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Rahyussalim AJ, Aprilya D, Handidwiono R, Whulanza Y, Ramahdita G, Kurniawati T. The Use of 3D Polylactic Acid Scaffolds with Hydroxyapatite/Alginate Composite Injection and Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Laminoplasty Spacers in Rabbits. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163292. [PMID: 36015548 PMCID: PMC9416571 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of laminoplasty spacer have been used to fill bone gaps and maintain a widened canal. A 3D scaffold can be used as an alternative spacer to minimize the risk observed in allografts or autografts. This study aims to evaluate the in vivo biocompatibility and tissue−scaffold integration of a polylactic acid (PLA) scaffold with the addition of alginate/hydroxyapatite (HA) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSc) injections. This is an experimental study with a pretest and post-test control group design. A total of 15 laminoplasty rabbit models were divided into five groups with variations in the autograft, PLA, HA/alginate, and MSc scaffold. In general, there were no signs of inflammation in most samples (47%), and there were no samples with areas of necrosis. There were no significant differences in the histopathological results and microstructural assessment between the five groups. This demonstrates that the synthetic scaffolds that we used had a similar tissue reaction and tissue integration profile as the autograft (p > 0.05). We recommend further translational studies in humans so that this biocompatible fabricated scaffold can be used to fill bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jabir Rahyussalim
- Department of Orthopaedic & Traumatology, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Dina Aprilya
- Department of Orthopaedic & Traumatology, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Raden Handidwiono
- Department of Orthopaedic & Traumatology, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Yudan Whulanza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Ghiska Ramahdita
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Tri Kurniawati
- Stem Cell Medical Technology Integrated Service Unit, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
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Abdelbasset WK, Jasim SA, Bokov DO, Shalaby MN, Opulencia MJC, Thangavelu L, Alkadir OKA, Ansari MJ, Kzar HH, Al-Gazally ME. Polysaccharides, as biological macromolecule-based platforms in skeletal muscle tissue engineering: a systematic review. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2090940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Sheikh Zayed City, Egypt
| | | | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamzah H. Kzar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Al Qasim Green University, Iraq
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Palanisamy CP, Cui B, Zhang H, Jayaraman S, Kodiveri Muthukaliannan G. A Comprehensive Review on Corn Starch-Based Nanomaterials: Properties, Simulations, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092161. [PMID: 32971849 PMCID: PMC7570270 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the major food crops, and it is considered to be a very distinctive plant, since it is able to produce a large amount of the natural polymer of starch through its capacity to utilize large amounts of sunlight. Corn starch is used in a wide range of products and applications. In recent years, the use of nanotechnology for applications in the food industry has become more apparent; it has been used for protecting against biological and chemical deterioration, increasing bioavailability, and enhancing physical properties, among other functions. However, the high cost of nanotechnology can make it difficult for its application on a commercial scale. As a biodegradable natural polymer, corn starch is a great alternative for the production of nanomaterials. Therefore, the search for alternative materials to be used in nanotechnology has been studied. This review has discussed in detail the properties, simulations, and wide range of applications of corn starch-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chella Perumal Palanisamy
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China; (C.P.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China; (C.P.P.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-186-60811718
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China; (C.P.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India;
| | - Gothandam Kodiveri Muthukaliannan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India;
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Fatimi A. Chitosan-based embolizing hydrogel for the treatment of endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2018.1525729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fatimi
- Department of Chemistry, Facuté Polydisciplinaire, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Béni-Mellal, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Béni-Mellal, Morocco
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5
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Pant J, Sundaram J, Goudie MJ, Nguyen DT, Handa H. Antibacterial 3D bone scaffolds for tissue engineering application. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:1068-1078. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Pant
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Georgia Athens Georgia
| | - Jaya Sundaram
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Georgia Athens Georgia
| | - Marcus J. Goudie
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Georgia Athens Georgia
| | - Dieu Thao Nguyen
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Georgia Athens Georgia
| | - Hitesh Handa
- School of Chemical, Materials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Georgia Athens Georgia
