant role. It has been estimated that approximately 15% of all infertility cases are due to infections caused by uropathogens and in most of the cases bacteria are involved in infection and inflammation leading to the development of bacteriospermia. In response to bacterial load, excess infiltration of leukocytes in the urogenital tract occurs and concomitantly generates oxidative stress (OS). Bacteria may induce infertility either by directly interacting with sperm or by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impair sperm parameters such as motility, volume, capacitation, hyperactivation. They may also induce apoptosis leading to sperm death. Acute bacteriospermia is related with another clinical condition called leukocytospermia and both compromise male fertility potential by OS-mediated damage to sperm leading to male infertility. However, bacteriospermia as a clinical condition as well as the mechanism of action remains poorly understood, necessitating further research in order to understand the role of individual bacterial species and their impact in male infertility.
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27
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Venneri MA, Franceschini E, Sciarra F, Rosato E, D'Ettorre G, Lenzi A. Human genital tracts microbiota: dysbiosis crucial for infertility. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:1151-1160. [PMID: 35113404 PMCID: PMC9098539 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human body is colonized by trillions of microbes, influenced by several factors, both endogenous, as hormones and circadian regulation, and exogenous as, life-style habits and nutrition. The alteration of such factors can lead to microbial dysbiosis, a phenomenon which, in turn, represents a risk factor in many different pathologies including cancer, diabetes, autoimmune and cardiovascular disease, and infertility. Female microbiota dysbiosis (vaginal, endometrial, placental) and male microbiota dysbiosis (seminal fluid) can influence the fertility, determining a detrimental impact on various conditions, as pre-term birth, neonatal illnesses, and macroscopic sperm parameters impairments. Furthermore, unprotected sexual intercourse creates a bacterial exchange between partners, and, in addition, each partner can influence the microbiota composition of partner's reproductive tracts. This comprehensive overview of the effects of bacterial dysbiosis in both sexes and how partners might influence each other will allow for better personalization of infertility management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - E Franceschini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Sciarra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E Rosato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G D'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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28
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Volz Y, Ebner B, Pfitzinger P, Berg E, Lellig E, Marcon J, Trottmann M, Becker A, Stief CG, Magistro G. Asymptomatic bacteriospermia and infertility-what is the connection? Infection 2022; 50:1499-1505. [PMID: 35471630 PMCID: PMC9705509 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-022-01828-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of asymptomatic bacteriospermia on semen quality in subfertile men. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, single-centre cohort study in 1300 subfertile men. In those diagnosed with asymptomatic bacteriospermia we performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to evaluate the strain-specific association with semen parameters. RESULTS Asymptomatic bacteriospermia was diagnosed in 3.2% of patients. The microbiological semen analysis revealed a poly-microbial result in 60%. The most common bacterial species were coagulase-negative Staphylococci species (71.4%), Streptococcus viridans (50.0%) and Enterococcus faecalis (26.2%). Sexually transmitted pathogens were identified in 11.9% of semen samples. The detection of Streptococcus viridians or Haemophilus parainfluenzae correlated with impaired sperm morphology (p < 0.05). The presence of coagulase-negative Staphylococci species or Enterococcus faecalis was associated with pathological low counts of live spermatozoa (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis only Enterococcus faecalis showed a significant impact on sperm concentration (OR 4.48; 95% CI 1.06-22.10; p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS Asymptomatic bacteriospermia has always been a subject of great controversy. There is still an ongoing debate whether to treat or not to treat. Here, we demonstrate that asymptomatic bacteriospermia is clearly associated with impaired semen quality. Our findings speak in favour of strain-specific interactions with semen parameters. Especially Enterococcus faecalis seriously affects sperm concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannic Volz
- Department of Urology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Ebner
- Department of Urology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Paulo Pfitzinger
- Department of Urology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Elena Berg
- Department of Urology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Lellig
- Department of Urology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Marcon
- Department of Urology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Armin Becker
- Department of Urology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian G Stief
- Department of Urology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Magistro
- Department of Urology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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29
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Sharma R, Gupta S, Agarwal A, Henkel R, Finelli R, Parekh N, Saleh R, Arafa M, Ko E, Zini A, Tadros N, Shah R, Ambar RF, Elbardisi H, Sengupta P, Martinez M, Boitrelle F, Simopoulou M, Vogiatzi P, Gosalvez J, Kavoussi P, Kandil H, Palani A, Rodriguez Peña M, Rajmil O, Busetto GM, Anagnostopoulou C, Micic S, Alves MG, Rocco L, Mostafa T, Alvarez JG, Jindal S, Sallam HN, Maldonado Rosas I, Lewis SEM, AlSaid S, Altan M, Park HJ, Ramsay J, Parekattil S, Sabbaghian M, Tremellen K, Khalafalla K, Durairajanayagam D, Colpi GM. Relevance of Leukocytospermia and Semen Culture and Its True Place in Diagnosing and Treating Male Infertility. World J Mens Health 2022; 40:191-207. [PMID: 34169683 PMCID: PMC8987138 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The current WHO 2010 manual for human semen analysis defines leukocytospermia as the presence of peroxidase-positive leukocytes at a concentration >1×106/mL of semen. Granular leukocytes when activated are capable of generating high levels of reactive oxygen species in semen resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has been correlated with poor sperm quality, increased level of sperm DNA fragmentation and low fertility potential. The presence of leukocytes and pathogens in the semen may be a sign of infection and/or localized inflammatory response in the male genital tract and the accessory glands. Common uro-pathogens including Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis, and Escherichia coli can cause epididymitis, epididymo-orchitis, or prostatitis. The relationship between leukocytospermia and infection is unclear. Therefore, we describe the pathogens responsible for male genital tract infections and their association with leukocytospermia. The review also examines the diagnostic tests available to identify seminal leukocytes. The role of leukocytospermia in male infertility and its management is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sharma
