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Brondani M, Barlow G, Liu S, Kalsi P, Koonar A, Chen J(L, Murphy P, Broadbent J, Brondani B. Problem-based learning curriculum disconnect on diversity, equitable representation, and inclusion. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298843. [PMID: 38917078 PMCID: PMC11198754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) mission statements continue to be adopted by academic institutions in general, and by dental schools around the globe in particular. But DEI content seems to be under-developed in dental education. The objectives of this study were two-fold: to extract information from all the PBL cases at University of British Columbia's Faculty of Dentistry curriculum in terms of the diversity, equitable representation, and inclusion of patient and provider characteristics, context, and treatment outcomes; and; to compare these findings with the composition of the British Columbia census population, dental practice contextual factors, and the evidence on treatment outcomes within patient care. Information from all the 58 PBL cases was extracted between January and March 2023, focusing on patient and provider characteristics (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity), context (e.g., type of insurance), and treatment outcomes (e.g., successful/unsuccessful). This information was compared with the available literature. From all the 58 PBL cases, 0.4% included non-straight patients, while at least 4% of BC residents self-identify as non-straight; there were no cases involving First Nations patients although they make up 6% of the British Columbia population. Less than 10% of the cases involved older adults who make up almost 20% of the population. Only Treatments involving patients without a disability were 5.74 times more likely to be successful compared to those involving patients with a disability (p<0.05). The characteristics of the patients, practice context, and treatment outcomes portrayed in the existing PBL cases seem to differ from what is known about the composition of the British Columbia population, treatment outcome success, and practice context; a curriculum disconnect seems to exist. The PBL cases should be revised to better represent the population within which most students will practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Brondani
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Division of Dental Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Grace Barlow
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Pavneet Kalsi
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Annika Koonar
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jialin (Lydia) Chen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Office of the Dean, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Peter Murphy
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biomedical & Medical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jonathan Broadbent
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Bruna Brondani
- Faculty of Dentsitry, Department of Stomatology, Univesidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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2
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Valdez R, Spinler K, Kofahl C, Seedorf U, Heydecke G, Reissmann DR, Lieske B, Dingoyan D, Aarabi G. Oral Health Literacy in Migrant and Ethnic Minority Populations: A Systematic Review. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 24:1061-1080. [PMID: 34448993 PMCID: PMC9256555 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cultural background influences how migrants and ethnic minority populations view and assess health. Poor oral health literacy (OHL) may be a hindrance in achieving good oral health. This systematic review summarizes the current quantitative evidence regarding OHL of migrants and ethnic minority populations. The PubMed database was searched for original quantitative studies that explore OHL as a holistic multidimensional construct or at least one of its subdimensions in migrants and ethnic minority populations. 34 publications were selected. Only 2 studies specifically addressed OHL in migrant populations. Generally, participants without migration background had higher OHL than migrant and ethnic minority populations. The latter showed lower dental service utilization, negative oral health beliefs, negative oral health behavior, and low levels of oral health knowledge. Due to its potential influence on OHL, oral health promoting behavior, attitudes, capabilities, and beliefs as well as the cultural and ethnic background of persons should be considered in medical education and oral health prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Valdez
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Sociology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Spinler
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Kofahl
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - U Seedorf
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Heydecke
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D R Reissmann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Lieske
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Dingoyan
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Aarabi
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Liu J, Wong MCM, Lo ECM. The use of Oral Health Impact on Daily Living (OHIDL) transition scale in measuring the change in oral health-related quality of life among older adults. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:230. [PMID: 33941160 PMCID: PMC8094480 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal validity and reliability of the Oral Health Impact on Daily Living (OHIDL) transition scale and measure the perceived change in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) after dental treatments among older adults.
