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Probing Serum Albumins and Cyclodextrins as Binders of the Mycotoxin Metabolites Alternariol-3-Glucoside, Alternariol-9-Monomethylether-3-Glucoside, and Zearalenone-14-Glucuronide. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030446. [PMID: 36984886 PMCID: PMC10059066 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites of molds. Chronic exposure to alternariol, zearalenone, and their metabolites may cause the development of endocrine-disrupting and carcinogenic effects. Alternariol-3-glucoside (AG) and alternariol-9-monomethylether-3-glucoside (AMG) are masked derivatives of alternariol. Furthermore, in mammals, zearalenone-14-glucuronide (Z14Glr) is one of the most dominant metabolites of zearalenone. In this study, we examined serum albumins and cyclodextrins (CDs) as potential binders of AG, AMG, and Z14Glr. The most important results/conclusions were as follows: AG and AMG formed moderately strong complexes with human, bovine, porcine, and rat albumins. Rat albumin bound Z14Glr approximately 4.5-fold stronger than human albumin. AG–albumin and Z14Glr–albumin interactions were barely influenced by the environmental pH, while the formation of AMG–albumin complexes was strongly favored by alkaline conditions. Among the mycotoxin–CD complexes examined, AMG–sugammadex interaction proved to be the most stable. CD bead polymers decreased the mycotoxin content of aqueous solutions, with moderate removal of AG and AMG, while weak extraction of Z14Glr was observed. In conclusion, rat albumin is a relatively strong binder of Z14Glr, and albumin can form highly stable complexes with AMG at pH 8.5. Therefore, albumins can be considered as affinity proteins with regard to the latter mycotoxin metabolites.
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2
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Fliszár-Nyúl E, Bock I, Csepregi R, Szente L, Szabó I, Csenki Z, Poór M. Testing the protective effects of cyclodextrins vs. alternariol-induced acute toxicity in HeLa cells and in zebrafish embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:103965. [PMID: 36031178 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alternariol (AOH) is a mycotoxin produced by Alternaria fungi, it appears as a contaminant in tomatoes, grains, and grapes. The chronic exposure to AOH may cause carcinogenic and xenoestrogenic effects. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides, they form host-guest complexes with apolar molecules. In this study, the interactions of AOH with CD monomers and polymers were examined employing fluorescence spectroscopy. Thereafter, the protective effects of certain CDs vs. AOH-induced toxicity were investigated on HeLa cells and on zebrafish embryos. Our major observations are the following: (1) Sugammadex forms highly stable complex with AOH (K = 4.8 ×104 L/mol). (2) Sugammadex abolished the AOH-induced toxicity in HeLa cells, while native β-CD did not show relevant protective effect. (3) Each CD tested decreased the AOH-induced mortality and sublethal adverse effects in zebrafish embryos: Interestingly, native β-CD showed the strongest protective impact in this model. (4) CD technology may be suitable to relieve AOH-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Fliszár-Nyúl
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, Pécs H-7624, Hungary; Food Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Illés Bock
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő H-2100, Hungary.
| | - Rita Csepregi
- Lab-on-a-Chip Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs H-7624, Hungary; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 13, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
| | - Lajos Szente
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory, Ltd., Illatos út 7, Budapest H-1097, Hungary.
| | - István Szabó
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő H-2100, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Csenki
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő H-2100, Hungary.
