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Wilson MT, Goldsworthy MR, Vallence AM, Fornito A, Rogasch NC. Finding synaptic couplings from a biophysical model of motor evoked potentials after theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain Res 2023; 1801:148205. [PMID: 36563834 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to use measured input-output (IO) data to identify the best fitting model for motor evoked potentials. METHODS We analyzed existing IO data before and after intermittent and continuous theta-burst stimulation (iTBS & cTBS) from a small group of subjects (18 for each). We fitted individual synaptic couplings and sensitivity parameters using variations of a biophysical model. A best performing model was selected and analyzed. RESULTS cTBS gives a broad reduction in MEPs for amplitudes larger than resting motor threshold (RMT). Close to threshold, iTBS gives strong potentiation. The model captures individual IO curves. There is no change to the population average synaptic weights post TBS but the change in excitatory-to-excitatory synaptic coupling is strongly correlated with the experimental post-TBS response relative to baseline. CONCLUSIONS The model describes population-averaged and individual IO curves, and their post-TBS change. Variation among individuals is accounted for with variation in synaptic couplings, and variation in sensitivity of neural response to stimulation. SIGNIFICANCE The best fitting model could be applied more broadly and validation studies could elucidate underlying biophysical meaning of parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus T Wilson
- Te Aka Mātuatua-School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | - Mitchell R Goldsworthy
- Lifespan Human Neurophysiology Group, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ann-Maree Vallence
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia; Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel C Rogasch
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia
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Suppa A, Asci F, Guerra A. Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a tool to induce and explore plasticity in humans. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:73-89. [PMID: 35034759 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity is the main theoretical framework to explain mechanisms of learning and memory. Synaptic plasticity can be explored experimentally in animals through various standardized protocols for eliciting long-term potentiation and long-term depression in hippocampal and cortical slices. In humans, several non-invasive protocols of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation have been designed and applied to probe synaptic plasticity in the primary motor cortex, as reflected by long-term changes in motor evoked potential amplitudes. These protocols mimic those normally used in animal studies for assessing long-term potentiation and long-term depression. In this chapter, we first discuss the physiologic basis of theta-burst stimulation, paired associative stimulation, and transcranial direct current stimulation. We describe the current biophysical and theoretical models underlying the molecular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and metaplasticity, defined as activity-dependent changes in neural functions that modulate subsequent synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), in the human motor cortex including calcium-dependent plasticity, spike-timing-dependent plasticity, the role of N-methyl-d-aspartate-related transmission and gamma-aminobutyric-acid interneuronal activity. We also review the putative microcircuits responsible for synaptic plasticity in the human motor cortex. We critically readdress the issue of variability in studies investigating synaptic plasticity and propose available solutions. Finally, we speculate about the utility of future studies with more advanced experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Suppa
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed Institute, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
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Griffiths JD, Bastiaens SP, Kaboodvand N. Whole-Brain Modelling: Past, Present, and Future. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1359:313-355. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89439-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shirinpour S, Hananeia N, Rosado J, Tran H, Galanis C, Vlachos A, Jedlicka P, Queisser G, Opitz A. Multi-scale modeling toolbox for single neuron and subcellular activity under Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Brain Stimul 2021; 14:1470-1482. [PMID: 34562659 PMCID: PMC8608742 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a widely used non-invasive brain stimulation method. However, its mechanism of action and the neural response to TMS are still poorly understood. Multi-scale modeling can complement experimental research to study the subcellular neural effects of TMS. At the macroscopic level, sophisticated numerical models exist to estimate the induced electric fields. However, multi-scale computational modeling approaches to predict TMS cellular and subcellular responses, crucial to understanding TMS plasticity inducing protocols, are not available so far. OBJECTIVE We develop an open-source multi-scale toolbox Neuron Modeling for TMS (NeMo-TMS) to address this problem. METHODS NeMo-TMS generates accurate neuron models from morphological reconstructions, couples them to the external electric fields induced by TMS, and simulates the cellular and subcellular responses of single-pulse and repetitive TMS. RESULTS We provide examples showing some of the capabilities of the toolbox. CONCLUSION NeMo-TMS toolbox allows researchers a previously not available level of detail and precision in realistically modeling the physical and physiological effects of TMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Shirinpour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
| | - Nicholas Hananeia
- Faculty of Medicine, ICAR3R - Interdisciplinary Centre for 3Rs in Animal Research, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - James Rosado
- Department of Mathematics, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Harry Tran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Christos Galanis
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center Brain Links Brain Tools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Basics in Neuromodulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Jedlicka
- Faculty of Medicine, ICAR3R - Interdisciplinary Centre for 3Rs in Animal Research, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Opitz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
