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Identification of RdRp inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 through E-pharmacophore-based virtual screening, molecular docking and MD simulations approaches. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 237:124169. [PMID: 36990409 PMCID: PMC10043960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of novel Coronavirus, an enduring pandemic declared by WHO, has consequences to an alarming ongoing public health menace which has already claimed several million human lives. In addition to numerous vaccinations and medications for mild to moderate COVID-19 infection, lack of promising medication or therapeutic pharmaceuticals remains a serious concern to counter the ongoing coronavirus infections and to hinder its dreadful spread. Global health emergencies have called for urgency for potential drug discovery and time is the biggest constraint apart from the financial and human resources required for the high throughput drug screening. However, computational screening or in-silico approaches appeared to be an effective and faster approach to discover potential molecules without sacrificing the model animals. Accumulated shreds of evidence on computational studies against viral diseases have revealed significance of in-silico drug discovery approaches especially in the time of urgency. The central role of RdRp in SARS-CoV-2 replication makes it promising drug target to curtain on going infection and its spread. The present study aimed to employ E-pharmacophore-based virtual screening to reveal potent inhibitors of RdRp as potential leads to block the viral replication. An energy-optimised pharmacophore model was generated to screen the Enamine REAL DataBase (RDB). Then, ADME/T profiles were determined to validate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties of the hit compounds. Moreover, High Throughput Virtual Screening (HTVS) and molecular docking (SP & XP) were employed to screen the top hits from pharmacophore-based virtual screening and ADME/T screen. The binding free energies of the top hits were calculated by conducting MM-GBSA analysis followed by MD simulations to determine the stability of molecular interactions between top hits and RdRp protein. These virtual investigations revealed six compounds having binding free energies of −57.498, −45.776, −46.248, −35.67, −25.15 and −24.90 kcal/mol respectively as calculated by the MM-GBSA method. The MD simulation studies confirmed the stability of protein ligand complexes, hence, indicating as potent RdRp inhibitors and are promising candidate drugs to be further validated and translated into clinics in future.
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Rehman HM, Sajjad M, Ali MA, Gul R, Irfan M, Naveed M, Bhinder MA, Ghani MU, Hussain N, Said ASA, Al Haddad AHI, Saleem M. Identification of NS2B-NS3 Protease Inhibitors for Therapeutic Application in ZIKV Infection: A Pharmacophore-Based High-Throughput Virtual Screening and MD Simulations Approaches. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010131. [PMID: 36679976 PMCID: PMC9862652 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) pandemic and its implication in congenital malformations and severe neurological disorders had created serious threats to global health. ZIKV is a mosquito-borne flavivirus which spread rapidly and infect a large number of people in a shorter time-span. Due to the lack of effective therapeutics, this had become paramount urgency to discover effective drug molecules to encounter the viral infection. Various anti-ZIKV drug discovery efforts during the past several years had been unsuccessful to develop an effective cure. The NS2B-NS3 protein was reported as an attractive therapeutic target for inhibiting viral proliferation, due to its central role in viral replication and maturation of non-structural viral proteins. Therefore, the current in silico drug exploration aimed to identify the novel inhibitors of Zika NS2B-NS3 protease by implementing an e-pharmacophore-based high-throughput virtual screening. A 3D e-pharmacophore model was generated based on the five-featured (ADPRR) pharmacophore hypothesis. Subsequently, the predicted model is further subjected to the high-throughput virtual screening to reveal top hit molecules from the various small molecule databases. Initial hits were examined in terms of binding free energies and ADME properties to identify the candidate hit exhibiting a favourable pharmacokinetic profile. Eventually, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations studies were conducted to evaluate the binding stability of the hit molecule inside the receptor cavity. The findings of the in silico analysis manifested affirmative evidence for three hit molecules with -64.28, -55.15 and -50.16 kcal/mol binding free energies, as potent inhibitors of Zika NS2B-NS3 protease. Hence, these molecules holds the promising potential to serve as a prospective candidates to design effective drugs against ZIKV and related viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muzzammel Rehman
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54590, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid e Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akhtar Ali
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid e Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Roquyya Gul
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Gulab Devi Educational Complex, Lahore 54590, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore 54600, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab Lahore, Lahore 54590, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Munir Ahmad Bhinder
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54590, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Ghani
- Center for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amira S. A. Said
- AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi 112612, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Amal H. I. Al Haddad
- Chief Operations Office, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC) in Partnership with Mayo Clinic, Abu Dhabi 11001, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahjabeen Saleem
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Punjab, Pakistan
- School of Medical Lab Technology, Minhaj University Lahore, Lahore 54770, Punjab, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
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Asim A, Kiani YS, Saeed MT, Jabeen I. Decoding the Role of Epigenetics in Breast Cancer Using Formal Modeling and Machine-Learning Methods. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:882738. [PMID: 35898303 PMCID: PMC9309526 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.882738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast carcinogenesis is known to be instigated by genetic and epigenetic modifications impacting multiple cellular signaling cascades, thus making its prevention and treatments a challenging endeavor. However, epigenetic modification, particularly DNA methylation-mediated silencing of key TSGs, is a hallmark of cancer progression. One such tumor suppressor gene (TSG) RUNX3 (Runt-related transcription factor 3) has been a new insight in breast cancer known to be suppressed due to local promoter hypermethylation mediated by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). However, the precise mechanism of epigenetic-influenced silencing of the RUNX3 signaling resulting in cancer invasion and metastasis remains inadequately characterized. In this study, a biological regulatory network (BRN) has been designed to model the dynamics of the DNMT1–RUNX3 network augmented by other regulators such as p21, c-myc, and p53. For this purpose, the René Thomas qualitative modeling was applied to compute the unknown parameters and the subsequent trajectories signified important behaviors of the DNMT1–RUNX3 network (i.e., recovery cycle, homeostasis, and bifurcation state). As a result, the biological system was observed to invade cancer metastasis due to persistent activation of oncogene c-myc accompanied by consistent downregulation of TSG RUNX3. Conversely, homeostasis was achieved in the absence of c-myc and activated TSG RUNX3. Furthermore, DNMT1 was endorsed as a potential epigenetic drug target to be subjected to the implementation of machine-learning techniques for the classification of the active and inactive DNMT1 modulators. The best-performing ML model successfully classified the active and least-active DNMT1 inhibitors exhibiting 97% classification accuracy. Collectively, this study reveals the underlined epigenetic events responsible for RUNX3-implicated breast cancer metastasis along with the classification of DNMT1 modulators that can potentially drive the perception of epigenetic-based tumor therapy.