Methods OHIDL was administered to older adults who sought dental treatments. Participants were asked to assess changes in impact for each OHIDL item retrospectively compared with that before the treatment. The responsiveness, minimal clinically important difference (MCID), internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the OHIDL transition scale were evaluated. Multiple linear regression was employed to predict the change in oral health impacts after dental treatment. Beta coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Results One hundred and seventy-six participants were followed-up with upon completing their dental treatments. The follow-up rate was 70.4% (176/250). The OHIDL transition score strongly correlated with the global rating of change (rs = 0.76, P < 0.01). MCID was determined by participants who reported “a little improved” in the perceived oral health impacts, and their mean transition score was 3.3. Cronbach’s alpha of the transition scale was 0.87, and many items had a test–retest correlation of at least 0.60. Patients who perceived more oral health impacts at baseline as measured by the total intensity score (β = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.44, P < 0.001) and those who had received endodontic treatment (β = 8.04, 95% CI: 4.36, 11.71, P < 0.001) would have more improvement in perceived oral health impacts. Conclusions The OHIDL transition scale has good psychometric properties and is sensitive to change over time. After receiving dental treatment, most of the study’s older adults perceived a lower intensity of OHIDL. Clinical relevance The OHIDL transition scale is a valid and reliable instrument to measure the change in OHRQoL after dental treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - May Chun Mei Wong
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Edward Chin Man Lo
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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4
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Mao W, Wu B, Chi I, Yang W, Dong X. Neighborhood Cohesion and Oral Health Problems Among Older Chinese American Immigrants: Does Acculturation Make a Difference? THE GERONTOLOGIST 2020; 60:219-228. [PMID: 31565728 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Despite an increasing, yet still limited amount of research on social determinants of oral health, the influences of neighborhood characteristics remain understudied, especially within the context of immigration. Acculturation is multidimensional, and its influences on the oral health of immigrants vary across age and ethnic groups. This study investigated the relationship between neighborhood cohesion and oral health problems among older Chinese American immigrants, and whether and to what extent acculturation indicators moderate the relationship between such cohesion and oral health. METHODS The research design and working sample included 3,157 older Chinese American immigrants aged 60 years or older from the baseline of the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago. Neighborhood cohesion was measured by a six-item scale. Oral health problems were measured by the presence or absence of such problems. Acculturation included residence in ethnic enclaves, length of stay, and behavioral acculturation. Stepwise logistic regression models with interaction terms (Neighborhood cohesion × Acculturation) were conducted to examine the association between neighborhood cohesion and oral health problems, accounting for sociodemographics, health conditions, and health behaviors. RESULTS Individuals experiencing higher levels of neighborhood cohesion reported a lower likelihood of having oral health problems. The protective effect of neighborhood cohesion against having oral health problems was stronger when individuals resided in ethnic enclaves such as Chinatown. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS To promote optimal oral health, interventions need to account for individuals' perceptions and levels of integration into their neighborhoods and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Mao
- School of Social Work, University of Nevada, Reno, Los Angeles
| | - Bei Wu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, Los Angeles
| | - Iris Chi
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Xinqi Dong
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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5
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Mao W, Chen Y, Wu B, Ge S, Yang W, Chi I, Dong X. Perceived Stress, Social Support, and Dry Mouth Among US Older Chinese Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2020; 67:S551-S556. [PMID: 31403193 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dry mouth is a common condition among older adults that negatively influences oral health, general health, and quality of life. The role of psychosocial factors in oral health conditions and diseases remains largely unknown. We conducted a study to examine the relationship between perceived stress and dry mouth among US older Chinese adults and further investigated the potential moderating role of social support and social strain from different sources in the relationship. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING Baseline of the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago, a community-engaged, population-based longitudinal study of health and well-being among community-dwelling US older Chinese adults. PARTICIPANTS Individuals 60 years or older (N = 3157). MEASUREMENTS Perceived stress was measured by the 10-item Chinese Perceived Stress Scale to evaluate the degree to which life situations were perceived as stressful during the preceding month on a 5-point scale, ranging from 0 ("never") to 4 ("very often"). Dry mouth was a binary self-reported outcome variable (1 = "dry mouth"). Social support was measured by the Health and Retirement Study's social support and strain scale from sources including spouse, other family members, and friends with a 3-point response set, ranging from 0 ("hardly ever") to 2 ("often"). Sociodemographics and disease processes were assessed as covariates. We conducted stepwise logistic regressions with interaction terms. RESULTS Having higher levels of perceived stress was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of reporting dry mouth (odds ratio = 1.03; 95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.04). The effect of perceived stress on dry mouth may vary by levels of family and friend support. CONCLUSION Perceived stress may influence dry mouth either directly or indirectly. To prevent or reduce dry mouth, in addition to disease processes, interventions need to consider psychosocial factors in dry mouth, especially perceived stress and social support, in this growing population. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:S551-S556, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Mao