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Kashte S, Jaiswal AK, Kadam S. Artificial Bone via Bone Tissue Engineering: Current Scenario and Challenges. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:1-14. [PMID: 30603457 PMCID: PMC6171575 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-0001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone provides mechanical support, and flexibility to the body as a structural frame work along with mineral storage, homeostasis, and blood pH regulation. The repair and/or replacement of injured or defective bone with healthy bone or bone substitute is a critical problem in orthopedic treatment. Recent advances in tissue engineering have shown promising results in developing bone material capable of substituting the conventional autogenic or allogenic bone transplants. In the present review, we have discussed natural and synthetic scaffold materials such as metal and metal alloys, ceramics, polymers, etc. which are widely being used along with their cellular counterparts such as stem cells in bone tissue engineering with their pros and cons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaji Kashte
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Girinagar, Pune, MS 411025 India
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil University, Kolhapur, 416006 India
| | - Amit Kumar Jaiswal
- Center for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, VIT University, Vellore, 632104 India
| | - Sachin Kadam
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil University, Kolhapur, 416006 India
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Castro-Ceseña AB, Camacho-Villegas TA, Lugo-Fabres PH, Novitskaya EE, McKittrick J, Licea-Navarro A. Effect of starch on the mechanical and in vitro properties of collagen-hydroxyapatite sponges for applications in dentistry. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 148:78-85. [PMID: 27185118 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to improve the mechanical and blood-absorbing properties of collagen sponges, while keeping them compressible, by incorporating blended hydroxyapatite (HA)-starch. Results were compared with CollaPlug(®) (pure collagen). The elastic modulus increased from 1.5±0.2kPa for CollaPlug(®) to 49±8kPa for sponges with composition 1:4:10 (collagen:HA:starch, by weight). The modified microstructure and surface area provided by the starch granules on the sponges improved cell viability. Sponges with composition 1:4:10 maintained their blood-clotting capability with almost no change from 5 to 15min after contact with blood, while CollaPlug(®) diminished to about half its capacity to absorb blood and form clots. Incorporation of HA-starch into the sponges with composition of 1:4:10, increased the elastic modulus of the collagen-HA sponges, making them more structurally robust. The viability of cells and the blood-clotting capability increased with starch incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Castro-Ceseña
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Tanya A Camacho-Villegas
- Biomedical Innovation Department, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México.
| | - Pavel H Lugo-Fabres
- Biomedical Innovation Department, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México.
| | - Ekaterina E Novitskaya
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Joanna McKittrick
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Alexei Licea-Navarro
- Biomedical Innovation Department, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3918, Zona Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México.
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8
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Rebelo MA, Alves TFR, de Lima R, Oliveira JM, Vila MMDC, Balcão VM, Severino P, Chaud MV. Scaffolds and tissue regeneration: An overview of the functional properties of selected organic tissues. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:1483-94. [PMID: 26148945 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering plays a significant role both in the re-establishment of functions and regeneration of organic tissues. Success in manufacturing projects for biological scaffolds, for the purpose of tissue regeneration, is conditioned by the selection of parameters such as the biomaterial, the device architecture, and the specificities of the cells making up the organic tissue to create, in vivo, a microenvironment that preserves and further enhances the proliferation of a specific cell phenotype. To support this approach, we have screened scientific publications that show biomedical applications of scaffolds, biomechanical, morphological, biochemical, and hemodynamic characteristics of the target organic tissues, and the possible interactions between different cell matrices and biological scaffolds. This review article provides an overview on the biomedical application of scaffolds and on the characteristics of the (bio)materials commonly used for manufacturing these biological devices used in tissue engineering, taking into consideration the cellular specificity of the target tissue. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1483-1494, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia A Rebelo
- LaBNUS-Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais F R Alves
- LaBNUS-Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata de Lima
- LaBNUS-Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - José M Oliveira
- LaBNUS-Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta M D C Vila
- LaBNUS-Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor M Balcão
- LaBNUS-Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.,i(bs)2-Intelligent Biosensing and Biomolecule Stabilization Research Group, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.,CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Severino
- Institute of Technology and Research, University of Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Marco V Chaud
- LaBNUS-Biomaterials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
