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Wang LL, Huang SJ, Zhao JT, Liu JY, Xiang MJ. Regulatory role of Mss11 in Candida glabrata virulence: adhesion and biofilm formation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1321094. [PMID: 38239503 PMCID: PMC10794409 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1321094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Candida glabrata has emerged as a fungal pathogen with high infection and mortality rates, and its primary virulence factors are related to adhesion and biofilm formation. These virulence factors in C.glabrata are primarily mediated by epithelial adhesins (Epas), most of which are encoded in subtelomeric regions and regulated by subtelomeric silencing mechanisms. The transcription factor Mss11, known for its regulatory role in adhesion, biofilm formation, and filamentous growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans, has also been implicated in the expression of EPA6, suggesting its potential influence on C.glabrata virulence. The present study aims to determine the regulatory role of Mss11 in the virulence of C. glabrata. Methods In this work, a Δmss11 null mutant and its complemented strain were constructed from a C.glabrata standard strain. The impact of the transcription factor Mss11 on the virulence of C.glabrata was investigated through a series of phenotypic experiments, including the microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons (MATH) test, adherence assay, biofilm assay, scanning electron microscopy and Galleria mellonella virulence assay. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) were employed to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the regulation of Mss11. Results In C.glabrata, the loss of MSS11 led to a significant reduction in several virulence factors including cell surface hydrophobicity, epithelial cell adhesion, and biofilm formation. These observations were consistent with the decreased virulence of the Δmss11 mutant observed in the Galleria mellonella infection model. Further exploration demonstrated that Mss11 modulates C. glabrata virulence by regulating EPA1 and EPA6 expression. It binds to the upstream regions of EPA1 and EPA6, as well as the promoter regions of the subtelomeric silencing-related genes SIR4, RIF1, and RAP1, indicating the dual regulatory role of Mss11. Conclusion Mss11 plays a crucial role in C. glabrata adhesion and biofilm formation, and thus has a broad influence on virulence. This regulation is achieved by regulating the expression of EPA1 and EPA6 through both promoter-specific regulation and subtelomeric silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ling Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Jia Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Tao Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Yan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Jie Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chen KZ, Wang LL, Liu JY, Zhao JT, Huang SJ, Xiang MJ. P4-ATPase subunit Cdc50 plays a role in yeast budding and cell wall integrity in Candida glabrata. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:99. [PMID: 37046215 PMCID: PMC10100066 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02810-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As highly-conserved types of lipid flippases among fungi, P4-ATPases play a significant role in various cellular processes. Cdc50 acts as the regulatory subunit of flippases, forming heterodimers with Drs2 to translocate aminophospholipids. Cdc50 homologs have been reported to be implicated in protein trafficking, drug susceptibility, and virulence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. It is likely that Cdc50 has an extensive influence on fungal cellular processes. The present study aimed to determine the function of Cdc50 in Candida glabrata by constructing a Δcdc50 null mutant and its complemented strain. RESULTS In Candida glabrata, the loss of Cdc50 led to difficulty in yeast budding, probably caused by actin depolarization. The Δcdc50 mutant also showed hypersensitivity to azoles, caspofungin, and cell wall stressors. Further experiments indicated hyperactivation of the cell wall integrity pathway in the Δcdc50 mutant, which elevated the major cell wall contents. An increase in exposure of β-(1,3)-glucan and chitin on the cell surface was also observed through flow cytometry. Interestingly, we observed a decrease in the phagocytosis rate when the Δcdc50 mutant was co-incubated with THP-1 macrophages. The Δcdc50 mutant also exhibited weakened virulence in nematode survival tests. CONCLUSION The results suggested that the lipid flippase subunit Cdc50 is implicated in yeast budding and cell wall integrity in C. glabrata, and thus have a broad influence on drug susceptibility and virulence. This work highlights the importance of lipid flippase, and offers potential targets for new drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Zhi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Ling Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Yan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Tao Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Jia Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Jie Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Liu JY, Wei B, Wang Y, Shi C, Li WJ, Zhao Y, Meng LN, Xiang MJ. Correction to: The H741D mutation in Tac1p contributes to the upregulation of CDR1 and CDR2 expression in Candida albicans. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:2183. [DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Meng LN, Liu JY, Wang YT, Ni SS, Xiang MJ. The discovery of potential phosphopantetheinyl transferase Ppt2 inhibitors against drug-resistant Candida albicans. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1665-1672. [PMID: 32557281 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00318-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the high-frequency use or abuse of antifungal drugs, the crisis of drug-resistant fungi continues to increase worldwide; in particular, the infection of drug-resistant Candida albicans brings the great challenge to the clinical treatment. Therefore, to decelerate the spread of this resistance, it is extremely urgent to facilitate the new antifungal targets with novel drugs. Phosphopantetheinyl transferases PPTases (Ppt2 in Candida albicans) had been identified in bacterium and fungi and mammals, effects as a vital enzyme in the metabolism of organisms in C. albicans. Ppt2 transfers the phosphopantetheinyl group of coenzyme A to the acyl carrier protein Acp1 in mitochondria for the synthesis of lipoic acid that is essential for fungal respiration, so making Ppt2 an ideal target for antifungal drugs. In this study, 110 FDA-approved drugs were utilized to investigate the Ppt2 inhibition against drug-resistant Candida albicans by the improved fluorescence polarization experiments, which have enough druggability and structural variety under the novel strategy of drug repurposing. Thereinto, eight agents revealed the favourable Ppt2 inhibitory activities. Further, broth microdilution assay of incubating C. albicans with these eight drugs showed that pterostilbene, procyanidine, dichlorophen and tea polyphenol had the superior MIC values. In summary, these findings provide more valuable insight into the treatment of drug-resistant C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ning Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jin-Yan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yu-Ting Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Ni
