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Su H, Fujiwara T, Skalli O, Selders GS, Li T, Mao L, Bumgardner JD. Porous Nano-Fiber Structure of Modified Electrospun Chitosan GBR Membranes Improve Osteoblast Calcium Phosphate Deposition in Osteoblast-Fibroblast Co-Cultures. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:160. [PMID: 38667777 PMCID: PMC11051071 DOI: 10.3390/md22040160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Desirable characteristics of electrospun chitosan membranes (ESCM) for guided bone regeneration are their nanofiber structure that mimics the extracellular fiber matrix and porosity for the exchange of signals between bone and soft tissue compartments. However, ESCM are susceptible to swelling and loss of nanofiber and porous structure in physiological environments. A novel post-electrospinning method using di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (tBOC) prevents swelling and loss of nanofibrous structure better than sodium carbonate treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that retention of nanofiber morphology and high porosity of tBOC-modified ESCM (tBOC-ESCM) would support more bone mineralization in osteoblast-fibroblast co-cultures compared to Na2CO3 treated membranes (Na2CO3-ESCM) and solution-cast chitosan solid films (CM-film). The results showed that only the tBOC-ESCM retained the nanofibrous structure and had approximately 14 times more pore volume than Na2CO3-ESCM and thousands of times more pore volume than CM-films, respectively. In co-cultures, the tBOC-ESCM resulted in a significantly greater calcium-phosphate deposition by osteoblasts than either the Na2CO3-ESCM or CM-film (p < 0.05). This work supports the study hypothesis that tBOC-ESCM with nanofiber structure and high porosity promotes the exchange of signals between osteoblasts and fibroblasts, leading to improved mineralization in vitro and thus potentially improved bone healing and regeneration in guided bone regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjie Su
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center-Memphis Joint Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Tomoko Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA;
| | - Omar Skalli
- Integrated Microscopy Center, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Gretchen Schreyack Selders
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center-Memphis Joint Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Linna Mao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Joel D. Bumgardner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center-Memphis Joint Graduate Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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Dasgupta N, Sun D, Gorbet M, Gauthier M. Chitosan Grafted with Thermoresponsive Poly(di(ethylene glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate) for Cell Culture Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061515. [PMID: 36987295 PMCID: PMC10051194 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a polysaccharide extracted from animal sources such as crab and shrimp shells. In this work, chitosan films were modified by grafting them with a thermoresponsive polymer, poly(di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PMEO2MA). The films were modified to introduce functional groups useful as reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents. PMEO2MA chains were then grown from the films via RAFT polymerization, making the chitosan films thermoresponsive. The degree of substitution of the chitosan-based RAFT agent and the amount of monomer added in the grafting reaction were varied to control the length of the grafted PMEO2MA chain segments. The chains were cleaved from the film substrates for characterization using 1H NMR and a gel permeation chromatography analysis. Temperature-dependent contact angle measurements were used to demonstrate that the hydrophilic-hydrophobic nature of the film surface varied with temperature. Due to the enhanced hydrophobic character of PMEO2MA above its lower critical solution temperature (LCST), the ability of PMEO2MA-grafted chitosan films to serve as a substrate for cell growth at 37 °C (incubation temperature) was tested. Interactions with cells (fibroblasts, macrophages, and corneal epithelial cells) were assessed. The modified chitosan films supported cell viability and proliferation. As the temperature is lowered to 4 °C (refrigeration temperature, below the LCST), the grafted chitosan films become less hydrophobic, and cell adhesion should decrease, facilitating their removal from the surface. Our results indicated that the cells were detached from the films following a short incubation period at 4 °C, were viable, and retained their ability to proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natun Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Duo Sun
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Maud Gorbet
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mario Gauthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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Maharti ID, Suprastiwi E, Agusnar H, Herdianto N, Margono A. Characterization, Physical Properties, and Biocompatibility of Novel Tricalcium Silicate-Chitosan Endodontic Sealer. Eur J Dent 2022; 17:127-135. [PMID: 36063844 PMCID: PMC9949928 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1745774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics, physical properties, and biocompatibility of the novel tricalcium silicate-chitosan (TCS-C) sealer with AH Plus and Sure-Seal Root. MATERIALS AND METHODS The TCS-C powder was prepared by mixing tricalcium silicate with 2% water-soluble chitosan at a 5:1 ratio, followed by sufficient addition of 10 g/mL ratio of double-distilled water to form a homogeneous cement. Material characterizations (the Fourier Transform InfraRed [FTIR] and X-ray diffraction [XRD]), physical property investigations (flow and film thickness), and cytotoxicity tests in 3T3 mouse embryo fibroblast cell (MTT assay method) were performed on sealers, and the results were compared with those of the commercial products. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Statistical analysis was performed on flow and film thickness. The normality of the data was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The TCS-C showed a mean flow of 31.98 ± 0.68 mm, compared with Sure Seal Root at 26.38 ± 0.69 mm and AH Plus at 26.50 ± 0.12 mm. The TCS-C showed a mean film thickness of 60 ± 10.0 mm compared with Sure-Seal Root at 50 ± 10.0 mm and AH Plus at 40 ± 15.8 mm. The TCS-C exhibited low to no cytotoxicity in fibroblast cell at all concentrations and exposure times. CONCLUSION Adding water-soluble chitosan may improve the physical and biologic properties of tricalcium silicate cement. The novel TCS-C sealer did not fully meet the physical properties of an endodontic sealer, but it was not cytotoxic to fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ike D. Maharti