- School of Social Work, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yiwei Chen
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio
| | - Bei Wu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Shaoqing Ge
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Iris Chi
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - XinQi Dong
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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6
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Wu B, Pei Y, Zhang W, Northridge M. Immigrant Status, Resilience, and Perceived Oral Health Among Chinese Americans in Hawaii. Res Aging 2020; 42:186-195. [PMID: 32195629 DOI: 10.1177/0164027520912493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the associations among immigrant status, resilience, and perceived oral health for Chinese American older adults in Hawaii. METHOD Data derived from 430 Chinese American adults aged 55 years and older residing in Honolulu, HI. We compared the self-rated oral health and oral health problems between U.S.-born Chinese Americans and foreign-born Chinese Americans by using ordered logistic regression and ordinary least squares regression models. RESULTS Findings suggest that immigrant status and lower levels of resilience are associated with poorer self-rated oral health and more oral health problems for Chinese American older adults in Hawaii. Resilience is more strongly associated with self-rated oral health for U.S.-born Chinese American than for foreign-born Chinese Americans, but this pattern was not evident for oral health problems. DISCUSSION Older Chinese American immigrants in Hawaii are disadvantaged in terms of their oral health. Understanding their susceptibilities may lead to targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, NY, USA
| | - Yaolin Pei
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, NY, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Sociology, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Mary Northridge
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, NY, USA
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7
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Cao Y, Yang F. Objective and Subjective Dementia Caregiving Burden: The Moderating Role of Immanent Justice Reasoning and Social Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17020455. [PMID: 31936738 PMCID: PMC7014207 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Caregiving burden significantly effects the physical and mental health of family dementia caregivers. While the association between objective caregiving burden (OCB) and subjective caregiving burden (SCB) of family dementia caregivers is well documented, little is known as with how the association is moderated by the configuration of intrapersonal resource (e.g., immanent justice reasoning) and interpersonal resource (e.g., social support). The present study collected cross-sectional data on 157 major family caregivers of non-institutionalized persons with dementia in an urbanizing region of Western China’s Sichuan Province. They responded to questions on daily time spent on caregiving, the short version of Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), a sub-scale of a caregiver meaning scale, Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and demographic questions. Controlling for the demographic variables of the caregivers, this study found that the objective and subjective dementia caregiving burden were significantly associated (p < 0.001), and immanent justice reasoning was positively correlated with subjective burden (p < 0.01). Moreover, the association between OCB and SCB was significantly positive when social support and immanent justice reasoning were both high (p < 0.001), but neutral when social support was high and immanent justice reasoning was low. The association between OCB and SCB was significantly positive when social support and immanent justice reasoning were both low (p < 0.05), but neutral when social support was low and immanent justice reasoning was high. This research suggests the importance of developing intervention programs that consider the configuration of the external supporting resources and internal meaning-making of caregiving of the family dementia caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Cao
- Faculty of Economics and Management, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;
| | - Fan Yang
- School of International and Public Affairs, China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence:
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8
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Hoang H, Feike S, Lynden T, Barnett T, Crocombe L. Oral health needs of older migrants with culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in developed countries: A systematic review. Australas J Ageing 2019; 39:193-208. [PMID: 31811698 DOI: 10.1111/ajag.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify and synthesise the available evidence regarding the oral health needs of and the oral health promotion provided for older, cultural and linguistically diverse (CALD) migrants in developed countries. METHOD Databases were searched using search terms to identify all relevant English-language research studies published between 2000 and January 2018. RESULTS Thirty-nine articles met the review criteria. Thirty-three papers reported on the oral health needs of CALD older migrants and 6 on oral health programs provided for older migrants. CONCLUSIONS Cultural and linguistically diverse older migrants have high oral health needs and poor oral status and face a variety of barriers in accessing oral health care in their host countries. Recommendations to improve their access to oral health programs include building transcultural dental training into the educational requirements of dental students and developing oral health promotion programs that include culturally and linguistically customised information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Hoang