- Cancer Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725 South Wanping Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ming-Jie Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Li WJ, Liu JY, Shi C, Zhao Y, Meng LN, Wu F, Xiang MJ. FLO8 deletion leads to azole resistance by upregulating CDR1 and CDR2 in Candida albicans. Res Microbiol 2019; 170:272-279. [PMID: 31449848 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans has the ability to switch reversibly between budding yeast, filamentous, pseudohypha, and hyphal forms, a process in which the transcription factor Flo8 plays an important role. This ability is important for the virulence and pathogenicity of C. albicans. To determine whether Flo8 plays a role in the regulation of drug sensitivity, we constructed a FLO8 null mutant flo8/flo8 from the parental strain SN152 and a Flo8-overexpressing strain, flo8/flo8::FLO8. The susceptibility of the isolates to antifungal agents was then evaluated using the agar dilution and broth microdilution methods. Expression of drug resistance-related genes by the isolates was investigated by real-time PCR. The flo8/flo8 mutation isolates exhibited increased resistance to fluconazole, voriconazole, and itraconazole compared with the wild-type and drug sensitivity was restored by FLO8 overexpression (flo8/flo8∷FLO8). Of seven drug resistance-related genes, the FLO8 null mutation resulted in increased CDR1 and CDR2 expression (1.60-fold and 5.27-fold, respectively) compared with SN152, while FLO8 overexpression resulted in decreased CDR1 expression (0.63-fold). These results suggest that Flo8 is involved in the susceptibility of C. albicans to antifungal azoles, with FLO8 deletion leading to constitutive overexpression of CDR1 and CDR2 and resistance to antifungal azoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 149 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Jin-Yan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 149 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Ce Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 149 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Ling-Ning Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 149 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai 200020, China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Geriatric, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Jie Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 149 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai 200020, China.
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Wang Y, Shi C, Liu JY, Li WJ, Zhao Y, Xiang MJ. Multilocus sequence typing of Candida tropicalis shows clonal cluster enrichment in azole-resistant isolates from patients in Shanghai, China. Infect Genet Evol 2016; 44:418-424. [PMID: 27456280 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To explore the putative correlation between the multilocus sequence types (MLST) and antifungal susceptibility of clinical Candida tropicalis isolates in Mainland China. Eighty-two clinical C. tropicalis isolates were collected from sixty-nine patients at Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, from July 2012 to February 2015, and antifungal susceptibility tests were performed. Genetic profiles of those 82 isolates (30 azole-resistant and 52 azole-susceptible) were characterised by multilocus sequence typing. Phylogenetic analysis of the data was conducted with the clustering method, using UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages) and the minimal spanning tree algorithm. MLST clonal clusters were analysed using the eBURST V3 package. Of the six gene fragments identified in multilocus sequence typing, SAPT4 presented the highest typing efficiency, whereas SAPT2 was the least efficient. Of the 44 diploid sequence types (DSTs) differentiated, 32 DSTs and 12 genotypes were identified as new to the C. tropicalis DST database. Twenty (45.45%) of the 44 DSTs were assigned to seven major groups based on eBURST analysis. Of these, Group 6, which contained DST 376, DST 505, DST 506 and DST 507, accounted for 76.7% of the 30 azole-resistant isolates. However, the genetic relationships among the azole-susceptible isolates were relatively decentralised. This MLST analysis of the putative correlation between the MLST types and antifungal susceptibility of clinical C. tropicalis isolates in Mainland China shows that DSTs 376, 505, 506 and 507 are closely related azole-resistant C. tropicalis clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Southern District of Anhui Provincial hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Ce Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Yan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Jie Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Liu JY, Li WJ, Shi C, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Xiang MJ. Mutations in the Flo8 transcription factor contribute to virulence and phenotypic traits in Candida albicans strains. Microbiol Res 2015; 178:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Xiang MJ, Liu JY, Ni PH, Wang S, Shi C, Wei B, Ni YX, Ge HL. Erg11mutations associated with azole resistance in clinical isolates ofCandida albicans. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 13:386-93. [PMID: 23480635 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin-Yan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai; China
| | - Pei-Hua Ni
- Faculty of Clinical Laboratory; Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai; China
| | - Shengzheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai; China
| | - Ce Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai; China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai; China
| | - Yu-Xing Ni
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory; Ruijin Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai; China
| | - Hai-Liang Ge
- Department of Immunology; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai; China
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