- Doctoral Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endang Suprastiwi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia,Address for correspondence Endang Suprastiwi, drg., SpKG(K) Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas IndonesiaJalan Salemba Raya 4, Jakarta 10430Indonesia
| | - Harry Agusnar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Nendar Herdianto
- Research Center for Advanced Materials (PRMM-BRIN), Banten, Indonesia
| | - Anggraini Margono
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Modified halloysite nanotubes with Chitosan incorporated PVA/PVP bionanocomposite films: Thermal, mechanical properties and biocompatibility for tissue engineering. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Brooks AK, Imran M, Pradhan S, Broitman JM, Yadavalli VK. Facile fabrication and nanoscale assembly of polydopamine-functionalized, flexible chitosan films. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08839115211046414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Substrates that are simultaneously thin, strong, optically transparent, and biocompatible have diverse applications in a range of fundamental and applied fields. While nature-derived materials offer advantages of sustainability and inherent biocompatibility compared to synthetic polymers, their brittleness and swelling, as well as surface charge and chemical functionalization non-conducive to cell growth, can hinder widespread application. In this work, we discuss the fabrication and systematic characterization of polydopamine-coated chitosan thin films. Chitosan is a widely used, partially deacetylated form of chitin, derived from crustaceans and arthropods. Polydopamine (PDA) is derived from chemistries mimicking mussel foot adhesive proteins. A facile dip-coating process of thin and flexible, uncrosslinked chitosan films in aqueous dopamine solutions leads to dramatic changes in physical and chemical properties. We show how the PDA forms time-dependent assemblies on the film surfaces, affecting surface roughness, hydrophilicity, and mechanical strength. Coating the surface for even a few seconds provides functional changes to the films. Our results shows that the optimal coating time is on the order of few hours, whereby the films are optically transparent with excellent extensibility and Young’s modulus, while further coating reduces the benefits of this surface coating. These materials are biocompatible, serving as substrates for cell adhesion and growth while maintaining good viability. Overall, these findings give insight to the effects of PDA assembly on surfaces, and illustrate how a simple, quick, and robust bioinspired coating process can prime substrates for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, biosensing, and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Brooks
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sayantan Pradhan
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jacob M Broitman
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Vamsi K Yadavalli
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Vasilyev AV, Kuznetsova VS, Bukharova TB, Grigoriev TE, Zagoskin YD, Nedorubova IA, Babichenko II, Chvalun SN, Goldstein DV, Kulakov AA. Influence of the Degree of Deacetylation of Chitosan and BMP-2 Concentration on Biocompatibility and Osteogenic Properties of BMP-2/PLA Granule-Loaded Chitosan/β-Glycerophosphate Hydrogels. Molecules 2021; 26:E261. [PMID: 33430198 PMCID: PMC7825646 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Compositions based on chitosan/β-glycerophosphate hydrogels with highly porous polylactide granules can be used to obtain moldable bone graft materials that have osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. To eliminate the influence of such characteristics as chain length, degree of purification, and molecular weight on a designed material, the one-stock chitosan sample was reacetylated to degrees of deacetylation (DD%) of 19.5, 39, 49, 55, and 56. A study of the chitosan/β-glycerophosphate hydrogel with chitosan of a reduced DD% showed that a low degree of deacetylation increased the MSCs (multipotent stromal cells) viability rate in vitro and reduced the leukocyte infiltration in subcutaneous implantation to Wistar rats in vivo. The addition of 12 wt% polylactide granules resulted in optimal composite mechanical and moldable properties, and increased the modulus of elasticity of the hydrogel-based material by approximately 100 times. Excessive filling of the material with PLA (polylactide) granules (more than 20%) led to material destruction at a ~10% strain. Osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties of the chitosan hydrogel-based material with reacetylated chitosan (39 DD%) and highly porous polylactide granules impregnated with BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2) have been demonstrated in models of orthotopic and ectopic bone formation. When implanted into a critical-size calvarial defect in rats, the optimal concentration of BMP-2 was 10 μg/mL: bone tissue areas filled the entire material's thickness. Implantation of the material with 50 μg/mL BMP-2 was accompanied with excessive growth of bone tissue and material displacement beyond the defect. Significant osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties of the material with 10 μg/mL of BMP-2 were also shown in subcutaneous implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Vyacheslavovich Vasilyev
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye st., 1, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.K.); (T.B.B.); (I.A.N.); (D.V.G.); (A.A.K.)