- Centre of Research Excellence in Primary Oral Health Care, Centre for Rural Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Suzanne Feike
- Centre of Research Excellence in Primary Oral Health Care, Centre for Rural Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tanya Lynden
- Centre of Research Excellence in Primary Oral Health Care, Centre for Rural Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tony Barnett
- Centre of Research Excellence in Primary Oral Health Care, Centre for Rural Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Len Crocombe
- Centre of Research Excellence in Primary Oral Health Care, Centre for Rural Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
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9
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Liu J, Wong MCM, Lo ECM. Validation of the Oral Health Impact on Daily Life Questionnaire (OHIDL) among Hong Kong older adults. Gerodontology 2019; 37:143-152. [PMID: 31347743 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Oral Health Impact on Daily Life Questionnaire (OHIDL) was developed through a qualitative study to measure oral health-related quality of life, including intensity and bother measurements, among older adults in Hong Kong. The instrument comprises 20 items divided into eight domains. OBJECTIVES This study describes the psychometric properties of the OHIDL and refines the instrument through validity and reliability testing. MATERIALS AND METHODS The OHIDL was administered to older adults who attended dental clinics for general dental treatments. Items with low discriminant ability were to be eliminated. Construct validity was assessed through convergent, divergent and factorial validity. Criterion validity was investigated by assessing the correlation between the measurements and the global questions. Reliability was assessed with Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS In total, 306 participants (mean age: 69.6 years) completed the interviews. Two items for which over 90% of the participants reported no impact and two items with poor discriminant validity were eliminated. Both intensity and bother measurements demonstrated good construct and criterion validity, with the intensity measurement showing better performance being selected for the OHIDL to reduce the respondents' burden. The intensity measurement also showed satisfactory internal consistency. CONCLUSIONS The refined OHIDL with 16 items in seven domains is valid and reliable in measuring the oral health impacts on daily life among Hong Kong older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - May Chun Mei Wong
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edward Chin Man Lo
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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10
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Jang Y, Yoon H, Rhee MK, Park NS, Chiriboga DA, Kim MT. Factors associated with dental service use of older Korean Americans. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2019; 47:340-345. [PMID: 31050020 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Based on Andersen's healthcare utilization model, the present study examined factors associated with dental service use in older Korean Americans. Focus was on predisposing characteristics (age, gender, marital status, education and region), oral health needs (problems with teeth or gums and self-rated oral health) and enabling factors (dental health insurance, length of stay in the United States, acculturation and family network). METHODS Using data from surveys with Korean Americans aged 60 or older (N = 2128), a Poisson regression model examined predictors of dental visit in the past 12 months. FINDINGS More than 21% of the sample reported having a problem with teeth or gums, and over half rated their oral health as either fair or poor. Approximately 71% lacked dental health insurance. The number of dental visits in the past 12 months averaged 1.40 (SD = 1.74), with about 38% having no dental visits at all. Multivariate analyses showed that higher levels of education, the presence of a problem with teeth or gums, dental health insurance coverage, longer length of stay in the United States, and larger family networks were associated with 1.01-1.35 times higher number of dental visits. CONCLUSION The findings not only confirmed the critical role of dental health insurance as a service enabler but also highlighted the importance of considering older ethnic immigrants' oral health and dental care from the perspectives of culture and family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Jang
- Edward R. Roybal Institute on Aging, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hyunwoo Yoon
- School of Social Work, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas
| | - Min-Kyoung Rhee
- Edward R. Roybal Institute on Aging, Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nan Sook Park
- School of Social Work, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - David A Chiriboga
- Department of Child and Family Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Miyong T Kim
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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11
