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Fair T, Lonergan P. The oocyte: the key player in the success of assisted reproduction technologies. Reprod Fertil Dev 2023; 36:133-148. [PMID: 38064189 DOI: 10.1071/rd23164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The ovulation of a mature oocyte at metaphase II of meiosis, with optimal potential to undergo fertilisation by a sperm cell, complete meiosis and sustain the switch to mitotic division, and support early embryo development, involves a protracted and disrupted/delayed series of processes. Many of these are targeted for exploitation in vivo , or recapitulation in vitro , by the livestock industry. Reproductive technologies, including AI, multiple ovulation embryo transfer, ovum pick-up, in vitro embryo production, and oestrus and ovulation synchronisation, offer practitioners and producers the opportunity to produce offspring from genetically valuable dams in much greater numbers than they would normally have in their lifetime, while in vitro oocyte and follicle culture are important platforms for researchers to interrogate the physiological mechanisms driving fertility. The majority of these technologies target the ovarian follicle and the oocyte within; thus, the quality and capability of the recovered oocyte determine the success of the reproductive intervention. Molecular and microscopical technologies have grown exponentially, providing powerful platforms to interrogate the molecular mechanisms which are integral to or affected by ART. The development of the bovine oocyte from its differentiation in the ovary to ovulation is described in the light of its relevance to key aspects of individual interventions, while highlighting the historical timeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudee Fair
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pat Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Silva BR, Barrozo LG, Nascimento DR, Costa FC, Azevedo VAN, Paulino LRFM, Lopes EPF, Batista ALPS, Aguiar FLN, Peixoto CA, Donato MAM, Rodrigues APR, Silva JRV. Effects of cyclic adenosine monophosphate modulating agents during oocyte pre-maturation and the role of melatonin on in vitro maturation of bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 257:107327. [PMID: 37696223 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of cyclic adenosine monophosphate modulating during cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) pre-maturation and the role of melatonin on in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine COCs. In experiment one, COCs were pre-matured for 8 h in control medium or with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and forskolin, IBMX and C-type natriuretic peptide, c-type natriuretic peptide and forskolin or IBMX, forskolin and c-type natriuretic peptide. Then, meiotic progression was evaluated. In experiment two, COCs were pre-matured, followed by IVM in control medium alone or with 10-6, 10-7 or 10-8 M melatonin. After IVM, chromatin configuration, transzonal projections (TZPs), reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial distribution, ultrastructure and mRNA expression for antioxidant enzymes were evaluated. In experiment 1, COCs pre-matured with both C-type natriuretic peptide and forskolin or C-type natriuretic peptide, forskolin and IBMX had lower meiotic resumption rate when compared to control. Considering that IBMX had not an additional effect to potentiate inhibition of meiotic resumption, a combination of C-type natriuretic peptide and forskolin was chosen. In experiment 2, COCs matured with 10-8 M melatonin had greater rates of meiotic resumption when compared to the other treatments (P < 0.05). The COCs matured with 10-7 or 10-8 M melatonin had greater mitochondrial activity (P < 0.05), while those matured with 10-6 or 10-8 M of melatonin had greater levels of TZPs. Ultrastructure of oocyte and cumulus cells after IVM with melatonin was relatively well preserved. COCs matured with 10-8 M melatonin increased mRNA expression for superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (P < 0.05), when compared to non-cultured and pre-matured COCs, respectively. In conclusion, bovine COC pre-maturation with C-type natriuretic peptide and forskolin, followed by IVM with 10-8 M melatonin improves meiotic resumption rates, TZPs, mitochondrial distribution and mRNA expression for SOD and CAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca R Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Physiology of Reproduction (LABIREP), Federal University of Ceara, Av. Maurocélio Rocha Ponte 100, Sobral 62041-040, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Laryssa G Barrozo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Physiology of Reproduction (LABIREP), Federal University of Ceara, Av. Maurocélio Rocha Ponte 100, Sobral 62041-040, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Danisvânia R Nascimento
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Physiology of Reproduction (LABIREP), Federal University of Ceara, Av. Maurocélio Rocha Ponte 100, Sobral 62041-040, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Francisco C Costa
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Physiology of Reproduction (LABIREP), Federal University of Ceara, Av. Maurocélio Rocha Ponte 100, Sobral 62041-040, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Venância A N Azevedo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Physiology of Reproduction (LABIREP), Federal University of Ceara, Av. Maurocélio Rocha Ponte 100, Sobral 62041-040, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Laís R F M Paulino