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Timur Frunze st., 16, 119021 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya st., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeriya Sergeevna Kuznetsova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye st., 1, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.K.); (T.B.B.); (I.A.N.); (D.V.G.); (A.A.K.)
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Timur Frunze st., 16, 119021 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatyana Borisovna Bukharova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye st., 1, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.K.); (T.B.B.); (I.A.N.); (D.V.G.); (A.A.K.)
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Timur Frunze st., 16, 119021 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Timofei Evgenevich Grigoriev
- NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (T.E.G.); (Y.D.Z.); (S.N.C.)
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, 141701 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuriy Dmitrievich Zagoskin
- NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (T.E.G.); (Y.D.Z.); (S.N.C.)
| | - Irina Alekseevna Nedorubova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye st., 1, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.K.); (T.B.B.); (I.A.N.); (D.V.G.); (A.A.K.)
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Timur Frunze st., 16, 119021 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Igor Ivanovich Babichenko
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Timur Frunze st., 16, 119021 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya st., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Nicolaevich Chvalun
- NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Akademika Kurchatova pl., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (T.E.G.); (Y.D.Z.); (S.N.C.)
| | - Dmitry Vadimovich Goldstein
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye st., 1, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.K.); (T.B.B.); (I.A.N.); (D.V.G.); (A.A.K.)
- Central Research Institute of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Timur Frunze st., 16, 119021 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya st., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoliy Alekseevich Kulakov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye st., 1, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (V.S.K.); (T.B.B.); (I.A.N.); (D.V.G.); (A.A.K.)
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Kumari S, Tiyyagura HR, Pottathara YB, Sadasivuni KK, Ponnamma D, Douglas TEL, Skirtach AG, Mohan MK. Surface functionalization of chitosan as a coating material for orthopaedic applications: A comprehensive review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 255:117487. [PMID: 33436247 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metallic implants have dominated the biomedical implant industries for the past century for load-bearing applications, while the polymeric implants have shown great promise for tissue engineering applications. The surface properties of such implants are critical as the interaction of implant surfaces, and the body tissues may lead to unfavourable reactions. Desired implant properties are biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial activity. A polymer coating is an efficient and economical way to produce such surfaces. A lot of research has been carried out on chitosan (CS)-modified metallic and polymer scaffolds in the last decade. Different methods such as electrophoretic deposition, sol-gel methods, dip coating and spin coating, electrospinning, etc. have been utilized to produce CS coatings. However, a systematic review of chitosan coatings on scaffolds focussing on widely employed techniques is lacking. This review surveys literature concerning the current status of orthopaedic applications of CS for the purpose of coatings. In this review, the various preparation methods of coating, and the role of the surface functionalities in determining the efficiency of coatings are discussed. Effect of nanoparticle additions on the polymeric interfaces and in regulating the properties of surface coatings are also investigated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumari
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India; Department of Biotechnology, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Hanuma Reddy Tiyyagura
- Alterno Labs d.o.o, Brnčičeva ulica 29, 1231 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, Maribor SI-2000, Slovenia.
| | - Yasir Beeran Pottathara
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, Maribor SI-2000, Slovenia
| | | | | | | | - Andre G Skirtach
- Department of Biotechnology, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - M K Mohan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India.
