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Wang L, Li A. Ammonia monooxygenase-mediated transformation of 17α-ethinylestradiol: Underlying molecular mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116930. [PMID: 37604224 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) has received increasing attention as an emerging and difficult-to-remove emerging contaminant in recent years. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) have been reported to be effective in EE2 removal, and ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) is considered as the primary enzyme for EE2 removal. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the transformation of EE2 by AOB and AMO is still unclear. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of EE2 degradation using a combination of experimental and computational simulation methods. The results revealed that ammonia nitrogen was essential for the co-metabolism of EE2 by AOB, and that NH3 bound with CuC (one active site of AMO) to induce a conformational change in AMO, allowing EE2 to bind with the other active site (CuB), and then EE2 underwent biological transformation. These results provide a theoretical basis and a novel research perspective on the removal of ammonia nitrogen and emerging contaminants (e.g., EE2) in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Laboratory of Environmental Protection in Water Transport Engineering, Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering, Tanggu, Tianjin, 300456, China
| | - Anjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Nascimento IJDS, Cavalcanti MDAT, de Moura RO. Exploring N-myristoyltransferase as a promising drug target against parasitic neglected tropical diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115550. [PMID: 37336067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) constitute a group of approximately 20 infectious diseases that mainly affect the impoverished population without basic sanitation in tropical countries. These diseases are responsible for many deaths worldwide, costing billions of dollars in public health investment to treat and control these infections. Among them are the diseases caused by protozoa of the Trypanosomatid family, which constitute Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease), Trypanosoma brucei (sleeping sickness), and Leishmaniasis. In addition, there is a classification of other diseases, called the big three, AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, which are endemic in countries with tropical conditions. Despite the high mortality rates, there is still a gap in the treatment. The drugs have a high incidence of side effects and protozoan resistance, justifying the investment in developing new alternatives. In fact, the Target-Based Drug Design (TBDD) approach is responsible for identifying several promising compounds, and among the targets explored through this approach, N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) stands out. It is an enzyme related to the co-translational myristoylation of N-terminal glycine in various peptides. The myristoylation process is a co-translation that occurs after removing the initiator methionine. This process regulates the assembly of protein complexes and stability, which justifies its potential as a drug target. In order to propose NMT as a potential target for parasitic diseases, this review will address the entire structure and function of this enzyme and the primary studies demonstrating its promising potential against Leishmaniasis, T. cruzi, T. brucei, and malaria. We hope our information can help researchers worldwide search for potential drugs against these diseases that have been threatening the health of the world's population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor José Dos Santos Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil; Cesmac University Center, Pharmacy Departament, Maceió, Brazil; Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil.
| | - Misael de Azevedo Teotônio Cavalcanti
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil; Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Olimpio de Moura
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil; Drug Development and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande, 58429-500, Brazil
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3
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Identification of dual inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 1B/10A using structure-based drug design approach. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Junqueira LO, Costa MOLD, Rando DGG. N-Myristoyltransferases as antileishmanial targets: a piggyback approach with benzoheterocyclic analogues. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000218087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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de Carvalho Gallo JC, de Mattos Oliveira L, Araújo JSC, Santana IB, Dos Santos Junior MC. Virtual screening to identify Leishmania braziliensis N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors: pharmacophore models, docking, and molecular dynamics. J Mol Model 2018; 24:260. [PMID: 30159742 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is caused by several protozoa species belonging to genus Leishmania that are hosted by humans and other mammals. Millions of new cases are recorded every year and the drugs available on the market do not show satisfactory efficacy and safety. A hierarchical virtual screening approach based on the pharmacophore model, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics was conducted to identify possible Leishmania braziliensis N-misristoyltransferase (LbNMT) inhibitors. The adopted pharmacophore model had three main features: four hydrophobic centers, four hydrogen-bond acceptor atoms, and one positive nitrogen center. The molecules (n=15,000) were submitted to alignment with the pharmacophore model and only 27 molecules aligned to model. Six molecules were submitted to molecular docking, using receptor PDB ID 5A27. After docking, the ZINC35426134 was a top-ranked molecule (- 64.61 kcal/mol). The molecule ZINC35426134 shows hydrophobic interactions with Phe82, Tyr209, Val370, and Leu391 and hydrogen bonds with Asn159, Tyr318, and Val370. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed with the protein in its APO and HOLO forms for 37 ns in order to assess the stability of the protein-ligand complex. Results showed that the HOLO form was more stable than the APO one, and it suggests that the ZINC35426134 binding stabilizes the enzyme. Therefore, the selected molecule has the potential to meet the herein proposed target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cecília de Carvalho Gallo
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil.