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Physiology of Reproduction (LABIREP), Federal University of Ceara, Av. Maurocélio Rocha Ponte 100, Sobral 62041-040, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Everton P F Lopes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ana L P S Batista
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Physiology of Reproduction (LABIREP), Federal University of Ceara, Av. Maurocélio Rocha Ponte 100, Sobral 62041-040, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Francisco L N Aguiar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sousa Campus, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Paraíba, Sousa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Christina A Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, CPqAM/FIOCRUZ, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mariana A M Donato
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, CPqAM/FIOCRUZ, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana P R Rodrigues
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles (LAMOFOPA), State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José R V Silva
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Physiology of Reproduction (LABIREP), Federal University of Ceara, Av. Maurocélio Rocha Ponte 100, Sobral 62041-040, Ceará, Brazil.
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The Simulated Physiological Oocyte Maturation (SPOM) system in domestic animals: A systematic review. Theriogenology 2022; 188:90-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Strączyńska P, Papis K, Morawiec E, Czerwiński M, Gajewski Z, Olejek A, Bednarska-Czerwińska A. Signaling mechanisms and their regulation during in vivo or in vitro maturation of mammalian oocytes. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:37. [PMID: 35209923 PMCID: PMC8867761 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is currently one of the most effective methods of infertility treatment. An alternative to commonly used ovarian hyperstimulation can become extracorporeal maturation of oocytes (in vitro maturation; IVM). Fertilization and normal development of the embryo depends on the cytoplasmic, nuclear and genomic maturity of the oocyte. The microenvironment of the ovarian follicle and maternal signals, which mediate bidirectional communication between granulosa, cumulus and oocyte cells, influence the growth, maturation and acquisition of oocyte development capability. During oogenesis in mammals, the meiosis is inhibited in the oocyte at the prophase I of the meiotic division due to the high cAMP level. This level is maintained by the activity of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP, NPPC) produced by granulosa cells. The CNP binds to the NPR2 receptor in cumulus cells and is responsible for the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The cGMP penetrating into the oocyte through gap junctions inhibits phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A), preventing cAMP hydrolysis responsible for low MPF activity. The LH surge during the reproductive cycle reduces the activity of the CNP/NPR2 complex, which results in a decrease in cGMP levels in cumulus cells and consequently in the oocyte. Reduced cGMP concentration unblocks the hydrolytic activity of PDE3A, which decreases cAMP level inside the oocyte. This leads to the activation of MPF and resumption of meiosis. The latest IVM methods called SPOM, NFSOM or CAPA IVM consist of two steps: prematuration and maturation itself. Taking into account the role of cAMP in inhibiting and then unblocking the maturation of oocytes, they have led to a significant progress in terms of the percentage of mature oocytes in vitro and the proportion of properly developed embryos in both animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Strączyńska
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Oncological Gynecology in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Gyncentrum Fertility Clinic, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Papis
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
- nOvum Fertility Clinic, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Emilia Morawiec
- Gyncentrum Fertility Clinic, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Zdzisław Gajewski
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anita Olejek
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Oncological Gynecology in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Richani D, Gilchrist RB. Approaches to oocyte meiotic arrest in vitro and impact on oocyte developmental competence. Biol Reprod 2021; 106:243-252. [PMID: 34534265 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oocytes are maintained in a state of meiotic arrest following the first meiotic division until ovulation is triggered. Within the antral follicle, meiotic arrest is actively suppressed in a process facilitated by the cyclic nucleotides cGMP and cAMP. If removed from this inhibitory follicular environment and cultured in vitro, mammalian oocytes undergo spontaneous meiotic resumption in the absence of the usual stimulatory follicular stimuli, leading to asynchronicity with oocyte cytoplasmic maturation and lower developmental competence. For more than 50 years, pharmacological agents have been used to attenuate oocyte germinal vesicle (GV) breakdown in vitro. Agents which increase intra-oocyte cAMP or prevent its degradation have been predominantly used, however agents such as kinase and protein synthesis inhibitors have