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Chawathe M, Asheghali D, Minko S, Jonnalagadda S, Sidorenko A. Adaptive Hybrid Molecular Brushes Composed of Chitosan, Polylactide, and Poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) for Support and Guiding Human Dermal Fibroblasts. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4118-4127. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Chawathe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Darya Asheghali
- Nanostructured Materials Lab, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Sergiy Minko
- Nanostructured Materials Lab, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Sriramakamal Jonnalagadda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alexander Sidorenko
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Seyyed Tabaei SJ, Rahimi M, Akbaribazm M, Ziai SA, Sadri M, Shahrokhi SR, Rezaei MS. Chitosan-based nano-scaffolds as antileishmanial wound dressing in BALB/c mice treatment: Characterization and design of tissue regeneration. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:788-799. [PMID: 32695296 PMCID: PMC7351439 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.41361.9770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rapid healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis as one of the most important parasitic diseases leads to the decrease of scars and prevention of a great threat to the looks of the affected people. Today, the use of nano-scaffolds is rapidly increasing in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine with structures similar to the target tissue. Chitosan (CS) is a bioactive polymer with antimicrobial and accelerating features of healing wounds, which is commonly used in biomedicine. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CS/polyethylene oxide (PEO)/berberine (BBR) nanofibers on the experimental ulcers of Leishmania major in BALB/c mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS CS/PEO/BBR nanofibers were prepared by the electrospinning method, and their morphology was examined by SEM, TEM, and AFM. Then, water absorption, stability, biocompatibility, porosity, and drug release from nano-scaffolds were explored. Afterward, 28 BALB/c mice infected with the parasite were randomly divided into control and experimental groups, and their wounds were dressed with the produced nano-scaffolds. Finally, the effect of nanobandage on the animals was investigated by macroscopic, histopathologic, and in vivo imaging examinations. RESULTS The prepared nanofibers were completely uniform, cylindrical, bead-free, and biocompatible with an average diameter of 94±12 nm and had appropriate drug release. In addition, the reduced skin ulcer diameter (P=0.000), parasite burden (P=0.003), changes in the epidermis (P=0.023), and dermis (P=0.032) indicated significantly strong effectiveness of the produced nano-scaffolds against leishmania ulcers. CONCLUSION Studies showed that CS/PEO/BBR nanofibers have a positive effect on the rapid healing of leishmania ulcers. Future studies should focus on other chronic ulcers treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Javad Seyyed Tabaei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rahimi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Akbaribazm
- Anatomical Sciences, Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Ziai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Sadri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Education and Research Center of Science and Biotechnology, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mitra Sadat Rezaei
- Virology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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The Antimicrobial Effectiveness and Cytotoxicity of the Antibiotic-Loaded Chitosan: ECM Scaffolds. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The development of multifunctional wound dressings with the ability to control hemostasis, limit infection and promote rapid wound healing and constructive tissue remodeling has been a challenge for many years. In view of these challenges, a hybrid scaffold platform was developed that combined two different extracellular matrices (ECM): ECM from decellularized mammalian tissue and ECM (chitosan) from crustaceans. Both types of ECM have well established clinical benefits that support and promote wound healing and control hemostasis. This scaffold platform could also be augmented with antibiotics to provide bactericidal activity directly to the wound site. Methods: Four different scaffold formulations were developed containing chitosan supplemented with either 20% or 50% urinary bladder matrix (UBM) hydrogel or 1% (w/v) or 10% (w/v) UBM–ECM particulates. 100% chitosan scaffolds were used as controls. The scaffolds were augmented with either minocycline or rifampicin. Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus were used to assesses antimicrobial efficacy and duration of activity, while neutral red uptake assays were performed to establish direct and indirect cytotoxicity. Results: Results showed that scaffold handling properties, scaffold integrity over time and the efficacy and release rate of loaded antibiotics could be modified by altering scaffold composition. Moreover, antibiotics were easily released from the scaffold and could remain effective for up to 24 h by modifying the scaffold composition. Variable results with cytotoxicity testing show that further work is required to optimize the scaffold formulations but these proof of principle experiments suggest that these scaffolds have potential as bioactive wound dressings.
