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Peretti V, Satué K, Ciotola F, Cristarella S, De Majo M, Biondi V, D’Anza E, Albarella S, Quartuccio M. An Unusual Case of Testicular Disorder in Sex Development of Arabian Mare (64,XX SRY-Negative). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111963. [PMID: 33113813 PMCID: PMC7693820 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary An interesting case of a horse with an XX, SRY-negative disorder of sexual development (DSD) is reported in this paper. In particular, the animal showed the development of both male and female portions of reproductive organs. The possible genetic background of this abnormality is also discussed. Abstract A 3-year-old Arabian mare underwent medical examinations due to the presence of abnormalities of the reproductive apparatus and stallion behavior (nervous temperament, aggressiveness, masculine attitude). During the clinical visit, an anovulvar distance shorter than normal was observed; moreover, vulvar lips were dorsally fused except for the lower neckline, showing a blind ending from which a penis-like structure protruded. The ultrasound examination revealed the presence of a cervix and corpus of a uterus, hypoplastic uterine horns, and small gonads with an echogenicity similar to a testis. Blood testosterone levels ranged from 0.4 to 0.6 ng/mL. Cytogenetic analysis showed a normal female karyotype (2n = 64,XX), while PCR amplification of SRY and ZFY genes revealed the absence of a Y chromosome. At necroscopic examination, internal genitalia arising from the genital ridge in the form of masculine type structures were found, while those deriving from the Mullerian ducts were of feminine type. In addition, an infundibular portion of the salpinx at the cranial pole of the gonads was found. This is the first case in equine species of DSD 2n = 64,XX SRY-negative, with the simultaneous presence of male (hypoplastic testicles, epididymal portions, and a penis-like structure) and female (cervix, horn and body of a hypoplastic uterus) genital structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Peretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (V.P.); (E.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Katiuska Satué
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, 46115 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Francesca Ciotola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (V.P.); (E.D.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-2536502; Fax: +39-081-292981
| | - Santo Cristarella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.M.); (V.B.); (M.Q.)
| | - Massimo De Majo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.M.); (V.B.); (M.Q.)
| | - Vito Biondi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.M.); (V.B.); (M.Q.)
| | - Emanuele D’Anza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (V.P.); (E.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Sara Albarella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (V.P.); (E.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Marco Quartuccio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (S.C.); (M.D.M.); (V.B.); (M.Q.)
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Tonekaboni FR, Narenjisani R, Staji H, Ahmadi-Hamedani M. Comparison of Cell-Free Fetal DNA Plasma Content Used to Sex Determination Between Three Trimesters of Pregnancy in Torkaman Pregnant Mare. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 95:103273. [PMID: 33276922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This investigation aimed to compare the cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) plasma present in three trimesters of pregnancy in Torkaman pregnant mare. Peripheral blood samples of 32 pregnant mares in three trimesters of pregnancy were collected in tubes containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid at three time points. Circulating cffDNA was extracted from 3 mL of maternal plasma. Using outer and inner primers, a conventional polymerase chain reaction was performed for the sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene present in the Y chromosome. Of the total 32 Torkaman pregnant mares, 24 were carrying male fetuses and eight were carrying female fetuses. In total, the accuracy of the test was 48.75%, 68.75%, and 75% in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. The sensitivities were 25%, 58.32%, and 66.66%, respectively, whereas their specificities were 100% in all trimesters. In conclusion, the SRY gene can permit the detection of equine fetal sex with good accuracy through cffDNA analysis in maternal plasma just in the third trimester of pregnancy, although specificity in all duration of pregnancy was 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Narenjisani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Hamid Staji
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Ahmadi-Hamedani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
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The Use of RNAi Technology to Interfere with Zfx Gene Increases the Male Rates of Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus) Offspring. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9549765. [PMID: 32509876 PMCID: PMC7254085 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9549765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Zinc finger protein X-linked (Zfx) was regarded to be a sex determination factor and plays a critical role in spermatogenesis. RNAi is an effective method of silencing Zfx mRNA expression. However, there has been little research on the use of RNAi technology to control the sex of the offspring of red deer (Cervus elaphus). The objective of this study was first to explore an efficient method to alter the red deer offspring sex-ratio by silencing the gene Zfx during spermatogenesis. Three recombinant expression vectors pLL3.7/A, pLL3.7/B, and pLL3.7/C were constructed to interrupt the Zfx gene. The results showed that the expression of Zfx mRNA was significantly silenced by pLL3.7/A (P < 0.01), compared with the control group. The group injected with pLL3.7/A produced 94 red deer, including 68 males and 26 females. The male rates (72.34%) were significantly higher than the control groups (P < 0.01). Our result suggests that Zfx siRNA is a useful approach to control offspring sex in red deer. This study further confirms that the Zfx gene plays a significant role in the process of X spermatogenesis.