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Wilson MT, Moezzi B, Rogasch NC. Modeling motor-evoked potentials from neural field simulations of transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 132:412-428. [PMID: 33450564 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a population-based biophysical model of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) following transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). METHODS We combined an existing MEP model with population-based cortical modeling. Layer 2/3 excitatory and inhibitory neural populations, modeled with neural-field theory, are stimulated with TMS and feed layer 5 corticospinal neurons, which also couple directly but weakly to the TMS pulse. The layer 5 output controls mean motoneuron responses, which generate a series of single motor-unit action potentials that are summed to estimate a MEP. RESULTS A MEP waveform was generated comparable to those observed experimentally. The model captured TMS phenomena including a sigmoidal input-output curve, common paired pulse effects (short interval intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation, long interval intracortical inhibition) including responses to pharmacological interventions, and a cortical silent period. Changes in MEP amplitude following theta burst paradigms were observed including variability in outcome direction. CONCLUSIONS The model reproduces effects seen in common TMS paradigms. SIGNIFICANCE The model allows population-based modeling of changes in cortical dynamics due to TMS protocols to be assessed in terms of changes in MEPs, thus allowing a clear comparison between population-based modeling predictions and typical experimental outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus T Wilson
- Te Aka Mātuatua-School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | - Bahar Moezzi
- Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences Laboratory, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, The University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Nigel C Rogasch
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia; Brain, Mind and Society Research Hub, The School of Psychologcial Sciences, The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Australia
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Wilson MT, Fulcher BD, Fung PK, Robinson P, Fornito A, Rogasch NC. Biophysical modeling of neural plasticity induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:1230-1241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Halawa I, Goldental A, Shirota Y, Kanter I, Paulus W. Less Might Be More: Conduction Failure as a Factor Possibly Limiting the Efficacy of Higher Frequencies in rTMS Protocols. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:358. [PMID: 29910706 PMCID: PMC5992401 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: rTMS has been proven effective in the treatment of neuropsychiatric conditions, with class A (definite efficacy) evidence for treatment of depression and pain (Lefaucheur et al., 2014). The efficacy in stimulation protocols is, however, quite heterogeneous. Saturation of neuronal firing by HFrTMS without allowing time for recovery may lead to neuronal response failures (NRFs) that compromise the efficacy of stimulation with higher frequencies. Objectives: To examine the efficacy of different rTMS temporal stimulation patterns focusing on a possible upper stimulation limit related to response failures. Protocol patterns were derived from published clinical studies on therapeutic rTMS for depression and pain. They were compared with conduction failures in cell cultures. Methodology: From 57 papers using protocols rated class A for depression and pain (Lefaucheur et al., 2014) we extracted Inter-train interval (ITI), average frequency, total duration and total number of pulses and plotted them against the percent improvement on the outcome scale. Specifically, we compared 10 Hz trains with ITIs of 8 s (protocol A) and 26 s (protocol B) in vitro on cultured cortical neurons. Results: In the in vitro experiments, protocol A with 8-s ITIs resulted in more frequent response failures, while practically no response failures occurred with protocol B (26-s intervals). The HFrTMS protocol analysis exhibited no significant effect of ITIs on protocol efficiency. Discussion: In the neuronal culture, longer ITIs appeared to allow the neuronal response to recover. In the available human dataset on both depression and chronic pain, data concerning shorter ITIs is does not allow a significant conclusion. Significance: NRF may interfere with the efficacy of rTMS stimulation protocols when the average stimulation frequency is too high, proposing ITIs as a variable in rTMS protocol efficacy. Clinical trials are necessary to examine effect of shorter ITIs on the clinical outcome in a controlled setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Halawa
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amir Goldental
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Yuichiro Shirota
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ido Kanter
- Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Gonda Interdisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Müller EJ, Robinson PA. Quantitative theory of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for the suppression of pathological rhythms in Parkinson's disease. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006217. [PMID: 29813060 PMCID: PMC5993558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is modeled to explore the mechanisms of this effective, but poorly understood, treatment for motor symptoms of drug-refractory Parkinson's disease and dystonia. First, a neural field model of the corticothalamic-basal ganglia (CTBG) system is developed that reproduces key clinical features of Parkinson's disease, including its characteristic 4-8 Hz and 13-30 Hz electrophysiological signatures. Deep brain stimulation of the STN is then modeled and shown to suppress the pathological 13-30 Hz (beta) activity for physiologically realistic and optimized stimulus parameters. This supports the idea that suppression of abnormally coherent activity in the CTBG system is a major factor in DBS therapy for Parkinson's disease, by permitting normal dynamics to resume. At high stimulus intensities, nonlinear effects in the target population mediate wave-wave interactions between resonant beta activity and the stimulus pulse train, leading to complex spectral structure that shows remarkable similarity to that seen in steady-state evoked potential experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli J. Müller
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Center for Integrative Brain Function, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter A. Robinson