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Alonzo-de la Rosa CM, Copes F, Chevallier P, Santillán-Benitez JG, Carbajal-de la Torre G, Mantovani D, Flores-Merino MV. Synthesis and characterization of a polymeric network made of polyethylene glycol and chitosan as a treatment with antibacterial properties for skin wounds. J Biomater Appl 2020; 35:274-286. [PMID: 32356466 DOI: 10.1177/0885328220922384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol has been widely investigated for wound healing and dressing applications. Despite its advantages (i.e. great biocompatibility), polyethylene glycol lacks antibacterial activity. For this reason, semi-interpenetrated polymeric networks were prepared by combining a chemically cross-linked polyethylene glycol network with chitosan. The aim of this work was to identify the best amount of chitosan able to improve the antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus. Briefly, the networks were synthesized by a sequential method, adding chitosan in different proportion to the polyethylene glycol. The antibacterial activity was tested following the MGA 0100 of the Pharmacopeia of the United States of Mexico. Fourier-transform infrared with attenuated total reflection spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and swelling behavior PBS at 37° C and room temperature were also performed to characterize the polymeric networks. The results showed that PC-2% was able to inhibit the bacterial growth of Staphylococcus aureus even more than Fosfomycin antibiotic. The networks showed cylindrical pores of different sizes (50-100 µm). The maximum swelling of all the networks was achieved in PBS at 37°C (>315%). Free hemoglobin and hemolysis assays were also evaluated to know the compatibility with erythrocytes. Human dermal fibroblasts were used to evaluate direct cytotoxicity. Therefore, the produced gels exerted interesting antibacterial activity and showed good biocompatibility properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Alonzo-de la Rosa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMéx), Toluca, México.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Cellular, UAEMéx, Toluca, México.,Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Division Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francesco Copes
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Division Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pascale Chevallier
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Division Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Canada Research Chair Tier I for the Innovation in Surgery, Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Division Regenerative Medicine, CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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Boyer C, Réthoré G, Weiss P, d’Arros C, Lesoeur J, Vinatier C, Halgand B, Geffroy O, Fusellier M, Vaillant G, Roy P, Gauthier O, Guicheux J. A Self-Setting Hydrogel of Silylated Chitosan and Cellulose for the Repair of Osteochondral Defects: From in vitro Characterization to Preclinical Evaluation in Dogs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:23. [PMID: 32117912 PMCID: PMC7025592 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage (AC) may be affected by many injuries including traumatic lesions that predispose to osteoarthritis. Currently there is no efficient cure for cartilage lesions. In that respect, new strategies for regenerating AC are contemplated with interest. In this context, we aim to develop and characterize an injectable, self-hardening, mechanically reinforced hydrogel (Si-HPCH) composed of silanised hydroxypropymethyl cellulose (Si-HPMC) mixed with silanised chitosan. The in vitro cytocompatibility of Si-HPCH was tested using human adipose stromal cells (hASC). In vivo, we first mixed Si-HPCH with hASC to observe cell viability after implantation in nude mice subcutis. Si-HPCH associated or not with canine ASC (cASC), was then tested for the repair of osteochondral defects in canine femoral condyles. Our data demonstrated that Si-HPCH supports hASC viability in culture. Moreover, Si-HPCH allows the transplantation of hASC in the subcutis of nude mice while maintaining their viability and secretory activity. In the canine osteochondral defect model, while the empty defects were only partially filled with a fibrous tissue, defects filled with Si-HPCH with or without cASC, revealed a significant osteochondral regeneration. To conclude, Si-HPCH is an injectable, self-setting and cytocompatible hydrogel able to support the in vitro and in vivo viability and activity of hASC as well as the regeneration of osteochondral defects in dogs when implanted alone or with ASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Boyer
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
| | - Gildas Réthoré
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Service d’Odontologie Restauratrice et Chirurgicale, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Weiss
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Service d’Odontologie Restauratrice et Chirurgicale, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, France
| | - Cyril d’Arros
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
| | - Julie Lesoeur
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
- SC3M – “Electron Microscopy, Microcharacterization and Functional Morphohistology Imaging” Core Facility, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Franc̨ois Bonamy, INSERM – UMS016, CNRS 3556, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Claire Vinatier
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
- SC3M – “Electron Microscopy, Microcharacterization and Functional Morphohistology Imaging” Core Facility, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Franc̨ois Bonamy, INSERM – UMS016, CNRS 3556, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Boris Halgand
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Geffroy
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
- Centre of Research and Preclinical Investigation (C.R.I.P.), ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - Marion Fusellier
