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Uju CN, Unniappan S. Growth factors and female reproduction in vertebrates. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 579:112091. [PMID: 37863469 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Female reproductive efficiency is influenced by the outcomes of various processes, including folliculogenesis, apoptosis, response to gonadotropin signaling, oocyte maturation, and ovulation. The role of hormones in regulating these processes and other reproductive activities has been well established. It is becoming increasingly evident that in addition to well-characterized hormones, growth factors play vital roles in regulating some of these reproductive activities. Growth factors and their receptors are widely distributed in vertebrate ovaries at different stages of ovarian development, indicating their involvement in intraovarian reproductive functions. In the ovary, cell surface receptors allow growth factors to regulate intraovarian reproductive activities. Understanding these actions in the reproductive axis would provide a tool to target growth factors and/or their receptors to yield desirable reproductive outcomes. These include enrichment of in vitro maturation and fertilization culture media, and management of infertility. This review discusses some widely characterized growth factors belonging to the TGF, EGF, IGF, FGF, and BDNF family of peptides and their role in female reproduction in vertebrates, with a focus on mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinelo N Uju
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Suraj Unniappan
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroendocrinology, Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Yoshita S, Osuka S, Shimizu T, Fujitsuka N, Matsumoto C, Bayasula, Miyake N, Muraoka A, Nakanishi N, Nakamura T, Goto M, Kajiyama H. Unkeito promotes follicle development by restoring reduced follicle-stimulating hormone responsiveness in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1228088. [PMID: 37790609 PMCID: PMC10545092 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1228088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder resulting in irregular menstruation and infertility due to improper follicular development and ovulation. PCOS pathogenesis is mediated by downregulated follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) expression in granulosa cells (GCs); however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Unkeito (UKT) is a traditional Japanese medicine used to treat irregular menstruation in patients with PCOS. In this study, we aimed to confirm the effectiveness of UKT in PCOS by focusing on follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) responsiveness. Methods A rat model of PCOS was generated by prenatal treatment with 5α-dihydrotestosterone. Female offspring (3-week-old) rats were fed a UKT mixed diet or a normal diet daily. To compare the PCOS phenotype in rats, the estrous cycle, hormone profiles, and ovarian morphology were evaluated. To further examine the role of FSH, molecular, genetic, and immunohistological analyses were performed using ovarian tissues and primary cultured GCs from normal and PCOS model rats. Results UKT increased the number of antral and preovulatory follicles and restored the irregular estrous cycle in PCOS rats. The gene expression levels of FSHR and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and BMP-6 were significantly decreased in the ovarian GCs of PCOS rats compared to those in normal rats. UKT treatment increased FSHR staining in the small antral follicles and upregulated Fshr and Bmps expression in the ovary and GCs of PCOS rats. There was no change in serum gonadotropin levels. In primary cultured GCs stimulated by FSH, UKT enhanced estradiol production, accompanied by increased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, and upregulated the expression of genes encoding the enzymes involved in local estradiol synthesis, namely Cyp19a1 and Hsd17b. Furthermore, UKT elevated the expression of Star and Cyp11a1, involved in progesterone production in cultured GCs in the presence of FSH. Conclusions UKT stimulates ovarian follicle development by potentiating FSH responsiveness by upregulating BMP-2 and BMP-6 expression, resulting in the recovery of estrous cycle abnormalities in PCOS rats. Restoring the FSHR dysfunction in the small antral follicles may alleviate the PCOS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayako Yoshita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoko Osuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Shimizu
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Kampo Research & Development Division, Tsumura & Co., Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujitsuka
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Kampo Research & Development Division, Tsumura & Co., Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chinami Matsumoto
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Kampo Research & Development Division, Tsumura & Co., Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Bayasula
- Bell Research Center for Reproductive Health and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Japan
| | - Natsuki Miyake
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ayako Muraoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Natsuki Nakanishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Maki Goto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Arık GN, Kaplanoğlu GT, Sağlam ASY, Elmazoğlu Z, Dinçel AS, Seymen CM. Melatonin effective to reduce the microscopic symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome-related infertility: An experimental study. Tissue Cell 2023; 81:102015. [PMID: 36657254 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder seen in women of reproductive age and has been gradually increasing over the years. The mechanism of the syndrome has still not been clearly understood. In this study, the possible effects of exogenously administrated melatonin on melatonin (MT1) receptor, Growth Differentiation Factor-9 (GDF9), and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-15 (BMP15) in experimental PCOS were investigated. Thirty-two 6-8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8 in each) as Sham control (Group 1), Melatonin (Group 2), PCOS (Group 3), and PCOS + Melatonin (Group 4) groups. At the end of the 21st day, the experiment was terminated, the ovary tissues were taken, and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, MT1, GDF9, BMP15 immunohistochemical labeling, western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses were performed. Serum Luteinizing Hormone (LH)/Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) levels and colpo-cytological examinations were also carried out. The results revealed that melatonin administration increased the expression levels of the MT1 receptor, GDF9, and BMP15 in PCOS at protein and mRNA levels. It was determined that melatonin administration reduced the microscopic symptoms of PCOS. Melatonin was found to be effective via the MT1 receptor in the pathogenesis of PCOS, and it suppressed the transport pathways of GDF9 to granulosa cells in antral follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçe Nur Arık
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülnur Take Kaplanoğlu
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atiye Seda Yar Sağlam
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zübeyir Elmazoğlu
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aylin Sepici Dinçel
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemile Merve Seymen
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey.
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Rheza A, Santoso B, Widjiati W. Correlation of serum kisspeptin levels, ovarian kisspeptin expression, and ovarian BMP15 expression in rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Open Vet J 2023; 13:288-296. [PMID: 37026063 PMCID: PMC10072833 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kisspeptin is a neuropeptide that has an important role in the female reproductive cycle which is indicated by its role in regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. AIMS To analyze the correlation between serum kisspeptin levels, ovarian kisspeptin expression, and ovarian Bone Morphogenic Protein-15 (BMP15) expression in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) model rats. METHODS The research was accurate experimental research with a post-test design-only control group and was carried out from August to October 2022 at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universitas Airlangga. 32 Rattus novergicus rats were divided into a control group and a PCOS model group. Blood serum and ovaries were obtained from all groups. In addition, blood serum was examined for kisspeptin levels by ELISA technique, and kisspeptin expression and BMP15 Ovaries were examined immunohistochemically. RESULTS Serum kisspeptin levels and ovarian kisspeptin expression of the PCOS model group were not significantly higher than those of the control group (p > 0.05, p > 0.05). The ovarian BMP15 expression of the PCOS model group was not significantly lower (p > 0.05) than that of the control group. Ovarian kisspeptin expression and ovarian BMP15 expression did not significantly correlate with serum kisspeptin levels (p > 0.05). In contrast, there was a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between ovarian kisspeptin expression and ovarian BMP15 expression. CONCLUSION Serum kisspeptin levels and ovarian kisspeptin expression of the PCOS model group were not higher than those of the control group, and the ovarian BMP15 expression of the PCOS model group was not lower than that of the control group. There was no correlation between serum kisspeptin levels with ovarian kisspeptin expression and ovarian BMP15 expression. However, a significant correlation was found between ovarian kisspeptin expression and ovarian BMP15 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achmad Rheza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Budi Santoso
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Widjiati Widjiati
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Yu X, Wang N, Wang X, Ren H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Qiu Y, Wang H, Wang G, Pei X, Chen P, Ren Y, Ha C, Wang L, Wang H. Oocyte Arrested at Metaphase II Stage were Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in vitro. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1067-1081. [PMID: 36735215 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Initiation of meiosis is the most difficult aspect of inducing competent oocytes differentiation from human stem cells in vitro. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were cultured with follicle fluid, cytokines and small molecule to induced oocyte-like cells (OLCs) formation through a three-step induction procedure. Expression of surface markers and differentiation potential of germ cells were analyzed in vitro by flow cytometry, gene expression, immunocytochemistry, western blotting and RNA Sequencing. To induce the differentiation of hiPSCs into OLCs, cells were firstly cultured with a primordial germ cell medium for 10 days. The cells exhibited similar morphological features to primordial germ cells (PGCs), high expressing of germ cell markers and primordial follicle development associated genes. The induced PGCs were then cultured with the primordial follicle-like cell medium for 5 days to form the induced follicle-like structures (iFLs), which retained both primordial oocytes-like cells and granulosa-like cells. In the third step, the detached iFLs were harvested and transferred to the OLC-medium for additional 10 days. The cultured cells developed cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) structures and OLCs with different sizes (50-150 μm diameter) and a zona pellucida. The in vitro matured OLCs had polar bodies and were arrested at metaphase II (MII) stage. Some OLCs were self-activated and spontaneously developed into multiple-cell structures similar to preimplantation embryos, indicating that OLCs were parthenogenetically activated though in vitro fertilization potential of OLCs are yet to be proved. in vitro maturation of OLCs derived from hiPSCs provides a new means to study human germ cell formation and oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Hehe Ren
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yikai Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Human Sperm Bank, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Yinchuan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 75004, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiuying Pei
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Human Sperm Bank, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yahui Ren
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, 467000, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Chunfang Ha
- Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Human Sperm Bank, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Gynecology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Human Sperm Bank, 750004, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Huayan Wang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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In vivo and in vitro matured bovine oocytes present a distinct pattern of single-cell gene expression. ZYGOTE 2023; 31:31-43. [PMID: 36263617 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199422000478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Oocyte gene expression is a well controlled event that promotes gamete competence to undergo maturation, fertilization, and to support early embryo development, directly affecting reproductive outcomes. Considering that in vivo controlled ovarian stimulation or in vitro maturation (IVM) for the acquisition of mature oocytes has distinct implications for gene expression, we sought to evaluate the effects of these procedures on the expression of competence-related genes in single-cell oocytes. Healthy Nelore cows of reproductive age were synchronized to harvest in vivo matured oocytes; ovaries from slaughtered animals were used to obtain cumulus-oocyte complexes that were in vitro matured. Single-cell gene expression was performed using TaqMan Low-Density Arrays and 42 genes were evaluated. In silico analysis of protein interactions and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed. Reduced gene expression was observed for 24 targets in IVM oocytes when compared with those of in vivo matured oocytes (P < 0.05). Differences ranged from 1.5-fold to 4.8-fold higher in in vivo oocytes and the BMP15 (5.28), GDF9 (6.23), NOBOX (7.25), HSPA8 (7.85) and MSX1 (11.00) showed the greatest fold increases. The strongest score of functional interactions was observed between the CDC20 and CKS2, with the differentially expressed gene CDC20 being the main marker behind GO enrichment. IVM negatively affected the expression of important genes related to oocyte competency, and showed higher expression levels in in vivo matured oocytes. In vivo controlled ovarian stimulation may be a better strategy to achieve proper oocyte competence and increase the success of assisted reproductive technologies.