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sajal Gupta
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Ralf Henkel
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Renata Finelli
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Neel Parekh
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ramadan Saleh
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Arafa
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Edmund Ko
- Department of Urology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Armand Zini
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicholas Tadros
- Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Rupin Shah
- Department of Urology, Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Rafael F Ambar
- Department of Urology, Centro Universitario em Saude do ABC/Andrology Group at Ideia Fertil Institute of Human Reproduction, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Haitham Elbardisi
- Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Marlon Martinez
- Section of Urology, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Florence Boitrelle
- Reproductive Biology, Fertility Preservation, Andrology, CECOS, Poissy Hospital, Poissy, France
- Paris Saclay University, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Mara Simopoulou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Maroussi, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Vogiatzi
- Andromed Health & Reproduction, Fertility Diagnostics Laboratory, Maroussi, Greece
| | - Jaime Gosalvez
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Parviz Kavoussi
- Austin Fertility and Reproductive Medicine/Westlake IVF, Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Ayad Palani
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Garmian, Kalar, Iraq
| | - Marcelo Rodriguez Peña
- Departamento Docencia e Investigación, Hospital Militar Campo de Mayo, Universidad Barcelo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Rajmil
- Clinical and training Centre of the European Academy of Andrology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gian Maria Busetto
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Sava Micic
- Department of Andrology, Uromedica Polyclinic, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Anatomy & Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucia Rocco
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Taymour Mostafa
- Department of Andrology, Sexology & STIs, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Juan G Alvarez
- Centro ANDROGEN, La Coruña, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sunil Jindal
- Department of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Jindal Hospital, Meerut, India
| | - Hassan N Sallam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Israel Maldonado Rosas
- Centerf Technological Innovation, and Reproductive Medicine (CITMER), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sheena E M Lewis
- Examenlab Ltd., Weavers Court Business Park, Linfield Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sami AlSaid
- Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mesut Altan
- Department of Urology, Haceppete University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hyun Jun Park
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Medical Research Institute of Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | | | - Sijo Parekattil
- Avant Concierge Urology & University of Central Florida, Winter Garden, FL, USA
| | - Marjan Sabbaghian
- Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kelton Tremellen
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | | | - Damayanthi Durairajanayagam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
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Gachet C, Prat M, Burucoa C, Grivard P, Pichon M. Spermatic Microbiome Characteristics in Infertile Patients: Impact on Sperm Count, Mobility, and Morphology. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061505. [PMID: 35329834 PMCID: PMC8952859 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Through sperm alteration, semen microbiota tend to be recognized as a cause of infertility, but due to the limited number of studies focusing on this ecological niche, this hypothesis remains controversial. This study aimed to characterize and compare the bacterial communities of sperm samples from patients undergoing couple infertility treatment at the time of diagnosis. The study was prospective (September 2019 to March 2020), monocentric, and focused on alterations of spermatic parameters: count, motility, and morphology. After the amplification of the 16S rDNA (V1 to V3), libraries (n = 91, including 53 patients with abnormalities) were sequenced using the MiSeq platform (Illumina). After quality control processing using a homemade pipeline (QIIME2 modules), the main genera were: Prevotella, Finegoldia, Pseudomonas, Peptinophilus, Streptococcus, Anaerococcus and Corynebacterium. Restricted diversity was observed in samples from patients with abnormal sperm morphology (α-diversity, p < 0.05), whereas diversity increased in patients with an abnormal sperm count (β-diversity, p < 0.05). The enrichment of the genus Prevotella and Haemophilus was observed in negative sperm culture samples and samples with abnormal counts, respectively (p < 0.05). Microbiota differed in their composition according to sperm parameters. Finally, this work highlights the need for the optimization of the management of couples undergoing infertility treatment, possibly by modulating the genital microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Gachet
- Laboratory of Andrology and Medically Assisted Reproduction Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.G.); (P.G.)
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Agents Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France; (M.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Manon Prat
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Agents Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France; (M.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Christophe Burucoa
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Agents Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France; (M.P.); (C.B.)
- INSERM Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1070 Pharmacology of Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France
| | - Philippe Grivard
- Laboratory of Andrology and Medically Assisted Reproduction Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France; (C.G.); (P.G.)
| | - Maxime Pichon
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Agents Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France; (M.P.); (C.B.)