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Sex Determination Using RNA-Sequencing Analyses in Early Prenatal Pig Development. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10121010. [PMID: 31817322 PMCID: PMC6947224 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism is a relevant factor in animal science, since it can affect the gene expression of economically important traits. Eventually, the interest in the prenatal phase in a transcriptome study may not comprise the period of development in which male and female conceptuses are phenotypically divergent. Therefore, it would be interesting if sex differentiation could be performed using transcriptome data, with no need for extra techniques. In this study, the sex of pig conceptuses (embryos at 25 days-old and fetuses at 35 days-old) was determined by reads counts per million (CPM) of Y chromosome-linked genes that were discrepant among samples. Thus, ten genes were used: DDX3Y, KDM5D, ZFY, EIF2S3Y, EIF1AY, LOC110255320, LOC110257894, LOC396706, LOC100625207, and LOC110255257. Conceptuses that presented reads CPM sum for these genes (ΣCPMchrY) greater than 400 were classified as males and those with ΣCPMchrY below 2 were classified as females. It was demonstrated that the sex identification can be performed at early stages of pig development from RNA-sequencing analysis of genes mapped on Y chromosome. Additionally, these results reinforce that sex determination is a mechanism conserved across mammals, highlighting the importance of using pigs as an animal model to study sex determination during human prenatal development.
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Zhang YS, Du YC, Sun LR, Wang XH, Liu SB, Xi JF, Li CC, Ying RW, Jiang S, Wang XZ, Shen H, Jia B. A genetic method for sex determination in Ovis spp. by interruption of the zinc finger protein, Y-linked (ZFY) gene on the Y chromosome. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 30:1161-1168. [PMID: 29505743 DOI: 10.1071/rd17339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian Y chromosome plays a critical role in spermatogenesis. However, the exact functions of each gene on the Y chromosome have not been completely elucidated, due, in part, to difficulties in gene targeting analysis of the Y chromosome. The zinc finger protein, Y-linked (ZFY) gene was first proposed to be a sex determination factor, although its function in spermatogenesis has recently been elucidated. Nevertheless, ZFY gene targeting analysis has not been performed to date. In the present study, RNA interference (RNAi) was used to generate ZFY-interrupted Hu sheep by injecting short hairpin RNA (shRNA) into round spermatids. The resulting spermatozoa exhibited abnormal sperm morphology, including spermatozoa without tails and others with head and tail abnormalities. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that ZFY mRNA expression was decreased significantly in Hu sheep with interrupted ZFY compared with wild-type Hu sheep. The sex ratio of lambs also exhibited a bias towards females. Together, the experimental strategy and findings of the present study reveal that ZFY also functions in spermatogenesis in Hu sheep and facilitate the use of RNAi in the control of sex in Hu sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ying Chun Du
- The Aquatic Wildlife Rescue and Conservation Center, Beijing, China
| | - Li Rong Sun
- Tongliao City Quality and Safety Centre of Agricultural and Livestock, Tongliao, China
| | - Xu Hai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shuai Bing Liu
- Nanhu District of Jiaxing City Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ji Feng Xi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chao Cheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Rui Wen Ying
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Song Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiang Zu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hong Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Bin Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
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Utility and Applicability of a Universal Set of Primers in Identifying the Sex of South and Southeast Asian Mammals. Zool Stud 2019; 58:e19. [PMID: 31966320 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2019.58-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sex identification of individuals is an important task in wildlife forensics as well as in conservation biology. It helps scientists understand population sex ratios with respect to maintaining genetic diversity, managing inbreeding depression and preventing the demographic consequences of sex-biased poaching. The literature on the use of mammalian molecular sex markers indicates that the success of accurate sex identification is variable across species. Very little is known about the effectiveness of such markers on the mammals of South and Southeast Asia. Therefore, we selected and tested three sets of universal primers for low-cost gel-based sex identification of mammals. We amplified different sets of markers-SRY (157 bp) and 12S rRNA (384 bp); Y-53-SRY (225 bp) and ZFX/ZFY (P1/P2; 445); SRY (157 bp) and 12S rRNA (151 bp)-to be used with different types (tissue, hair and skin) of samples from 20 mammalian species. All three sets of primers amplified the sex-specific fragment in a range of samples from hair to tissue. With an increasing number of field studies using non-invasively collected samples, this proposed low-cost gel- based method of molecular sexing may be applied in various aspects of the ecology and biology of South and Southeast Asian mammals, their conservation and forensics. We suggest that at least two sets of primers be used for any biological samples to avoid ambiguity.