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Chen W, Zhai Y, Zhu B, Wu K, Fan Y, Zhou X, Liu L, Ge W. Loss of growth differentiation factor 9 causes an arrest of early folliculogenesis in zebrafish-A novel insight into its action mechanism. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010318. [PMID: 36520929 PMCID: PMC9799306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) was the first oocyte-specific growth factor identified; however, most information about GDF9 functions comes from studies in the mouse model. In this study, we created a mutant for Gdf9 gene (gdf9-/-) in zebrafish using TALEN approach. The loss of Gdf9 caused a complete arrest of follicle development at primary growth (PG) stage. These follicles eventually degenerated, and all mutant females gradually changed to males through sex reversal, which could be prevented by mutation of the male-promoting gene dmrt1. Interestingly, the phenotypes of gdf9-/- could be rescued by simultaneous mutation of inhibin α (inha-/-) but not estradiol treatment, suggesting a potential role for the activin-inhibin system or its signaling pathway in Gdf9 actions. In gdf9-null follicles, the expression of activin βAa (inhbaa), but not βAb (inhbab) and βB (inhbb), decreased dramatically; however, its expression rebounded in the double mutant (gdf9-/-;inha-/-). These results indicate clearly that the activation of PG follicles to enter the secondary growth (SG) requires intrinsic factors from the oocyte, such as Gdf9, which in turn works on the neighboring follicle cells to trigger follicle activation, probably involving activins. In addition, our data also support the view that estrogens are not involved in follicle activation as recently reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiting Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yuqin Fan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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Cao LY, Zhang ZQ, Liu PP, Xu DF, Tang L, Fan L, Sun XC, Li JY, Wu QF, Li ZM, Tan J. Aberrant BMP15/HIF-1α/SCF signaling pathway in human granulosa cells is involved in the PCOS related abnormal follicular development. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:971-977. [PMID: 36151730 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2125951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the regulatory mechanism of SCF expression in human GCs of PCOS related follicles. MATERIALS AND METHODS SCF, BMP15 and HIF-1α were evaluated in human serums, follicular fluids (FFs) and GCs, which were collected from 69 PCOS patients and 74 normal ovulatory patients. KGN cell line was used in this study. RESULTS Our results showed that the rate of MII oocyte and 2PN fertilization was lower in PCOS group, though PCOS patients retrieved much more oocytes. The level of BMP15 in FF and the level of SCF in serum and FF were also lower in PCOS patients. We found a weakened expression of HIF-1α and SCF in GCs from PCOS patients when compared with the non-PCOS patients. The expression of HIF-1α and SCF was significantly increased in KGN cells after treating cells with rhBMP15, however, this promotion effects of BMP15 on HIF-1α and SCF expression were obviously abolished by co-treatment with BMP-I receptor inhibitor (DM). Moreover, knock down of HIF-1α expression in KGN cells significantly reduced the expression of SCF in human GCs, in spite of activating BMP15 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggest that BMP15 could induce SCF expression by up-regulating HIF-1α expression in human GCs, the aberrance of this signaling pathway might be involved in the PCOS related abnormal follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yun Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qin Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Pei Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Ding-Fei Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Liang Tang
- Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Lu Fan
- Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Chen Sun
- Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Qiong-Fang Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Zeng-Ming Li
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Jun Tan
- Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
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9
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Cadenas J, Pors SE, Kumar A, Kalra B, Kristensen SG, Andersen CY, Mamsen LS. Concentrations of oocyte secreted GDF9 and BMP15 decrease with MII transition during human IVM. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:126. [PMID: 35986324 PMCID: PMC9389727 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-01000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The suggested effects of the oocyte secreted GDF9 and BMP15 growth factors on oocyte maturation are currently based on recombinant proteins, and little is known about native GDF9 and BMP15 in humans. METHODS Human immature cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) obtained in connection with ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) underwent in vitro maturation (IVM). Oocyte-produced GDF9 and BMP15 were detected in COCs using immunofluorescence, and in fresh GV oocytes and in GV and MII oocytes after IVM by western blot. Concentrations of GDF9, BMP15 homodimers, and GDF9/BMP15 heterodimer in spent media after IVM were measured by ELISA. The relative expression of seven genes from the GDF9 and BMP15 signaling pathways (BMPR2, ALK5, ALK6, SMAD1, SMAD2, SMAD3, and SMAD5) was evaluated in fresh cumulus cells (before IVM) and in cumulus cells from GV and MII oocytes after IVM by RT-qPCR. RESULTS We detected native pro-mature GDF9 and BMP15 in human oocytes with molecular weights (Mw) of 47 kDa and 43 kDa, respectively. Concentrations of GDF9 and BMP15 in spent media after IVM were detected in 99% and 64% of the samples, respectively. The GDF9/BMP15 heterodimer was detected in 76% of the samples. Overall, the concentration of GDF9 was approximately 10-times higher than BMP15. The concentrations of both GDF9 and BMP15 were significantly lower in spent medium from MII oocytes than in media from oocytes that remained at the GV stage. Concentrations of the GDF9/BMP15 heterodimer did not differ between GV and MII oocytes. Furthermore, BMPR2, SMAD3, and SMAD5 were significantly upregulated in cumulus cells from MII oocytes, indicating that both GDF9 and BMP15 signaling were active during oocyte meiotic resumption in vitro. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the driving mechanisms for oocyte nuclear maturation may involve both GDF9 and BMP15 homodimers, while the role of the GDF9/BMP15 heterodimer is questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Cadenas
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Susanne Elisabeth Pors
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Ansh Labs LLC, 445 W. Medical Center Blvd, Webster, TX, 77598, USA
| | - Bhanu Kalra
- Ansh Labs LLC, 445 W. Medical Center Blvd, Webster, TX, 77598, USA
| | - Stine Gry Kristensen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linn Salto Mamsen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Kaune H, Montiel JF, Fenwick M, Williams SA. Rapid ovarian transcript changes during the onset of premature ovarian insufficiency. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2022; 3:RAF-22-0036. [PMID: 35972313 PMCID: PMC9513667 DOI: 10.1530/raf-22-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The manuscript has been submitted without altering abstract in line with Reproduction's Flexible Submission Process. The abstract is extended and thus does not fit this space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidy Kaune
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Program of Ethics and Public Policies in Human Reproduction, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan F Montiel
- Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mark Fenwick
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Suzannah A Williams
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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11
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Kristensen SG, Kumar A, Mamsen LS, Kalra B, Pors SE, Bøtkjær JA, Macklon KT, Fedder J, Ernst E, Hardy K, Franks S, Andersen CY. Intrafollicular Concentrations of the Oocyte-secreted Factors GDF9 and BMP15 Vary Inversely in Polycystic Ovaries. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3374-e3383. [PMID: 35511085 PMCID: PMC9282257 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The oocyte-secreted factors growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) play essential roles in follicle development and oocyte maturation, and aberrant regulation might contribute to the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. OBJECTIVE Are there measurable differences in concentrations of GDF9, BMP15, and the GDF9/BMP15 heterodimer in small antral follicle fluids from women with and without polycystic ovaries (PCO)? DESIGN AND SETTING Follicle fluids (n = 356) were collected from 4- to 11-mm follicles in unstimulated ovaries of 87 women undergoing ovarian tissue cryopreservation for fertility preservation. PATIENTS Twenty-seven women with PCO were identified and 60 women without PCO-like characteristics (non-PCO women) were matched according to age and follicle size. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Intrafollicular concentrations of GDF9, BMP15, GDF9/BMP15 heterodimer, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), inhibin-A and -B, total inhibin, activin-B and -AB, and follistatin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS The detectability of GDF9, BMP15, and the GDF9/BMP15 heterodimer were 100%, 94.4%, and 91.5%, respectively, and concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with increasing follicle size (P < 0.0001). GDF9 was significantly higher in women with PCO (PCO: 4230 ± 189 pg/mL [mean ± SEM], n = 188; non-PCO: 3498 ± 199 pg/mL, n = 168; P < 0.03), whereas BMP15 was lower in women with PCO (PCO: 431 ± 40 pg/mL, n = 125; non-PCO: 573 ± 55 pg/mL, n = 109; P = 0.10), leading to a significantly higher GDF9:BMP15 ratio in women with PCO (P < 0.01). Significant positive associations between BMP15 and AMH, activins, and inhibins in non-PCO women switched to negative associations in women with PCO. CONCLUSIONS Intrafollicular concentrations of GDF9 and BMP15 varied inversely in women with PCO reflecting an aberrant endocrine environment. An increased GDF9:BMP15 ratio may be a new biomarker for PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Gry Kristensen
- Correspondence: Stine Gry Kristensen, PhD, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Section 5701, Copenhagen University Hospital – Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Linn Salto Mamsen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Susanne Elisabeth Pors
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane Alrø Bøtkjær
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Tryde Macklon
- The Fertility Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Fedder
- Centre of Andrology & Fertility Clinic, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Erik Ernst
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Horsens Regional Hospital, 8700 Horsens, Denmark
| | - Kate Hardy
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Franks
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Kart PÖ, Gürgen SG, Esenülkü G, Dilber B, Yıldız N, Yazar U, Sarsmaz HY, Topsakal AS, Kamaşak T, Arslan EA, Şahin S, Cansu A. An Investigation of the Effects of Chronic Zonisamide, Sultiam, Lacosamide, Clobazam, and Rufinamide Antiseizure Drugs on Foliculogenesis in Ovarian Tissue in Prepubertal Non-Epileptic Rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2022; 82:436-446. [PMID: 35680420 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the morphological and histological effects of zonisamide, sultiam, lacosamide, clobazam, and rufinamide on ovarian folliculogenesis in rats. Sixty female Wistar rats were equally divided into 6 experimental groups, including control group, zonisamide, sultiam, lacosamide, clobazam, and rufinamide were administered by gavage for 90 days. According to the daily vaginal smears of the rats in the proestrus and diester phases of the estrus cycle, their ovaries were removed and placed in the fixation solution. Immunohistochemical and apoptosis staining protocols were applied. The number of healthy follicles in the control group was found to be statistically significantly higher when compared to the antiseizure drug groups (p<0.001). The number of corpus luteum was found to be statistically significantly lower in the control group when compared with the anti-seizure drug groups (p<0.001). There was a significant difference in the number of TUNEL positive apoptotic follicles between the control and drug groups (p<0.001). There was a significant difference in the number of TUNEL positive apoptotic follicles between the control and drug groups (p<0.001). HSCORE, immunohistochemical EGF, IGF-1 and GDF-9 staining, a very strong immunoreaction was observed in the ovarian multilaminar primary follicle granulosa cells and oocytes in the control group (p<0.001), and an immunoreaction ranging from weak to medium was observed in the antiseizure drug groups. Long-term anti-seizure drug therapy with zonisamide, sultiam, lacosamide, clobazam, and rufinamide from prepubertal to adulthood causes apoptosis and disruption of folliculogenesis in the ovarian follicles of nonepileptic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Özkan Kart
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon
| | - Seren Gülşen Gürgen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Celal Bayar University Faculty of Health Sciences, Manisa
| | - Gülnur Esenülkü
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon
| | - Beril Dilber
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon
| | - Nihal Yıldız
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon
| | - Uğur Yazar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon
| | - Hayrunnisa Yeşil Sarsmaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Celal Bayar University Faculty of Health Sciences, Manisa
| | - Ali Samet Topsakal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon
| | - Tülay Kamaşak
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon
| | - Elif Acar Arslan
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon
| | - Sevim Şahin
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon
| | - Ali Cansu
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon
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Nikmard F, Hosseini E, Bakhtiyari M, Ashrafi M, Amidi F, Aflatoonian R. The boosting effects of melatonin on the expression of related genes to oocyte maturation and antioxidant pathways: a polycystic ovary syndrome- mouse model. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:11. [PMID: 35057828 PMCID: PMC8781027 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-00946-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Melatonin, as a free radical scavenger exhibiting genomic actions, regulates the antioxidant genes expression and apoptosis mechanisms. In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients, an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in follicular fluid leads to oxidative stress, aberrant folliculogenesis, and intrinsic defects in PCOS oocytes. In this experimental mouse model study, oocytes of PCOS and the control groups were cultured in different melatonin concentrations (10− 5, 10− 6, and 10− 7 M) to investigate the expression of oocyte maturation-related genes (Gdf9/Bmp15), antioxidant-related genes (Gpx1/Sod1), apoptotic biomarkers (Bcl2/Bax) and total intracellular ROS levels.