- INSERM Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1070 Pharmacology of Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance, University of Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-5-49-444-143
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The Semen Microbiome and Semen Parameters in Healthy Stallions. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050534. [PMID: 35268102 PMCID: PMC8908834 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Stallion infertility is a major cause of concern in the horse industry. Despite zootechnics advances, sub- or infertile animals appear in stud farms without a toxic, genetic, or nutritional reason. Recent research in human andrology has opened the door for a new, plausible factor that affects sperm quality: seminal microflora. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of evidence regarding the relationship between different seminal flora compositions and male fertility. However, little has been studied in veterinary science, including horses. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine associations with the presence of bacteria families in horse semen with five sperm quality parameters: concentration, total number of spermatozoa, total and progressive sperm motility, and DNA fragmentation. Our study detected a correlation between the presence of the Peptoniphilaceae family and higher total motility and the presence of Clostridiales Incertae Sedis XI and lower progressive motility. These changes in seminal flora may contribute to the idiopathically poorer sperm quality in certain animals. Although further mechanisms behind bacteria–spermatozoa interactions are unknown, these associations are already leading to a new therapeutic approach to infertility: the use of prebiotics, which has already yielded promising results in human andrology. Abstract Despite the advances in reproductive technology, there is still a considerable number of low sperm quality cases in stallions. Recent studies in humans have detected several seminal microflora–spermatozoa associations behind some idiopathic infertility cases. However, no studies are available on horses, and there is limited information on the microflora present in stallion ejaculates. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to examine associations to the presence of bacteria families with five sperm quality parameters: concentration, total number of spermatozoa, total and progressive motility, and DNA fragmentation. Samples were cryopreserved after their extraction. High-speed homogenization using grinding media was performed for cell disruption. Family identification was performed via 16S rRNA sequencing. Bacterial families were only considered if the relative abundance was higher than 1%. Only two families appeared to have a correlation with two sperm quality parameters. Peptoniphilaceae correlated positively with total sperm motility, whereas Clostridiales Incertae Sedis XI correlated negatively with progressive motility. No significant differences were found for the rest of the parameters. In conclusion, the seminal microbiome may affect spermatozoa activity. Our findings are based on statistical associations; thus, further studies are needed to understand the internal interactions between seminal flora and cells.
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Das S, Roychoudhury S, Roychoudhury S, Agarwal A, Henkel R. Role of Infection and Leukocytes in Male Infertility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1358:115-140. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89340-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Composition and diversity of the seminal microbiota in bulls and its association with semen parameters. Theriogenology 2022; 182:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Microbiome-based therapeutics: Opportunity and challenges. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 191:229-262. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tvrdá E, Kačániová M, Baláži A, Vašíček J, Vozaf J, Jurčík R, Ďuračka M, Žiarovská J, Kováč J, Chrenek P. The Impact of Bacteriocenoses on Sperm Vitality, Immunological and Oxidative Characteristics of Ram Ejaculates: Does the Breed Play a Role? Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010054. [PMID: 35011159 PMCID: PMC8749681 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial contamination of semen is an often overlooked, yet important, factor contributing to decreased sperm vitality. Understanding the impact of bacterial presence on sperm structural integrity and functional activity may assist the development of effective strategies to prevent, or manage, bacteriospermia in the breeding practice. The aim of this study was to describe the bacterial profiles of ram semen (n = 35), and we also focused on the associations between bacteriospermia, sperm structure, and function, as well as oxidative and inflammatory characteristics of semen. For a better insight, the samples were divided into three groups, according to the breeds used in the study: native Wallachian (NW), improved Wallachian (IW), and Slovak dairy (SD) breeds. The results showed a significantly lower motility and membrane integrity in the NW group in comparison to the IW and SD groups, which was accompanied by a significantly higher concentration of leukocytes, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and subsequent oxidative insults to the sperm lipids and proteins. Accordingly, the NW group presented with the highest bacterial load, in which Staphylococcus and Escherichia were the predominant representatives. The Pearson correlation analysis uncovered positive relationships amongst the bacterial load and leukocytospermia (r = 0.613), the extent of lipid peroxidation (r = 0.598), protein oxidation (r = 0.514), and DNA fragmentation (r = 0.638). Furthermore, positive correlations were found between the bacterial load and pro-inflammatory molecules, such as the C-reactive protein (r = 0.592), interleukin 1 (r = 0.709), and interleukin 6 (r = 0.474), indicating a possible involvement of the immune response in the process of bacteriospermia. Overall, our data indicate that ram semen quality may be equally affected by the bacterial load and diversity. Furthermore, we can assume that the presence of bacteria in ejaculates triggers inflammatory processes, causes ROS overproduction, and, thereby, contributes to alterations in the sperm structure, while at the same time compromising the fertilization ability of male gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tvrdá
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (E.T.); (J.V.); (J.V.); (M.Ď.); (J.K.)