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Neuhauser S, Handler J, Schelling C, Pieńkowska-Schelling A. Fertility and 63,X Mosaicism in a Haflinger Sibship. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 78:127-133. [PMID: 31203976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal abnormalities are notable causes of infertility in horses. Mares show various degrees of estrous behavior, and ultrasound examination often reveals an underdeveloped genital tract. This article reports investigations on fertility in a Haflinger sibship with a healthy, normally developed, fertile mare with at least three healthy offspring. Chromosomal analysis performed incidentally and blinded for this mare revealed 63,X/64,XX/65,XXX mosaicism. Two closely related mares were also mosaics (63,X/64,XX), and one of them was a carrier of a marker chromosome. Repeated examinations of the mare and seven relatives (four mares and three stallions) did not provide evidence for sub- or in-fertility. They had no developmental abnormalities or conspicuous body conditions. Peripheral blood samples were collected for analysis of the karyotype and molecular analyses. Chromosomes were Giemsa stained and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole banded to identify numerical or structural aberrations of chromosomes and identification of sex chromosomes, respectively. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed with an equine Y-chromosome painting probe to identify and count the sex chromosomes, and polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to test for the presence of the SRY gene and investigating chimerism. The present article demonstrates the necessity of further studies analyzing chromosomal X0 mosaics to improve the predictive value of chromosomal aberrations on fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes Handler
- Pferdezentrum Bad Saarow, Freie Universität Berlin, Bad Saarow, Germany.
| | - Claude Schelling
- Klinik für Reproduktionsmedizin und Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Vetsuisse Fakultät Zürich, Universität Zürich, Lindau, Switzerland
| | - Aldona Pieńkowska-Schelling
- Klinik für Reproduktionsmedizin und Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Vetsuisse Fakultät Zürich, Universität Zürich, Lindau, Switzerland; Institut für Genetik, Vetsuisse Fakultät Bern, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Strah R, Kunej T. Molecular sexing assays in 114 mammalian species: In silico sequence reanalysis and a unified graphical visualization of diagnostic tests. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:5018-5028. [PMID: 31031962 PMCID: PMC6476764 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular-based methods for identifying sex in mammals have a wide range of applications, from embryo manipulation to ecological studies. Various sex-specific or homologous genes can be used for this purpose, PCR amplification being a common method. Over the years, the number of reported tests and the range of tested species have increased greatly. The aim of the present analysis was to retrieve PCR-based sexing assays for a range of mammalian species, gathering the gene sequences from either the articles or online databases, and visualize the molecular design in a uniform manner. For nucleotide alignment and diagnostic test visualization, the following genomic databases and tools were used: NCBI, Ensembl Nucleotide BLAST, ClustalW2, and NEBcutter V2.0. In the 45 gathered articles, 59 different diagnostic tests based on eight different PCR-based methods were developed for 114 mammalian species. Most commonly used genes for the analysis were ZFX, ZFY, AMELX, and AMELY. The tests were most commonly based on sex-specific insertions and deletions (SSIndels) and sex-specific sequence polymorphisms (SSSP). This review provides an overview of PCR-based sexing methods developed for mammals. This information will facilitate more efficient development of novel molecular sexing assays and reuse of previously developed tests. Development of many novel and improvement of previously developed tests is also expected with the rapid increase in the quantity and quality of available genetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Strah
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of LjubljanaDomzaleSlovenia
| | - Tanja Kunej
- Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of LjubljanaDomzaleSlovenia
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Horecka B. Usefulness of a Modified System of Molecular Sex Identification inMustelidaeIncluding Museum Specimens. ANN ZOOL FENN 2018. [DOI: 10.5735/086.055.0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Horecka
- Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, Department of General and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, PL-20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Albarella S, De Lorenzi L, Catone G, Magi GE, Petrucci L, Vullo C, D'Anza E, Parma P, Raudsepp T, Ciotola F, Peretti V. Diagnosis of XX/XY Blood Cell Chimerism at a Low Percentage in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Neuhauser S, Handler J, Schelling C, Pieńkowska-Schelling A. Disorder of Sexual Development in a Mare with an Unusual Tentative Mosaic Karyotype: 63,X/64,Xdel(Y). Sex Dev 2018; 12:232-238. [PMID: 30071527 DOI: 10.1159/000490861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present report describes a 4-year-old Trakehner mare which was referred to the clinic for a breeding soundness evaluation. Clinical, histological, and postmortem examination revealed an underdeveloped genital tract, the absence of a cervix uteri, and small inactive ovaries without male gonadal tissue. Blood lymphocyte analysis revealed an unusual mosaic karyotype consisting of 2 cell lines. For the majority of cells (70%), monosomy X (63,X) was observed. The remaining cells (30%) contained 64 chromosomes including one X chromosome and a small rudimentary Y chromosome consisting mostly of heterochromatin. The centromere was retained, but its full functionality was questionable. PCR analysis revealed that the entire male-specific region of Y (Yq14), including the SRY gene, was deleted. It remained unclear if the pseudoautosomal region (Yq15) and parts of the heterochromatic region (Yq13) were affected by this deletion. The phenotype of the mare with this disorder of sex development associated with sex chromosome abnormalities is genetically comparable to 63,X monosomy which fully explains the clinical findings.