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Rodríguez-Mejía LC, Romero-Estudillo I, Rivillas-Acevedo LA, French-Pacheco L, Silva-Martínez GA, Alvarado-Caudillo Y, Colín-Castelán D, Rodríguez-Ríos D, Wrobel K, Wrobel K, Lund G, Zaina S. The DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor RG108 is Converted to Activator Following Conjugation with Short Peptides. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Alizadeh M, Nafari A, Safarzadeh A, Veiskarami S, Almasian M, Asghar Kiani A. The Impact of EGCG and RG108 on SOCS1 Promoter DNA Methylation and Expression in U937 Leukemia Cells. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 10:455-461. [PMID: 34981023 PMCID: PMC8718778 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.3.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The available evidence has increasingly demonstrated that a combination of genetic and epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation, could be considered as causing leukemia. Epigenetic changes and methylation of the suppressor of the cytokine signaling 1 promoter (SOCS1) CpG region silence SOCS1 expression in cancer. In the current study, we evaluated the impact of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and RG108 on SOCS1 promoter methylation and expression in U937 cells. METHODS In the current study, U937 leukemic cells were treated with EGCG and RG108 for 12, 24, 48, and 72 h and SOCS1 promoter methylation and its expression were measured by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS The outcomes indicated that the SOCS1 promoter is methylated in U937 cells, and treatment of these cells with either EGCG or RG108 reduced its methylation. Moreover, we observed that SOCS1 expression was significantly upregulated in a time-dependent manner by both EGCG and RG108 in U937 cells compared with control cells. In the RG108-treated group at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, SOCS1 expression was upregulated by 1, 4.2, 16.6, and 32.6 -fold respectively, and in the EGCG-treated group, by 0.5, 3.2, 10.8, and 22.3 -fold, respectively. CONCLUSION Treatment with either EGCG or RG108 reduced SOCS1 promoter methylation and increased SOCS1 expression in U937 cells in a time-dependent manner, which may play a role in leukemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Alizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Nafari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Safarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Saeed Veiskarami
- Department of animal science, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Iran
| | - Mohammad Almasian
- School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Ali Asghar Kiani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
- Corresponding author: Ali Asghar Kiani; Tel: +98 9166638354; E-mail:
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Karam L, Abou Staiteieh S, Chaaban R, Hayar B, Ismail B, Neipel F, Darwiche N, Abou Merhi R. Anticancer activities of parthenolide in primary effusion lymphoma preclinical models. Mol Carcinog 2021; 60:567-581. [PMID: 34101920 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide is a major component of the feverfew medicinal plant, Tanacetum parthenium. Parthenolide has been extensively studied for its anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties in several tumor models. Parthenolide's antitumor activities depend on several mechanisms but it is mainly known as an inhibitor of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. This pathway is constitutively activated and induces cell survival in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), a rare aggressive AIDS-related lymphoproliferative disorder that is commonly caused by the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection. The aim of this study is to evaluate the targeted effect of Parthenolide both in vitro and in vivo. Herein, parthenolide significantly inhibited cell growth, induced G0 /G1 cell cycle arrest, and induced massive apoptosis in PEL cells and ascites. In addition, parthenolide inhibited the NF-ĸB pathway suppressing IĸB phosphorylation and p65 nuclear translocation. It also reduced the expression of the DNA methylase inhibitor (DNMT1). Parthenolide induced HHV-8 lytic gene expression without inhibiting latent viral gene expression. Importantly, DMAPT, the more soluble parthenolide prodrug, promoted delay in ascites development and prolonged the survival of PEL xenograft mice. This study supports the therapeutic use of parthenolide in PEL and encourages its further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louna Karam
- Faculty of Sciences, GSBT Laboratory, R. Hariri Campus, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.,Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Soumaiah Abou Staiteieh
- Faculty of Sciences, GSBT Laboratory, R. Hariri Campus, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Rady Chaaban
- Faculty of Sciences, GSBT Laboratory, R. Hariri Campus, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Berthe Hayar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Bassel Ismail
- Faculty of Sciences, GSBT Laboratory, R. Hariri Campus, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Frank Neipel
- Virologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nadine Darwiche
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Raghida Abou Merhi
- Faculty of Sciences, GSBT Laboratory, R. Hariri Campus, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
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7
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Sun L, Zhang H, Gao P. Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications on the path to cancer. Protein Cell 2021; 13:877-919. [PMID: 34050894 PMCID: PMC9243210 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-021-00846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rewiring and epigenetic remodeling, which are closely linked and reciprocally regulate each other, are among the well-known cancer hallmarks. Recent evidence suggests that many metabolites serve as substrates or cofactors of chromatin-modifying enzymes as a consequence of the translocation or spatial regionalization of enzymes or metabolites. Various metabolic alterations and epigenetic modifications also reportedly drive immune escape or impede immunosurveillance within certain contexts, playing important roles in tumor progression. In this review, we focus on how metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells and immune cells reshapes epigenetic alterations, in particular the acetylation and methylation of histone proteins and DNA. We also discuss other eminent metabolic modifications such as, succinylation, hydroxybutyrylation, and lactylation, and update the current advances in metabolism- and epigenetic modification-based therapeutic prospects in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchong Sun
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,CAS Centre for Excellence in Cell and Molecular Biology, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
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8
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Akone SH, Ntie-Kang F, Stuhldreier F, Ewonkem MB, Noah AM, Mouelle SEM, Müller R. Natural Products Impacting DNA Methyltransferases and Histone Deacetylases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:992. [PMID: 32903500 PMCID: PMC7438611 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in gene expression and chromatin structure without change in a DNA sequence. Several epigenetic modifications and respective regulators have been reported. These include DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone post-translational modifications, and non-coding RNAs. Emerging evidence has revealed that epigenetic dysregulations are involved in a wide range of diseases including cancers. Therefore, the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications concerning activation or inhibition of enzymes involved could be promising targets and useful tools for the elucidation of cellular and biological phenomena. In this review, emphasis is laid on natural products that inhibit DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) making them promising candidates for the development of lead structures for anticancer-drugs targeting epigenetic modifications. However, most of the natural products targeting HDAC and/or DNMT lack isoform selectivity, which is important for determining their potential use as therapeutic agents. Nevertheless, the structures presented in this review offer the well-founded basis that screening and chemical modifications of natural products will in future provide not only leads to the identification of more specific inhibitors with fewer side effects, but also important features for the elucidation of HDAC and DNMT function with respect to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Herve Akone
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Institute for Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Stuhldreier
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Alexandre Mboene Noah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | | | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Zeng J, Li Y, Ma Z, Hu M. Advances in Small Molecules in Cellular Reprogramming: Effects, Structures, and Mechanisms. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 16:115-132. [PMID: 32564763 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200621172042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The method of cellular reprogramming using small molecules involves the manipulation of somatic cells to generate desired cell types under chemically limited conditions, thus avoiding the ethical controversy of embryonic stem cells and the potential hazards of gene manipulation. The combinations of small molecules and their effects on mouse and human somatic cells are similar. Several small molecules, including CHIR99021, 616452, A83-01, SB431542, forskolin, tranylcypromine and valproic acid [VPA], have been frequently used in reprogramming of mouse and human somatic cells. This indicated that the reprogramming approaches related to these compounds were essential. These approaches were mainly divided into four classes: epigenetic modification, signal modulation, metabolic modulation and senescent suppression. The structures and functions of small molecules involved in these reprogramming approaches have been studied extensively. Molecular docking gave insights into the mechanisms and structural specificities of various small molecules in the epigenetic modification. The binding modes of RG108, Bix01294, tranylcypromine and VPA with their corresponding proteins clearly illustrated the interactions between these compounds and the active sites of the proteins. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β [CHIR99021], transforming growth factor β [616452, A83-01 and SB431542] and protein kinase A [forskolin] signaling pathway play important roles in signal modulation during reprogramming, however, the mechanisms and structural specificities of these inhibitors are still unknown. Further, the numbers of small molecules in the approaches of metabolic modulation and senescent suppression were too few to compare. This review aims to serve as a reference for reprogramming through small molecules in order to benefit future regenerative medicine and clinical drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zeng
- Yunnan Key laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases & Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Yanjiao Li
- Yunnan Key laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases & Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Zhaoxia Ma
- Yunnan Key laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases & Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Min Hu
- Yunnan Key laboratory for Basic Research on Bone and Joint Diseases & Yunnan Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