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, Pécs H-7624, Hungary; Food Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
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3
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Mohos V, Faisal Z, Fliszár-Nyúl E, Szente L, Poór M. Testing the extraction of 12 mycotoxins from aqueous solutions by insoluble beta-cyclodextrin bead polymer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:210-221. [PMID: 34322792 PMCID: PMC8724181 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites of filamentous fungi; they are common contaminants in numerous foods and beverages. Cyclodextrins are ring-shaped oligosaccharides, which can form host-guest type complexes with certain mycotoxins. Insoluble beta-cyclodextrin bead polymer (BBP) extracted successfully some mycotoxins (e.g., alternariol and zearalenone) from aqueous solutions, including beverages. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the ability of BBP to remove other 12 mycotoxins (including aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin M1, citrinin, dihydrocitrinone, cyclopiazonic acid, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A, patulin, sterigmatocystin, zearalanone, α-zearalanol, and β-zearalanol) from different buffers (pH 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0). Our results showed that BBP can effectively extract citrinin, dihydrocitrinone, sterigmatocystin, zearalanone, α-zearalanol, and β-zearalanol at each pH tested. However, for the removal of ochratoxin A, BBP was far the most effective at pH 3.0. Based on these observations, BBP may be a suitable mycotoxin binder to extract certain mycotoxins from aqueous solutions for decontamination and/or for analytical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Mohos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, Pécs, H-7624 Hungary
- Food Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, H-7624 Hungary
| | - Zelma Faisal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, Pécs, H-7624 Hungary
- Food Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, H-7624 Hungary
| | - Eszter Fliszár-Nyúl
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, Pécs, H-7624 Hungary
- Food Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, H-7624 Hungary
| | - Lajos Szente
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory, Ltd., Illatos út 7, Budapest, H-1097 Hungary
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, Pécs, H-7624 Hungary
- Food Biotechnology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, Pécs, H-7624 Hungary
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4
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Main Applications of Cyclodextrins in the Food Industry as the Compounds of Choice to Form Host-Guest Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031339. [PMID: 33572788 PMCID: PMC7866268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are cyclic oligomers broadly used in food manufacturing as food additives for different purposes, e.g., to improve sensorial qualities, shelf life, and sequestration of components. In this review, the latest advancements of their applications along with the characteristics of the uses of the different CDs (α, β, γ and their derivatives) were reviewed. Their beneficial effects can be achieved by mixing small amounts of CDs with the target material to be stabilized. Essentially, they have the capacity to form stable inclusion complexes with sensitive lipophilic nutrients and constituents of flavor and taste. Their toxicity has been also studied, showing that CDs are innocuous in oral administration. A review of the current legislation was also carried out, showing a general trend towards a wider acceptance of CDs as food additives. Suitable and cost-effective procedures for the manufacture of CDs have progressed, and nowadays it is possible to obtain realistic prices and used them in foods. Therefore, CDs have a promising future due to consumer demand for healthy and functional products.
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Fliszár-Nyúl E, Lemli B, Kunsági-Máté S, Szente L, Poór M. Interactions of Mycotoxin Alternariol with Cyclodextrins and its Removal from Aqueous Solution by Beta-Cyclodextrin Bead Polymer. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090428. [PMID: 31480370 PMCID: PMC6769471 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternariol is an Alternaria mycotoxin that appears in fruits, tomatoes, oilseeds, and corresponding products. Chronic exposure to it can induce carcinogenic and xenoestrogenic effects. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are ring-shaped molecules built up by glucose units, which form host–guest type complexes with some mycotoxins. Furthermore, insoluble CD polymers seem suitable for the extraction/removal of mycotoxins from aqueous solutions. In this study, the interactions of alternariol with β- and γ-CDs were tested by employing fluorescence spectroscopic and modeling studies. Moreover, the removal of alternariol from aqueous solutions by insoluble β-CD bead polymer (BBP) was examined. Our major observations/conclusions are the following: (1) CDs strongly increased the fluorescence of alternariol, the strongest enhancement was induced by the native γ-CD at pH 7.4. (2) Alternariol formed the most stable complexes with the native γ-CD (logK = 3.2) and the quaternary ammonium derivatives (logK = 3.4–3.6) at acidic/physiological pH and at pH 10.0, respectively. (3) BBP effectively removed alternariol from aqueous solution. (4) The alternariol-binding ability of β-CD polymers was significantly higher than was expected based on their β-CD content. (5) CD technology seems a promising tool to improve the fluorescence detection of alternariol and/or to develop new mycotoxin binders to decrease alternariol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Fliszár-Nyúl
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7642 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7642 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Beáta Lemli
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7642 Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7642 Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lajos Szente
- Cyclolab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory, Ltd., H-1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, H-7642 Pécs, Hungary.
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7642 Pécs, Hungary.