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, Cwiklinskiej 1, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Andrej Baláži
- NPPC, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecka 2, 95141 Luzianky, Slovakia; (A.B.); (R.J.)
| | - Jaromír Vašíček
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (E.T.); (J.V.); (J.V.); (M.Ď.); (J.K.)
- NPPC, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecka 2, 95141 Luzianky, Slovakia; (A.B.); (R.J.)
| | - Jakub Vozaf
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (E.T.); (J.V.); (J.V.); (M.Ď.); (J.K.)
| | - Rastislav Jurčík
- NPPC, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecka 2, 95141 Luzianky, Slovakia; (A.B.); (R.J.)
| | - Michal Ďuračka
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (E.T.); (J.V.); (J.V.); (M.Ď.); (J.K.)
| | - Jana Žiarovská
- Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Ján Kováč
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (E.T.); (J.V.); (J.V.); (M.Ď.); (J.K.)
| | - Peter Chrenek
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia; (E.T.); (J.V.); (J.V.); (M.Ď.); (J.K.)
- NPPC, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, Hlohovecka 2, 95141 Luzianky, Slovakia; (A.B.); (R.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-37-654-6285
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Rumph JT, Rayford KJ, Stephens VR, Ameli S, Nde PN, Osteen KG, Bruner-Tran KL. A Preconception Paternal Fish Oil Diet Prevents Toxicant-Driven New Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Neonatal Mice. TOXICS 2021; 10:7. [PMID: 35051049 PMCID: PMC8778469 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a developmental lung disease associated with placental dysfunction and impaired alveolarization. Risk factors for new BPD include prematurity, delayed postnatal growth, the dysregulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and parental exposure to toxicants. Our group previously reported that a history of paternal toxicant exposure increased the risk of prematurity and low birth weight in offspring. A history of paternal toxicant exposure also increased the offspring's risk of new BPD and disease severity was increased in offspring who additionally received a supplemental formula diet, which has also been linked to poor lung development. Risk factors associated with new BPD are well-defined, but it is unclear whether the disease can be prevented. Herein, we assessed whether a paternal fish oil diet could attenuate the development of new BPD in the offspring of toxicant exposed mice, with and without neonatal formula feeding. We investigated the impact of a paternal fish oil diet preconception because we previously reported that this intervention reduces the risk of TCDD associated placental dysfunction, prematurity, and low birth weight. We found that a paternal fish oil diet significantly reduced the risk of new BPD in neonatal mice with a history of paternal toxicant exposure regardless of neonatal diet. Furthermore, our evidence suggests that the protective effects of a paternal fish oil diet are mediated in part by the modulation of small molecules involved in EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelonia T. Rumph
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Ave S, MCN B-1100, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.T.R.); (V.R.S.); (S.A.); (K.G.O.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (K.J.R.); (P.N.N.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Kayla J. Rayford
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (K.J.R.); (P.N.N.)
| | - Victoria R. Stephens
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Ave S, MCN B-1100, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.T.R.); (V.R.S.); (S.A.); (K.G.O.)
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Sharareh Ameli
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Ave S, MCN B-1100, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.T.R.); (V.R.S.); (S.A.); (K.G.O.)
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Pius N. Nde
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (K.J.R.); (P.N.N.)
| | - Kevin G. Osteen
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Ave S, MCN B-1100, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.T.R.); (V.R.S.); (S.A.); (K.G.O.)
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Kaylon L. Bruner-Tran
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Ave S, MCN B-1100, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (J.T.R.); (V.R.S.); (S.A.); (K.G.O.)
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Babakhani S, Eslami M, Kazemi MJ, Shirsalimian MS, Rajabi S. Association between the presence of Mycoplasma spp. and male infertility. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2021; 42:1374-1380. [PMID: 34937499 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2021.1980510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
While male infertility has been associated with Mycoplasma infections, few studies have investigated the association between Mycoplasma infection and male infertility. Therefore, this study aimed at addressing this issue. Semen samples were collected from 136 patients (68 infertile men and 68 fertile men) in the Central Laboratory of Yazd, Iran. Of semen samples collected from 68 infertile and 68 fertile men, 13 (19.12%) and 2 (2.94%) cases were positive for Mycoplasma spp. using PCR, respectively. Among Mycoplasma-infected infertile men, 10 and 6 men showed abnormal sperm morphology and motility, respectively. None of the positive samples for Mycoplasma spp. was positive for M. hominis and one of the positive samples for Mycoplasma spp. belonged to Mycoplasma hyorhinis (strain NBRC 14858). The presence of Mycoplasma spp. was significantly higher in infertile men (p = .003). Mycoplasma infection was relatively high in infertile men. The surprising issue was the absence of M. hominis and the presence of M. hyorhinis strain NBRC 14858 in the semen of infertile men. Therefore, investigating reproductive tract infections caused by other Mycoplasma spp. should be taken into consideration in male infertility.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? Mycoplasma hyorhinis has been mostly reported as a cause of animal respiratory tract infections and the development of various cancers. Information on the association of M. hyorhinis with male infertility is not yet available.What do the results of this study add? This study shows that the presence of M. hyorhinis in the semen of infertile men may be associated with infertility. This study shows that the investigation of unpredictable species of genus Mycoplasma such as M. hyorhinis in the semen of infertile men is essential.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The results of the present study indicate that in addition to M. genitalium and M. hominis, studies on the role of M. hyorhinis in reproductive tract infections and infertility should be expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Babakhani
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Eslami
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Kazemi
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Sajad Rajabi
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Seminal and testicular microbiome and male fertility: A systematic review. Porto Biomed J 2021; 6:e151. [PMID: 34881355 PMCID: PMC8647872 DOI: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Microbiome is of upmost importance for the well-being of the human body. Based on culture and PCR methods, seminal flora has been pointed as a potential cause for some of the unexplained male infertility. This is a systematic review about the effect of seminal microbiota studied by Next Generation Sequencing techniques on sperm quality and male fertility, performed according to PRISMA statement. Nine articles were included. Results of different studies are diverse. It seems that microbiota may a play a role in seminal quality and further male fertility, but the way this effect is modulated is still to be unknown. Lactobacillus spp seemed to play a beneficial role in semen quality, but the role of the remaining bacteria is unclear. Due to the lack of research and the incongruence of the results so far, the effect of microbiota on seminal quality is still unclear.