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Thibault RA, Mikos AG, Kasper FK. Winner of the 2013 Young Investigator Award for the Society for Biomaterials annual meeting and exposition, April 10-13, 2013, Boston, Massachusetts. Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on demineralized and devitalized biodegradable polymer and extracellular matrix hybrid constructs. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:1225-36. [PMID: 23505119 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Devitalization and demineralization processing of biodegradable polymer and extracellular matrix (ECM) hybrid constructs was explored for the effect on the retention of ECM components and construct osteogenicity. Hybrid constructs were generated by seeding osteogenically predifferentiated rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) onto electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) fiber meshes and culturing in osteogenic medium for 12 or 16 days within a flow perfusion bioreactor to create an ECM coating. The resulting constructs were then either devitalized (using a freeze-thaw or a detergent technique), devitalized and demineralized, or left untreated, and subsequently characterized for DNA, glycosaminoglycan, collagen, and calcium content. The osteogenicity of each construct was investigated by culturing MSCs on the hybrid constructs within a flow perfusion bioreactor for 4, 8, and 12 days in osteogenic medium. Histological staining demonstrated that devitalization via the freeze-thaw method retained the thickest coating of ECM components within the constructs. Demineralization and devitalization processing of ECM coated constructs resulted in a decrease in their osteogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Thibault
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
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Oliveira AL, Sousa EC, Silva NA, Sousa N, Salgado AJ, Reis RL. Peripheral mineralization of a 3D biodegradable tubular construct as a way to enhance guidance stabilization in spinal cord injury regeneration. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:2821-2830. [PMID: 22903600 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4741-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries (SCI) present a major challenge to therapeutic development due to its complexity. Combinatorial approaches using biodegradable polymers that can simultaneously provide a tissue scaffold, a cell vehicle, and a reservoir for sustained drug delivery have shown very promising results. In our previous studies we have developed a novel hybrid system consisting of starch/poly-e-caprolactone (SPCL) semi-rigid tubular porous structure, based on a rapid prototyping technology, filled by a gellan gum hydrogel concentric core for the regeneration within spinal-cord injury sites. In the present work we intend to promote enhanced osteointegration on these systems by pre-mineralizing specifically the external surfaces of the SPCL tubular structures, though a biomimetic strategy, using a sodium silicate gel as nucleating agent. The idea is to create two different cell environments to promote axonal regeneration in the interior of the constructs while inducing osteogenic activity on its external surface. By using a Teflon cylinder to isolate the interior of the scaffold, it was possible to observe the formation of a bone-like poorly crystalline carbonated apatite layer continuously formed only in the external side of the tubular structure. This biomimetic layer was able to support the adhesion of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells, which have gone under cytoskeleton reorganization in the first hours of culture when compared to cells cultured on uncoated scaffolds. This strategy can be a useful route for locally stimulate bone tissue regeneration and facilitating early bone ingrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.
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11
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Araujo JV, Martins A, Leonor IB, Pinho ED, Reis RL, Neves NM. Surface controlled biomimetic coating of polycaprolactone nanofiber meshes to be used as bone extracellular matrix analogues. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 19:1261-78. [DOI: 10.1163/156856208786052335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. V. Araujo
- a 3B's Research Group — Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IBB — Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - A. Martins
- b 3B's Research Group — Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IBB — Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - I. B. Leonor
- c 3B's Research Group — Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IBB — Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - E. D. Pinho
- d 3B's Research Group — Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IBB — Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - R. L. Reis
- e 3B's Research Group — Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IBB — Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - N. M. Neves
- f 3B's Research Group — Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; IBB — Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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Neman J, Hambrecht A, Cadry C, Goodarzi A, Youssefzadeh J, Chen MY, Jandial R. Clinical Efficacy of Stem Cell Mediated Osteogenesis and Bioceramics for Bone Tissue Engineering. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 760:174-87. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4090-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Skaria S, Schricker SR. Synthesis and Characterization of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Materials Derived from Polysilsesquioxanes (POSS). JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10601321003659440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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El Tamer MK, Reis RL. Progenitor and stem cells for bone and cartilage regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2009; 3:327-37. [PMID: 19418440 DOI: 10.1002/term.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Research in regenerative medicine is developing at a significantly quick pace. Cell-based bone and cartilage replacement is an evolving therapy aiming at the treatment of patients who suffer from limb amputation, damaged tissues and various bone and cartilage-related disorders. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the capability to regenerate into one or more committed cell lineages. Stem cells isolated from multiple sources have been finding widespread use to advance the field of tissue repair. The present review gives a comprehensive overview of the developments in stem cells originating from different tissues and suggests future prospects for functional bone and cartilage tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K El Tamer
- 3Bs Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909 Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal.
