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Marwaha P, Ghanim A, Shankumar R. Risk indicators of dental caries among refugee patients attending a public dental service in Victoria. Aust Dent J 2021; 67:21-29. [PMID: 34499752 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the relationship between dental caries prevalence and the social risk factors of asylum seekers and refugees in Australia. METHODS An oral health interview and a clinical oral examination were carried out on 201 asylum seekers and refugees patients, aged 18-68, attending Monash Health Dental Services, Melbourne, Victoria. RESULTS Data illustrated that 82% of participants had at least one tooth with untreated decay. Tooth level analysis revealed that white spot lesions were most prevalent in age groups 18-29 and 30-39, with respective mean values of 4.45 ± 4.95 and 3.49 ± 4.74. Binary logistic regression models identified multiple social factors as a barrier to receiving dental care. These included, but were not limited to; medication intake, consumption of soft drinks and long waiting lists. These social factors in addition to oral health factors, such as white spot and hypomineralization lesions, were significant predisposing factors to the presence of cavitated carious lesions. CONCLUSIONS Multiple social and oral health risk factors were identified and significantly associated with dental caries among refugee and asylum seeker patients. Addressing these underlying risks is an integral component to reducing the prevalence of dental caries among this population group and improving their overall general and oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Marwaha
- Monash Health Dental Services, Monash Health, Dandenong, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Ghanim
- Monash Health Dental Services, Monash Health, Dandenong, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Shankumar
- Monash Health Dental Services, Monash Health, Dandenong, Victoria, Australia
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Gambetta-Tessini K, Mariño R, Ghanim A, Calache H, Manton DJ. Carious lesion severity and demarcated hypomineralized lesions of tooth enamel in schoolchildren from Melbourne, Australia. Aust Dent J 2018; 63:365-373. [PMID: 29876927 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental hypomineralized lesions of enamel (DHL) may represent a significant caries-risk factor. The aim of this study was to determine the association between carious lesion severity and DHL in 6- to 12-year-old schoolchildren from Melbourne, Australia. METHODS The sample was derived from randomly selected schools in inner Melbourne. A full dental examination was performed at the school. Socio-demographic data, caries experience (DMFT/dmft/ICDAS II) and the consequences of untreated carious lesions (PUFA/pufa) were measured. DHL, molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and hypomineralized second primary molar (HSPM) presence were assessed using the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. RESULTS Of the children examined (n = 327), 26.9% had DHL. The prevalence of MIH and HSPM was 14.7% and 8%, respectively. Almost 20% of children had severe carious lesions (ICDAS 5 & 6) in at least one permanent or primary tooth. Ordinal regression analyses indicated that DHL (OR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.35-3.49) and being born overseas (OR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.66-4.06) increased the likelihood of severe carious lesions. CONCLUSIONS One of four children had DHL. DHL-affected children had an increased likelihood of presenting untreated severe carious lesions compared with DHL-free children.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gambetta-Tessini
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - R Mariño
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Ghanim
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Calache
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - D J Manton
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Mariño RJ, Ghanim A, Barrow SL, Morgan MV. Cultural competence skills in a dental curriculum: A review. Eur J Dent Educ 2018; 22:e94-e100. [PMID: 28261942 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study aimed to analyse and evaluate the extent of transcultural content in the current curricula of the Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS), Bachelor of Oral Health (BOH) and Master of Nursing Science (MNSc) courses at the University of Melbourne. METHODS The study was conducted in two phases: a quantitative review and assessment of the current DDS, BOH and MNSc curricula at the University of Melbourne, and interviews with various staff from the University of Melbourne who were responsible for curriculum development for these courses. RESULTS Staff from the DDS, BOH and MNSc courses concurred on the importance of transcultural skills, the necessity of covering cultural issues relevant to the main ethnic groups in Australia, obstacles faced and the lack of evaluation methods for cultural competency. The nursing curriculum had the most extensive coverage of transcultural content throughout both years of the course (total 71 formal contact hours; mean 36 formal contact hours per year). In contrast, modules on transcultural skills were limited to the first two of the 3-year BOH course (54 hours; 18 hours) and only the first of the 4-year dental curriculum (40 hours; 10 hours). CONCLUSION The DDS course showed less time devoted to formal teaching of these concepts compared to the nursing and BOH courses despite showing a noticeable improvement from a previous assessment conducted in 2006. It is hoped that the DDS course continues to further increase the transcultural content and find ways to incorporate more transcultural education.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Mariño
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Ghanim
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S L Barrow
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M V Morgan