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MacEntee MI, Wong ST, Chi I, Lo ECM, Minichiello V, Soheilipour S, Mariño R. Developmental regulation of lifelong dental experiences and beliefs in Guangzhou and Hong Kong. Gerodontology 2018; 36:18-29. [PMID: 30549089 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to explain through the life-course and life-span perspectives of developmental regulation theory the controls on dental experiences and beliefs throughout the lives of older people in Guangzhou and Hong Kong. BACKGROUND Dental diseases and disabilities among older people are serious public health concerns in China. METHODS A facilitator conducted eight focus groups, three in Hong Kong and five in Guangzhou, involving a total of 51 participants. She encouraged discussions about lifetime events to explain dental experiences and beliefs. Transcripts were coded and analysed using a constant comparative approach to identify themes that explained the regulators of dental experiences throughout the participants' lives. RESULTS Participants explained the influence of culture and history through critical events, and how external and internal factors regulated their current oral health status and beliefs. They emphasised the role of Traditional Chinese Medicine and family, and the stress of social upheaval compounded by a scarcity of dental services. They revealed also how current choice of dental services and health promotional programs, helped by personal food choice, self-reliance, and scepticism, helped them to adjust and cope with dental diseases and disabilities and the commercialisation of dental services. CONCLUSIONS Dental experiences and beliefs of older people living in Guangzhou and Hong Kong were regulated strongly during personal development by culture and history during critical events, and by various controlling factors, such as health promotion and choice of services supplemented by food choice, nutritional balance, self-reliance, scepticism and social adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I MacEntee
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sabrina T Wong
- School of Nursing, and Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Iris Chi
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Edward C M Lo
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Victor Minichiello
- School of Health, Faculty of the Professions, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shimae Soheilipour
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Oral Public Health, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rodrigo Mariño
- Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Goulart MDA, De Marchi RJ, Padilha DMP, Brondani MA, MacEntee MI. Beliefs about managing dental problems among older people and dental professionals in Southern Brazil. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2018; 47:171-176. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariél de Aquino Goulart
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Renato José De Marchi
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Dalva Maria P. Padilha
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Mario A. Brondani
- Faculty of Dentistry University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Michael I. MacEntee
- Faculty of Dentistry University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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13
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Shedlin MG, Birdsall SB, Northridge ME. Knowledge and behaviours related to oral health among underserved older adults. Gerodontology 2018; 35:339-349. [PMID: 30109895 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the mouth and body knowledge, beliefs and behaviours of Dominican, Puerto Rican and African American older adults, and their relationships to oral and general health and health care. BACKGROUND In his seminal framework, Handwerker posited that the norms, attitudes and behaviours related to the experience of disease and treatment reflect where patients live and have lived and are seeking and have sought care, along with their webs of social and health relations. This framework guides the analysis for the present study, wherein qualitative data are used to understand mouth and body knowledge, beliefs and behaviours among racial/ethnic minority older adults, ie, why individuals do what they do and what it means to them. MATERIALS AND METHODS Focus groups were conducted in Spanish or English with 194 racial/ethnic minority older adults living in northern Manhattan who participated in one of 24 focus group sessions about improving oral health. All groups were digitally audio-recorded, transcribed and translated into English from Spanish, where apt. Analysis involved the classification of evidence from all datasets, organised to identify patterns and relationships. RESULTS Four themes were manifest in the data regarding cultural understandings of the mouth, the body and health: (a) the ageing mouth and its components; (b) the mouth in relation to the body, health and disease; (c) social meanings of the mouth; and (d) care of the ageing mouth. CONCLUSION Underserved older adults from diverse cultural backgrounds understand the importance of their mouths to both their overall health and social lives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary E Northridge
- NYU Langone Dental Medicine - Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York.,Postdoctoral Residency Program, Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU School of Medicine, Brooklyn, New York
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Mariño RJ, Ghanim A, Barrow SL, Morgan MV. Cultural competence skills in a dental curriculum: A review. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2018; 22:e94-e100. [PMID: 28261942 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study aimed to analyse and evaluate the extent of transcultural content in the current curricula of the Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS), Bachelor of Oral Health (BOH) and Master of Nursing Science (MNSc) courses at the University of Melbourne. METHODS The study was conducted in two phases: a quantitative review and assessment of the current DDS, BOH and MNSc curricula at the University of Melbourne, and interviews with various staff from the University of Melbourne who were responsible for curriculum development for these courses. RESULTS Staff from the DDS, BOH and MNSc courses concurred on the importance of transcultural skills, the necessity of covering cultural issues relevant to the main ethnic groups in Australia, obstacles faced and the lack of evaluation methods for cultural competency. The nursing curriculum had the most extensive coverage of transcultural content throughout both years of the course (total 71 formal contact hours; mean 36 formal contact hours per year). In contrast, modules on transcultural skills were limited to the first two of the 3-year BOH course (54 hours; 18 hours) and only the first of the 4-year dental curriculum (40 hours; 10 hours). CONCLUSION The DDS course showed less time devoted to formal teaching of these concepts compared to the nursing and BOH courses despite showing a noticeable improvement from a previous assessment conducted in 2006. It is hoped that the DDS course continues to further increase the transcultural content and find ways to incorporate more transcultural education.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Mariño