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Ho CLT, Vaughan-Constable DR, Ramsay J, Jayasena C, Tharakan T, Yap T, Whiteman I, Graham N, Minhas S, Homa ST. The relationship between genitourinary microorganisms and oxidative stress, sperm DNA fragmentation and semen parameters in infertile men. Andrologia 2021; 54:e14322. [PMID: 34817086 DOI: 10.1111/and.14322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An imbalance in the genitourinary microbiome is emerging as a contributing factor to male infertility. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an association between genitourinary microorganisms and seminal oxidative stress, sperm DNA fragmentation and semen parameters. It included 770 men attending for diagnostic testing for subfertility. Genitourinary microorganisms were identified in 43.0% men; 20.1% had microorganisms in semen; 18.7% in urine; and 5.8% had microorganisms in urine and semen. Enterococcus faecalis was the most prevalent organism in semen (22.0% samples; 61.5% organisms) with Ureaplasma spp. (16.9% samples; 53.3% organisms) and Gardnerella vaginalis (11.4% samples; 37.4% organisms) most prevalent in urine. Semen parameters were unaffected by microorganisms (p > 0.05). Seminal ROS were significantly higher in men with microorganisms compared to those without (p < 0.001), particularly when present in both urine and semen (p < 0.01). Microorganisms were associated with significantly higher DNA fragmentation, irrespective of whether they were in semen or urine (p < 0.001). An imbalance in the genitourinary microbiome is associated with DNA damage and oxidative stress which may have considerable consequences for achieving an ongoing pregnancy. This highlights the need for incorporating genitourinary microorganism screening for all men as part of diagnostic evaluation prior to undergoing treatment for infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lok Tung Ho
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Ramsay
- Department of Andrology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - Channa Jayasena
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Andrology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tharu Tharakan
- Department of Andrology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tet Yap
- Department of Urology, Guys and St. Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Andrology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sheryl T Homa
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.,Andrology Solutions, London, UK
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Karthikeyan M, N S K, Singh R. Association of Semen Bacteriological Profile with Infertility:- A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Center. J Hum Reprod Sci 2021; 14:260-266. [PMID: 34759615 PMCID: PMC8527068 DOI: 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_49_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Infections are an important cause of male infertility. The specific effects of infections on various semen parameters remain unexplored, especially within the Indian subcontinent. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the bacteriologic profile of semen, and its effect on semen parameters, with particular emphasis given to Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis tested by semen polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Study Setting and Design: The research was a cross-sectionl analaytical study conducted in a tertiary care center in South India from March 2018 to November 2019, on 48 male partners of couples presenting with infertility. Methodology: After obtaining informed consent from the study participants, semen collection was done. The sample was subjected to standard semen analysis according to the WHO 2010 Manual, followed by bacteriological testing using routine culture methods. In addition, real-time PCR was done to test for U. urealyticum and M. hominis. Statistical Analysis: Demographic data, semen analysis parameters, bacteriological culture findings, and real-time PCR results were compared and analyzed using the software IBM® SPSS 19.0. Results: A significant difference in viscosity of semen, which was higher in the samples that were positive for real-time PCR of M. hominis, was found. Other than this, no other parameter had a statistically significant difference between culture or real-time PCR positive samples and negative samples. Conclusion: Our study, though limited by a small sample size, highlights the role played by seminal infections in the context of male infertility. Larger scale prospective studies in this area would be invaluable in deciding the management plans of male factor infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kubera N S
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Department of Microbiology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
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Nabi A, Khalili MB, Eslami G, Vakili M, Anbari F, Torki A. A comparison of different O-antigen serogroups of Escherichia coli in semen samples of fertile and infertile men. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2021; 49:33-39. [PMID: 35172539 PMCID: PMC8923631 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2020.04161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Male genital tract infections have been associated with infertility, and Escherichia coli has drawn increasing attention as an important bacterium in this context. This investigation aimed to characterize and compare the distributions of O-antigen serogroups of E. coli in the semen samples of fertile and infertile men. Methods In this case-control study, semen samples were collected from 618 fertile and 1,535 infertile men. The E. coli-positive samples were evaluated in terms of concentration, morphology, viability, and motility parameters according to the World Health Organization 2010 guidelines. Finally, different serogroups of E. coli were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting the O-antigen variations of the bacterium. Results The prevalence of E. coli among fertile men was significantly higher than among infertile men (p<0.001). The sperm morphology, viability, and motility in the E. coli-positive fertile group were significantly higher than in the E. coli-positive infertile group (p<0.001). E. coli O6 was the most prevalent serogroup found in both groups. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency of different serogroups of E. coil between the two groups (p=0.55). Conclusion Despite the higher prevalence of E. coli among fertile men, E. coli had more detrimental effects on semen parameters in infertile men. There was no significant difference in E. coli serogroups between the fertile and infertile groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nabi