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15
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Hong SJ, Yu HS, Kim HW. Tissue engineering polymeric microcarriers with macroporous morphology and bone-bioactive surface. Macromol Biosci 2009; 9:639-45. [PMID: 19226560 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200800304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PCL microspheres featuring a macroporous morphology and a bone-bioactive surface have been prepared. 'Camphene' was introduced to generate pores within the microsphere network. The pore size was variable from a few to tens to hundreds of microm depending on the Camphene/PCL ratio. Macropores (with sizes >50 microm) could be obtained with a Camphene/PCL ratio exceeding 6. The microsphere surface was further tailored with apatite mineral phase through solution-mediated precipitation, to endow the interface with bone bioactivity. Rat bone marrow stromal cells attached and spread actively on microspheres and populated well within their macropores. The developed microspheres may be potentially applicable as a cell delivery scaffold for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Jung Hong
- Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry and Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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16
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Salerno A, Oliviero M, Di Maio E, Iannace S, Netti PA. Design of porous polymeric scaffolds by gas foaming of heterogeneous blends. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2009; 20:2043-2051. [PMID: 19430895 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-009-3767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenges in tissue engineering scaffold design is the realization of structures with a pre-defined multi-scaled porous network. Along this line, this study aimed at the design of porous scaffolds with controlled porosity and pore size distribution from blends of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) and thermoplastic gelatin (TG), a thermoplastic natural material obtained by de novo thermoplasticization of gelatin. PCL/TG blends with composition in the range from 40/60 to 60/40 (w/w) were prepared by melt mixing process. The multi-phase microstructures of these blends were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis. Furthermore, in order to prepare open porous scaffolds for cell culture and tissue replacement, the TG and PCL were selectively extracted from the blends by the appropriate combination of solvent and extraction parameters. Finally, with the proposed combination of gas foaming and selective polymer extraction technologies, PCL and TG porous materials with multi-scaled and highly interconnected porosities were designed as novel scaffolds for new-tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salerno
- Department of Materials and Production Engineering & Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
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Martins A, Chung S, Pedro AJ, Sousa RA, Marques AP, Reis RL, Neves NM. Hierarchical starch-based fibrous scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2009; 3:37-42. [PMID: 19021239 DOI: 10.1002/term.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibrous structures mimicking the morphology of the natural extracellular matrix are considered promising scaffolds for tissue engineering. This work aims to develop a novel hierarchical starch-based scaffold. Such scaffolds were obtained by a combination of starch-polycaprolactone micro- and polycaprolactone nano-motifs, respectively produced by rapid prototyping (RP) and electrospinning techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-computed tomography analysis showed the successful fabrication of a multilayer scaffold composed of parallel aligned microfibres in a grid-like arrangement, intercalated by a mesh-like structure with randomly distributed nanofibres (NFM). Human osteoblast-like cells were dynamically seeded on the scaffolds, using spinner flasks, and cultured for 7 days under static conditions. SEM analysis showed predominant cell attachment and spreading on the nanofibre meshes, which enhanced cell retention at the bulk of the composed/hierarchical scaffolds. A significant increment in cell proliferation and osteoblastic activity, assessed by alkaline phosphatase quantification, was observed on the hierarchical fibrous scaffolds. These results support our hypothesis that the integration of nanoscale fibres into 3D rapid prototype scaffolds substantially improves their biological performance in bone tissue-engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albino Martins
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Minho, Portugal.