Results
Gdf9 and Bmp15, Gpx1 and Sod1 were up-regulated in PCOS and control oocytes cultured in all melatonin concentrations compared to those cultured in IVM basal medium (P < 0.05). A significant decrease in the total ROS level was observed in all groups cultured in the supplemented cultures. Melatonin increased Bcl2 and decreased Bax gene expression in PCOS and control oocytes compared to non-treated oocytes.
Conclusions
Melatonin increased antioxidant gene expression and regulated the apoptosis pathway, effectively reducing the adverse effects of culture conditions on PCOS oocytes. Furthermore, it influenced the expression of oocyte maturation-related genes in PCOS, providing valuable support during the IVM process.
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14
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Zheng X, Zheng Y, Qin D, Yao Y, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Zheng C. Regulatory Role and Potential Importance of GDF-8 in Ovarian Reproductive Activity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:878069. [PMID: 35692411 PMCID: PMC9178251 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.878069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor-8 (GDF-8) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. Studies in vitro and in vivo have shown GDF-8 to be involved in the physiology and pathology of ovarian reproductive functions. In vitro experiments using a granulosa-cell model have demonstrated steroidogenesis, gonadotrophin responsiveness, glucose metabolism, cell proliferation as well as expression of lysyl oxidase and pentraxin 3 to be regulated by GDF-8 via the mothers against decapentaplegic homolog signaling pathway. Clinical data have shown that GDF-8 is expressed widely in the human ovary and has high expression in serum of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. GDF-8 expression in serum changes dynamically in patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. GDF-8 expression in serum and follicular fluid is correlated with the ovarian response and pregnancy outcome during in vitro fertilization. Blocking the GDF-8 signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and ovulation disorders in polycystic ovary syndrome. GDF-8 has a regulatory role and potential importance in ovarian reproductive activity and may be involved in folliculogenesis, ovulation, and early embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongxu Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunchun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Caihong Zheng, ; Yunchun Zhao,
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) and Women’s Reproductive Health Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Caihong Zheng, ; Yunchun Zhao,
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15
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Compromised Cumulus-Oocyte Complex Matrix Organization and Expansion in Women with PCOS. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:836-848. [PMID: 34748173 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) matrix plays a critical role in the ovulation and fertilization process and a major predictor of oocyte quality. Proteomics studies of follicular fluid showed differential expression of COC matrix proteins in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), indicating altered COC matrix in these women. In the present study, we aimed to understand COC matrix gene induction in humans and its probable dysfunction in women with PCOS. Animal studies have shown that amphiregulin (AREG) and growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) are important in the induction of COC matrix genes which are involved in cumulus expansion. The effects of AREG and GDF-9 on expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha induced protein 6 (TNFAIP6) and hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) on human cumulus granulosa cells (CGCs) and murine COC expansion were evaluated. Further time-dependent effects of growth factor supplementation on these gene expressions in CGCs from PCOS and control women were compared. Follicular fluid from PCOS showed reduced COC matrix expansion capacity, using murine COCs. Expression of COC matrix genes TNFAIP6 and HAS2 were significantly reduced in CGCs of PCOS. Treatment of CGCs with AREG and GDF-9 together induced expression of both these genes in controls and could only restore HAS2 but not TNFAIP6 expression in PCOS. Our results suggest that the reduced potential of follicular fluid to support COC expansion, altered expression of structural constituents, and intrinsic defects in granulosa cells of women with PCOS may contribute to the aberrant COC organization and expansion in PCOS, thus affecting fertilization.
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16
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Du C, Chen X. Transcriptome Profiling of Oocytes at the Germinal Vesicle Stage from Women from Mongolia with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:4469-4478. [PMID: 34413674 PMCID: PMC8369228 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s321853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders. Evidence indicates that genetic and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS. The molecular basis of PCOS is not well understood. Methods Whole-genome RNA sequencing was performed on single oocyte at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage from females with normal ovulation and females with PCOS. All subjects were women from Mongolia undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection in vitro fertilization (ICSI-IVF) who met the Rotterdam criteria for PCOS. Women with normal ovulation who were undergoing ICSI-IVF owing to male factor infertility were recruited as control subjects. Results A total of 1313 differentially expressed genes were found by bio-informatics software in the GV oocytes of PCOS patients and compared with the control group. There were 367 upregulated and 946 downregulated genes (fold change > 2, false discovery rate < 0.01). When compared with the healthy controls, it was shown that the DEGs like VEGF, IGF, FADS1 et al were investigated as potential causes of PCOS oocytes. The DEGs were related to kinase activity, cell proliferation, gene regulation, and the signaling pathways of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Hippo, and ECM-receptor pathway in patients with PCOS. In addition, the interconnected gene co-expression network was constructed by gene bionetwork analysis, indicating that ITGB5, ITGB3, and CAV2 were the core genes in regulating the module expression of DEGs in PCOS. Conclusion RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated DEGs were linked to inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and lipid metabolism in the GV oocytes of women with PCOS. We hypothesize that ITGB5, ITGB3, and CAV2 may be involved in metabolic disorders associated with the different phenotypes of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Du
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010050, People's Republic of China
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17
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Asghari R, Shokri-Asl V, Rezaei H, Tavallaie M, Khafaei M, Abdolmaleki A, Majdi Seghinsara A. Alteration of TGFB1, GDF9, and BMPR2 gene expression in preantral follicles of an estradiol valerate-induced polycystic ovary mouse model can lead to anovulation, polycystic morphology, obesity, and absence of hyperandrogenism. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2021; 48:245-254. [PMID: 34370943 PMCID: PMC8421654 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2020.04112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In humans, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an androgen-dependent ovarian disorder. Aberrant gene expression in folliculogenesis can arrest the transition of preantral to antral follicles, leading to PCOS. We explored the possible role of altered gene expression in preantral follicles of estradiol valerate (EV) induced polycystic ovaries (PCO) in a mouse model. Methods Twenty female balb/c mice (8 weeks, 20.0±1.5 g) were grouped into control and PCO groups. PCO was induced by intramuscular EV injection. After 8 weeks, the animals were killed by cervical dislocation. Blood serum (for hormonal assessments using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique) was aspirated, and ovaries (the right ovary for histological examinations and the left for quantitative real-time polymerase) were dissected. Results Compared to the control group, the PCO group showed significantly lower values for the mean body weight, number of preantral and antral follicles, serum levels of estradiol, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone, and gene expression of TGFB1, GDF9 and BMPR2 (p<0.05). Serum progesterone levels were significantly higher in the PCO animals than in the control group (p<0.05). No significant between-group differences (p>0.05) were found in BMP6 or BMP15 expression. Conclusion In animals with EV-induced PCO, the preantral follicles did not develop into antral follicles. In this mouse model, the gene expression of TGFB1, GDF9, and BMPR2 was lower in preantral follicles, which is probably related to the pathologic conditions of PCO. Hypoandrogenism was also detected in this EV-induced murine PCO model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Asghari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Shokri-Asl
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Rezaei
- Member of Research Committee, Medical School, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Tavallaie
- Human Genetic Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Khafaei
- Human Genetic Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abdolmaleki
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Abbas Majdi Seghinsara
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Tanaka K, Hayashi Y, Takehara A, Ito-Matsuoka Y, Tachibana M, Yaegashi N, Matsui Y. Abnormal early folliculogenesis due to impeded pyruvate metabolism in mouse oocytes†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:64-75. [PMID: 33824958 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal ovarian germ cells show characteristic energy metabolism status, such as enhanced mitochondrial metabolism as well as glycolysis, but their roles in early folliculogenesis are unclear. We show here that inhibition of pyruvate uptake to mitochondria by UK5099 in organ cultures of fetal mouse ovaries resulted in repressed early folliculogenesis without affecting energy production, survival of oocytes, or meiosis. In addition, the abnormal folliculogenesis by UK5099 was partially rescued by α-ketoglutarate and succinate, intermediate metabolites in the TCA cycle, suggesting the importance of those metabolites. The expression of TGFβ-related genes Gdf9 and Bmp15 in ovarian germ cells, which are crucial for folliculogenesis, was downregulated by UK5099, and the addition of recombinant GDF9 partially rescued the abnormal folliculogenesis induced by UK5099. We also found that early folliculogenesis was similarly repressed, as in the culture, in the ovaries of a germ cell-specific knockout of Mpc2, which encodes a mitochondria pyruvate carrier that is targeted by UK5099. These results suggest that insufficient Gdf9 expression induced by abnormal pyruvate metabolism in oocytes results in early follicular dysgenesis, which is a possible cause of defective folliculogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yohei Hayashi
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Asuka Takehara
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumi Ito-Matsuoka
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahito Tachibana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Matsui
- Cell Resource Center for Biomedical Research, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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19
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Vanhauwaert PS. Síndrome de ovario poliquístico e infertilidad. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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20