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Anaya G, Molina A, Valera M, Moreno-Millán M, Azor P, Peral-García P, Demyda-Peyrás S. Sex chromosomal abnormalities associated with equine infertility: validation of a simple molecular screening tool in the Purebred Spanish Horse. Anim Genet 2017; 48:412-419. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Anaya
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Genético Veterinario; Departamento de Genética; Universidad de Córdoba; CN IV KM 396 Edificio Gregor Mendel Campus Rabanales Córdoba 14071 España
| | - A. Molina
- Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Genético Veterinario; Departamento de Genética; Universidad de Córdoba; CN IV KM 396 Edificio Gregor Mendel Campus Rabanales Córdoba 14071 España
| | - M. Valera
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales; Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica; Universidad de Sevilla; Ctra de Utrera km 1 41013 Sevilla España
| | - M. Moreno-Millán
- Laboratorio de Citogenética Animal Aplicada y Molecular; Departamento de Genética; Universidad de Córdoba; CN IV KM 396 Edificio Gregor Mendel Campus Rabanales Córdoba 14071 España
| | - P. Azor
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales; Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica; Universidad de Sevilla; Ctra de Utrera km 1 41013 Sevilla España
| | - P. Peral-García
- Instituto de Genética Veterinaria “Ing. Fernando N. Dulout” (UNLP - CONICET LA PLATA); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Calle 60 y 118 s/n 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - S. Demyda-Peyrás
- Instituto de Genética Veterinaria “Ing. Fernando N. Dulout” (UNLP - CONICET LA PLATA); Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Calle 60 y 118 s/n 1900 La Plata Argentina
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Dorado J, Anaya G, Bugno-Poniewierska M, Molina A, Mendez-Sanchez A, Ortiz I, Moreno-Millán M, Hidalgo M, Peral García P, Demyda-Peyrás S. First case of sterility associated with sex chromosomal abnormalities in a jenny. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 52:227-234. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Dorado
- Veterinary Reproduction Group AGR-275; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
| | - G Anaya
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics; MERAGEM AGR-158 Research Group; Department of Genetics; University of Córdoba; Cordoba Spain
| | - M Bugno-Poniewierska
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology; National Research Institute of Animal Production; Balice Poland
| | - A Molina
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics; MERAGEM AGR-158 Research Group; Department of Genetics; University of Córdoba; Cordoba Spain
| | - A Mendez-Sanchez
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology; University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
| | - I Ortiz
- Veterinary Reproduction Group AGR-275; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
| | - M Moreno-Millán
- Laboratory of Applied and Molecular Animal Cytogenetics; MERAGEM AGR-158 Research Group; Department of Genetics; University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
| | - M Hidalgo
- Veterinary Reproduction Group AGR-275; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; University of Cordoba; Cordoba Spain
| | - P Peral García
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria UNLP - CONICET LA PLATA; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; La Plata Argentina
| | - S Demyda-Peyrás
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria UNLP - CONICET LA PLATA; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; La Plata Argentina
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Dhanoa JK, Mukhopadhyay CS, Arora JS. Y-chromosomal genes affecting male fertility: A review. Vet World 2016; 9:783-91. [PMID: 27536043 PMCID: PMC4983133 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.783-791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian sex-chromosomes (X and Y) have evolved from autosomes and are involved in sex determination and reproductive traits. The Y-chromosome is the smallest chromosome that consists of 2-3% of the haploid genome and may contain between 70 and 200 genes. The Y-chromosome plays major role in male fertility and is suitable to study the evolutionary relics, speciation, and male infertility and/or subfertility due to its unique features such as long non-recombining region, abundance of repetitive sequences, and holandric inheritance pattern. During evolution, many holandric genes were deleted. The current review discusses the mammalian holandric genes and their functions. The commonly encountered infertility and/or subfertility problems due to point or gross mutation (deletion) of the Y-chromosomal genes have also been discussed. For example, loss or microdeletion of sex-determining region, Y-linked gene results in XY males that exhibit female characteristics, deletion of RNA binding motif, Y-encoded in azoospermic factor b region results in the arrest of spermatogenesis at meiosis. The holandric genes have been covered for associating the mutations with male factor infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasdeep Kaur Dhanoa
- School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Mukhopadhyay
- School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, India
| | - Jaspreet Singh Arora
- School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana - 141 004, Punjab, India