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Mariño R, Ghanim A, Morgan M, Barrow S. Cultural competency and communication skills of dental students: clinical supervisors' perceptions. Eur J Dent Educ 2017; 21:e101-e108. [PMID: 27418424 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explored clinical supervisor's (CS) views and experiences of dental students' cultural competence (CC) at the Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Australia. Additionally, this study explored CS insights into how CC could be taught. METHODS Semi-structured one-to-one interviews were organised with consenting CS. Interview topics included the following: the importance of CC, communication and rapport, the role of culture in oral health and the need for curriculum enhancement. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed to identify key areas using NVivo software. RESULTS A total of 12 CS participated in this study. CS acknowledged the importance of CC and felt that it was important for good patient management. CS's definition of CC focused primarily on language and communication skills. CS felt that dental students were generally able to manage culturally diverse patients. However, CS indicated that additional training in this area would be beneficial. Concerns were raised about the students' ability to establish good rapport and communication, with CS highlighting areas such as misuse of interpreters and use of jargon. CS felt that clinical experience, confidence and a positive attitude are effective tools for overcoming cultural barriers. Furthermore, some CS also felt that cultural competency was a skill that is learnt through experience. CONCLUSIONS For most CS, cultural competence was an important part of the clinician-patient exchange which would benefit from enhanced curriculum. They also highlighted areas where transcultural education could be improved. The majority of CS believed dental students managed culturally diverse patients well.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mariño
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - A Ghanim
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - M Morgan
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - S Barrow
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Owen ML, Ghanim A, Elsby D, Manton DJ. Hypomineralized second primary molars: prevalence, defect characteristics and relationship with dental caries in Melbourne preschool children. Aust Dent J 2017; 63:72-80. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ML Owen
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Tassie Kids Dental; Hobart; Tasmania Australia
| | - A Ghanim
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - D Elsby
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Royal Dental Hospital Melbourne; Carlton Victoria Australia
| | - DJ Manton
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Ghanim A, Silva MJ, Elfrink MEC, Lygidakis NA, Mariño RJ, Weerheijm KL, Manton DJ. Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) training manual for clinical field surveys and practice. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2017; 18:225-242. [DOI: 10.1007/s40368-017-0293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gambetta-Tessini K, Mariño R, Ghanim A, Calache H, Manton DJ. Knowledge, experience and perceptions regarding Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) amongst Australian and Chilean public oral health care practitioners. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:75. [PMID: 27539252 PMCID: PMC4991099 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) is a prevalent developmental defect of tooth enamel associated with a high burden of disease. The present study aimed to survey Australian and Chilean oral health care practitioners (OHCPs) working in public dental facilities and to compare their knowledge, clinical experience and perceptions about MIH. Findings would give insights about how current knowledge has penetrated into OHCPs working into the public systems. Methods A mixed-mode survey regarding MIH was carried out amongst Australian and Chilean OHCPs from the public sector. The survey required responses to questions regarding sociodemographics, clinical experience, perceptions, clinical management and preferences for further training. The level of knowledge regarding MIH was determined by Delphi methods for consensus. Data analysis utilised Chi-square, linear and logistic regression models using SPSS Ver. 22.0. Results The majority of respondents had observed MIH in their patients (88.6 %) and the level of knowledge regarding MIH was high in Australian participants (p = 0.03). Australian respondents felt more confident when diagnosing (OR 8.80, 95 % CI 2.49–31.16) and treating MIH-affected children (OR 4.56, 95 % CI 2.16–9.76) compared to Chilean respondents. Oral health therapists reported higher levels of confidence than Australian general dental practitioners when providing treatment to children with MIH (OR 7.53; 95 % CI 1.95–29.07). Conclusions Continuing to update clinical guidelines may help practitioners increase their understanding when diagnosing and treating MIH-affected children. Dissemination of information and awareness regarding MIH is necessary in public clinics, and in particular Chilean general dental practitioners should be alerted to these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gambetta-Tessini
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston St, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - R Mariño
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston St, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - A Ghanim
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston St, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - H Calache
- Faculty of Health, Centre of Population Health Research, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Melbourne, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - D J Manton