- Andrology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Khalili
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Gilda Eslami
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahmood Vakili
- Community Medicine, Monitoring of Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Anbari
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alireza Torki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author: Alireza Torki Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences,Javan Blvd., Safayeh, Yazd 8916978477, Iran Tel: +98-91-3250-8432 Fax: +98-91-3250-8432 E-mail:
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Puri V, Gaur K, Hooda S, Shukla S, Sharma S. Papanicolaou-Stained Cytosmear Preparations in the Evaluation of Leucocytospermia: A Tertiary Centre Experience and Assessment of Utility. J Lab Physicians 2021; 13:208-213. [PMID: 34602783 PMCID: PMC8478504 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Leucocytospermia is a rare cause of infertility with a variable incidence in infertile men. In many andrology laboratories, semen analysis is primarily centered on analyzing basic parameters (sperm count, motility, and viability). We examined the role of cytomorphological analysis on Papanicolaou (PAP)-stained smears in the work up of male infertility, with special reference to leukocytospermia and assessed the morphological features of sperms in these cases. Materials and Methods All cases signed out as "leukocytospermia" between November 2017 and January 2018 were evaluated. Cases showing pus cells (≥ 1/5hpf) on cytosmear evaluation were also analyzed. Parameters obtained on modified Neubauer's chamber, wet mount preparations, and autoanalyzer SQA-IIC-P (Medical Electronic Systems, Israel) were tabulated. PAP-stained smears were examined to assess morphological defects and other findings, if any. Results Out of 348 semen samples, 6 (1.72%) were diagnosed as leukocytospermia, all displaying pus cells on cytomorphological evaluation. Five cases having white blood cells < 1 × 10 9 /L were analyzed, which displayed the presence of pus cells (≥ 1/5 hpf) on cytosmear preparations (1.43%). Nine cases (81.8%) showed reduced motile sperm concentration, functional sperm concentration, and sperm motility index. Morphological evaluation of the PAP-stained smears showed mid-piece defects in 18.1% cases. Conclusion Diligent cytomorphological evaluation of semen is essential to diagnose leukocytospermia, assess morphological defects, and serve as a quality control measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Puri
- Department of Pathology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Kavita Gaur
- Department of Pathology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunaina Hooda
- Department of Pathology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Shailaja Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunita Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Marg, New Delhi, India
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Eini F, Kutenaei MA, Zareei F, Dastjerdi ZS, Shirzeyli MH, Salehi E. Effect of bacterial infection on sperm quality and DNA fragmentation in subfertile men with Leukocytospermia. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:42. [PMID: 34388964 PMCID: PMC8364116 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although bacterial infections have been recognized as a possible cause of male infertility, the effect of bacterial infections on sperm quality and sperm DNA fragmentation remains controversial. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of bacterial infection in subfertile men and its effect on semen quality. Seminal fluid was collected from 172 male members of infertile couples attending the andrology infertility center and a group of 35 fertile subjects as a control. Sperm parameters and DNA fragmentation were evaluated based on the type of bacteria in all ejaculates. Results From the 172 patients investigated for infertility, 60 (34.88%) patients had a positive culture for pathogenic bacteria of different species. Leukocytospermia was significantly higher in infected samples in comparison with non-infected samples (p < 0.05). Sperm concentration and motility and morphology were significantly lower in infected than non-infected samples. Moreover, sperm DNA fragmentation was significantly higher in infected than non-infected samples. Besides, our results showed that sperm DNA fragmentation was correlated significantly with leukocytospermia (R: 0.22, p < 0.01). Conclusion The present study suggested that bacterial infection significantly correlated with leukocytospermia could impair male fertility potential through decreasing sperm motility, morphology, and DNA integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Eini
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Maryam Azizi Kutenaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Fayegheh Zareei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | | | - Ensieh Salehi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Quiñones-Pérez C, Hidalgo M, Ortiz I, Crespo F, Vega-Pla JL. Characterization of the seminal bacterial microbiome of healthy, fertile stallions using next-generation sequencing. Anim Reprod 2021; 18:e20200052. [PMID: 34394753 PMCID: PMC8356074 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing studies have shown the important role microbial communities play in the male reproductive tract, indicating differences in the semen microbial composition between fertile and infertile males. Most of these studies were made on human beings but little is known regarding domestic animals. Seminal bacteria studies made in stallions mostly focus on pathogenic bacteria and on their impact on reproductive technology. However, little is known about stallion commensal seminal microflora. That ultimately hinders our capacity to associate specific bacteria to conditions or seminal quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the seminal microbial composition of 12 healthy, fertile stallion using next-generation sequencing. Hypervariable region V3 