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Li Y, Yan X, Yan L, Shan Z, Liu S, Chen X, Zou J, Zhang W, Jin Z. High expression of Zinc-finger protein X-linked is associated with reduced E-cadherin expression and unfavorable prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:3919-3927. [PMID: 26097576 PMCID: PMC4466963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Zinc-finger protein X-linked (ZFX), a novel transcription factor required for self-renewal of embryonic stem cells, has recently been implicated in the initiation and progression of various human malignancies. However, its clinical significance in cancer patients remains largely inconclusive and its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has never been reported. In this study, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and Immunohistochemistry were performed to detect ZFX expression in NPC and normal nasopharyngeal tissues. As a result, we found ZFX expression was significantly elevated in NPC tissues compared with that in normal nasopharyngeal tissues. The statistical analysis based on immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that ZFX expression was significantly correlated with lymph node stage and clinical stage. Furthermore, we found NPC patients with high ZFX expression had lower 5-year overall survival rates, progression-free survival rates, loco-regional relapse-free survival rates and distant metastasis-free survival rates than those with low ZFX expression (all P<0.05). The multivariate analysis indicated that ZFX expression was an independent prognostic factor for patients with NPC. More importantly, we also detected E-cadherin expression in NPC tissues and found it was inversely correlated with ZFX expression in NPC tissues, suggesting a potential involvement of ZFX in Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Therefore, it is speculated that ZFX may promote NPC progression partly by regulating EMT. In summary, our study not only for the first time identified that ZFX could serve as an effective prognostic biomarker for NPC patients, but also suggested that targeting ZFX might be a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing NPC progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University600 Yi-Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xuebing Yan
- Department of Medicine, Soochow University1 Shi-Zi Road, Suzhou 215006, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University600 Yi-Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Leilei Yan
- Department of Medicine, Soochow University1 Shi-Zi Road, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zezhi Shan
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University600 Yi-Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Sihong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Soochow University1 Shi-Zi Road, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University600 Yi-Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jianyin Zou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University600 Yi-Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weitian Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University600 Yi-Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhiming Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University600 Yi-Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
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Asadpour R, Asadi MH, Jafari-Joozani R, Hamidian GH. Ovine fetal sex determination using circulating cell-free fetal DNA (ccffDNA) and cervical mucous secretions. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2305-0500(14)60061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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18
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Glass K, Quackenbush J, Silverman EK, Celli B, Rennard SI, Yuan GC, DeMeo DL. Sexually-dimorphic targeting of functionally-related genes in COPD. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2014; 8:118. [PMID: 25431000 PMCID: PMC4269917 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-014-0118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that many diseases develop, progress, and respond to therapy differently in men and women. This variability may manifest as a result of sex-specific structures in gene regulatory networks that influence how those networks operate. However, there are few methods to identify and characterize differences in network structure, slowing progress in understanding mechanisms driving sexual dimorphism. RESULTS Here we apply an integrative network inference method, PANDA (Passing Attributes between Networks for Data Assimilation), to model sex-specific networks in blood and sputum samples from subjects with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). We used a jack-knifing approach to build an ensemble of likely networks for each sex. By adapting statistical methods to compare these network ensembles, we were able to identify strong differential-targeting patterns associated with functionally-related sets of genes, including those involved in mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. Network analysis also identified several potential sex- and disease-specific transcriptional regulators of these pathways. CONCLUSIONS Network analysis yielded insight into potential mechanisms driving sexual dimorphism in COPD that were not evident from gene expression analysis alone. We believe our ensemble approach to network analysis provides a principled way to capture sex-specific regulatory relationships and could be applied to identify differences in gene regulatory patterns in a wide variety of diseases and contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Glass
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - John Quackenbush
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bartolome Celli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Stephen I Rennard