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18
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Kim HJ, Kim UJ, Kim HS, Li C, Wada M, Leisk GG, Kaplan DL. Bone tissue engineering with premineralized silk scaffolds. Bone 2008; 42:1226-34. [PMID: 18387349 PMCID: PMC2698959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Revised: 02/03/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin biomaterials are being explored as novel protein-based systems for cell and tissue culture. In the present study, biomimetic growth of calcium phosphate on porous silk fibroin polymeric scaffolds was explored to generate organic/inorganic composites as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Aqueous-derived silk fibroin scaffolds were prepared with the addition of polyaspartic acid during processing, followed by the controlled deposition of calcium phosphate by exposure to CaCl(2) and Na(2)HPO(4). These mineralized protein-composite scaffolds were subsequently seeded with human bone marrow stem cells (hMSC) and cultured in vitro for 6 weeks under osteogenic conditions with or without BMP-2. The extent of osteoconductivity was assessed by cell numbers, alkaline phosphatase and calcium deposition, along with immunohistochemistry for bone-related outcomes. The results suggest increased osteoconductive outcomes with an increase in initial content of apatite and BMP-2 in the silk fibroin porous scaffolds. The premineralization of these highly porous silk fibroin protein scaffolds provided enhanced outcomes for the bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Joo Kim
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemical & Biological Engineering; Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering & Biotechnology Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Ung-Jin Kim
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemical & Biological Engineering; Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering & Biotechnology Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Mecellose R&D Team, R&D Center, Samsung Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd., 103-1 Munji-dong, Yusung-gu, Taejeon 305-380, Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Kim
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemical & Biological Engineering; Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering & Biotechnology Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Chunmei Li
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemical & Biological Engineering; Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering & Biotechnology Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Masahisa Wada
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Gary G. Leisk
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemical & Biological Engineering; Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering & Biotechnology Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemical & Biological Engineering; Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering & Biotechnology Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Correspondence should be address to: David Kaplan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA, phone: 617-627-3251, fax: 617-627-3231, E-mail:
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Kanungo BP, Silva E, Vliet KV, Gibson LJ. Characterization of mineralized collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds for bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2008; 4:490-503. [PMID: 18294943 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mineralized collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds designed for bone regeneration have been synthesized via triple co-precipitation in the absence of a titrant phase. Here, we characterize the microstructural and mechanical properties of these newly developed scaffolds with 50 and 75 wt.% mineral content. The 50 wt.% scaffold had an equiaxed pore structure with isotropic mechanical properties and a Ca-P-rich mineral phase comprised of brushite; the 75 wt.% scaffold had a bilayer structure with a pore size varying in the through-thickness direction and a mineral phase comprised of 67% brushite and 33 wt.% monetite. The compressive stress-strain response of the scaffolds was characteristic of low-density open-cell foams with distinct linear elastic, collapse plateau and densification regimes. The elastic modulus and strength of individual struts within the scaffolds were measured using an atomic force microscopy cantilevered beam-bending technique and compared with the composite response under indentation and unconfined compression. Cellular solids models, using the measured strut properties, overestimated the overall mechanical properties for the scaffolds; the discrepancy arises from defects such as disconnected pore walls within the scaffold. As the scaffold stiffness and strength decreased with increasing overall mineral content and were less than that of natural, mineralized collagen scaffolds, these microstructural/mechanical relations will be used to further improve scaffold design for bone regeneration applications.