also been trialled. Twenty years of research demonstrates that maintaining GV arrest for a period before in vitro maturation (IVM) improves oocyte developmental competence, and is likely attributed to maintenance of bidirectional communication with cumulus cells leading to improved oocyte metabolic function. However, outcomes are influenced by various factors including the mode of action of the modulators, dose, treatment duration, species, and the degree of hormonal priming of the oocyte donor. Cyclic GMP and/or cAMP modulation in a prematuration step (called pre-IVM) prior to IVM has shown the greatest consistency in improving oocyte developmental competence, whereas kinase and protein synthesis inhibitors have proven less effective at improving IVM outcomes. Such pre-IVM approaches have shown potential to alter current use of artificial reproductive technologies in medical and veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulama Richani
- Fertility & Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert B Gilchrist
- Fertility & Research Centre, School of Women's & Children's Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Suresh A, Shukla MK, Kumar D, Shrivastava OP, Verma N. Simulated physiological oocyte maturation (SPOM) improves developmental competence of in vitro produced goat embryos. Theriogenology 2021; 172:193-199. [PMID: 34246165 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of simulated physiological oocyte maturation on the developmental competence, reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis rate of in vitro produced goat embryos were studied in the present experiment. Oocytes and spermatozoa were recovered from ovaries and epididymis, respectively, procured from a local small animal abattoir. The oocytes aspirated from the ovaries were allocated into two groups, control (subjected to routine in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture) and simulated physiological oocyte maturation (SPOM) group (subjected to prematuration, followed by routine in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture). The SPOM group showed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher maturation and blastocyst rates (90.60 ± 0.46% and 29.09 ± 2.59%, respectively) as compared to the control group (85.29 ± 0.98% and 24.09 ± 1.08%). The intensity of reactive oxygen species of the embryos in the control group (14.98 ± 0.83 pixels/embryo) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the SPOM group (9.60 ± 0.76 pixels/embryo). The apoptosis rate was also significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the embryos of the control group (9.18 ± 1.07%) as compared to the SPOM group (5.71 ± 0.90%). In conclusion, the simulated physiological oocyte maturation system significantly increases the developmental competence of the oocytes and decreases the intensity of reactive oxygen species and embryonic apoptosis in abattoir derived goat embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashitha Suresh
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India; Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M K Shukla
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India; Department of Veterinary Gynaecology & Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, 250110, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Adhartaal, Jabalpur, 482004, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - O P Shrivastava
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Neeraj Verma
- Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Metcalf ES, Masterson KR, Battaglia D, Thompson JG, Foss R, Beck R, Cook NL, O Leary T. Conditions to optimise the developmental competence of immature equine oocytes. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:1012-1021. [PMID: 32693913 DOI: 10.1071/rd19249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimising the developmental potential of immature equine oocytes and invitro-produced (IVP) embryos was explored through modifications of established media and holding temperature. In Experiment 1, delaying spontaneous resumption of meiosis through the process of simulated physiological oocyte maturation with the addition of the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin (50µM) and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (100µM) to overnight holding medium before maturation improved blastocyst production (P<0.05). In Experiment 2, the blastocyst production rate was increased significantly when cumulin (100ng mL-1) was added to the overnight holding or culture media (P<0.05). In Experiment 3, immature oocytes held overnight at 16°C before maturation had improved developmental competence than those held at 20°C and 5°C (P<0.05). There was no difference between maturation rates, but blastocyst formation per cleaved oocyte was significantly greater in oocytes held overnight at 16°C than at 20°C or 5°C. Furthermore, blastocyst formation per recovered oocyte and per fertilised oocyte was greater when oocytes were held before maturation at 16°C than at 5°C (P<0.05). In Experiment 4, the addition of sodium ascorbate (AC; 50µg mL-1) to the maturation and/or culture media of oocytes and IVP embryos did not improve blastocyst production, but did appear to lower cleavage rates compared with oocytes and embryos cultured without AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Metcalf
- Honahlee PC, 14005 SW Tooze Road, Sherwood, OR 97140, USA; and Andrology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, 3303S. Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA; and Corresponding author.