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6
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Cagnasso I, Tonachini G, Berto S, Giacomino A, Mandrile L, Maranzana A, Durbiano F. Comprehensive study on the degradation of ochratoxin A in water by spectroscopic techniques and DFT calculations. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19844-19854. [PMID: 35519402 PMCID: PMC9065388 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most important dietary risk factors and is classified as a possible carcinogen to humans. Assessing the conditions to remove it from foodstuffs in a simple and effective way is of the utmost importance. OTA behaviour in water in the pH range 1.0-12.5 was elucidated to investigate the conditions for irreversible toxicity inactivation of OTA. The results indicate that four forms, from neutral to trianionic, intervene depending on the pH. pK a1,2 were rigorously established by independent spectroscopic techniques to overcome the scarcity of literature. Then, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were used to determine the most probable degradation mechanism and this was confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy. At pH 12.5, hydrolyzation of the lactone ring starts in less than one hour, but only after two hours does the degradation process lead to fragmentation. After one week this process is not yet completed. The reaction products occurring upon re-acidification were also investigated. OTA degradation is still reversible if acidic conditions are promptly restored, yielding again a hazardous molecule. However, degradation becomes irreversible after fragmentation. This finding suggests proceeding with due caution if a base is exploited to remove the toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Cagnasso
- Metrology for Quality of Life Division, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica Strada Delle Cacce 91 10135 Torino Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Torino Italy
| | - Glauco Tonachini
- Chemistry Department, Università di Torino Via Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Silvia Berto
- Chemistry Department, Università di Torino Via Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Agnese Giacomino
- Drug Science and Technology Department, Università di Torino Via Giuria 9 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Luisa Mandrile
- Metrology for Quality of Life Division, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica Strada Delle Cacce 91 10135 Torino Italy
| | - Andrea Maranzana
- Chemistry Department, Università di Torino Via Giuria 7 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Francesca Durbiano
- Metrology for Quality of Life Division, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica Strada Delle Cacce 91 10135 Torino Italy
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7
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Faisal Z, Kunsági-Máté S, Lemli B, Szente L, Bergmann D, Humpf HU, Poór M. Interaction of Dihydrocitrinone with Native and Chemically Modified Cyclodextrins. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071328. [PMID: 30987312 PMCID: PMC6479545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrinin (CIT) is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus genera. It appears as a contaminant in grains, fruits, and spices. After oral exposure to CIT, its major urinary metabolite, dihydrocitrinone (DHC) is formed, which can be detected in human urine and blood samples. Cyclodextrins (CDs) are ring-shaped molecules built up from glucose units. CDs can form host-guest type complexes with several compounds, including mycotoxins. In this study, the complex formation of DHC with native and chemically modified beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins was tested at a wide pH range, employing steady-state fluorescence spectroscopic and modeling studies. The weakly acidic environment favors the formation of DHC-CD complexes. Among the CDs tested, the quaternary-ammonium-γ-cyclodextrin (QAGCD) formed the most stable complexes with DHC. However, the quaternary-ammonium-β-cyclodextrin (QABCD) induced the strongest enhancement in the fluorescence signal of DHC. Our results show that some of the chemically modified CDs are able to form stable complexes with DHC (logK = 3.2–3.4) and the complex formation can produce even a 20-fold increase in the fluorescence signal of DHC. Considering the above-listed observations, CD technology may be a promising tool to increase the sensitivity of the fluorescence detection of DHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelma Faisal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Beáta Lemli
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Lajos Szente
- CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory, Ltd., Illatos út 7, 1097 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Dominik Bergmann
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 45, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Miklós Poór
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
- János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, 7624 Pécs, Hungary.
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8
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Fenyvesi É, Vikmon M, Szente L. Cyclodextrins in Food Technology and Human Nutrition: Benefits and Limitations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:1981-2004. [PMID: 25764389 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.809513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are tasteless, odorless, nondigestible, noncaloric, noncariogenic saccharides, which reduce the digestion of carbohydrates and lipids. They have low glycemic index and decrease the glycemic index of the food. They are either non- or only partly digestible by the enzymes of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract and fermented by the gut microflora. Based on these properties, cyclodextrins are dietary fibers useful for controlling the body weight and blood lipid profile. They are prebiotics, improve the intestinal microflora by selective proliferation of bifidobacteria. These antiobesity and anti-diabetic effects make them bioactive food supplements and nutraceuticals. In this review, these features are evaluated for α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins, which are the cyclodextrin variants approved by authorities for food applications. The mechanisms behind these effects are reviewed together with the applications as solubilizers, stabilizers of dietary lipids, such as unsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, vitamins, flavonoids, carotenoids and other nutraceuticals. The recent applications of cyclodextrins for reducing unwanted components, such as trans-fats, allergens, mycotoxins, acrylamides, bitter compounds, as well as in smart active packaging of foods are also overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- É Fenyvesi