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20
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Leonor IB, Kim HM, Balas F, Kawashita M, Reis RL, Kokubo T, Nakamura T. Alkaline treatments to render starch-based biodegradable polymers self-mineralizable. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2008; 1:425-35. [DOI: 10.1002/term.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Liu X, Lim JY, Donahue HJ, Dhurjati R, Mastro AM, Vogler EA. Influence of substratum surface chemistry/energy and topography on the human fetal osteoblastic cell line hFOB 1.19: Phenotypic and genotypic responses observed in vitro. Biomaterials 2007; 28:4535-50. [PMID: 17644175 PMCID: PMC2705827 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Time-dependent phenotypic response of a model osteoblast cell line (hFOB 1.19, ATCC, and CRL-11372) to substrata with varying surface chemistry and topography is reviewed within the context of extant cell-adhesion theory. Cell-attachment and proliferation kinetics are compared using morphology as a leading indicator of cell phenotype. Expression of (alpha2, alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, alphav, beta1, and beta3) integrins, vinculin, as well as secretion of osteopontin (OP) and type I collagen (Col I) supplement this visual assessment of hFOB growth. It is concluded that significant cell-adhesion events-contact, attachment, spreading, and proliferation-are similar on all surfaces, independent of substratum surface chemistry/energy. However, this sequence of events is significantly delayed and attenuated on hydrophobic (poorly water-wettable) surfaces exhibiting characteristically low-attachment efficiency and long induction periods before cells engage in an exponential-growth phase. Results suggest that a 'time-cell-substratum-compatibility-superposition principle' is at work wherein similar bioadhesive outcomes can be ultimately achieved on all surface types with varying hydrophilicity, but the time required to arrive at this outcome increases with decreasing cell-substratum-compatibility. Genomic and proteomic tools offer unprecedented opportunity to directly measure changes in the cellular machinery that lead to observed cell responses to different materials. But for the purpose of measuring structure-property relationships that can guide biomaterial development, genomic/proteomic tools should be applied early in the adhesion/spreading process before cells have an opportunity to significantly remodel the cell-substratum interface, effectively erasing cause and effect relationships between cell-substratum-compatibility and substratum properties. IMPACT STATEMENT: This review quantifies relationships among cell phenotype, substratum surface chemistry/energy, topography, and cell-substratum contact time for the model osteoblast cell line hFOB 1.19, revealing that genomic/proteomic tools are most useful in the pursuit of understanding cell adhesion if applied early in the adhesion/spreading process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Jung Yul Lim
- Division of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Center for Biomedical Devices and Functional Tissue Engineering and Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Henry J. Donahue
- Division of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Center for Biomedical Devices and Functional Tissue Engineering and Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Ravi Dhurjati
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Institute and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Andrea M. Mastro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Materials Research Institute and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Erwin A. Vogler
- Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Institute and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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22
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Kretlow JD, Mikos AG. Review: Mineralization of Synthetic Polymer Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 13:927-38. [PMID: 17430090 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
It has repeatedly been shown that demineralization improves the ability of bone auto- and allografts to regenerate natural bone tissue. Conversely, much work in the field of bone tissue engineering has used composite materials consisting of a mineralized phase or materials designed to mineralize rapidly in situ. In this review, we seek to examine these disparate roles of mineralization and the underlying factors that cause this discordance and to examine methods and principles of the mineralization of synthetic polymer scaffolds. Biomimetic approaches to mineralization and phosphorus-containing materials are highlighted, and a brief section focusing on drug-delivery strategies using mineralized scaffolds is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Kretlow
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
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23
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Salgado AJ, Coutinho OP, Reis RL, Davies JE. In vivo
response to starch‐based scaffolds designed for bone tissue engineering applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 80:983-9. [PMID: 17109411 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Our purpose was to evaluate the in vivo endosseous response to three starch-based scaffolds implanted in rats (n = 54). We implanted the three scaffold groups; a 50/50 (wt %) blend of corn starch and ethylene-vinyl alcohol (SEVA-C), the same composition coated with a biomimetic calcium phosphate (Ca-P) layer (SEVA-C/CaP), and a 50/50 (wt %) blend of corn starch and cellulose acetate (SCA), all produced by extrusion with blowing agents, into distal femurs proximal to the epiphyseal plate, for 1, 3, or 6 weeks. Our results showed that at 1 week considerable reparative bone formed around all scaffold groups, although the bone was separated from the scaffold by an intervening soft tissue interfacial zone that comprised two distinct compartments: the surface of the scaffold was occupied by multinucleate giant cells and the compartment between these cells and the surrounding bone was occupied by a streaming fibrous-like tissue. The extracellular matrix of the latter was continuous with the extracellular bone matrix itself, labeled positively for osteocalcin and appeared mineralized by back-scattered electron imaging. All three scaffolds showed a similar tissue response, with the soft tissue interface diminishing with time. No bone contact was observed with SEVA-C at any time point, only transitory bone contact was observed with SEVA-C/CaP at 3 weeks, but SCA exhibited direct bone contact at 6 weeks where 56.23 +/- 6.46% of the scaffold surface was occupied by bone. We conclude that all materials exhibited a favorable bony response and that the rapidly forming initial "connective tissue" seen around all scaffolds was a very early form of bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Salgado
- 3B's Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.