was chosen for bacterial identification. A total of nine phyla was detected. The most abundant ones were Bacteroidetes (46.50%), Firmicutes (29.92%) and Actinobacteria (13.58%). At family level, we found 69 bacterial families, but only nine are common in all samples. Porphyromonadaceae (33.18%), Peptoniphilaceae (14.09%), Corynebacteriaceae (11.32%) and Prevotellaceae (9.05%) were the most representative ones, while the Firmicutes phylum displayed the highest number of families (23, a third of the total). Samples showed high inter-subject variability. Findings previously described in other species notably differ from our findings. Families found in human such as Lactobacillaceae, Staphylococcaceae and Streptococcaceae only represented a 0.00%, 0.17% and 0.22% abundance in our samples, respectively. In conclusion, Porphyromonadaceae, Prevotellaceae, Peptoniphilaceae and Corynebacteriaceae families are highly represented in the seminal microbiome of healthy, fertile stallions. A high variation among individuals is also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Quiñones-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada, Cría Caballar de las Fuerzas Armadas, Córdoba, España
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Veterinary Reproduction Group Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España
| | - Isabel Ortiz
- Veterinary Reproduction Group Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España
| | - Francisco Crespo
- Centro Militar de Cría Caballar de Ávila, Cría Caballar de las Fuerzas Armadas, Ávila, España
| | - José Luis Vega-Pla
- Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada, Cría Caballar de las Fuerzas Armadas, Córdoba, España
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Paira DA, Molina G, Tissera AD, Olivera C, Molina RI, Motrich RD. Results from a large cross-sectional study assessing Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis urogenital infections in patients with primary infertility. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13655. [PMID: 34211075 PMCID: PMC8249471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Female and male infertility have been associated to Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis urogenital infections. However, evidence from large studies assessing their prevalence and putative associations in patients with infertility is still scarce. The study design was a cross-sectional study including 5464 patients with a recent diagnosis of couple's primary infertility and 404 healthy control individuals from Cordoba, Argentina. Overall, the prevalence of C. trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis urogenital infection was significantly higher in patients than in control individuals (5.3%, 22.8% and 7.4% vs. 2.0%, 17.8% and 1.7%, respectively). C. trachomatis and M. hominis infections were significantly more prevalent in male patients whereas Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis infections were more prevalent in female patients. Of clinical importance, C. trachomatis and Ureaplasma spp. infections were significantly higher in patients younger than 25 years. Moreover, Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis infections were associated to each other in either female or male patients being reciprocal risk factors of their co-infection. Our data revealed that C. trachomatis, Ureaplasma spp. and M. hominis are prevalent uropathogens in patients with couple's primary infertility. These results highlight the importance of including the screening of urogenital infections in the diagnostic workup of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Andrea Paira
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5016HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Molina
- Servicio de Urología y Andrología, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Carolina Olivera
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5016HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rosa Isabel Molina
- Laboratorio de Andrología y Reproducción (LAR), 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ruben Dario Motrich
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de La Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5016HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
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El-Gindy YM. Improvement in quality and storage ability of rabbit semen by using black or thyme seed as dietary supplementation. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:642-654. [PMID: 34160098 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The quality of incubated or chilled rabbit semen is quickly lowered with time due to high-rate production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Black seed (BS) and thyme (THY) are rich sources of natural antioxidants, which may be able to control ROS production and improve semen quality for use in artificial insemination. In this study, V-line rabbit bucks, seven months old, were fed diets supplemented with 50 or 100 g of BS or THY for 60 days. Semen was collected twice weekly. The quality of fresh sperm was measured, and diluted sperm was incubated for up to 12 h. Chilled, diluted sperm, stored at 4℃ for up to 3 days, was evaluated. The results indicated that BS and THY increased rabbit libido, decreased abnormal sperm and non-viable sperm percentages and significantly lowered total bacteria counts of diluted sperm. In conclusion, bucks fed a diet supplemented with BS or THY had enhanced semen quality and storage life, because of the antioxidant properties of BS and THY. The best incubation results were obtained with the THY100 treatment, whereas the best-chilled results were obtained with the BS100 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassmine Moemen El-Gindy
- Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Department of Animal and Fish Production, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Aya T, Tomioka Y, Takeuchi T. Effect of lactoferrin on murine sperm apoptosis induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1173-1177. [PMID: 34121040 PMCID: PMC8437733 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genital bacterial infection is one of the most important causes of infertility, however,
bacteria frequently exist in seminal fluid. Sperm express Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on
their cell surfaces and bacterial recognition by TLRs induces sperm apoptosis. In this