| | - Keith R Masterson
- Andrology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, 3303S. Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David Battaglia
- Andrology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, 3303S. Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jeremy G Thompson
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Medical School, South Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Robert Foss
- Equine Medical Services, 5851E Deer Park Road, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Richard Beck
- In Foal, Inc., 39185 Diamond Valley Road, Hemet, CA 92543, USA
| | - Nancy L Cook
- Advanced Equine Reproduction, 1145 Arroyo Mesa, Solvang, CA 93463, USA
| | - Thomas O Leary
- Andrology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, 3303S. Bond Avenue, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Albertini DF. Prospects for new oocyte-based assisted reproduction in animals and humans. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 32:7-10. [DOI: 10.1071/rd19271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Procuring high-quality oocytes is the rate-limiting step for assisted reproduction technologies intended for embryo production. Although much is known about the intraovarian processes that dictate oocyte growth and maturation, subtleties in the process of oogenesis have yet to be replicated in invitro systems. In contrast with the mouse, in which functional oocytes have been derived from stem cells under ex vivo conditions, the generation of developmentally competent oocytes in other species has yet to be achieved. This paper reviews the principles and practices based on stem cell and organ culture strategies that hold promise for developing a technological base upon which future efforts to recapitulate or augment oogenesis in mammals could be realised.
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Zhenwei J, Xianhua Z. Pre-IVM treatment with C-type natriuretic peptide in the presence of cysteamine enhances bovine oocytes antioxidant defense ability and developmental competence in vitro. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2019; 20:173-179. [PMID: 31656521 PMCID: PMC6811709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) combined with cysteamine during pre-in vitro maturation (IVM) can help establish an effective pre-IVM system. AIMS This study was designed to investigate the effects of CNP combined with cysteamine on meiotic maturation and developmental competence of bovine oocytes in vitro. METHODS Oocytes were cultured in pre-IVM medium supplemented with 100 nM CNP for 6 h in the absence or presence of 100 μM cysteamine, followed by standard IVM for 24 h. Oocytes matured by standard IVM for 24 h (no pre-IVM) were used as the control. The percentage of oocytes arrested at germinal vesicle (GV) stage in each treatment group was examined at 0 h of IVM, and the nuclear maturation rate was assessed by evaluating the percentages of oocytes that reached metaphase II (M II) stage at 24 h of IVM. After 24 h of IVM, oocytes were subjected to in vitro fertilization (IVF) and i n vitro embryo culture (IVC). Cleavage rates were assessed 48 h post-insemination. Blastocyst production rates were recorded on day 8 after IVF. In addition, intra-oocyte glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content for each treatment were tested at 0 h and 24 h of IVM. RESULTS No differences were observed between the CNP pre-IVM treatment and control groups in the rate of bovine oocytes maturing to the M II stage, cleavage and blastocysts production rates after IVF, and intra-oocyte GSH levels. Notably, the presence of cysteamine during pre-IVM culture with CNP significantly improved the rate of embryos developed to the blastocyst stage after in vitro maturation and fertilization, moreover, it increased the levels of GSH and reduced the levels of ROS in bovine oocytes. CONCLUSION The improvement to IVM bovine oocyte developmental competence through pre-IVM with CNP combined with cysteamine may be associated with an increased antioxidant defense. Therefore, such an approach may be a good option for establishing a pre-IVM system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Zhenwei
- Correspondence: J. Zhenwei, Department of Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028043, China. E-mail:
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