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Curcumin restores hepatic epigenetic changes in propylthiouracil(PTU) Induced hypothyroid male rats: A study on DNMTs, MBDs, GADD45a, C/EBP-β and PCNA. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 123:169-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Stoddard SV, Welsh CL, Palopoli MM, Stoddard SD, Aramandla MP, Patel RM, Ma H, Beck LH. Structure and function insights garnered from in silico modeling of the thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A antigen. Proteins 2018; 87:136-145. [PMID: 30520531 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The thrombospondin type-1 domain containing 7A (THSD7A) protein is known to be one of the antigens responsible for the autoimmune disorder idiopathic membranous nephropathy. The structure of this antigen is currently unsolved experimentally. Here we present a homology model of the extracellular portion of the THSD7A antigen. The structure was evaluated for folding patterns, epitope site prediction, and function was predicted. Results show that this protein contains 21 extracellular domains and with the exception of the first two domains, has a regular repeating pattern of TSP-1-like followed by F-spondin-like domains. Our results indicate the presence of a novel Trp-ladder sequence of WxxxxW in the TSP-1-like domains. Of the 21 domains, 18 were shown to have epitope binding sites as predicted by epitopia. Several of the F-spondin-like domains have insertions in the canonical TSP fold, most notably the coiled coil region in domain 4, which may be utilized in protein-protein binding interactions, suggesting that this protein functions as a heparan sulfate binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin L Welsh
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Serena D Stoddard
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Riya M Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laurence H Beck
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Section, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Lascano S, Lopez M, Arimondo PB. Natural Products and Chemical Biology Tools: Alternatives to Target Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cancers. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1854-1876. [PMID: 30537358 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone acetylation are widely studied epigenetic modifications. They are involved in numerous pathologies such as cancer, neurological disease, inflammation, obesity, etc. Since the discovery of the epigenome, numerous compounds have been developed to reverse DNA methylation and histone acetylation aberrant profile in diseases. Among them several were inspired by Nature and have a great interest as therapeutic molecules. In the quest of finding new ways to target epigenetic mechanisms, the use of chemical tools is a powerful strategy to better understand epigenetic mechanisms in biological systems. In this review we will present natural products reported as DNMT or HDAC inhibitors for anticancer treatments. We will then discuss the use of chemical tools that have been used in order to explore the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Lascano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier-ENSCM, 240 avenue du Prof. E. Jeanbrau, 34296, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Marie Lopez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier-ENSCM, 240 avenue du Prof. E. Jeanbrau, 34296, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Paola B Arimondo
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris cedex 15, France
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Saldívar-González FI, Gómez-García A, Chávez-Ponce de León DE, Sánchez-Cruz N, Ruiz-Rios J, Pilón-Jiménez BA, Medina-Franco JL. Inhibitors of DNA Methyltransferases From Natural Sources: A Computational Perspective. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1144. [PMID: 30364171 PMCID: PMC6191485 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring small molecules include a large variety of natural products from different sources that have confirmed activity against epigenetic targets. In this work we review chemoinformatic, molecular modeling, and other computational approaches that have been used to uncover natural products as inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases, a major family of epigenetic targets with therapeutic interest. Examples of computational approaches surveyed in this work are docking, similarity-based virtual screening, and pharmacophore modeling. It is also discussed the chemoinformatic-guided exploration of the chemical space of naturally occurring compounds as epigenetic modulators which may have significant implications in epigenetic drug discovery and nutriepigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Gómez-García
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Norberto Sánchez-Cruz
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Ruiz-Rios
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - B Angélica Pilón-Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José L Medina-Franco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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Rohini K, Agarwal P, Preethi B, Shanthi V, Ramanathan K. Exploring the Lead Compounds for Zika Virus NS2B-NS3 Protein: an e-Pharmacophore-Based Approach. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:194-210. [PMID: 29911269 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2814-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The rapid spread of the Zika virus and its association with the abnormal brain development constitute a global health emergency. With a continuing spread of the mosquito vector, the exposure is expected to accelerate in the coming years. Despite number of efforts, there is still no proper vaccine or medicine to combat this virus. Of note, the NS2B-NS3 protein is proven to be the potential target for the Zika virus therapeutics. Hence, e-pharmacophore-based drug design strategy was employed to identify potent inhibitors of NS2B-NS3 protein from ASINEX database consisting of 467,802 molecules. A 3D e-pharmacophore model was generated using PHASE module of Schrödinger Suite. The generated model consists of one hydrogen bond acceptor (A), two hydrogen bond donors (D), and two aromatic rings (R), ADDRR. The model was further evaluated for its ability to screen actives using enrichment analysis. Subsequently, high-throughput virtual screening protocol was employed, and the resultant hit molecules were also examined for its binding free energies and ADME properties using Prime MM-GBSA and Qikprop module of Schrodinger packages, respectively. Finally, the screened hit molecule was subjected to molecular dynamics simulation to examine its stability. Overall, the results from our analysis suggest that compound BAS 19192837 could be a potent inhibitor for the NS2B-NS3 protein of the Zika virus. It is also noteworthy to mention that our results are in good agreement with literature evidences. We hope that this result is of immense importance in designing potential drug molecules to combat the spread of Zika virus in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rohini
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India
| | - Pratika Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India
| | - B Preethi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India
| | - V Shanthi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India
| | - K Ramanathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, 632014, India.
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15
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Heller AA, Lockwood SY, Janes TM, Spence DM. Technologies for Measuring Pharmacokinetic Profiles. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2018; 11:79-100. [PMID: 29324183 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The creation of a pharmacokinetic (PK) curve, which follows the plasma concentration of an administered drug as a function of time, is a critical aspect of the drug development process and includes such information as the drug's bioavailability, clearance, and elimination half-life. Prior to a drug of interest gaining clearance for use in human clinical trials, research is performed during the preclinical stages to establish drug safety and dosing metrics from data obtained from the PK studies. Both in vivo animal models and in vitro platforms have limitations in predicting human reaction to a drug due to differences in species and associated simplifications, respectively. As a result, in silico experiments using computer simulation have been implemented to accurately predict PK parameters in human studies. This review assesses these three approaches (in vitro, in vivo, and in silico) when establishing PK parameters and evaluates the potential for in silico studies to be the future gold standard of PK preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Heller
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA;
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - S Y Lockwood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - T M Janes
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA;
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D M Spence
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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16
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S-adenosyl- l -methionine analogs as enhanced methyl donors: Towards novel epigenetic regulators. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Hassanzadeh M, Kasymov R, Mahernia S, Adib M, Emperle M, Dukatz M, Bashtrykov P, Jeltsch A, Amanlou M. Discovery of Novel and Selective DNA Methyltransferase 1 Inhibitors by Pharmacophore and Docking-Based Virtual Screening. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Hassanzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design and Development Research Center; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; 16 Azar Ave. Tehran Iran
| | - Rustem Kasymov
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry; University Stuttgart; Allmandring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Shabnam Mahernia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design and Development Research Center; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; 16 Azar Ave. Tehran Iran
| | - Mehdi Adib
- School of Chemistry; College of Science; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | - Max Emperle
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry; University Stuttgart; Allmandring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Michael Dukatz
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry; University Stuttgart; Allmandring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Pavel Bashtrykov
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry; University Stuttgart; Allmandring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Albert Jeltsch
- Department of Biochemistry; Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry; University Stuttgart; Allmandring 31 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design and Development Research Center; Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; 16 Azar Ave. Tehran Iran
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18
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Inhibition studies of DNA methyltransferases by maleimide derivatives of RG108 as non-nucleoside inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1465-1481. [PMID: 28795598 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are important drug targets for epigenetic therapy of cancer. Nowadays, non-nucleoside DNMT inhibitors are in development to address high toxicity of nucleoside analogs. However, these compounds still have low activity in cancer cells and mode of action of these compounds remains unclear. MATERIALS & METHODS In this work, we studied maleimide derivatives of RG108 by biochemical, structural and computational approaches to highlight their inhibition mechanism on DNMTs. RESULTS Findings demonstrated a correlation between cytotoxicity on mesothelioma cells of these compounds and their inhibitory potency against DNMTs. Noncovalent and covalent docking studies, supported by crystallographic (apo structure of M.HhaI) and differential scanning fluorimetry assays, provided detailed insights into their mode of action and revealed essential residues for the stabilization of such compounds inside DNMTs. [Formula: see text].