study, we examined the lactoferrin (LF) potentiality on sperm apoptosis induced by
bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL)
assay indicated that TUNEL-positive sperm cells were scarce in the group treated with LF
and LPS (LF/LPS group) compared to the group treated with LPS only (LPS group). In
addition, real-time RT-PCR detected lower mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-associated
genes in the LF/LPS group compared to the LPS group. These results indicate that LF
treatment of semen might decrease LPS-induced apoptosis of sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Aya
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yukiko Tomioka
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeuchi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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Aya T, Tomioka Y, Takeuchi T. Effect of lactoferrin on murine embryo development created from lipopolysaccharide-treated sperm. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1144-1146. [PMID: 34108340 PMCID: PMC8349819 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of lactoferrin (LF) on embryo development was investigated by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mouse sperm. For the development rate of the 2-cell stage embryo, the embryo derived from LPS- and LF-treated sperm showed similar survival rate to the control embryo. On day 12 after the embryo transfer into the recipient, the frequent abnormality was observed in the embryo derived from LPS-treated sperm, and the abnormality was tended to be inhibited in the embryo derived from LPS- and LF-treated sperm. These results imply that LF treatment on sperm contaminated with bacteria may facilitate the embryo development, which contribute to the improvement of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Aya
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yukiko Tomioka
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeuchi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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The Effect of Non-Thermal Plasma on the Structural and Functional Characteristics of Human Spermatozoa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094979. [PMID: 34067102 PMCID: PMC8124443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant antibacterial properties of non-thermal plasma (NTP) have converted this technology into a promising alternative to the widespread use of antibiotics in assisted reproduction. As substantial data available on the specific in vitro effects of NTP on male reproductive cells are currently missing, this study was designed to investigate selected quality parameters of human spermatozoa (n = 51) exposed to diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge NTP for 0 s, 15 s, 30 s, 60 s and 90 s. Sperm motility characteristics, membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA fragmentation and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were investigated immediately following exposure to NTP and 2 h post-NTP treatment. Exposure to NTP with a power input of 40 W for 15 s or 30 s was found to have no negative effects on the sperm structure or function. However, a prolonged NTP treatment impaired all the sperm quality markers in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The most likely mechanism of action of high NTP doses may be connected to ROS overproduction, leading to plasma membrane destabilization, LPO, mitochondrial failure and a subsequent loss of motility as well as DNA integrity. As such, our findings indicate that appropriate plasma exposure conditions need to be carefully selected in order to preserve the sperm vitality, should NTP be used in the practical management of bacteriospermia in the future.
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Viudes-de-Castro MP, Marco-Jimenez F, Vicente JS, Marin C. Antibacterial Activity of Some Molecules Added to Rabbit Semen Extender as Alternative to Antibiotics. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041178. [PMID: 33924203 PMCID: PMC8074584 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of two aminopeptidase inhibitors and chitosan-based nanoparticles in liquid-stored rabbit semen. This study reports that the aminopeptidase inhibitors used to prevent bacterial growth could be used in semen extender as a suitable alternative to antibiotics. Abstract Although great attention is paid to hygiene during semen collection and processing, bacteria are commonly found in the semen of healthy fertile males of different species. As the storage of extended semen might facilitate bacterial growth, extenders are commonly supplemented with antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), bestatin and chitosan-based nanoparticles added to rabbit semen extender and their effect on reproductive performance under field conditions. Four different extenders were tested, supplemented with antibiotics (TCG+AB), with EDTA and bestatin (EB), with EDTA, bestatin and chitosan-based nanoparticles (QEB) or without antibiotics (TCG-AB). Extended semen was cooled at 15 °C for three days. Cooled samples were examined for bacterial growth and semen quality every 24 h for 3 days. The enterobacteria count increased considerably during storage at 72 h in semen extended with TCG+AB and TCG-AB, while extenders EB and QEB showed a bacteriostatic effect over time. After 24, 48 and 72 h, quality characteristics were retained in all groups, with no significant motility differences, either in acrosome integrity, membrane functionality or the viability of spermatozoa. Additionally, bacterial concentration present in fresh semen did not affect reproductive performance. In conclusion, EDTA and bestatin exerted a potent bacteriostatic effect over time and could be used as an alternative to conventional antibiotics in rabbit semen extenders.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pilar Viudes-de-Castro
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (CITA-IVIA), Polígono La Esperanza n° 100, 12400 Segorbe, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Francisco Marco-Jimenez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (F.M.-J.); (J.S.V.)
| | - José S. Vicente
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (F.M.-J.); (J.S.V.)
| | - Clara Marin
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Avenida Seminario s/n, 46113 Moncada, Spain;
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