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Knockdown of ZFX suppresses renal carcinoma cell growth and induces apoptosis. Cancer Genet 2014; 207:461-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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20
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Gokulakrishnan P, Kumar RR, Sharma BD, Mendiratta SK, Malav O, Sharma D. Determination of sex origin of meat and meat products on the DNA basis: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 55:1303-14. [PMID: 24915321 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.690095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sex determination of domestic animal's meat is of potential value in meat authentication and quality control studies. Methods aiming at determining the sex origin of meat may be based either on the analysis of hormone or on the analysis of nucleic acids. At the present time, sex determination of meat and meat products based on hormone analysis employ gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Most of the hormone-based methods proved to be highly specific and sensitive but were not performed on a regular basis for meat sexing due to the technical limitations or the expensive equipments required. On the other hand, the most common methodology to determine the sex of meat is unquestionably traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that involves gel electrophoresis of DNA amplicons. This review is intended to provide an overview of the DNA-based methods for sex determination of meat and meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Gokulakrishnan
- a Division of Livestock Products Technology , Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar, Bareilly , Uttar Pradesh , India
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21
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Demyda-Peyrás S, Anaya G, Bugno-Poniewierska M, Pawlina K, Membrillo A, Valera M, Moreno-Millán M. The use of a novel combination of diagnostic molecular and cytogenetic approaches in horses with sexual karyotype abnormalities: A rare case with an abnormal cellular chimerism. Theriogenology 2014; 81:1116-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Resende HL, Carmo MT, Ramires Neto C, Alvarenga MA. Determination of equine fetal sex by
D
oppler ultrasonography of the gonads. Equine Vet J 2014; 46:756-8. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. L. Resende
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology São Paulo State University Botucatu Brazil
| | - M. T. Carmo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology São Paulo State University Botucatu Brazil
| | - C. Ramires Neto
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology São Paulo State University Botucatu Brazil
| | - M. A. Alvarenga
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology São Paulo State University Botucatu Brazil
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23
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Li Y, Tan T, Zong L, He D, Tao W, Liang Q. Study of methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 and H3 lysine 27 during X chromosome inactivation in three types of cells. Chromosome Res 2012; 20:769-78. [PMID: 22956184 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-012-9311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Histone methylation is one epigenetic modification of an inactive X chromosome (Xi). Histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me) and histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me) are both associated with the chromatin of gene-silenced regions in the X chromosome and with X inactivation. Studies have shown that H3K9me is supposedly an early mark on the X chromosome during inactivation. Here, we examined the distribution and enrichment profiles of H3K9me and H3K27me by indirect immunofluorescence. We found that H3K9me appears to have a broad distribution throughout the whole genome, but is specific, to a certain extent, to the Xi in WI38 cells. In contrast, H3K27me is highly specific to the entire Xi, which differs significantly from other areas of the nucleus. Thus, H3K27me is more suitable as an epigenetic mark than H3K9me. The chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses also showed that H3K27me predominates on the inactive genes of the X chromosome. Additionally, we compared the levels of H3K9me and H3K27me in four X-linked genes and two autosomal genes between the normal cells (WI38) and the tumor cells (HeLa). The results revealed that the methylation levels of the inactive genes (POLA and OCRL) in tumor cells (HeLa) were lower than those in normal cells (WI38) and that the methylation levels of the Xi inactivation-avoidance genes (SMCX and ZFX) and autosomal genes (Myc and β-actin) varied widely in tumor cells (HeLa). These events may be significant for cancer cell development and contribute to the characteristics of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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A Quantitative Real-Time PCR Method Using an X-Linked Gene for Sex Typing in Pigs. Mol Biotechnol 2012; 54:493-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-012-9589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Equine fetal sex determination using circulating cell-free fetal DNA (ccffDNA). Theriogenology 2012; 77:694-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Ciotola F, Albarella S, Pasolini M, Auletta L, Esposito L, Iannuzzi L, Peretti V. Molecular and Cytogenetic Studies in a Case of XX SRY-Negative Sex Reversal in an Arabian Horse. Sex Dev 2012; 6:104-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000331480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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