| | - Larissa de Mattos Oliveira
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Janay Stefany Carneiro Araújo
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Isis Bugia Santana
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Manoelito Coelho Dos Santos Junior
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
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Dayer MR. Comparison of Newly Assembled Full Length HIV-1 Integrase With Prototype Foamy Virus Integrase: Structure-Function Prospective. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e29773. [PMID: 27540450 PMCID: PMC4976072 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.29773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Drug design against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase through its mechanistic study is of great interest in the area in biological research. The main obstacle in this area is the absence of the full-length crystal structure for HIV-1 integrase to be used as a model. A complete structure, similar to HIV-1 of a prototype foamy virus integrase in complex with DNA, including all conservative residues, is available and has been extensively used in recent investigations. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether the above model is precisely representative of HIV-1 integrase. This would critically determine the success of any designed drug using the model in deactivation of integrase and AIDS treatment. Materials and Methods Primarily, a new structure for HIV-1 was constructed, using a crystal structure of prototype foamy virus as the starting structure. The constructed structure of HIV-1 integrase was simultaneously simulated with a prototype foamy virus integrase on a separate occasion. Results Our results indicate that the HIV-1 system behaves differently from the prototype foamy virus in terms of folding, hydration, hydrophobicity of binding site and stability. Conclusions Based on our findings, we can conclude that HIV-1 integrase is vastly different from the prototype foamy virus integrase and does not resemble it, and the modeling output of the prototype foamy virus simulations could not be simply generalized to HIV-1 integrase. Therefore, our HIV-1 model seems to be more representative and more useful for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Dayer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mohammad Reza Dayer, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-6113331045, Fax: +98-6113331045, E-mail:
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Paul P, Chowdhury A, Talukdar AD, Choudhury MD. Homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation of N-myristoyltransferase from Plasmodium falciparum: an insight into novel antimalarial drug design. J Mol Model 2015; 21:37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Recent Advances in The Discovery ofN-Myristoyltransferase Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:2425-37. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Goldston AM, Sharma AI, Paul KS, Engman DM. Acylation in trypanosomatids: an essential process and potential drug target. Trends Parasitol 2014; 30:350-60. [PMID: 24954795 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acylation--the addition of fatty acid moieties such as myristate and palmitate to proteins--is essential for the survival, growth, and infectivity of the trypanosomatids: Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania. Myristoylation and palmitoylation are critical for parasite growth, targeting and localization, and the intrinsic function of some proteins. The trypanosomatids possess a single N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) and multiple palmitoyl acyltransferases, and these enzymes and their protein targets are only now being characterized. Global inhibition of either process leads to cell death in trypanosomatids, and genetic ablation of NMT compromises virulence. Moreover, NMT inhibitors effectively cure T. brucei infection in rodents. Thus, protein acylation represents an attractive target for the development of new trypanocidal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Goldston
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aabha I Sharma
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kimberly S Paul
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - David M Engman
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Xiang MJ, Liu JY, Ni PH, Wang S, Shi C, Wei B, Ni YX, Ge HL. Erg11mutations associated with azole resistance in clinical isolates ofCandida albicans. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 13:386-93. [PMID: 23480635 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin-Yan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai; China
| | - Pei-Hua Ni
- Faculty of Clinical Laboratory; Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai; China
| | - Shengzheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai; China