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Ghanim
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S L Barrow
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M V Morgan
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Olerud E, Hagman-Gustavsson ML, Gabre P. Experience of dental care, knowledge and attitudes of older immigrants in Sweden-A qualitative study. Int J Dent Hyg 2017; 16:e103-e111. [PMID: 29210172 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Knowledge about the oral health and dental care habits of older immigrants is limited. The aim of this study was to explore dental service utilization, oral care habits, and attitudes to and knowledge about oral diseases and their prevention among older immigrants in Sweden. METHODS A qualitative research method was used, and data were collected in individual interviews to gain a deeper understanding of the immigrants' views. Thirteen immigrants, seven women and six men, recruited from meeting places for older immigrants, participated, all aged between 59 and 88 (median 72 years). Interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Eight interviews were carried out with the help of an authorized interpreter. RESULTS In the analytical process, performed using the content analysis method, meaning units were identified and condensed into codes which were labelled and grouped into subcategories and categories. The interview analysis resulted in four categories: Experiences of dental care, Attitudes, Barriers and Prevention of oral diseases. The elderly immigrants described a mix of regular and acute dental care and were often not satisfied with the outcome of the treatments. They stated that oral health was important and that they were responsible for their own teeth. Barriers to dental care were costs, language problems and lack of confidence in dental services. Daily oral hygiene routines were performed using a traditional chewing stick and/or regular toothbrush. CONCLUSION The participants stated that, despite the barriers to treatment described above, they valued good oral health and visited dental services when they needed to.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Olerud
- Public Dental Health, Uppsala County Council, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - P Gabre
- Public Dental Health, Uppsala County Council, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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Cao R, Stone TE, Petrini MA, Turale S. Nurses' perceptions of health beliefs and impact on teaching and practice: a Q-sort study. Int Nurs Rev 2017; 65:131-144. [PMID: 28833101 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To understand Chinese nurses' perceptions of health beliefs, their content, origin and the influence of sociocultural factors, as a basis of their evidence-based practice. This study contributes to a larger study to establish the health beliefs of Japanese, Australian, Chinese, South Korean and Thai nurses. BACKGROUND Registered nurses teach patients and students about maintaining or attaining health are subject to the same range of influences and their health beliefs may be antithetical to current health evidence. METHODS Q-method design using q-sort and interview was used to explore the perspectives on a range of health beliefs of 60 nurses in four cities in China. FINDINGS Three factors arose from the perceptions of the participants about health and accounted for 50.2% of the total variance: (1) social impact, (2) 'the importance of evidence', and (3) beliefs rooted in culture. DISCUSSION Influence on nurses' health beliefs was explored in terms of the internalized and frequently unconscious beliefs, values and norms tying them to their communities, reflecting the need for nurses to be aware of their health beliefs and behaviours. CONCLUSIONS Education for nurses in practice needs to acknowledge that individual practitioners' beliefs strongly influence health teaching for patients and families. In order to implement evidenced-based practice and teach in line with current evidence nurses need to critically examine and reflect on the impact of culture, society and the media on their own health beliefs. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY AND HEALTH POLICY Education policy needs to consider that culture and societal pressures affect nurses' health beliefs and practice. Critical thinking, reflective and evidence-based practice need to be emphasized in clinical training and nurse education. China also needs to develop policies to allow nurses to be able to assess the reliability of health information on the Internet and to make quality health research more available.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cao
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, China
| | - T E Stone
- Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - M A Petrini
- Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,HOPE School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - S Turale
- Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,International Nursing Review, International Council of Nurses, Geneva, Switzerland