- a CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory, Ltd. , Budapest , Hungary
| | - M Vikmon
- a CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory, Ltd. , Budapest , Hungary
| | - L Szente
- a CycloLab Cyclodextrin Research & Development Laboratory, Ltd. , Budapest , Hungary
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9
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Dahal S, Lee HJ, Gu K, Ryu D. Heat Stability of Ochratoxin A in an Aqueous Buffered Model System. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1748-1752. [PMID: 28221848 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) represents one of the most widespread mycotoxins in agricultural commodities in the world and is considered a possible human carcinogen with its potent nephrotoxicity. OTA is stable under most food processing conditions; however, higher-temperature treatment may reduce OTA content in foods. Since OTA can be found in processed products destined for both human and animal consumption, factors affecting its stability or reduction during thermal processes were investigated here. The reduction of OTA was measured during various heating times (up to 60 min) at different temperatures (100, 125, 150, 175, and 200°C) in aqueous buffer solutions at different pHs (pH 4, 7, and 10). Quantification of OTA was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The results showed that the rate and extent of OTA reduction were dependent on pH, processing time, and temperature; greater than 90% OTA reduction was achieved at 200°C for all treatments except pH 4. After processing under an alkaline condition (pH 10) at 100°C for 60 min, about 50% of the OTA was lost, while after 60 min under neutral and acidic conditions at 100°C, significant reductions of OTA were not shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samjhana Dahal
- School of Food Science, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2312, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2312, USA
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- School of Food Science, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2312, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2312, USA
| | - Kejia Gu
- School of Food Science, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2312, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2312, USA.,Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Dojin Ryu
- School of Food Science, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive MS 2312, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2312, USA
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Poór M, Kunsági-Máté S, Szente L, Matisz G, Secenji G, Czibulya Z, Kőszegi T. Interaction of ochratoxin A with quaternary ammonium beta-cyclodextrin. Food Chem 2015; 172:143-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Li T, Kim BB, Ha TH, Shin YB, Kim MG. The effects of pH and surfactants on the absorption and fluorescence properties of ochratoxin A and zearalenone. LUMINESCENCE 2015; 30:1106-11. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taihua Li
- Department of School of Physics and Chemistry; Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST); 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro Gwangju 500-712 Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Bae Kim
- Biomedical Translational Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB); 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-806 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Ha
- Biomedical Translational Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB); 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-806 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Shin
- Biomedical Translational Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB); 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-806 Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gon Kim
- Department of School of Physics and Chemistry; Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST); 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro Gwangju 500-712 Republic of Korea
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute; Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST); 261 Cheomdan-gwagiro Gwangju 500-712 Republic of Korea
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12
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Physico-Chemical Investigation on the Interaction Between Ochratoxin A and Heptakis-2,6-di-O-Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin. J SOLUTION CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-014-0214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Bazin I, Faucet-Marquis V, Monje MC, El Khoury M, Marty JL, Pfohl-Leszkowicz A. Impact of pH on the stability and the cross-reactivity of ochratoxin A and citrinin. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:2324-40. [PMID: 24287570 PMCID: PMC3873688 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5122324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by several fungi contaminating crops. In several countries, the maximum permitted levels of mycotoxins are found in foodstuffs and feedstuffs. The common strategy of mycotoxin analysis involves extraction, clean-up and quantification by chromatography. In this paper, we analyzed the reasons of underestimation of ochratoxin A (OTA) content in wine, and overestimation of OTA in wheat, depending on the pH of the clean-up step and the simultaneous presence of citrinin (CIT). We demonstrated that the increase of pH by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG) to wine led to an underestimation of OTA by conversion of OTA into open ring ochratoxin A OP-OA. In comparing three methods of extraction and clean-up for the determination of OTA and CIT in wheat--(i) an inter-laboratory validated method for OTA in cereals using immunoaffinity column clean-up (IAC) and extraction by acetonitrile/water; (ii) a validated method using IAC and extraction with 1% bicarbonate Na; and (iii) an in-house validated method based on acid liquid/liquid extraction--we observed an overestimation of OTA after immunoaffinity clean-up when CIT is also present in the sample, whereas an underestimation was observed when OTA was alone. Under neutral and alkaline conditions, CIT was partially recognized by OTA antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Bazin
- Ecole des mines d’Ales, 6 av de Clavieres, 30100 Ales Cedex, France; E-Mail:
| | - Virginie Faucet-Marquis
- Laboratory Chemical Engineering, Department Bioprocess & Microbial System, University of Toulouse, UMR CNRS/INPT/UPS 5503, 1 Avenue Agrobiopole, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France; E-Mails: (V.F.-M.); (M.-C.M.)