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Shi X, Tang T, Lin Q, Liu H, Qin Y, Liang X, Cong P, Mo D, Liu X, Chen Y, He Z. Efficient generation of bone morphogenetic protein 15-edited Yorkshire pigs using CRISPR/Cas9†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:1054-1068. [PMID: 32761111 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, plays an essential role in ovarian follicular development in mono-ovulatory mammalian species. Studies using a biallelic knockout mouse model revealed that BMP15 potentially has just a minimal impact on female fertility and ovarian follicular development in polyovulatory species. In contrast, our previous study demonstrated that in vivo knockdown of BMP15 significantly affected porcine female fertility, as evidenced by the dysplastic ovaries containing significantly decreased numbers of follicles and an increased number of abnormal follicles. This finding implied that BMP15 plays an important role in the regulation of female fertility and ovarian follicular development in polyovulatory species. To further investigate the regulatory role of BMP15 in porcine ovarian and follicular development, here, we describe the efficient generation of BMP15-edited Yorkshire pigs using CRISPR/Cas9. Using artificial insemination experiments, we found that the biallelically edited gilts were all infertile, regardless of different genotypes. One monoallelically edited gilt #4 (Δ66 bp/WT) was fertile and could deliver offspring with a litter size comparable to that of wild-type gilts. Further analysis established that the infertility of biallelically edited gilts was caused by the arrest of follicular development at preantral stages, with formation of numerous structurally abnormal follicles, resulting in streaky ovaries and the absence of obvious estrous cycles. Our results strongly suggest that the role of BMP15 in nonrodent polyovulatory species may be as important as that in mono-ovulatory species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qiyuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Peiqing Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Delin Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yaosheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zuyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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21
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Bilibio JP, Meireles AJC, Conto ED, Lorenzzoni PL, Nascimento FCD, Cunha-Filho JSD. GDF9 polymorphisms: influence on ovarian response in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. JBRA Assist Reprod 2020; 24:447-453. [PMID: 32510893 PMCID: PMC7558902 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study looked into the possible influence of GDF9 polymorphisms on ovarian response in women with a normal ovarian reserve undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF). METHODS This cross-sectional study included 67 women with normal ovarian reserve aged 30-39 years submitted to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for IVF. We sequenced four polymorphisms in the GDF9 gene (C398G, C447T, G546A, and G646A) and analyzed their influence on follicular and oocyte outcomes. RESULTS The mutant allele C398G decreased the total number of follicles >17mm (6.49 vs. 4.33, p=0.001), total number of follicles (10.11 vs. 7.33, p=0.032), number of MII oocytes retrieved, and serum progesterone levels on trigger day. The C447T polymorphism was associated with a greater number of follicles between 12 and 14 mm on the day of r-hCG, while the G546A polymorphism was associated with lower serum progesterone levels on trigger day. CONCLUSIONS GDF9 gene polymorphisms C398G and C447T adversely affected ovarian response in women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. These findings show that in addition to playing a role in the early stages of folliculogenesis, GDF9 polymorphisms have an important impact on the final stage of oocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paolo Bilibio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.,Clinica de reprodução assistida Pronatus, Belém, PA, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Arivaldo José Conceição Meireles
- Clinica de reprodução assistida Pronatus, Belém, PA, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Emily De Conto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Clínica Insemine de Medicina Reprodutiva, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Sabino da Cunha-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Clínica Insemine de Medicina Reprodutiva, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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22
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Hashemian Z, Afsharian P, Farzaneh P, Eftekhari-Yazdi P, Vakhshiteh F, Daneshvar Amoli A, Nasimian A. Establishment and characterization of a PCOS and a normal human granulosa cell line. Cytotechnology 2020; 72:10.1007/s10616-020-00426-3. [PMID: 32989584 PMCID: PMC7695766 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte maturation is an important phase in fertility and any disorder in this process could lead to infertility. The most common disorder during folliculogenesis is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Due to the secretive activity of granulosa cells (GCs), they play a vital role in folliculogenesis. Although scientists use various cellular and molecular methods to have a better understanding of the mechanism of these cells, some limitations still exist in GC culture such as low primary cell yield and proliferation capability. Therefore, immortalization of primary cells is an approach to overcome these limitations. In the current study, GCs were obtained from two females, one with PCOS and one with normal folliculogenesis. In the first stage, we established two human GC (hGC) lines by immortalizing them through retrovirus-mediated transfer of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and c-Myc genes. Subsequently, the normal and PCOS cell lines were characterized and were investigated for their growth features. The cell lines were also examined in terms of immortal markers of hTERT, follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), aromatase, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), estrogen, and progesterone. Our results indicated that the normal and PCOS cell lines both showed similar characteristics to GCs during the follicular stage in normal and PCOS women. The normal and PCOS cell lines demonstrate molecular mechanisms similar to that of GCs such as folliculogenesis, oogenesis, and steroidogenesis, which enable researchers to perform further investigations in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Hashemian
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Afsharian
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Farzaneh
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Poopak Eftekhari-Yazdi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Vakhshiteh
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Nasimian
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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23
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Association between polymorphism in BMP15 and GDF9 genes and impairing female fecundity in diabetes type 2. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43043-020-00032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A shortened reproductive period and earlier menopause have been associated with type 2 diabetes. Growth differentiation factor 9(GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) gene mutations have been associated with earlier menopause. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between BMP15 and GDF9 mutations with impairing female fecundity in diabetic patients. The study subjects comprised 90 female diabetic patients and 60 female healthy controls. The physio-biochemical analysis was measured using enzymatic determination. A single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) protocol was utilized to assess the pattern of genetic variations.
Results
Genotyping analysis of the BMP15 gene showed a heterogeneous pattern with the presence of two genotypes: AA and AC genotypes. Five novel missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the BMP15 gene: four SNPs detected in both genotypes, and Met4Leu, a specific SNP, was detected only in the AC genotype. Cumulative in silico tools indicated a highly deleterious effect for the Met4Leu on the mutant protein structure, function, and stability. Diabetes patients showed a significantly higher frequency of genotype AC. The physio-biochemical analysis of fasting plasma glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in AC genotype than AA genotype.
Conclusions
The current research provides the first indication regarding the tight association of BMP15 polymorphism with the impairing female fecundity in the diabetic. A pivotal role is played by the novel (Met4Leu) SNP that can be used as a predictor for the impairing female fecundity of diabetes, while no polymorphism was found in exon 4 of the GDF9 gene.
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24
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Chantepie L, Bodin L, Sarry J, Woloszyn F, Plisson-Petit F, Ruesche J, Drouilhet L, Fabre S. Genome-Wide Identification of a Regulatory Mutation in BMP15 Controlling Prolificacy in Sheep. Front Genet 2020; 11:585. [PMID: 32636872 PMCID: PMC7317000 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for the genetic determinism of prolificacy variability in sheep has evidenced several major mutations in genes playing a crucial role in the control of ovulation rate. In the Noire du Velay (NV) sheep population, a recent genetic study has evidenced the segregation of such a mutation named FecL L . However, based on litter size (LS) records of FecL L non-carrier ewes, the segregation of a second prolificacy major mutation was suspected in this population. In order to identify this mutation, we have combined a case/control genome-wide association study with ovine 50k SNP chip genotyping, whole genome sequencing, and functional analyses. A new single nucleotide polymorphism (OARX:50977717T > A, NC_019484) located on the X chromosome upstream of the BMP15 gene was evidenced to be highly associated with the prolificacy variability (P = 1.93E-11). The variant allele was called FecX N and shown to segregate also in the Blanche du Massif Central (BMC) sheep population. In both NV and BMC, the FecX N allele frequency was estimated close to 0.10, and its effect on LS was estimated at +0.20 lamb per lambing at the heterozygous state. Homozygous FecX N carrier ewes were fertile with increased prolificacy in contrast to numerous mutations affecting BMP15. At the molecular level, FecX N was shown to decrease BMP15 promoter activity and supposed to impact BMP15 expression in the oocyte. This regulatory action was proposed as the causal mechanism for the FecX N mutation to control ovulation rate and prolificacy in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stéphane Fabre
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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25
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Luteinizing Hormone Action in Human Oocyte Maturation and Quality: Signaling Pathways, Regulation, and Clinical Impact. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1223-1252. [PMID: 32046451 PMCID: PMC7190682 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-019-00137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ovarian follicle luteinizing hormone (LH) signaling molecules that regulate oocyte meiotic maturation have recently been identified. The LH signal reduces preovulatory follicle cyclic nucleotide levels which releases oocytes from the first meiotic arrest. In the ovarian follicle, the LH signal reduces cyclic nucleotide levels via the CNP/NPR2 system, the EGF/EGF receptor network, and follicle/oocyte gap junctions. In the oocyte, reduced cyclic nucleotide levels activate the maturation promoting factor (MPF). The activated MPF induces chromosome segregation and completion of the first and second meiotic divisions. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the current understanding of human LH signaling regulation of oocyte meiotic maturation by identifying and integrating the human studies on this topic. We found 89 human studies in the literature that identified 24 LH follicle/oocyte signaling proteins. These studies show that human oocyte meiotic maturation is regulated by the same proteins that regulate animal oocyte meiotic maturation. We also found that these LH signaling pathway molecules regulate human oocyte quality and subsequent embryo quality. Remarkably, in vitro maturation (IVM) prematuration culture (PMC) protocols that manipulate the LH signaling pathway improve human oocyte quality of cultured human oocytes. This knowledge has improved clinical human IVM efficiency which may become a routine alternative ART for some infertile patients.