| | - Ce Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai; China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai; China
| | - Yu-Xing Ni
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory; Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai; China
| | - Hai-Liang Ge
- Department of Immunology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai; China
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Dong G, Zhang Y, Wu S, Miao Z, Yao J, Zhang W, Sheng C. Novel benzothiazole derivatives with a broad antifungal spectrum: design, synthesis and structure–activity relationships. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00215b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Wang W, Dong G, Gu J, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhu S, Liu Y, Miao Z, Yao J, Zhang W, Sheng C. Structure–activity relationships of tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives as antifungal lead compounds. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20211e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jacobs RT, Nare B, Phillips MA. State of the art in African trypanosome drug discovery. Curr Top Med Chem 2011; 11:1255-74. [PMID: 21401507 PMCID: PMC3101707 DOI: 10.2174/156802611795429167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
African sleeping sickness is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa where the WHO estimates that 60 million people are at risk for the disease. Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is 100% fatal if untreated and the current drug therapies have significant limitations due to toxicity and difficult treatment regimes. No new chemical agents have been approved since eflornithine in 1990. The pentamidine analog DB289, which was in late stage clinical trials for the treatment of early stage HAT recently failed due to toxicity issues. A new protocol for the treatment of late-stage T. brucei gambiense that uses combination nifurtomox/eflornithine (NECT) was recently shown to have better safety and efficacy than eflornithine alone, while being easier to administer. This breakthrough represents the only new therapy for HAT since the approval of eflornithine. A number of research programs are on going to exploit the unusual biochemical pathways in the parasite to identify new targets for target based drug discovery programs. HTS efforts are also underway to discover new chemical entities through whole organism screening approaches. A number of inhibitors with anti-trypanosomal activity have been identified by both approaches, but none of the programs are yet at the stage of identifying a preclinical candidate. This dire situation underscores the need for continued effort to identify new chemical agents for the treatment of HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T. Jacobs
- SCYNEXIS, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2878
| | - Bakela Nare
- SCYNEXIS, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2878
| | - Margaret A. Phillips
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6001 Forest Park Rd, Dallas, Texas 75390-9041
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Frearson JA, Brand S, McElroy SP, Cleghorn LAT, Smid O, Stojanovski L, Price HP, Guther MLS, Torrie LS, Robinson DA, Hallyburton I, Mpamhanga CP, Brannigan JA, Wilkinson AJ, Hodgkinson M, Hui R, Qiu W, Raimi OG, van Aalten DMF, Brenk R, Gilbert IH, Read KD, Fairlamb AH, Ferguson MAJ, Smith DF, Wyatt PG. N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors as new leads to treat sleeping sickness. Nature 2010; 464:728-32. [PMID: 20360736 PMCID: PMC2917743 DOI: 10.1038/nature08893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
African sleeping sickness or human African trypanosomiasis, caused by Trypanosoma brucei spp., is responsible for approximately 30,000 deaths each year. Available treatments for this disease are poor, with unacceptable efficacy and safety profiles, particularly in the late stage of the disease when the parasite has infected the central nervous system. Here we report the validation of a molecular target and the discovery of associated lead compounds with the potential to address this lack of suitable treatments. Inhibition of this target-T. brucei N-myristoyltransferase-leads to rapid killing of trypanosomes both in vitro and in vivo and cures trypanosomiasis in mice. These high-affinity inhibitors bind into the peptide substrate pocket of the enzyme and inhibit protein N-myristoylation in trypanosomes. The compounds identified have promising pharmaceutical properties and represent an opportunity to develop oral drugs to treat this devastating disease. Our studies validate T. brucei N-myristoyltransferase as a promising therapeutic target for human African trypanosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Frearson
- Drug Discovery Unit, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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