- Anabiotox 16 allée Montcalm, 31500 Ramonville, France
| | - Marie-Carmen Monje
- Laboratory Chemical Engineering, Department Bioprocess & Microbial System, University of Toulouse, UMR CNRS/INPT/UPS 5503, 1 Avenue Agrobiopole, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France; E-Mails: (V.F.-M.); (M.-C.M.)
| | - Micheline El Khoury
- Ecole des mines d’Ales, 6 av de Clavieres, 30100 Ales Cedex, France; E-Mail:
| | - Jean-Louis Marty
- Laboratory IMAGES, University of Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan Cedex, France; E-Mail:
| | - Annie Pfohl-Leszkowicz
- Laboratory Chemical Engineering, Department Bioprocess & Microbial System, University of Toulouse, UMR CNRS/INPT/UPS 5503, 1 Avenue Agrobiopole, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France; E-Mails: (V.F.-M.); (M.-C.M.)
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Prelle A, Spadaro D, Denca A, Garibaldi A, Gullino ML. Comparison of clean-up methods for ochratoxin A on wine, beer, roasted coffee and chili commercialized in Italy. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:1827-44. [PMID: 24152987 PMCID: PMC3813914 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5101827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common technique used to detect ochratoxin A (OTA) in food matrices is based on extraction, clean-up, and chromatography detection. Different clean-up cartridges, such as immunoaffinity columns (IAC), molecular imprinting polymers (MIP), Mycosep™ 229, Mycospin™, and Oasis® HLB (Hydrophilic Lipophilic balance) as solid phase extraction were tested to optimize the purification for red wine, beer, roasted coffee and chili. Recovery, reproducibility, reproducibility, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were calculated for each clean-up method. IAC demonstrated to be suitable for OTA analysis in wine and beer with recovery rate >90%, as well as Mycosep™ for wine and chili. On the contrary, MIP columns were the most appropriate to clean up coffee. A total of 120 samples (30 wines, 30 beers, 30 roasted coffee, 30 chili) marketed in Italy were analyzed, by applying the developed clean-up methods. Twenty-seven out of 120 samples analyzed (22.7%: two wines, five beers, eight coffees, and 12 chili) resulted positive to OTA. A higher incidence of OTA was found in chili (40.0%) more than wine (6.6%), beers (16.6%) and coffee (26.6%). Moreover, OTA concentration in chili was the highest detected, reaching 47.8 µg/kg. Furthermore, three samples (2.5%), two wines and one chili, exceeded the European threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Prelle
- Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-environmental Sector (AGROINNOVA), University of Turin, Grugliasco (TO) 10095, Italy.
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Biancardi A, Piro R, Galaverna G, Dall'Asta C. A simple and reliable liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of ochratoxin A in hard cheese. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 64:632-40. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.763911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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16
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Interactions between cyclodextrins and fluorescent T-2 and HT-2 toxin derivatives: a physico-chemical study. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-012-0130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Sorption of ochratoxin A from aqueous solutions using β-cyclodextrin-polyurethane polymer. Toxins (Basel) 2012; 4:98-109. [PMID: 22474569 PMCID: PMC3317110 DOI: 10.3390/toxins4020098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of a cyclodextrin-polyurethane polymer to remove ochratoxin A from aqueous solutions was examined by batch rebinding assays. The results from the aqueous binding studies were fit to two parameter models to gain insight into the interaction of ochratoxin A with the nanosponge material. The ochratoxin A sorption data fit well to the heterogeneous Freundlich isotherm model. The polymer was less effective at binding ochratoxin A in high pH buffer (9.5) under conditions where ochratoxin A exists predominantly in the dianionic state. Batch rebinding assays in red wine indicate the polymer is able to remove significant levels of ochratoxin A from spiked solutions between 1–10 μg·L−1. These results suggest cyclodextrin nanosponge materials are suitable to reduce levels of ochratoxin A from spiked aqueous solutions and red wine samples.