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26
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Owens LA, Kristensen SG, Lerner A, Christopoulos G, Lavery S, Hanyaloglu AC, Hardy K, Yding Andersen C, Franks S. Gene Expression in Granulosa Cells From Small Antral Follicles From Women With or Without Polycystic Ovaries. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:6182-6192. [PMID: 31276164 PMCID: PMC6822643 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of anovulation. A key feature of PCOS is arrest of follicles at the small- to medium-sized antral stage. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN To provide further insight into the mechanism of follicle arrest in PCOS, we profiled (i) gonadotropin receptors; (ii) characteristics of aberrant steroidogenesis; and (iii) expression of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and its receptor in granulosa cells (GCs) from unstimulated, human small antral follicles (hSAFs) and from granulosa lutein cells (GLCs). SETTING GCs from hSAFs were collected at the time of cryopreservation of ovarian tissue for fertility preservation and GLCs collected during oocyte aspiration before in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. PARTICIPANTS We collected hSAF GCs from 31 women (98 follicles): 10 with polycystic ovaries (PCO) and 21 without. GLCs were collected from 6 women with PCOS and 6 controls undergoing IVF. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Expression of the following genes: LHCGR, FSHR, AR, INSR, HSD3B2, CYP11A1, CYP19, STAR, AMH, AMHR2, FST, INHBA, INHBB in GCs and GLCs were compared between women with PCO and controls. RESULTS GCs in hSAFs from women with PCO showed higher expression of LHCGR in a subset (20%) of follicles. Expression of FSHR (P < 0.05), AR (P < 0.05), and CYP11A1 (P < 0.05) was lower, and expression of CYP19A1 (P < 0.05), STAR (P < 0.05), HSD3B2 (P = NS), and INHBA (P < 0.05) was higher in PCO GCs. Gene expression in GL cells differed between women with and without PCOS but also differed from that in GCs. CONCLUSIONS Follicle arrest in PCO is characterized in GCs by differential regulation of key genes involved in follicle growth and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ann Owens
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Lisa Owens, MD, PhD, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom. E-mail:
| | - Stine Gry Kristensen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Avi Lerner
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Christopoulos
- Wolfson Fertility Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Lavery
- Wolfson Fertility Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aylin C Hanyaloglu
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Hardy
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claus Yding Andersen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, The Juliane Marie Centre for Women, Children and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephen Franks
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Kusuma AC, Oktari N, Mihardja H, Srilestari A, Simadibrata CL, Hestiantoro A, Wiweko B, Muna N. Electroacupuncture Enhances Number of Mature Oocytes and Fertility Rates for In Vitro Fertilization. Med Acupunct 2019; 31:289-297. [PMID: 31624528 DOI: 10.1089/acu.2019.1368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The increasing prevalence of infertility every year is in line with the increasing need for in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs. Failure of oocyte maturation is an obstacle that often causes low success in IVF. According to several studies, controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) has been reported to increase the risk of granulosa-cell apoptosis associated with inhibition of oocyte maturation. This study was conducted to determine the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on oocyte maturation; rate of fertilization; granulosa-cell apoptosis; and levels of growth-differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone-morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) an IVF program. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 24 subjects who were in the IVF program. Subjects were randomly allocated into verum-EA (n = 12) and sham-EA groups (n = 12). Microscopic assessment of oocyte maturation and rate of fertilization was performed by embryologists, and examinations of granulosa-cell apoptosis index (Bax/Bcl-2 ratio), GDF9, and BMP15 were performed, using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and messenger-RNA techniques. Results: There were significant differences in oocyte maturation (P = 0.02) and fertilization rates (P = 0.03) between the verum-EA and sham-EA groups. There were differences in granulosa-cell apoptosis index between the verum-EA and sham-EA groups (P < 0.001). There were significant differences in Bax-protein expression (P = 0.04) and Bcl-2 (P = 0.03) granulosa cells between the verum-EA and sham-EA groups. There was no significant difference in GDF9 levels (P = 0.34) and BMP15 (p = 0.47) between the verum-EA and sham-EA groups. Conclusions: EA can enhance oocyte maturation and fertilization rate, and reduce the granulosa-cell apoptosis index in an IVF program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayu Cintani Kusuma
- Department of Medical Acupuncture, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nadia Oktari
- Department of Medical Acupuncture, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hasan Mihardja
- Department of Medical Acupuncture, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Adiningsih Srilestari
- Department of Medical Acupuncture, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Christina L Simadibrata
- Department of Medical Acupuncture, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Andon Hestiantoro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Budi Wiweko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Naylah Muna
- Human Reproductive, Infertility and Family Planning Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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28
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Riepsamen AH, Chan K, Lien S, Sweeten P, Donoghoe MW, Walker G, Fraison EHJ, Stocker WA, Walton KL, Harrison CA, Ledger WL, Robertson DM, Gilchrist RB. Serum Concentrations of Oocyte-Secreted Factors BMP15 and GDF9 During IVF and in Women With Reproductive Pathologies. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2298-2313. [PMID: 31211369 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oocyte-secreted factors bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) are critical for folliculogenesis and fertility. This study developed ELISAs for the measurement of BMP15 and GDF9 in serum and investigated their usefulness as biomarkers of female reproductive function. Serum samples were obtained from women undergoing infertility treatments (n = 154) and from perimenopausal and postmenopausal women (n = 28). Serum concentrations of BMP15 and GDF9 were analyzed in women relative to age, anti-Müllerian hormone, number of oocytes retrieved, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) after superovulation for in vitro fertilization. BMP15 and GDF9 immunoassays were validated for specificity, sensitivity (24 and 26 pg/mL, respectively), and reproducibility. BMP15 and GDF9 were detectable in 61% and 29% of women, respectively. BMP15 and GDF9 varied 64-fold and 15-fold, respectively, between women, but they did not change within subjects following ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins. Serum GDF9 concentration, but not BMP15 concentration, was associated with oocyte number retrieved in patients without PCOS (P = 0.018). GDF9 and BMP15 associations with oocyte number differed significantly (P < 0.05) with PCOS status. GDF9 concentrations were lower in poor responders (women with fewer than four oocytes retrieved or with cancelled cycles; P = 0.020). Serum BMP15, but not GDF9, was lower in women >55 years of age, compared with women of reproductive age (P < 0.01). This study develops and validates immunoassays to quantitate BMP15 and GDF9 in human serum and to correlate concentrations with female reproductive potential. Although assay sensitivities require improvement, this study demonstrates the diagnostic potential of oocyte-secreted BMP15 and GDF9 as serum biomarkers in reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique H Riepsamen
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Chan
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shelly Lien
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Prudence Sweeten
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- IVF Australia, Greenwich, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark W Donoghoe
- Stats Central, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Glenda Walker
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- IVF Australia, Greenwich, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eloïse H J Fraison
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William A Stocker
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly L Walton
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig A Harrison
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - William L Ledger
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- IVF Australia, Greenwich, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David M Robertson
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert B Gilchrist
- Fertility and Research Centre, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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29
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Ho CH, Chang CM, Li HY, Shen HY, Lieu FK, Wang PSG. Dysregulated immunological and metabolic functions discovered by a polygenic integrative analysis for PCOS. Reprod Biomed Online 2019; 40:160-167. [PMID: 31780352 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disease and its pathophysiology is still unclear. This polygenic study may provide some clues. DESIGN A polygenic, functionome-based study with the ovarian gene expression profiles downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including 48 PCOS and 181 normal control samples. These profiles were converted to the gene set regularity (GSR) indices, which were computed by the modified differential rank conversion algorithm and were defined by the gene ontology terms. RESULTS Machine learning could accurately recognize the patterns of functional regularities between PCOS and normal controls. The significantly aberrant functions in PCOS included transporter activity, catalytic activity, the receptor signalling pathway via signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), the cellular metabolic process, and immune response. CONCLUSION This study provided a comprehensive view of the dysregulated functions and information for further studies on the management of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hong Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China; Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Yang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Heng-Yi Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fu-Kong Lieu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Paulus Shyi-Gang Wang
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China; Medical Center of Ageing Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China.