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Parashar G, Parashar NC, Capalash N. – (-) Menthol Induces Reversal of Promoter Hypermethylation and Associated Up-Regulation of the FANCF Gene in the SiHa Cell Line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1365-1370. [PMID: 28612587 PMCID: PMC5555548 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.5.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify natural bioactive molecules with potential to inhibit DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and cause reactivation of genes silenced due to promoter hypermethylation. Methods and Results: -(-) Menthol and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) (reference molecule) were investigated using an in vitro methylation assay, which indicated potential of -(-) menthol as an epigenetic modulator with the ability to directly inhibit M.SssI (an analogue of DNMT1) activity at 100µM. Methylation specific PCR and bisulphite sequencing revealed complete hypomethylation of 15 CpG sites in the Fanconi anemia, complementation group F (FANCF) gene between +280 and + 432 nucleotides relative to the transcription start site, which resulted in significant (P<0.001) up-regulation of FANCF gene expression by 2.1 and 2.5 fold respectively after treatment with menthol (80µM) and EGCG (80µM) for 4 days in the SiHa cell line as analyzed by qRT PCR. Conclusion: The present work highlighted the potential of -(-) menthol, a naturally occurring cyclic monoterpene, as an epigenetic modulator causing promoter hypomethylation induced reactivation of the FANCF gene mediated by possible inhibition of DNMT1 activity in the SiHa cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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20
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Hybrid Receptor-Bound/MM-GBSA-Per-residue Energy-Based Pharmacophore Modelling: Enhanced Approach for Identification of Selective LTA4H Inhibitors as Potential Anti-inflammatory Drugs. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 75:35-48. [PMID: 27914004 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene A4 hydrolase has been identified as an enzyme with dual anti- and pro-inflammatory role, thus, the conversion of leukotriene to leukotriene B4 in the initiation stage of inflammation and the removal of the chemotactic Pro-Gly-Pro tripeptide. These findings make leukotriene A4 hydrolase an attractive drug target: suggesting an innovative approach towards the identification and design of novel class of compounds that can selectively inhibit leukotriene B4 synthesis while sparing the aminopeptidase activity. Previous inhibitors block the dual activity of the enzyme. Recently, a small lead molecule inhibitor denoted as ARM1 has been identified to block the hydrolase activity of leukotriene A4 hydrolase whilst sparing the aminopeptidase activity. In this study, a hybrid receptor-bound/MM-GBSA-per-residue energy based pharmacophore modeling approach was implemented to identify potential selective hydrolase inhibitors of leukotriene A4 hydrolase. In this approach, active site residues that favorably contributed to the binding of the bound conformation of ARM1 were derived from MD ensembles and MM/GBSA thermodynamic calculations. These residues were then mapped to key pharmacophore features of ARM1. The generated pharmacophore model was used to search the ZINC database for 3D structures that match the pharmacophore. Five new compounds have been identified and proposed as potential epoxide hydrolase selective inhibitors of leukotriene A4 hydrolase. Molecular docking and MM/GBSA analyses revealed that, these top five lead-like compounds ZINC00142747, ZINC94260794, ZINC01382396, ZINC02508448, and ZINC53994447 showed better binding affinities to the hydrolase active site pocket compared to ARM1. Per-residue energy decomposition analysis revealed that amino acid residues Phe314, Tyr378, Pro382, Trp311, Val367, and Ala377 are key residues critical in the selective inhibition of these hits. Information highlighted in this study may guide the the design the next generation of novel and potent epoxide hydrolase selective inhibitors of leukotriene A4 hydrolase.
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21
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Mahran RI, Hagras MM, Sun D, Brenner DE. Bringing Curcumin to the Clinic in Cancer Prevention: a Review of Strategies to Enhance Bioavailability and Efficacy. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 19:54-81. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-0003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Navarro-Retamal C, Caballero J. Flavonoids as CDK1 Inhibitors: Insights in Their Binding Orientations and Structure-Activity Relationship. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161111. [PMID: 27517610 PMCID: PMC4982677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, the interactions of flavonoids with protein kinases (PKs) have been described by using crystallographic experiments. Interestingly, different orientations have been found for one flavonoid inside different PKs and different chemical substitutions lead to different orientations of the flavonoid scaffold inside one PK. Accordingly, orientation predictions of novel analogues could help to the design of flavonoids with high PK inhibitory activities. With this in mind, we studied the binding modes of 37 flavonoids (flavones and chalcones) inside the cyclin-dependent PK CDK1 using docking experiments. We found that the compounds under study adopted two different orientations into the active site of CDK1 (orientations I and II in the manuscript). In addition, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models using CoMFA and CoMSIA methodologies were constructed to explain the trend of the CDK1 inhibitory activities for the studied flavonoids. Template-based and docking-based alignments were used. Models developed starting from docking-based alignment were applied for describing the whole dataset and compounds with orientation I. Adequate R2 and Q2 values were obtained by each method; interestingly, only hydrophobic and hydrogen bond donor fields describe the differential potency of the flavonoids as CDK1 inhibitors for both defined alignments and subsets. Our current application of docking and QSAR together reveals important elements to be drawn for the design of novel flavonoids with increased PK inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Navarro-Retamal
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Julio Caballero
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
- * E-mail:
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23
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Molecular Modeling and Chemoinformatics to Advance the Development of Modulators of Epigenetic Targets: A Focus on DNA Methyltransferases. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 105:1-26. [PMID: 27567482 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In light of the emerging field of Epi-informatics, ie, computational methods applied to epigenetic research, molecular docking, and dynamics, pharmacophore and activity landscape modeling and QSAR play a key role in the development of modulators of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), one of the major epigenetic target families. The increased chemical information available for modulators of DNMTs has opened up the avenue to explore the epigenetic relevant chemical space (ERCS). Herein, we discuss recent progress on the identification and development of inhibitors of DNMTs as potential epi-drugs and epi-probes that have been driven by molecular modeling and chemoinformatics methods. We also survey advances on the elucidation of their structure-activity relationships and exploration of ERCS. Finally, it is illustrated how computational approaches can be applied to identify modulators of DNMTs in food chemicals.