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18
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Li T, Jo EJ, Kim MG. A label-free fluorescence immunoassay system for the sensitive detection of the mycotoxin, ochratoxin A. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:2304-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc17088d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Pérez-Cruz F, Jullian C, Rodriguez J, Arán VJ, Olea-Azar C. Molecular encapsulation of 5-nitroindazole derivatives in 2,6-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin: Electrochemical and spectroscopic studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:4604-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Hashemi J, Alizadeh N. Investigation of solvent effect and cyclodextrins on fluorescence properties of ochratoxin A. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 73:121-126. [PMID: 19261540 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence properties of ochratoxin A (OTA) solutions depend on the pH, solvent polarity and can be influenced by the presence of cyclodextrins (CDs). In this work, the effect of b-cyclodextrin (b-CD) and heptakis-2,6-dimethyl-o-b-cyclodextrin (ome-CD), on fluorescence properties of OTA in aqueous solutions has been investigated by means of steady-state fluorescence at different pHs (range 2-10). Binding constants of OTA/CDs inclusion complexes have been determined by applying by non-linear regression analysis. A 1:1 stoichiometry of OTA/CDs complexes has been observed at all tested pHs. The use of ome-CD generally resulted in the greatest fluorescence intensity. The effects of solvent and pH on the positions of lambdamax (excitation) and lambdamax (emission) of OTA was determined. Correlations between the excitation and emission wavelength of OTA (monoanion and dianionic forms) and the solvent parameters were analysed with Lippert-Mataga plots. Results show that the peak position is affected mainly by specific and non-specific types of interactions between the solvent and solute. The fluorescence quenching of OTA by chloroform (aprotic) and water (protic) were studied in methanol as solvent at room temperature. The quenching was found to be appreciable and a non-linear curve with downward curvature was obtained in the Stern-Volmer (SV) plot for the water in the concentration range studied. The quenching efficiency is related to hydrogen bond-donating capacity of the quencher molecule. It was inferred that non-linearity can be attributed to fractional accessibility of fluorophore to quencher. The quenching constant was calculated from the modified SV equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Beta-cyclodextrin complexes with chlorogenic and caffeic acids from coffee brew: Spectroscopic, thermodynamic and molecular modelling study. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Recent advances in the development of novel materials for mycotoxin analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:1205-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Cozzini P, Ingletto G, Singh R, Dall’Asta C. Mycotoxin detection plays "cops and robbers": cyclodextrin chemosensors as specialized police? Int J Mol Sci 2008; 9:2474-2494. [PMID: 19330087 PMCID: PMC2635654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9122474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As in a cops and robbers play we discover new mycotoxins and metabolites everyday and we are forced to develop new molecules quickly as chemo- or biosensors or to modify existing molecules able to recognize these new hazardous compounds. This will result in an enormous cost saving to agro-food industry through the prevention and reduction of product recalls and reduced treatment costs. Here we present a brief review of the rapid methods used to detect mycotoxins, considering usefulness and limits. Then we propose a new fast, efficient and cheap methodology, based on a combination of computer chemistry aided design and fluorescence, that can help to drive synthesis in a more efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Cozzini
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Parma, Via G.P. Usberti 17/A 43100, Parma, Italy. E-Mails:
(G. I.);
(R. S.)
- INBB, National Institute for Biostructures and Biosystems, Viale Medaglie d’oro 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Ingletto
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Parma, Via G.P. Usberti 17/A 43100, Parma, Italy. E-Mails:
(G. I.);
(R. S.)
| | - Ratna Singh
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Parma, Via G.P. Usberti 17/A 43100, Parma, Italy. E-Mails:
(G. I.);
(R. S.)
| | - Chiara Dall’Asta
- Department of Organic and Industrial Chemistry, University of Parma, Via G.P. Usberti 17/A 43100, Parma, Italy. E-Mail:
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Maragos CM, Appell M, Lippolis V, Visconti A, Catucci L, Pascale M. Use of cyclodextrins as modifiers of fluorescence in the detection of mycotoxins. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2008; 25:164-71. [PMID: 18286406 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701564555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins, cyclic oligosaccharides composed of amylose subunits, are known to interact with mycotoxins. The interactions may be useful to analytical chemists by altering the properties of the mycotoxin of interest, namely the chromatographic properties, electrophoretic properties, fluorescence, or absorption of these fungal metabolites. Practical applications of these effects have been the incorporation of cyclodextrins into high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis methods for mycotoxin detection. Specific mycotoxins include those with a native fluorescence such as the aflatoxins, ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEN) as well as those that can be rendered fluorescent through derivatization, such as T-2 toxin. The literature describing the applications of cyclodextrins in mycotoxin analysis is reviewed and an attempt to extend the use of cyclodextrins to the detection of labelled T-2 toxin is presented. Twenty cyclodextrins were evaluated for their ability to enhance the fluorescence emission of T-2 toxin derivatized with pyrene-1-carbonyl cyanide (T2-Pyr). This evaluation revealed that heptakis (2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (DIMEB), in particular, enhanced T2-Pyr fluorescence. DIMEB was used as a buffer modifier in a capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) method for detecting T-2 in maize. Because of the effects that certain cyclodextrins have, especially under aqueous conditions, they may make useful additives for a variety of mycotoxin analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Maragos
- Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA-ARS-NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
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