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30
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Koroglu N, Aydogan Mathyk B, Tola EN, Aslan Cetin B, Temel Yuksel I, Dag I, Yetkin Yıldırım G. Gremlin-1 and gremlin-2 levels in polycystic ovary syndrome and their clinical correlations. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:604-607. [PMID: 30712421 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1566452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Gremlin 1 and 2 regulate oocyte primordial follicle transition in animal models. The main objective of this study is to measure the blood levels of Gremlin 1 and 2 in the women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). We also aimed to evaluate the association of these markers with hormonal and biochemical parameters of PCOS as interrupted folliculogenesis in those women is related to metabolic dysfunction. Material and methods: Fifty women with PCOS were diagnosed according to Rotterdam criteria, and thirty age-matched female controls were included in this prospective study. Gremlin 1 and 2 levels along with hormonal and metabolic parameters were compared between PCOS and control groups. Results: Serum Gremlin 1 levels were significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group (p = .001). Gremlin 2 levels were similar between the groups. Besides, there was a significant positive correlation between Gremlin 1 and insulin levels, Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) (r = 0.305; r = 0.297; r = 0.303, respectively). Conclusion: Our data suggest that Gremlin 1 may be the key regulator in the pathogenesis of PCOS. In future, Gremlin 1 may be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiye Koroglu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Health Sciences University Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | | | - Esra Nur Tola
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine , Isparta , Turkey
| | - Berna Aslan Cetin
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Health Sciences University Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ilkbal Temel Yuksel
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Health Sciences University Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ismail Dag
- d Department of Biochemistry , Eyup State Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Gonca Yetkin Yıldırım
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Health Sciences University Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
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Zhang X, Ji M, Tan X, Yu K, Liu X, Li N, Yu Z. Impairment of ovaries by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorobenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure in utero associated with BMP15 and GDF9 in the female offspring rat. Toxicology 2018; 410:16-25. [PMID: 30172648 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorobenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure in utero had been shown to affect ovarian development and functions. However, its mechanism remained unknown. In this study, to investigate the effect of maternal exposure to TCDD on ovaries, the pregnant Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were treated with TCDD (100 ng/kg or 500 ng/kg) or only vehicle and corn oil on the day 8-14 of gestation through the gavage with a stainless-steel feeding needle (once a day). The vaginal opening and estrous cycle of female offspring rats (F1) were monitored twice a day. The ovarian histology, follicle counts, real-time PCR, western blotting and DNA methylation analysis about Gdf9 and Bmp15 were carried out in F1 rats. The results showed that exposure to TCDD (especially the dose of 500 ng/kg) in utero on GD8-14 might change the ovary weight, the concentration of E2 and FSH, the estrous cycles and the numbers of primordial and secondary follicles of the offspring rats. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression of GDF9 and BMP15 was down-regulated, while the methylation patterns of Gdf9 and Bmp15 were not affected. In conclusion, maternal exposure to TCDD could affect the ovary development and functions which were possibly associated with down-regulation of mRNA and protein expression of GDF9 and BMP15. However, the down-regulation was not related to the pattern of methylation of Gdf9 and Bmp15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Public Health College of Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 of Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mengmeng Ji
- Public Health College of Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xuemei Tan
- Public Health College of Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Kailun Yu
- Public Health College of Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaozhuan Liu
- Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital, No. 7 of Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ning Li
- Henan Agricultural University, No. 63 of Agricultural Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zengli Yu
- Public Health College of Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Nilsson E, Klukovich R, Sadler-Riggleman I, Beck D, Xie Y, Yan W, Skinner MK. Environmental toxicant induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of ovarian pathology and granulosa cell epigenome and transcriptome alterations: ancestral origins of polycystic ovarian syndrome and primary ovarian insufiency. Epigenetics 2018; 13:875-895. [PMID: 30207508 PMCID: PMC6224216 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1521223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Two of the most prevalent ovarian diseases affecting women's fertility and health are Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). Previous studies have shown that exposure to a number of environmental toxicants can promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of ovarian disease. In the current study, transgenerational changes to the transcriptome and epigenome of ovarian granulosa cells are characterized in F3 generation rats after ancestral vinclozolin or DDT exposures. In purified granulosa cells from 20-day-old F3 generation females, 164 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) (P < 1 x 10-6) were found in the F3 generation vinclozolin lineage and 293 DMRs (P < 1 x 10-6) in the DDT lineage, compared to controls. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) were found to be differentially expressed in both the vinclozolin and DDT lineage granulosa cells. There were 492 sncRNAs (P < 1 x 10-4) in the vinclozolin lineage and 1,085 sncRNAs (P < 1 x 10-4) in the DDT lineage. There were 123 lncRNAs and 51 lncRNAs in the vinclozolin and DDT lineages, respectively (P < 1 x 10-4). Differentially expressed mRNAs were also found in the vinclozolin lineage (174 mRNAs at P < 1 x 10-4) and the DDT lineage (212 mRNAs at P < 1 x 10-4) granulosa cells. Comparisons with known ovarian disease associated genes were made. These transgenerational epigenetic changes appear to contribute to the dysregulation of the ovary and disease susceptibility that can occur in later life. Observations suggest that ancestral exposure to toxicants is a risk factor that must be considered in the molecular etiology of ovarian disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Nilsson
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Rachel Klukovich
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Ingrid Sadler-Riggleman
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Beck
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Yeming Xie
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Michael K. Skinner
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Crespo RP, Bachega TASS, Mendonça BB, Gomes LG. An update of genetic basis of PCOS pathogenesis. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2018; 62:352-361. [PMID: 29972435 PMCID: PMC10118782 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex endocrine disorder that affects 5-20% of reproductive age women. PCOS clinical symptoms include hirsutism, menstrual dysfunction, infertility, obesity and metabolic syndrome. There is a wide heterogeneity in clinical manifestations and metabolic complications. The pathogenesis of PCOS is not fully elucidated, but four aspects seem to contribute to the syndrome to different degrees: increased ovarian and/or adrenal androgen secretion, partial folliculogenesis arrest, insulin resistance and neuroendocrine axis dysfunction. A definitive etiology remains to be elucidated, but PCOS has a strong heritable component indicated by familial clustering and twin studies. Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified several new risk loci and candidate genes for PCOS. Despite these findings, the association studies have explained less than 10% of heritability. Therefore, we could speculate that different phenotypes and subphenotypes are caused by rare private genetic variants. Modern genetic studies, such as whole exome and genome sequencing, will help to clarify the contribution of these rare genetic variants on different PCOS phenotypes. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2018;62(3):352-61.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiane P Crespo
- Divisão de Endocrinologia e Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular (LIM-42), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Tania A S S Bachega
- Divisão de Endocrinologia e Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular (LIM-42), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Berenice B Mendonça
- Divisão de Endocrinologia e Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular (LIM-42), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Larissa G Gomes
- Divisão de Endocrinologia e Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular (LIM-42), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Effect of the interaction of metformin and bone morphogenetic proteins on ovarian steroidogenesis by human granulosa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1422-1427. [PMID: 30017187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we studied the effects of metformin and its interactions with the actions of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) on ovarian steroidogenesis. It was revealed that metformin treatment enhanced progesterone production by human granulosa KGN cells and rat primary granulosa cells induced by forskolin and FSH, respectively. In human granulosa cells, it was found that metformin treatment suppressed phosphorylation of Smad1/5/9 activated by BMP-15 compared with that induced by other BMP ligands. Moreover, metformin treatment increased the expression of inhibitory Smad6, but not of that Smad7, in human granulosa cells, while metformin had no significant impact on the expression levels of BMP type-I and -II receptors. Thus, the mechanism by which metformin suppresses BMP-15-induced Smad1/5/9 phosphorylation is likely, at least in part, to be upregulation of inhibitory Smad6 expression in granulosa cells. The results suggest the existence of functional interaction between metformin and BMP signaling, in which metformin enhances progesterone production by downregulating endogenous BMP-15 activity in granulosa cells.
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Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue may be considered in young girls with galactosemia. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:1209-1217. [PMID: 29804175 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim was to describe the first experience with fertility preservation by cryopreservation of ovarian tissue (OTC) in pre-pubertal girls with galactosemia and further to characterize ovarian follicular morphology and expression of proteins important for ovarian function. METHODS Retrospectively, follicle density was estimated in ovarian cortical tissues from 6 pre-pubertal girls below the age of 12 years diagnosed with galactosemia and from 31 girls below the age of 18 years who had one ovary removed for fertility preservation for other reasons prior to gonadotoxic treatment. Additionally, expression of 4 glycoproteins important for follicle development were analyzed with immunohistochemistry in two galactosemic ovaries (aged 0.9 and 1.7 years) and compared to normal age-matched controls. The proteins included were: anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) pro-mature and C-terminal, growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9), bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15), and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A). RESULTS Girls with galactosemia below the age of 5 years presented with morphological normal follicles and follicle densities within the 95% confidence interval (CI) of controls. No follicles were detected in the ovary from an 11.7-year-old girl with galactosemia. Expression of AMH, GDF-9, BMP-15, and PAPP-A appeared similar in follicles from girls with galactosemia and controls. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that young girls with galactosemia maintain follicles in early childhood and fertility cryopreservation may be considered an option in this patient group. The pathophysiology of galactosemia leading to an accelerated follicle loss is unknown and it is currently unknown to what extent transplanted ovarian tissue can sustain fertility in adult life.