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24
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Berinyuy E, Soliman MES. Identification of Novel Potential gp120 of HIV-1 Antagonist Using Per-Residue Energy Contribution-Based Pharmacophore modelling. Interdiscip Sci 2016; 9:406-418. [PMID: 27165479 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-016-0174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of HIV-1 target cell entry, by targeting gp120, has been identified as a promising approach for the identification and development of prophylactic and salvage HIV infection inhibitors. A small molecule compound 18A is an important chemotype in the development of novel and diverse viral cell entry inhibitors, as it inhibits a wide variety of HIV strains by disrupting allosteric structuring on gp120. This study combines residue energy contribution (REC) pharmacophore mapping of 18A and in silico molecular docking in a virtual screening campaign to identify novel and diverse antagonists of gp120. The binding free energy of a validated docked complex of gp120-18A and the quantitative contribution of interacting residues were obtained with a more accurate molecular mechanics/generalised born surface area (MM/GBSA) method followed by mapping the energetically favourable residue contributions onto atom centres in 18A to obtain a pharmacophore model. The generated pharmacophore hypothesis was used to search the ZINC database for 3D structures that match the pharmacophore. Further, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy analysis were performed on retrieved hits in order to rank hits based on their affinity and interactions in the CD4 binding cavity of a gp120. Interestingly, the top scoring compound designated with ZINC database ID as ZINC64700951 (docking score = -8.8 kcal/mol, ∆G = -43.77 kcal/mol) showed higher affinity compared to compound 18A docking score = -7.3 kcal/mol, ∆G = -31.97 kcal/mol) and interaction of ZN64700951 with validated allosteric hot spot residues, Asp368 and Met426, and binding hot spot residues, Asn425, Glu370, Gly473, Trp427 and Met475 in gp120, suggest that ZN64700951 is a promising antagonist of gp120. Thus, ZN64700951 could serve as an additional prototype for further optimisation as an HIV target cell viral entry inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliene Berinyuy
- Molecular Modelling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Modelling and Drug Design Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Ramírez D, Caballero J. Is It Reliable to Use Common Molecular Docking Methods for Comparing the Binding Affinities of Enantiomer Pairs for Their Protein Target? Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17040525. [PMID: 27104528 PMCID: PMC4848981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular docking is a computational chemistry method which has become essential for the rational drug design process. In this context, it has had great impact as a successful tool for the study of ligand–receptor interaction modes, and for the exploration of large chemical datasets through virtual screening experiments. Despite their unquestionable merits, docking methods are not reliable for predicting binding energies due to the simple scoring functions they use. However, comparisons between two or three complexes using the predicted binding energies as a criterion are commonly found in the literature. In the present work we tested how wise is it to trust the docking energies when two complexes between a target protein and enantiomer pairs are compared. For this purpose, a ligand library composed by 141 enantiomeric pairs was used, including compounds with biological activities reported against seven protein targets. Docking results using the software Glide (considering extra precision (XP), standard precision (SP), and high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS) modes) and AutoDock Vina were compared with the reported biological activities using a classification scheme. Our test failed for all modes and targets, demonstrating that an accurate prediction when binding energies of enantiomers are compared using docking may be due to chance. We also compared pairs of compounds with different molecular weights and found the same results.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ramírez
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM), Universidad de Talca. 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile.
| | - Julio Caballero
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM), Universidad de Talca. 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile.
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26
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Lenkov K, Lee MH, Lenkov OD, Swafford A, Fernald RD. Epigenetic DNA Methylation Linked to Social Dominance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144750. [PMID: 26717574 PMCID: PMC4696829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Social status hierarchies are ubiquitous in vertebrate social systems, including humans. It is well known that social rank can influence quality of life dramatically among members of social groups. For example, high-ranking individuals have greater access to resources, including food and mating prerogatives that, in turn, have a positive impact on their reproductive success and health. In contrast low ranking individuals typically have limited reproductive success and may experience lasting social and physiological costs. Ultimately, social rank and behavior are regulated by changes in gene expression. However, little is known about mechanisms that transduce social cues into transcriptional changes. Since social behavior is a dynamic process, we hypothesized that a molecular mechanism such as DNA methylation might play a role these changes. To test this hypothesis, we used an African cichlid fish, Astatotilapia burtoni, in which social rank dictates reproductive access. We show that manipulating global DNA methylation state strongly biases the outcomes of social encounters. Injecting DNA methylating and de-methylating agents in low status animals competing for status, we found that animals with chemically increased methylation states were statistically highly likely to ascend in rank. In contrast, those with inhibited methylation processes and thus lower methylation levels were statistically highly unlikely to ascend in rank. This suggests that among its many roles, DNA methylation may be linked to social status and more generally to social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapa Lenkov
- Biology Department, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305–5020, United States of America
| | - Mi H. Lee
- Biology Department, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305–5020, United States of America
| | - Olga D. Lenkov
- Biology Department, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305–5020, United States of America
| | - Andrew Swafford
- Biology Department, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305–5020, United States of America
| | - Russell D. Fernald
- Biology Department, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305–5020, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Abstract
The approval of DNA methylation inhibitors azacytidine and decitabine for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukaemia has demonstrated that modulation of relatively broad epigenetic regulatory processes can show beneficial efficacy/safety profiles in defined patient groups. This chapter will focus on the biochemical mechanisms controlling DNA methylation, consequences of aberrant DNA methylation in complex chronic diseases, existing modulators of DNA methylation used in the clinic, and opportunities for new drugs targeting this central epigenetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom D. Heightman
- Astex Pharmaceuticals 436 Cambridge Science Park Cambridge CB4 0QA UK
| | - Michael McCullar
- Astex Pharmaceuticals Inc. 4140 Dublin Boulevard, Suite 200 Dublin CA 94568 USA
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28
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Meng F, Cheng S, Ding H, Liu S, Liu Y, Zhu K, Chen S, Lu J, Xie Y, Li L, Liu R, Shi Z, Zhou Y, Liu YC, Zheng M, Jiang H, Lu W, Liu H, Luo C. Discovery and Optimization of Novel, Selective Histone Methyltransferase SET7 Inhibitors by Pharmacophore- and Docking-Based Virtual Screening. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8166-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanwang Meng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sufang Cheng
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research,
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shien Liu
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kongkai Zhu
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shijie Chen
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junyan Lu
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiqian Xie
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linjuan Li
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rongfeng Liu
- Shanghai ChemPartner
Co., Ltd., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Shanghai ChemPartner
Co., Ltd., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research,
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Chih Liu
- Shanghai ChemPartner
Co., Ltd., Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wencong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Receptor Research,
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery
and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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29
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Naveja JJ, Medina-Franco JL. Activity landscape of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors bridges chemoinformatics with epigenetic drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2015; 10:1059-70. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2015.1073257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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DNA cytosine and methylcytosine deamination by APOBEC3B: enhancing methylcytosine deamination by engineering APOBEC3B. Biochem J 2015. [PMID: 26195824 PMCID: PMC4613526 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
APOBEC (apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like) is a family of enzymes that deaminates cytosine (C) to uracil (U) on nucleic acid. APOBEC3B (A3B) functions in innate immunity against intrinsic and invading retroelements and viruses. A3B can also induce genomic DNA mutations to cause cancer. A3B contains two cytosine deaminase domains (CD1, CD2), and there are conflicting reports about whether both domains are active. Here we demonstrate that only CD2 of A3B (A3BCD2) has C deamination activity. We also reveal that both A3B and A3BCD2 can deaminate methylcytosine (mC). Guided by structural and functional analysis, we successfully engineered A3BCD2 to gain over two orders of magnitude higher activity for mC deamination. Important determinants that contribute to the activity and selectivity for mC deamination have been identified, which reveals that multiple elements, rather than single ones, contribute to the mC deamination activity and selectivity in A3BCD2 and possibly other APOBECs.