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24
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Link DP, van den Dolder J, Jurgens WJFM, Wolke JGC, Jansen JA. Mechanical evaluation of implanted calcium phosphate cement incorporated with PLGA microparticles. Biomaterials 2006; 27:4941-7. [PMID: 16759694 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 05/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the mechanical properties of an implanted calcium phosphate (CaP) cement incorporated with 20wt% poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles were investigated in a rat cranial defect. After 2, 4 and 8 weeks of implantation, implants were evaluated mechanically (push-out test) and morphologically (Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and histology). The results of the push-out test showed that after 2 weeks the shear strength of the implants was 0.44+/-0.44MPa (average+/-sd), which increased to 1.34+/-1.05MPa at 4 weeks and finally resulted in 2.60+/-2.78MPa at 8 weeks. SEM examination showed a fracture plane at the bone-cement interface at 2 weeks, while the 4- and 8-week specimens created a fracture plane into the CaP/PLGA composites, indicating an increased strength of the bone-cement interface. Histological evaluation revealed that the two weeks implantation period resulted in minimal bone ingrowth, while at 4 weeks of implantation the peripheral PLGA microparticles were degraded and replaced by deposition of newly formed bone. Finally, after 8 weeks of implantation the degradation of the PLGA microparticles was almost completed, which was observed by the bone ingrowth throughout the CaP/PLGA composites. On basis of our results, we conclude that the shear strength of the bone-cement interface increased over time due to bone ingrowth into the CaP/PLGA composites. Although the bone-cement contact could be optimized with an injectable CaP cement to enhance bone ingrowth, still the mechanical properties of the composites after 8 weeks of implantation are insufficient for load-bearing purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis P Link
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Periodontology & Biomaterials, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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25
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Lee SJ, Lim GJ, Lee JW, Atala A, Yoo JJ. In vitro evaluation of a poly(lactide-co-glycolide)–collagen composite scaffold for bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2006; 27:3466-72. [PMID: 16527344 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 01/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous materials have been proposed for bone tissue regeneration. However, none has been shown to be entirely satisfactory. In this study we fabricated a hybrid composite scaffold composed of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and a naturally derived collagen matrix derived from porcine bladder submucosa matrix (BSM), and evaluated the biological activities and physical properties of the scaffold for use in bone tissue regeneration. The BSM-PLGA composite scaffolds are able to promote cellular interactions and possess uniformly interconnected pores with adequate structural integrity. The composite scaffolds were tested with both human embryonic stem (hES) cells and bovine osteoblasts (bOB). Cells seeded on the composite scaffolds readily attached, infiltrated and proliferated, as confirmed by cell viability and mitochondrial metabolic activity. Use of the composite scaffolding system with cells may enhance the formation of bone tissue for therapeutic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jin Lee
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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26
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Influence of Molecular Weight and Crystallinity of Poly(L-Lactic Acid) on the Adhesion and Proliferation of Human Osteoblast Like Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The molecular weight and crystallinity of systems based on poly(L-lactic acid) PLLA is an important issue as it can influence, besides the general physical properties of the polymer, the patterns of cell adhesion, proliferation and cell morphology. The objective of the present study was to evaluate how crystallinity and molecular weight of PLLA influence the referred parameters. Four conditions were tested: low molecular weight amorphous and semi-crystalline PLLA disks, and
high molecular weight amorphous and semi-crystalline PLLA disks, obtained from hot press. The thermal properties of the studied materials were accessed by differential scanning calorimetry. For the cell culture studies a human osteosarcoma cell line (SaOS-2) was chosen. Disks were immersed in a cell suspension containing 5x104 cells/ml and kept in culture for periods up to two weeks. Cell
viability and proliferation of SaOS-2 cells was assessed by MTS test and a total protein assay, respectively. The adhesion and morphology of SaOS-2 cells on PLLA disks was assessed by scanning electronic microscopy. Results showed that cell viability was not affected by the different tested conditions. However, cell proliferation was increased in the high molecular weight amorphous samples and cells seemed to have higher adhesion patterns on semi-crystalline samples.
This is probably happening due to different rates of integrin interaction with the substrate leading to different patterns of focal adhesion points formation.
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