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Kawai T, Richards JS, Shimada M. The Cell Type-Specific Expression of Lhcgr in Mouse Ovarian Cells: Evidence for a DNA-Demethylation-Dependent Mechanism. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2062-2074. [PMID: 29579175 PMCID: PMC5905396 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The luteinizing hormone receptor (LHCGR) is expressed at low levels in mural granulosa cells and cumulus cells of antral follicles and is induced dramatically in granulosa cells but not in cumulus cells by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Therefore, we hypothesized that FSH not only activates transcription factors controlling Lhcgr expression but also alters other events to permit and enhance Lhcgr expression in granulosa cells but not in cumulus cells. In granulosa cells, the level of DNA methylation in the Lhcgr promoter region was significantly decreased by equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) in vivo. However, in cumulus cells, hypermethylation of the Lhcgr promoter remained after eCG stimulation. eCG induced estrogen production from testosterone (T) and retinoic acid (RA) synthesis in granulosa cells. When either T or RA in the presence or absence of FSH was added to granulosa cell cultures, the combined treatment with FSH and RA induced demethylation of Lhcgr-promoter region and Lhcgr expression. FSH-dependent RA synthesis was negatively regulated by coculture of granulosa cells with denuded oocytes, suggesting that oocyte-secreted factors downregulate RA production in cumulus cells where Lhcgr expression was not induced. Strikingly, treatment of cultured cumulus-oocyte complexes with a SMAD inhibitor, SB431542, significantly induced RA production, demethylation of Lhcgr-promoter region, and Lhcgr expression in cumulus cells. These results indicate the demethylation of the Lhcgr-promoter region is mediated, at least in part, by RA synthesis and is a key mechanism regulating the cell type-specific differentiation during follicular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kawai
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - JoAnne S Richards
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Masayuki Shimada
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- Correspondence: Masayuki Shimada, PhD, Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan. E-mail:
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Zhai Y, Yao G, Rao F, Wang Y, Song X, Sun F. Excessive nerve growth factor impairs bidirectional communication between the oocyte and cumulus cells resulting in reduced oocyte competence. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:28. [PMID: 29580253 PMCID: PMC5869770 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive nerve growth factor (NGF) is commonly found in the follicular fluid of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Furthermore, oocytes from PCOS patients exhibit lower developmental competence. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between excessive NGF and low oocyte competence in vitro. METHODS Excessive NGF was added to mouse cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) cultured in vitro to investigate meiotic maturation of the oocyte. After culture, mRNA expression levels of Pfkp and Ldha genes in cumulus cells (CCs) and Gdf9, Bmp15 and Fgf8 genes in oocytes, were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We also investigated the mRNA content of Pfkp and Ldha in CCs from PCOS and non-PCOS patients. RESULTS Excessive NGF significantly inhibited oocyte meiotic maturation. The inhibitory effect was mediated by the NGF high-affinity receptor, NTRK1. mRNA content of Pfkp and Ldha genes in CCs was significantly reduced by excessive NGF stimulation. Moreover, the expression levels of Gdf9, Bmp15 and Fgf8 were also decreased in oocytes, and was induced by excessive NGF-stimulated CCs. In addition, lower expression levels of Pfkp and Ldha in CCs were identified in Chinese PCOS patients with excessive NGF (PCOS, 22 ± 2.63 ng/ml, n = 13; non-PCOS, 7.18 ± 2.42 ng/ml, n = 9; p < 0.01) in the follicular fluid, suggesting a potential association between excessive NGF and decreased glycolysis in the CCs of women with PCOS. CONCLUSIONS Excessive NGF impairs bidirectional communication between oocyte and cumulus cells, which might be related to low oocyte competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhai
- 0000000121679639grid.59053.3aSchool of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui People’s Republic of China
- 0000000121679639grid.59053.3aHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui People’s Republic of China
| | - Guidong Yao
- grid.412633.1Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan People’s Republic of China
| | - Faiza Rao
- 0000000121679639grid.59053.3aSchool of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui People’s Republic of China
- 0000000121679639grid.59053.3aHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- 0000000121679639grid.59053.3aSchool of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui People’s Republic of China
- 0000000121679639grid.59053.3aHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Song
- 0000000121679639grid.59053.3aSchool of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui People’s Republic of China
- 0000000121679639grid.59053.3aHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Sun
- 0000000121679639grid.59053.3aSchool of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui People’s Republic of China
- 0000000121679639grid.59053.3aHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui People’s Republic of China
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Belli M, Shimasaki S. Molecular Aspects and Clinical Relevance of GDF9 and BMP15 in Ovarian Function. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 107:317-348. [PMID: 29544636 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) are oocyte-secreted factors with a leading role in the control of ovarian function in female reproduction, modulating both the cell fate of the somatic granulosa cells and the quality and developmental competence of the egg. This short review aims to consolidate the molecular aspects of GDF9 and BMP15 and their integral actions in female fertility to understand particularly their effects on oocyte quality and fetal growth. The significant consequences of mutations in the GDF9 and BMP15 genes in women with dizygotic twins as well as the clinical relevance of these oocyte factors in the pathogenesis of primary ovarian insufficiency and polycystic ovary syndrome are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Belli
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shunichi Shimasaki
- University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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Yan YL, Desvignes T, Bremiller R, Wilson C, Dillon D, High S, Draper B, Buck CL, Postlethwait J. Gonadal soma controls ovarian follicle proliferation through Gsdf in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:925-945. [PMID: 28856758 PMCID: PMC5761338 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant signaling between germ cells and somatic cells can lead to reproductive disease and depends on diffusible signals, including transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) -family proteins. The TGFB-family protein Gsdf (gonadal soma derived factor) controls sex determination in some fish and is a candidate for mediating germ cell/soma signaling. RESULTS Zebrafish expressed gsdf in somatic cells of bipotential gonads and expression continued in ovarian granulosa cells and testicular Sertoli cells. Homozygous gsdf knockout mutants delayed leaving the bipotential gonad state, but then became a male or a female. Mutant females ovulated a few oocytes, then became sterile, accumulating immature follicles. Female mutants stored excess lipid and down-regulated aromatase, gata4, insulin receptor, estrogen receptor, and genes for lipid metabolism, vitellogenin, and steroid biosynthesis. Mutant females contained less estrogen and more androgen than wild-types. Mutant males were fertile. Genomic analysis suggests that Gsdf, Bmp15, and Gdf9, originated as paralogs in vertebrate genome duplication events. CONCLUSIONS In zebrafish, gsdf regulates ovarian follicle maturation and expression of genes for steroid biosynthesis, obesity, diabetes, and female fertility, leading to ovarian and extra-ovarian phenotypes that mimic human polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), suggesting a role for a related TGFB signaling molecule in the etiology of PCOS. Developmental Dynamics 246:925-945, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | | | - Ruth Bremiller
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | | | - Danielle Dillon
- Center for Bioengineering Innovation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
| | - Samantha High
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Bruce Draper
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Charles Loren Buck
- Center for Bioengineering Innovation, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
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Cui X, Jing X, Wu X, Bi X, Liu J, Long Z, Zhang X, Zhang D, Jia H, Su D, Huo K. Abnormal expression levels of BMP15/Smad1 are associated with granulosa cell apoptosis in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8231-8236. [PMID: 28983616 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects reproductive dysfunction and metabolism in women of childbearing age. An increasing number of studies have suggested that the bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) signalling pathway serves an important role in the pathogenesis of PCOS; however, the full mechanism remains unknown. The present study revealed that intrinsic follicular dysplasia may be associated with regulation disorders of ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis. Compared with the control group, body mass index, luteinising hormone and testosterone levels were significantly increased (P<0.05). The percentage of S phase cells was significantly higher, cells in G2/M phase cells was significantly lower, and cells undergoing apoptosis was significantly higher in the PCOS group compared with the control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of B‑cell lymphoma 2 was significantly decreased in granulosa cells of PCOS group, whereas the expression of caspase‑3 was higher than the control group (P<0.05). The rate of apoptosis of granulosa cells was measured by a terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP nick‑end labelling assay. The relative mRNA expression levels of BMP receptor 2 and SMAD1 were significantly decreased in granulosa cells in the PCOS group compared with the control (P<0.05). In addition, the expression of BMP15 in follicular fluid and Smad1 in granulosa cells was significantly decreased in the PCOS group compared with the control (P<0.05). The data suggested that the BMP15/Smad1 signalling pathway may be involved in granulosa cell apoptosis, and may be a target for clinical treatment for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Cui
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Jing
- Clinical Laboratory, Shanxi Province People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Xingyu Bi
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Junfen Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Zhijing Long
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Xiuping Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Hongxiang Jia
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Dan Su
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Kai Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Tumor Hospital of Shanxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
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Karagül Mİ, Aktaş S, Coşkun Yılmaz B, Yılmaz M, Orekici Temel G. GDF9 and BMP15 Expressions and Fine Structure Changes During Folliculogenesis in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Balkan Med J 2017; 35:43-54. [PMID: 28903889 PMCID: PMC5820447 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.2016.1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most frequently seen endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age with a prevalence of about 10%. Aims: To investigate the efficiency of growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15 during folliculogenesis in a dehydroepiandrosterone-induced mouse Polycystic ovary syndrome model. Study Design: Animal experimentation. Methods: Mice were divided into 3 groups: control, vehicle and Polycystic ovary syndrome. Polycystic ovary syndrome model mice were developed by the injection of dehydroepiandrosterone dissolved in 0.1 mL of sesame oil. Ovarian tissues were examined for growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15 using immunofluorescent labelling and electron microscopic examinations. Results: The immunoreactivity of growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15 proteins decreased (p<0.05) in the Polycystic ovary syndrome group (27.73±8.43 and 24.85±7.03, respectively) compared with the control group (33.72±11.22 and 31.12±11.05, respectively) and vehicle group (33.95±10.75 and 29.99±10.72, respectively). Apoptotic changes were observed in granulosa cells, lipid vacuoles increased in Theca cells and thickening and irregularities were noted in the basal lamina of granulosa cells. An increased electron density in the zona pellucida in some of the multilaminar primary and secondary follicles in the Polycystic ovary syndrome model was also observed at the ultrastructural level. Conclusion: These results suggest that the decrease in the growth differentiation factor 9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15 expression initiated at the primary follicle stage effect the follicle development and zona pellucida structure and may cause subfertility or infertility in Polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem İlkay Karagül
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Savaş Aktaş
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Banu Coşkun Yılmaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yılmaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Health Sciences School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülhan Orekici Temel
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Mersin University School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
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Fournier A, Torre A, Delaroche L, Gala A, Mullet T, Ferrières A, Hamamah S. [Quality of oocytes and embryos from women with polycystic ovaries syndrome: State of the art]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 45:429-438. [PMID: 28757106 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the consequent fertility disorders cause many difficulties in the management of the assisted reproductive technics. Some studies are focused on different additional treatments, stimulation protocols or techniques that could optimize the in vitro fertilization cycles. The quality of the oocytes and embryos of these patients is also an outstanding issue. They remain difficult to actually evaluate during management, and none of the few published studies on this subject demonstrated any inferiority, compared to control patients. However, many differences have been highlighted, studying intra- and extra-ovarian factors. The advent of new genetic techniques could allow a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the syndrome, as well as refining the evaluation of oocytes and embryos, in order to better predict the results of in vitro fertilization attempts. Pregnancy and birth rates, however, appear to be comparable to those of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fournier
- Département de biologie de la reproduction et du diagnostic pré-implantatoire, hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, 371, avenue du Doyen-Gaston-Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - A Torre
- Département gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, 371, avenue du Doyen-Gaston-Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - L Delaroche
- Clinique P. Cherest, centre de fécondation in vitro, 5, rue Pierre-Cherest, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - A Gala
- Département de biologie de la reproduction et du diagnostic pré-implantatoire, hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, 371, avenue du Doyen-Gaston-Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France; Inserm U1203, institut de médecine régénérative et biothérapies (IRMB), hôpital Saint-Éloi, CHRU de Montpellier, 80, rue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - T Mullet
- Département de biologie de la reproduction et du diagnostic pré-implantatoire, hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, 371, avenue du Doyen-Gaston-Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France; Inserm U1203, institut de médecine régénérative et biothérapies (IRMB), hôpital Saint-Éloi, CHRU de Montpellier, 80, rue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - A Ferrières
- Département de biologie de la reproduction et du diagnostic pré-implantatoire, hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, 371, avenue du Doyen-Gaston-Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France; Inserm U1203, institut de médecine régénérative et biothérapies (IRMB), hôpital Saint-Éloi, CHRU de Montpellier, 80, rue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - S Hamamah
- Département de biologie de la reproduction et du diagnostic pré-implantatoire, hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, 371, avenue du Doyen-Gaston-Giraud, 34090 Montpellier, France; Inserm U1203, institut de médecine régénérative et biothérapies (IRMB), hôpital Saint-Éloi, CHRU de Montpellier, 80, rue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France.