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Shilpi A, Parbin S, Sengupta D, Kar S, Deb M, Rath SK, Pradhan N, Rakshit M, Patra SK. Mechanisms of DNA methyltransferase-inhibitor interactions: Procyanidin B2 shows new promise for therapeutic intervention of cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 233:122-38. [PMID: 25839702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) is a key epigenetic enzyme for pharmacological manipulation and is employed in cancer reprogramming. During past few years multiple strategies have been implemented to excavate epigenetic compounds targeting DNMTs. In light of the emerging concept of chemoinformatics, molecular docking and simulation studies have been employed to accelerate the development of DNMT inhibitors. Among the DNMT inhibitors known till date, epigallocathechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was identified to be effective in reducing DNMT activity. However, the broad spectrum of EGCG to other diseases and variable target enzymes offers some limitations. In view of this, 32 EGCG analogues were screened at S-Adnosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) binding pocket of DNMTs and procyanidin B2-3, 3'-di-O-gallate (procyanidin B2) was obtained as potent inhibitor having medicinally relevant chemical space. Further, in vitro analysis demonstrates the efficiency of procyanidin B2 in attenuating DNMT activity at IC50 of 6.88±0.647 μM and subsequently enhancing the expression of DNMT target genes, E-cadherin, Maspin and BRCA1. Moreover, the toxic property of procyanidin B2 towards triple negative breast cancer cells to normal cells offers platform for pre-clinical trial and an insight to the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Shilpi
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Sabnam Parbin
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Dipta Sengupta
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Swayamsiddha Kar
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Moonmoon Deb
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Sandip Kumar Rath
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Nibedita Pradhan
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Madhumita Rakshit
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
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Kakarala KK, Jamil K, Devaraji V. Structure and putative signaling mechanism of Protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) - a promising target for breast cancer. J Mol Graph Model 2014; 53:179-199. [PMID: 25173751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Experimental evidences have observed enhanced expression of protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in breast cancer consistently. However, it is not yet recognized as an important therapeutic target for breast cancer as the primary molecular mechanisms of its activation are not yet well-defined. Nevertheless, recent reports on the mechanism of GPCR activation and signaling have given new insights to GPCR functioning. In the light of these details, we attempted to understand PAR2 structure & function using molecular modeling techniques. In this work, we generated averaged representative stable models of PAR2, using protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) as a template and selected conformation based on their binding affinity with PAR2 specific agonist, GB110. Further, the selected model was used for studying the binding affinity of putative ligands. The selected ligands were based on a recent publication on phylogenetic analysis of Class A rhodopsin family of GPCRs. This study reports putative ligands, their interacting residues, binding affinity and molecular dynamics simulation studies on PAR2-ligand complexes. The results reported from this study would be useful for researchers and academicians to investigate PAR2 function as its physiological role is still hypothetical. Further, this information may provide a novel therapeutic scheme to manage breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Kumari Kakarala
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (CBB), School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Advanced Studies (JNIAS), 6th Floor, Buddha Bhawan, M.G. Road, Secunderabad 500003, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Kaiser Jamil
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (CBB), School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Advanced Studies (JNIAS), 6th Floor, Buddha Bhawan, M.G. Road, Secunderabad 500003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Devaraji
- College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, E.V.R. Periyar Salai, Chennai 600003, India
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Challenges in developing novel DNA methyltransferases inhibitors for cancer therapy. Future Med Chem 2014; 6:1237-40. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Rilova E, Erdmann A, Gros C, Masson V, Aussagues Y, Poughon-Cassabois V, Rajavelu A, Jeltsch A, Menon Y, Novosad N, Gregoire JM, Vispé S, Schambel P, Ausseil F, Sautel F, Arimondo PB, Cantagrel F. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-amino-N- (4-aminophenyl)benzamide analogues of quinoline-based SGI-1027 as inhibitors of DNA methylation. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:590-601. [PMID: 24678024 PMCID: PMC4506529 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Quinoline derivative SGI-1027 (N-(4-(2-amino-6-methylpyrimidin-4-ylamino)phenyl)-4-(quinolin-4-ylamino)benzamide) was first described in 2009 as a potent inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1, 3A and 3B. Based on molecular modeling studies, performed using the crystal structure of Haemophilus haemolyticus cytosine-5 DNA methyltransferase (MHhaI C5 DNMT), which suggested that the quinoline and the aminopyridimine moieties of SGI-1027 are important for interaction with the substrates and protein, we designed and synthesized 25 derivatives. Among them, four compounds—namely the derivatives 12, 16, 31 and 32—exhibited activities comparable to that of the parent compound. Further evaluation revealed that these compounds were more potent against human DNMT3A than against human DNMT1 and induced the re-expression of a reporter gene, controlled by a methylated cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, in leukemia KG-1 cells. These compounds possessed cytotoxicity against leukemia KG-1 cells in the micromolar range, comparable with the cytotoxicity of the reference compound, SGI-1027. Structure–activity relationships were elucidated from the results. First, the presence of a methylene or carbonyl group to conjugate the quinoline moiety decreased the activity. Second, the size and nature of the aromatic or heterocycle subsitutents effects inhibition activity: tricyclic moieties, such as acridine, were found to decrease activity, while bicyclic substituents, such as quinoline, were well tolerated. The best combination was found to be a bicyclic substituent on one side of the compound, and a one-ring moiety on the other side. Finally, the orientation of the central amide bond was found to have little effect on the biological activity. This study provides new insights in to the structure-activity relationships of SGI-1027 and its derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Rilova
- USR CNRS-Pierre Fabre No. 3388 ETaC, Centre de Recherche et de Développement Pierre Fabre (CRDPF)3 Ave Hubert Curien, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 01 (France) E-mail:
| | - Alexandre Erdmann
- USR CNRS-Pierre Fabre No. 3388 ETaC, Centre de Recherche et de Développement Pierre Fabre (CRDPF)3 Ave Hubert Curien, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 01 (France) E-mail:
| | - Christina Gros
- USR CNRS-Pierre Fabre No. 3388 ETaC, Centre de Recherche et de Développement Pierre Fabre (CRDPF)3 Ave Hubert Curien, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 01 (France) E-mail:
| | - Véronique Masson
- USR CNRS-Pierre Fabre No. 3388 ETaC, Centre de Recherche et de Développement Pierre Fabre (CRDPF)3 Ave Hubert Curien, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 01 (France) E-mail:
| | - Yannick Aussagues
- USR CNRS-Pierre Fabre No. 3388 ETaC, Centre de Recherche et de Développement Pierre Fabre (CRDPF)3 Ave Hubert Curien, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 01 (France) E-mail:
| | - Valérie Poughon-Cassabois
- USR CNRS-Pierre Fabre No. 3388 ETaC, Centre de Recherche et de Développement Pierre Fabre (CRDPF)3 Ave Hubert Curien, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 01 (France) E-mail:
| | - Arumugam Rajavelu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)
| | - Albert Jeltsch
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart (Germany)
| | - Yoann Menon
- USR CNRS-Pierre Fabre No. 3388 ETaC, Centre de Recherche et de Développement Pierre Fabre (CRDPF)3 Ave Hubert Curien, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 01 (France) E-mail:
| | - Natacha Novosad
- USR CNRS-Pierre Fabre No. 3388 ETaC, Centre de Recherche et de Développement Pierre Fabre (CRDPF)3 Ave Hubert Curien, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 01 (France) E-mail:
| | - Jean-Marc Gregoire
- USR CNRS-Pierre Fabre No. 3388 ETaC, Centre de Recherche et de Développement Pierre Fabre (CRDPF)3 Ave Hubert Curien, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 01 (France) E-mail:
| | - Stéphane Vispé
- USR CNRS-Pierre Fabre No. 3388 ETaC, Centre de Recherche et de Développement Pierre Fabre (CRDPF)3 Ave Hubert Curien, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 01 (France) E-mail:
| | - Philippe Schambel
- Institut de Recherches Pierre Fabre17 Rue Jean Moulin, 81106 Castres Cedex (France)
| | - Fréderic Ausseil
- USR CNRS-Pierre Fabre No. 3388 ETaC, Centre de Recherche et de Développement Pierre Fabre (CRDPF)3 Ave Hubert Curien, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 01 (France) E-mail:
| | - François Sautel
- USR CNRS-Pierre Fabre No. 3388 ETaC, Centre de Recherche et de Développement Pierre Fabre (CRDPF)3 Ave Hubert Curien, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 01 (France) E-mail:
| | - Paola B Arimondo
- USR CNRS-Pierre Fabre No. 3388 ETaC, Centre de Recherche et de Développement Pierre Fabre (CRDPF)3 Ave Hubert Curien, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 01 (France) E-mail:
| | - Frédéric Cantagrel
- USR CNRS-Pierre Fabre No. 3388 ETaC, Centre de Recherche et de Développement Pierre Fabre (CRDPF)3 Ave Hubert Curien, 31035 Toulouse Cedex 01 (France) E-mail:
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Ganai SA, Shanmugam K, Mahadevan V. Energy-optimised pharmacophore approach to identify potential hotspots during inhibition of Class II HDAC isoforms. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:374-87. [PMID: 24460542 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2013.879073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are conjugated enzymes that modulate chromatin architecture by deacetylating lysine residues on the histone tails leading to transcriptional repression. Pharmacological interventions of these enzymes with small molecule inhibitors called Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have shown enhanced acetylation of the genome and are hence emerging as potential targets at the clinic. Type-specific inhibition of Class II HDACs has shown enhanced therapeutic benefits against developmental and neurodegenerative disorders. However, the structural identity of class-specific isoforms limits the potential of their inhibitors in precise targeting of their enzymes. Diverse strategies have been implemented to recognise the features in HDAC enzymes which may help in identifying isoform specificity factors. This work attempts a computational approach that combines in silico docking and energy-optimised pharmacophore (E-pharmacophore) mapping of 18 known HDAC inhibitors and has identified structural variations that regulate their interactions against the six Class II HDAC enzymes considered for the study. This combined approach establishes that inhibitors possessing higher number of aromatic rings in different structural regions might function as potent inhibitors, while inhibitors with scarce ring structures might point to compromised potency. This would aid the rationale for chemical optimisation and design of isoform selective HDAC inhibitors with enhanced affinity and therapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad Ganai
- a Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical & Biotechnology , SASTRA University , Thanjavur 613401 , India
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Heger M, van Golen RF, Broekgaarden M, Michel MC. The molecular basis for the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of curcumin and its metabolites in relation to cancer. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 66:222-307. [PMID: 24368738 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.004044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the oncopharmacological properties of curcumin at the molecular level. First, the interactions between curcumin and its molecular targets are addressed on the basis of curcumin's distinct chemical properties, which include H-bond donating and accepting capacity of the β-dicarbonyl moiety and the phenylic hydroxyl groups, H-bond accepting capacity of the methoxy ethers, multivalent metal and nonmetal cation binding properties, high partition coefficient, rotamerization around multiple C-C bonds, and the ability to act as a Michael acceptor. Next, the in vitro chemical stability of curcumin is elaborated in the context of its susceptibility to photochemical and chemical modification and degradation (e.g., alkaline hydrolysis). Specific modification and degradatory pathways are provided, which mainly entail radical-based intermediates, and the in vitro catabolites are identified. The implications of curcumin's (photo)chemical instability are addressed in light of pharmaceutical curcumin preparations, the use of curcumin analogues, and implementation of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of curcumin and its most important degradation products are detailed in light of curcumin's poor bioavailability. Particular emphasis is placed on xenobiotic phase I and II metabolism as well as excretion of curcumin in the intestines (first pass), the liver (second pass), and other organs in addition to the pharmacokinetics of curcumin metabolites and their systemic clearance. Lastly, a summary is provided of the clinical pharmacodynamics of curcumin followed by a detailed account of curcumin's direct molecular targets, whereby the phenotypical/biological changes induced in cancer cells upon completion of the curcumin-triggered signaling cascade(s) are addressed in the framework of the hallmarks of cancer. The direct molecular targets include the ErbB family of receptors, protein kinase C, enzymes involved in prostaglandin synthesis, vitamin D receptor, and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Heger
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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37
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Drwal MN, Griffith R. Combination of ligand- and structure-based methods in virtual screening. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2013; 10:e395-e401. [PMID: 24050136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The combination of ligand- and structure-based molecular modelling methods has become a common approach in virtual screening. This review describes different strategies for integration of ligand- and structure-based methods which can be divided into sequential, parallel or hybrid approaches. Although no thorough performance comparisons between combined approaches are available, examples of successful applications in prospective and retrospective virtual screening are discussed. Most published studies use a sequential approach, utilising well-documented single methods successfully.
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Park MS, Park SY, Miller KR, Collins EJ, Lee HY. Accurate structure prediction of peptide-MHC complexes for identifying highly immunogenic antigens. Mol Immunol 2013; 56:81-90. [PMID: 23688437 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Designing an optimal HIV-1 vaccine faces the challenge of identifying antigens that induce a broad immune capacity. One factor to control the breadth of T cell responses is the surface morphology of a peptide-MHC complex. Here, we present an in silico protocol for predicting peptide-MHC structure. A robust signature of a conformational transition was identified during all-atom molecular dynamics, which results in a model with high accuracy. A large test set was used in constructing our protocol and we went another step further using a blind test with a wild-type peptide and two highly immunogenic mutants, which predicted substantial conformational changes in both mutants. The center residues at position five of the analogs were configured to be accessible to solvent, forming a prominent surface, while the residue of the wild-type peptide was to point laterally toward the side of the binding cleft. We then experimentally determined the structures of the blind test set, using high resolution of X-ray crystallography, which verified predicted conformational changes. Our observation strongly supports a positive association of the surface morphology of a peptide-MHC complex to its immunogenicity. Our study offers the prospect of enhancing immunogenicity of vaccines by identifying MHC binding immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Yoo J, Choi S, Medina-Franco JL. Molecular modeling studies of the novel inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases SGI-1027 and CBC12: implications for the mechanism of inhibition of DNMTs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62152. [PMID: 23637988 PMCID: PMC3636198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Inhibition of DNMTs is a promising approach for cancer therapy. Recently, novel classes of the quinolone-based compound, SGI-1027, and RG108-procainamide conjugates, CBC12, have been identified as potent DNMT inhibitors. In this work, we report comprehensive studies using induced-fit docking of SGI-1027 and CBC12 with human DNMT1 and DNMT3A. The docking was performed in the C-terminal MTase catalytic domain, which contains the substrate and cofactor binding sites, in the presence and absence of other domains. Induced-fit docking predicts possible binding modes of the ligands through the appropriate structural changes in the receptor. This work suggests a hypothesis of the inhibitory mechanisms of the new inhibitors which is in agreement with the reported autoinhibitory mechanism. The insights obtained in this work can be used to design DNMT inhibitors with novel scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakyung Yoo
- National Leading Research Lab of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Global Top5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Choi
- National Leading Research Lab of Molecular Modeling & Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Global Top5 Research Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SC) (SC); (JLMF) (JM)
| | - José L. Medina-Franco
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail: (SC) (SC); (JLMF) (JM)
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Medina-Franco JL, Yoo J. Docking of a novel DNA methyltransferase inhibitor identified from high-throughput screening: insights to unveil inhibitors in chemical databases. Mol Divers 2013; 17:337-44. [PMID: 23447100 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-013-9428-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) are attractive compounds not only as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer and other diseases, but also as research tools to investigate the role of DNMTs in epigenetic events. Recent advances in high-throughput screening (HTS) for epigenetic targets and the availability of the first crystallographic structure of human DNMT1 encourage the integration of research strategies to uncover and optimize the activity of DNMT inhibitors. Herein, we present a binding model of a novel small-molecule DNMT1 inhibitor obtained by HTS, recently released in a public database. The docking model is in agreement with key interactions previously identified for established inhibitors using extensive computational studies including molecular dynamics and structure-based pharmacophore modeling. Based on the chemical structure of the novel inhibitor, a sequential computational screening of five chemical databases was performed to identify candidate compounds for testing. Similarity searching followed by molecular docking of chemical databases such as approved drugs, natural products, a DNMT-focused library, and a general screening collection, identified at least 108 molecules with promising DNMT inhibitory activity. The chemical structures of all hit compounds are disclosed to encourage the research community working on epigenetics to test experimentally the enzymatic and demethylating activity in vivo. Five candidate hits are drugs approved for other indications and represent potential starting points of a drug repurposing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Medina-Franco
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico.