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Jang Y, Yoon H, Park NS, Chiriboga DA. Oral Health and Dental Care in Older Asian Americans in Central Texas. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017; 65:1554-1558. [PMID: 28555729 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine factors associated with dental health insurance, self-rated oral health, and use of preventive dental care services in older Asian Americans. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING The Asian American Quality of Life Survey was conducted with 2,614 Asian Americans living in central Texas using questionnaires available in English and six Asian languages. PARTICIPANTS Asian American Quality of Life Survey participants aged 60 and older (N = 533; mean age = 69.4 ± 6.9). MEASUREMENTS Participants were asked whether they had insurance that covered the cost of any dental visit, how they would rate their overall oral health status, and whether they had visited a dental clinic for a routine examination in the past 12 months. Information was also collected on sociodemographic and immigration-related variables. RESULTS More than 61% of the sample had no dental health insurance, 45% reported that their oral health was fair or poor, and 44% had not used preventive dental care services. A series of logistic regression analyses identified factors posing a significant risk to oral health and dental care. For example, those with limited English proficiency were 3.5 times as likely to lack dental health insurance and 3.2 times as likely to rate their oral health as fair or poor. The odds of not using preventive dental care services were 6.4 times as great in those without dental health insurance. CONCLUSION The overall findings call attention to efforts to promote oral health and dental care in older Asian Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Jang
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Hyunwoo Yoon
- School of Social Work, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas
| | - Nan Sook Park
- School of Social Work, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - David A Chiriboga
- Department of Child and Family Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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18
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Olerud E, Hagman-Gustavsson ML, Gabre P. Oral health status in older immigrants in a medium-sized Swedish city. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2016; 36:328-334. [PMID: 27458173 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to investigate oral health and oral care habits among older immigrants to Sweden from countries outside the Nordic region. METHOD Participants ≥60 years of age from senior social centers for immigrants were invited to attend oral examinations. Data was collected on the number of teeth, dentures, caries, periodontal status, saliva secretion, and plaque scores. Participants also described their general health and oral care habits. RESULTS Fourteen men and 28 women, median age 71.5 years, participated. Seventeen percent were edentulous, women often than men. Three out of four had caries and 63% had gingival bleeding. Two-thirds brushed their teeth twice per day and 60% had visited dental services in the last 2 years. CONCLUSION The group had a high prevalence of oral diseases and discomfort. They used dental services and brushed their teeth less frequently than Swedish populations of the same age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Olerud
- Public Dental Health, Uppsala County Council, Sweden
| | | | - Pia Gabre
- Public Dental Health, Uppsala County Council, Sweden. .,Department of Cariology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrens, ka Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Donnelly LR, Clarke LH, Phinney A, MacEntee MI. The impact of oral health on body image and social interactions among elders in long-term care. Gerodontology 2015; 33:480-489. [PMID: 25664900 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore how social interactions and body image are influenced by perceived oral health among older people who live in long-term care facilities. BACKGROUND Social interactions among frail elders in long-term care (LTC) facilities are limited, but to what extent body image and oral health influence their social relations is poorly understood. A positive body image and the perception of adequate oral health are linked to increased social contacts, as well as improved health and well-being irrespective of age. However, as frailty increases, it is unclear whether appearance and oral health priorities remain stable. MATERIALS AND METHODS Open-ended interviews were conducted with a purposefully selected group of cognitively intact, older men and women who exhibited varying degrees of frailty, social engagement and oral health conditions and lived in one of seven long-term care facilities. The interviews were analysed using a constant comparative technique, and a second interview with participants checked the trustworthiness of the analysis. RESULTS Three major categories were expressed by the participants: (1) My mouth is fine; (2) It depends; and (3) Not that important. Within each category, there were several contributing and influencing factors. CONCLUSIONS Social interactions among residents in LTC may be negatively impacted by poor oral health, but only if other personal and social issues are less bothersome than conditions with the mouth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeann R Donnelly
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Laura Hurd Clarke
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alison Phinney
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael I MacEntee
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Rezaei M, Rashedi V, Khedmati Morasae E. A Persian version of Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index. Gerodontology 2014; 33:335-41. [DOI: 10.1111/ger.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rezaei
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences; Hamadan University of Medical Sciences & Health Services; Hamadan Iran
| | - Vahid Rashedi
- Iranian Research Center on Aging; University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Esmaeil Khedmati Morasae
- Qom University of Medical Sciences & Health Services; Qom Iran
- Center for Systems Studies; Hull University Business School; Hull University; Hull UK
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21
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Lo EC, Tan HP. Cultural challenges to oral healthcare implementation in elders. Gerodontology 2014; 31 Suppl 1:72-6. [DOI: 10.1111/ger.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward C.M. Lo
- Faculty of Dentistry; University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Hai P. Tan
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health; School of Dentistry; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide SA Australia
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