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Su Y, Wu J, He J, Liu X, Chen X, Ding Y, Zhang C, Chen W, Wang Y, Gao R. High insulin impaired ovarian function in early pregnant mice and the role of autophagy in this process. Endocr J 2017; 64:613-621. [PMID: 28420820 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej16-0494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, such as PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) and T2DM (type 2 diabetes mellitus), are associated with menstrual dysfunction, anovulation, infertility, and early pregnancy loss. Ovarian dysfunction is not only related to low pregnancy rates but also to the increased risk of miscarriage. Women with PCOS or T2DM, characterized by hyperinsulinemia, commonly experience ovarian dysfunction. In this study, we first explored whether high insulin levels directly affected ovarian functioning during embryo implantation. Mice in the insulin-treated group were given a subcutaneous injection of human recombinant insulin. After insulin treatment, serum levels of E2 (estrogen), PROG (progesterone), LH (luteinizing hormone), and FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) were obviously lower, and there was a significant decrement of ovarian GDF9 (growth differentiation factor 9) mRNA. H&E (hematoxylin and eosin) staining showed a greater number of immature follicles and less luteinization in the insulin group. Further autophagy was studied in this process. A significant increase of P62 (SQSTM1/Sequestosome1) and a decrease of Cathepsin B, BECN1 (Beclin 1), and ULK1 (Unc-51-like kinase 1) mRNA in ovary was found in the insulin group. Western blot analysis showed that the expressions of LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3), BECN1, and Cathepsin B proteins in ovaries from insulin group were obviously reduced, while P62 proteins were significantly increased. All these results illustrated that insulin could directly impair ovarian function during embryo implantation and the imbalance of ovarian autophagy due to insulin. Autophagy could enhance the impaired ovarian function results from insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Childen's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Junlin He
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yubin Ding
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenqi Chen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rufei Gao
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Chang HM, Qiao J, Leung PCK. Oocyte-somatic cell interactions in the human ovary-novel role of bone morphogenetic proteins and growth differentiation factors. Hum Reprod Update 2016; 23:1-18. [PMID: 27797914 PMCID: PMC5155571 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmw039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Initially identified for their capability to induce heterotopic bone formation,
bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional growth factors that belong
to the transforming growth factor β superfamily. Using cellular and
molecular genetic approaches, recent studies have implicated intra-ovarian BMPs as
potent regulators of ovarian follicular function. The bi-directional communication
of oocytes and the surrounding somatic cells is mandatory for normal follicle
development and oocyte maturation. This review summarizes the current knowledge on
the physiological role and molecular determinants of these ovarian regulatory
factors within the human germline-somatic regulatory loop. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The regulation of ovarian function remains poorly characterized in humans because,
while the fundamental process of follicular development and oocyte maturation is
highly similar across species, most information on the regulation of ovarian
function is obtained from studies using rodent models. Thus, this review focuses
on the studies that used human biological materials to gain knowledge about human
ovarian biology and disorders and to develop strategies for preventing, diagnosing
and treating these abnormalities. SEARCH METHODS Relevant English-language publications describing the roles of BMPs or growth
differentiation factors (GDFs) in human ovarian biology and phenotypes were
comprehensively searched using PubMed and the Google Scholar database. The
publications included those published since the initial identification of BMPs in
the mammalian ovary in 1999 through July 2016. OUTCOMES Studies using human biological materials have revealed the expression of BMPs,
GDFs and their putative receptors as well as their molecular signaling in the
fundamental cells (oocyte, cumulus/granulosa cells (GCs) and theca/stroma cells)
of the ovarian follicles throughout follicle development. With the availability of
recombinant human BMPs/GDFs and the development of immortalized human cell lines,
functional studies have demonstrated the physiological role of intra-ovarian
BMPs/GDFs in all aspects of ovarian functions, from follicle development to
steroidogenesis, cell–cell communication, oocyte maturation, ovulation and
luteal function. Furthermore, there is crosstalk between these potent ovarian
regulators and the endocrine signaling system. Dysregulation or naturally
occurring mutations within the BMP system may lead to several female reproductive
diseases. The latest development of recombinant BMPs, synthetic BMP inhibitors,
gene therapy and tools for BMP-ligand sequestration has made the BMP pathway a
potential therapeutic target in certain human fertility disorders; however,
further clinical trials are needed. Recent studies have indicated that GDF8 is an
intra-ovarian factor that may play a novel role in regulating ovarian functions in
the human ovary. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Intra-ovarian BMPs/GDFs are critical regulators of folliculogenesis and human
ovarian functions. Any dysregulation or variations in these ligands or their
receptors may affect the related intracellular signaling and influence ovarian
functions, which accounts for several reproductive pathologies and infertility.
Understanding the normal and pathological roles of intra-ovarian BMPs/GDFs,
especially as related to GC functions and follicular fluid levels, will inform
innovative approaches to fertility regulation and improve the diagnosis and
treatment of ovarian disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Room 317, 950 West 28 Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
| | - Jie Qiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Rd., Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Room 317, 950 West 28 Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4H4
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Rosenfield RL, Ehrmann DA. The Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): The Hypothesis of PCOS as Functional Ovarian Hyperandrogenism Revisited. Endocr Rev 2016; 37:467-520. [PMID: 27459230 PMCID: PMC5045492 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 708] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was hypothesized to result from functional ovarian hyperandrogenism (FOH) due to dysregulation of androgen secretion in 1989-1995. Subsequent studies have supported and amplified this hypothesis. When defined as otherwise unexplained hyperandrogenic oligoanovulation, two-thirds of PCOS cases have functionally typical FOH, characterized by 17-hydroxyprogesterone hyperresponsiveness to gonadotropin stimulation. Two-thirds of the remaining PCOS have FOH detectable by testosterone elevation after suppression of adrenal androgen production. About 3% of PCOS have a related isolated functional adrenal hyperandrogenism. The remaining PCOS cases are mild and lack evidence of steroid secretory abnormalities; most of these are obese, which we postulate to account for their atypical PCOS. Approximately half of normal women with polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) have subclinical FOH-related steroidogenic defects. Theca cells from polycystic ovaries of classic PCOS patients in long-term culture have an intrinsic steroidogenic dysregulation that can account for the steroidogenic abnormalities typical of FOH. These cells overexpress most steroidogenic enzymes, particularly cytochrome P450c17. Overexpression of a protein identified by genome-wide association screening, differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic development 1A.V2, in normal theca cells has reproduced this PCOS phenotype in vitro. A metabolic syndrome of obesity-related and/or intrinsic insulin resistance occurs in about half of PCOS patients, and the compensatory hyperinsulinism has tissue-selective effects, which include aggravation of hyperandrogenism. PCOS seems to arise as a complex trait that results from the interaction of diverse genetic and environmental factors. Heritable factors include PCOM, hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, and insulin secretory defects. Environmental factors include prenatal androgen exposure and poor fetal growth, whereas acquired obesity is a major postnatal factor. The variety of pathways involved and lack of a common thread attests to the multifactorial nature and heterogeneity of the syndrome. Further research into the fundamental basis of the disorder will be necessary to optimally correct androgen levels, ovulation, and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Rosenfield
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - David A Ehrmann
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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Cook-Andersen H, Curnow KJ, Su HI, Chang RJ, Shimasaki S. Growth and differentiation factor 9 promotes oocyte growth at the primary but not the early secondary stage in three-dimensional follicle culture. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:1067-77. [PMID: 27155601 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0719-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Factors that differentially regulate oocyte and granulosa cell growth within the early preantral follicle and how these factors differ at each stage of follicle growth remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to isolate and evaluate the effect of recombinant growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) on oocyte and granulosa cell growth at the primary and early secondary stages of preantral follicle growth during in vitro culture. METHODS Primary stage follicles (diameters of 50-89 μm) and early secondary stage follicles (diameters of 90-120 μm) were isolated from immature mice, and individual, intact follicles were cultured in vitro in the presence and absence of recombinant GDF9. The effects of GDF9 on follicle growth were determined by the assessment of changes in the follicle volume during culture. The growth of the granulosa cell and oocyte compartments of the follicles was evaluated separately at each stage. RESULTS GDF9 significantly increased the growth of isolated follicles at both the primary and early secondary follicle stages. Independent evaluation of the granulosa cell and oocyte compartments revealed that, while GDF9 promoted granulosa cell growth at both stages of folliculogenesis, oocyte growth was stage specific. GDF9 promoted growth of the oocyte at the primary, but not the early secondary, follicle stage. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate a stage-specific role for GDF9 in the regulation of oocyte and granulosa cell growth at the primary and early secondary stages of preantral follicle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Cook-Andersen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0633, USA.
| | - Kirsten J Curnow
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0633, USA
| | - H Irene Su
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0633, USA
| | - R Jeffrey Chang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0633, USA
| | - Shunichi Shimasaki
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0633, USA.
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Baskind NE, Balen AH. Hypothalamic-pituitary, ovarian and adrenal contributions to polycystic ovary syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2016; 37:80-97. [PMID: 27137106 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent heterogeneous disorder linked with disturbances of reproductive, endocrine and metabolic function. The definition and aetiological hypotheses of PCOS are continually developing to incorporate evolving evidence of the syndrome, which appears to be both multifactorial and polygenic. The pathophysiology of PCOS encompasses inherent ovarian dysfunction that is strongly influenced by external factors including the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and hyperinsulinaemia. Neuroendocrine abnormalities including increased gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse frequency with consequent hypersecretion of luteinising hormone (LH) affects ovarian androgen synthesis, folliculogenesis and oocyte development. Disturbed ovarian-pituitary and hypothalamic feedback accentuates the gonadotrophin abnormalities, and there is emerging evidence putatively implicating dysfunction of the Kiss 1 system. Within the follicle subunit itself, there are intra-ovarian paracrine modulators, cytokines and growth factors, which appear to play a role. Adrenally derived androgens may also contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS, but their role is less defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ellissa Baskind
- The Leeds Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Seacroft Hospital, York Road, Leeds LS14 6UH, UK.
| | - Adam H Balen
- The Leeds Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Seacroft Hospital, York Road, Leeds LS14 6UH, UK.
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