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Cherblanc FL, Davidson RWM, Di Fruscia P, Srimongkolpithak N, Fuchter MJ. Perspectives on natural product epigenetic modulators in chemical biology and medicine. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:605-24. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np20097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Kalyaanamoorthy S, Chen YPP. Energy based pharmacophore mapping of HDAC inhibitors against class I HDAC enzymes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:317-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Millan MJ. An epigenetic framework for neurodevelopmental disorders: from pathogenesis to potential therapy. Neuropharmacology 2012; 68:2-82. [PMID: 23246909 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are characterized by aberrant and delayed early-life development of the brain, leading to deficits in language, cognition, motor behaviour and other functional domains, often accompanied by somatic symptoms. Environmental factors like perinatal infection, malnutrition and trauma can increase the risk of the heterogeneous, multifactorial and polygenic disorders, autism and schizophrenia. Conversely, discrete genetic anomalies are involved in Down, Rett and Fragile X syndromes, tuberous sclerosis and neurofibromatosis, the less familiar Phelan-McDermid, Sotos, Kleefstra, Coffin-Lowry and "ATRX" syndromes, and the disorders of imprinting, Angelman and Prader-Willi syndromes. NDDs have been termed "synaptopathies" in reference to structural and functional disturbance of synaptic plasticity, several involve abnormal Ras-Kinase signalling ("rasopathies"), and many are characterized by disrupted cerebral connectivity and an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory transmission. However, at a different level of integration, NDDs are accompanied by aberrant "epigenetic" regulation of processes critical for normal and orderly development of the brain. Epigenetics refers to potentially-heritable (by mitosis and/or meiosis) mechanisms controlling gene expression without changes in DNA sequence. In certain NDDs, prototypical epigenetic processes of DNA methylation and covalent histone marking are impacted. Conversely, others involve anomalies in chromatin-modelling, mRNA splicing/editing, mRNA translation, ribosome biogenesis and/or the regulatory actions of small nucleolar RNAs and micro-RNAs. Since epigenetic mechanisms are modifiable, this raises the hope of novel therapy, though questions remain concerning efficacy and safety. The above issues are critically surveyed in this review, which advocates a broad-based epigenetic framework for understanding and ultimately treating a diverse assemblage of NDDs ("epigenopathies") lying at the interface of genetic, developmental and environmental processes. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Neurodevelopmental Disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Unit for Research and Discovery in Neuroscience, IDR Servier, 125 chemin de ronde, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, Paris, France.
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Yoo J, Kim JH, Robertson KD, Medina-Franco JL. Molecular modeling of inhibitors of human DNA methyltransferase with a crystal structure: discovery of a novel DNMT1 inhibitor. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2012; 87:219-47. [PMID: 22607757 PMCID: PMC3837394 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398312-1.00008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are promising epigenetic targets for the development of novel anticancer drugs and other diseases. Molecular modeling and experimental approaches are being used to identify and develop inhibitors of human DNMTs. Most of the computational efforts conducted so far with DNMT1 employ homology models of the enzyme. Recently, a crystallographic structure of the methyltransferase domain of human DNMT1 bound to unmethylated DNA was published. Following on our previous computational and experimental studies with DNMTs, we herein present molecular dynamics of the crystal structure of human DNMT1. Docking studies of established DNMT1 inhibitors with the crystal structure gave rise to a structure-based pharmacophore model that suggests key interactions of the inhibitors with the catalytic binding site. Results had a good agreement with the docking and pharmacophore models previously developed using a homology model of the catalytic domain of DNMT1. The docking protocol was able to distinguish active DNMT1 inhibitors from, for example, experimentally known inactive DNMT1 inhibitors. As part of our efforts to identify novel inhibitors of DNMT1, we conducted the experimental characterization of aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) that in preliminary docking studies showed promising activity. ATA had a submicromolar inhibition (IC50 = 0.68 μM) against DNMT1. ATA was also evaluated for Dnmt3a inhibition showing an IC50 = 1.4 μM. This chapter illustrates the synergy from integrating molecular modeling and experimental methods to further advance the discovery of novel candidates for epigenetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakyung Yoo
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida, USA
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Thomas X. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia: discovery, design and first therapeutic experiences. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2012; 7:1039-51. [PMID: 22950862 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2012.722618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA methylation is an epigenetic change mediated by DNA methyltranferases (DNMTs), which are promising epigenetic targets for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This is evidenced by the two DNMT inhibitors (azacitidine and decitabine) approved by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States for the treatment of high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes and the first clinical data available in AML. AREAS COVERED This paper reviews data from the international literature regarding the design, sites of impact and pharmacodynamic characteristics of DNMT inhibitors, and their first clinical experiences in AML. EXPERT OPINION The strongest advances in epigenetic therapy have been in the treatment of AML. There are now an increasing number of DNMT inhibitors. These agents may be potentially administered at different times of leukemia therapy: before or instead of chemotherapy, as maintenance therapy, prior to allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT) or after relapse following SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Thomas
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Pierre Bénite, France.
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DNA methylation inhibitors in cancer: recent and future approaches. Biochimie 2012; 94:2280-96. [PMID: 22967704 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the different human DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), their biological roles, their mechanisms of action and their role in cancer. The description of assays for detecting DNMT inhibitors (DNMTi) follows. The different known DNMTi are reported along with their advantages, drawbacks and clinical trials. A discussion on the features of the future DNMT inhibitors will conclude this review.
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Esatbeyoglu T, Huebbe P, Ernst IMA, Chin D, Wagner AE, Rimbach G. Curcumin--from molecule to biological function. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:5308-32. [PMID: 22566109 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 568] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Turmeric is traditionally used as a spice and coloring in foods. It is an important ingredient in curry and gives curry powder its characteristic yellow color. As a consequence of its intense yellow color, turmeric, or curcumin (food additive E100), is used as a food coloring (e.g. mustard). Turmeric contains the curcuminoids curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Recently, the health properties (neuroprotection, chemo-, and cancer prevention) of curcuminoids have gained increasing attention. Curcuminoids induce endogenous antioxidant defense mechanisms in the organism and have anti-inflammatory activity. Curcuminoids influence gene expression as well as epigenetic mechanisms. Synthetic curcumin analogues also exhibit biological activity. This Review describes the development of curcumin from a "traditional" spice and food coloring to a "modern" biological regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Abteilung Lebensmittelwissenschaft, Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland
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Esatbeyoglu T, Huebbe P, Ernst IMA, Chin D, Wagner AE, Rimbach G. Curcumin - vom Molekül zur biologischen Wirkung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yoo J, Medina-Franco JL. Computer-guided discovery of epigenetics drugs: molecular modeling and identification of inhibitors of DNMT1. J Cheminform 2012. [PMCID: PMC3341239 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2946-4-s1-p25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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50
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Curcumin causes promoter hypomethylation and increased expression of FANCF gene in SiHa cell line. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 365:29-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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