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston St, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Silva MJ, Alhowaish L, Ghanim A, Manton DJ. Knowledge and attitudes regarding molar incisor hypomineralisation amongst Saudi Arabian dental practitioners and dental students. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2016; 17:215-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s40368-016-0230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Taha NA, Ahmad MB, Ghanim A. Assessment of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate pulpotomy in mature permanent teeth with carious exposures. Int Endod J 2016; 50:117-125. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Taha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid Jordan
| | - M. B. Ahmad
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Jordan University of Science and Technology; Irbid Jordan
| | - A. Ghanim
- Melbourne Dental School; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Vic. Australia
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Ghanim A, Abd Allah F, Abd EL-AZIZ A. INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION’ S ON LONGEVITY AND FECUNDITY THE COCCINELLID PREDATORS, Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE). Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology 2014; 5:827-835. [DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2014.87996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Ghanim A, Bagheri R, Golkari A, Manton D. Molar-incisor hypomineralisation: a prevalence study amongst primary schoolchildren of Shiraz, Iran. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2013; 15:75-82. [PMID: 23860621 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-013-0067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) amongst primary schoolchildren of Shiraz, Iran, taking into account the possible influence of biographic and socio-demographic parameters. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A randomised cluster sample of 9- to 11-year-old children (N = 810) had their first permanent molars and incisors (index teeth) evaluated using the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry criteria for MIH. The examinations were conducted at schools by a calibrated examiner. Prevalence of MIH was assessed based on biographic and socio-demographic parameters including area of residency, school type, father's level of education, weight-for-age and height-for-age. RESULTS AND STATISTICS Of the children examined, 164/810 (20.2%) had MIH and 53.7% of them presented with MIH lesions in all first molars. Mild defects represented by demarcated yellow brown opacities comprised 35.5% of the total MIH lesions. The prevalence of MIH was significantly greater in girls, children with healthy body weight and height, those whose fathers did not have a tertiary education and from families of low socio-economic status. Regression analyses indicated that none of the biographic and socio-demographic variables represented a significant risk factor in the occurrence of MIH except for body weight. Obesity was negatively correlated to MIH (OR = 0.45; 95% CI 0.25-0.82). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of MIH in a group of Iranian children was 20.2%. Biographic and socio-demographic parameters appeared to have no significant correlation with MIH except body weight, which warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghanim
- Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,
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Abdel-Salam A, Ghanim A, Awadalla H. BIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES AND LIFE TABLE PARAMETERS OF Nephus includens (Kirsch) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) AS A NATURAL ENEMY OF MARGARODID MEALYBUGS IN EGYPT. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2010.86656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ghanim A, El-Naggar M, Abd El-Baky N, Abd El-Halim E. SURVEY THE NEUROPTEROUS PREDATORS AND THE RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF Chrysoperla carnea (STEPH.) AND Chrysopa septempunctata WESM. BY USING A LIGHT TRAP AT MANSOURA DISTRICT. Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology 2009; 34:1373-1384. [DOI: 10.21608/jppp.2019.122029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Abstract
The elderly have a high incidence of sleep complaints. A high incidence of sleep apnea (SA) and sleep-related periodic leg movements (PLMs) is also suspected. The relationship between the incidence and severity of SA and PLMs and sleep complaints has not, however, been determined in terms of symptomatology and physiologic abnormality. In a group of 46 community resident seniors (60 to 95 years old), the incidence of SA and PLMs was correlated with subjective sleep-wake complaints. Sixty-one percent of subjects had SA and/or PLMs. Apneas/hypopneas were associated with an average oxygen desaturation of less than 5% and an average change in heart rate of less than 10 beats per minute. While subjects with SA or PLMs had clear evidence of objective sleep disturbance, only one quarter of them admitted to any subjective sleep complaints or daytime sleepiness. Furthermore, severity of SA or PLMs failed to predict sleep-wake complaints, and vice versa. This study confirms that typically mild SA and PLMs are widespread in the elderly but tend not to be manifested in sleep-wake complaints and probably go untreated as a result. Further research is needed to determine any long-term medical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Mosko
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange 92668
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el-Sayed HI, Ghanim A, el Din AG, Sweden N, el-Sherif FA. Pancreatic dysfunction of female rats after subcutaneous administration of (nicotine) cigarette smoking residues. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1987; 17:169-78. [PMID: 3572058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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