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Center for Integrative Brain Function, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Cocchi L, Zalesky A. Personalized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Psychiatry. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:731-741. [PMID: 29571586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that allows for modulating the activity of local neural populations and related neural networks. TMS is touted as a viable intervention to normalize brain activity and alleviate some psychiatric symptoms. However, TMS interventions are known to be only moderately reliable, and the efficacy of such therapies remains to be proven for psychiatric disorders other than depression. We review new opportunities to personalize TMS interventions using neuroimaging and computational modeling, aiming to optimize treatment to suit particular individuals and clinical subgroups. Specifically, we consider the prospect of improving the efficacy of existing TMS interventions by parsing broad diagnostic categories into biologically and clinically homogeneous biotypes. Biotypes can provide distinct treatment targets for optimized TMS interventions. We further discuss the utility of computational models in refining TMS personalization and efficiently establishing optimal cortical targets for distinct biotypes. Personalizing cortical stimulation targets, treatment frequencies, and intensities can improve the therapeutic efficacy of TMS and potentially establish noninvasive brain stimulation as a viable treatment for psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cocchi
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Gökçe A, Avitabile D, Coombes S. The Dynamics of Neural Fields on Bounded Domains: An Interface Approach for Dirichlet Boundary Conditions. JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 7:12. [PMID: 29075933 PMCID: PMC5658324 DOI: 10.1186/s13408-017-0054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Continuum neural field equations model the large-scale spatio-temporal dynamics of interacting neurons on a cortical surface. They have been extensively studied, both analytically and numerically, on bounded as well as unbounded domains. Neural field models do not require the specification of boundary conditions. Relatively little attention has been paid to the imposition of neural activity on the boundary, or to its role in inducing patterned states. Here we redress this imbalance by studying neural field models of Amari type (posed on one- and two-dimensional bounded domains) with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The Amari model has a Heaviside nonlinearity that allows for a description of localised solutions of the neural field with an interface dynamics. We show how to generalise this reduced but exact description by deriving a normal velocity rule for an interface that encapsulates boundary effects. The linear stability analysis of localised states in the interface dynamics is used to understand how spatially extended patterns may develop in the absence and presence of boundary conditions. Theoretical results for pattern formation are shown to be in excellent agreement with simulations of the full neural field model. Furthermore, a numerical scheme for the interface dynamics is introduced and used to probe the way in which a Dirichlet boundary condition can limit the growth of labyrinthine structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aytül Gökçe
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Daniele Avitabile
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
| | - Stephen Coombes
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD UK
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Gollo LL, Roberts JA, Cocchi L. Mapping how local perturbations influence systems-level brain dynamics. Neuroimage 2017; 160:97-112. [PMID: 28126550 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain exhibits a distinct spatiotemporal organization that supports brain function and can be manipulated via local brain stimulation. Such perturbations to local cortical dynamics are globally integrated by distinct neural systems. However, it remains unclear how local changes in neural activity affect large-scale system dynamics. Here, we briefly review empirical and computational studies addressing how localized perturbations affect brain activity. We then systematically analyze a model of large-scale brain dynamics, assessing how localized changes in brain activity at the different sites affect whole-brain dynamics. We find that local stimulation induces changes in brain activity that can be summarized by relatively smooth tuning curves, which relate a region's effectiveness as a stimulation site to its position within the cortical hierarchy. Our results also support the notion that brain hubs, operating in a slower regime, are more resilient to focal perturbations and critically contribute to maintain stability in global brain dynamics. In contrast, perturbations of peripheral regions, characterized by faster activity, have greater impact on functional connectivity. As a parallel with this region-level result, we also find that peripheral systems such as the visual and sensorimotor networks were more affected by local perturbations than high-level systems such as the cingulo-opercular network. Our findings highlight the importance of a periphery-to-core hierarchy to determine the effect of local stimulation on the brain network. This study also provides novel resources to orient empirical work aiming at manipulating functional connectivity using non-invasive brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James A Roberts
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Luca Cocchi
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
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Matheson NA, Shemmell JBH, De Ridder D, Reynolds JNJ. Understanding the Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Neuronal Circuits. Front Neural Circuits 2016; 10:67. [PMID: 27601980 PMCID: PMC4993761 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Matheson
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research NZ, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jon B H Shemmell
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Brain Research NZ, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dirk De Ridder
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, Brain Research NZ, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John N J Reynolds
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research NZ, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
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