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
- Centre of Research and Preclinical Investigation (C.R.I.P.), ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - Gildas Vaillant
- CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, France
- Centre of Research and Preclinical Investigation (C.R.I.P.), ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - Patrice Roy
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
- Centre of Research and Preclinical Investigation (C.R.I.P.), ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - Olivier Gauthier
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
- Centre of Research and Preclinical Investigation (C.R.I.P.), ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- Inserm, UMR 1229, RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
- SC3M – “Electron Microscopy, Microcharacterization and Functional Morphohistology Imaging” Core Facility, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Franc̨ois Bonamy, INSERM – UMS016, CNRS 3556, CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, PHU4 OTONN, Nantes, France
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Vasilyev AV, Kuznetsova VS, Bukharova TB, Zagoskin YD, Leonov GE, Grigoriev TE, Chvalun SN, Goldshtein DV, Kulakov AA. [Chitosan hydrogels biocompatibility improvement with the perspective of use as a base for osteoplastic materials in dentistry]. STOMATOLOGII︠A︡ 2020; 98:12-18. [PMID: 31957416 DOI: 10.17116/stomat20199806212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Using chitosan as the basis for osteoplastic material, we were dealt with its low biocompatibility. The critical assessment of it is poorly presented in the literature and does not have systematic approaches to solving. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of factors affecting chitosan charge and its free amino groups number on the biocompatibility of hydrogels. Biocompatibility of chitosan compositions were studied in male Wistar rats (n=90). The subcutaneous implantation of chitosan discs and hydrogel caused abundant leukocyte infiltration. The addition of β-glycerophosphate followed by dialysis slightly reduced the inflammatory response. Treatment with a solution of alkali NaOH and NaHCO3 buffer, on the contrary, intensified the inflammatory response. It is confirmed the effect of charged amino groups of chitosan on leukocyte taxis A decrease in the deacetylation degree (DD) of chitosan to 39.0% led to a statistically significant decrease in leukocyte infiltration. Saturation of chitosan hydrogels with PLA granules reduced by 16% the level of leukocyte infiltration, which was supposedly associated with a decrease in the volume of the hydrogel and an increase in the area of its interaction with blood plasma proteins, which reduce the positive charge of chitosan. The most significant reduction in leukocyte infiltration was achieved with a combination of deacetylated to 39.0% chitosan hydrogel with the addition of 16% by weight highly porous PLA granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Vasilyev
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia.,Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - V S Kuznetsova
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - T B Bukharova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - G E Leonov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - A A Kulakov
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
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Colobatiu L, Gavan A, Potarniche AV, Rus V, Diaconeasa Z, Mocan A, Tomuta I, Mirel S, Mihaiu M. Evaluation of bioactive compounds-loaded chitosan films as a novel and potential diabetic wound dressing material. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Li S, Tian X, Fan J, Tong H, Ao Q, Wang X. Chitosans for Tissue Repair and Organ Three-Dimensional (3D) Bioprinting. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E765. [PMID: 31717955 PMCID: PMC6915415 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a unique natural resourced polysaccharide derived from chitin with special biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial activity. During the past three decades, chitosan has gradually become an excellent candidate for various biomedical applications with prominent characteristics. Chitosan molecules can be chemically modified, adapting to all kinds of cells in the body, and endowed with specific biochemical and physiological functions. In this review, the intrinsic/extrinsic properties of chitosan molecules in skin, bone, cartilage, liver tissue repair, and organ three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting have been outlined. Several successful models for large scale-up vascularized and innervated organ 3D bioprinting have been demonstrated. Challenges and perspectives in future complex organ 3D bioprinting areas have been analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Li
- Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (S.L.); (X.T.); (J.F.); (H.T.); (Q.A.)
| | - Xiaohong Tian
- Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (S.L.); (X.T.); (J.F.); (H.T.); (Q.A.)
| | - Jun Fan
- Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (S.L.); (X.T.); (J.F.); (H.T.); (Q.A.)
| | - Hao Tong
- Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (S.L.); (X.T.); (J.F.); (H.T.); (Q.A.)
| | - Qiang Ao
- Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (S.L.); (X.T.); (J.F.); (H.T.); (Q.A.)
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (S.L.); (X.T.); (J.F.); (H.T.); (Q.A.)
- Center of Organ Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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16
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Sultankulov B, Berillo D, Sultankulova K, Tokay T, Saparov A. Progress in the Development of Chitosan-Based Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E470. [PMID: 31509976 PMCID: PMC6770583 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, chitosan has become a good candidate for tissue engineering applications. Derived from chitin, chitosan is a unique natural polysaccharide with outstanding properties in line with excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial activity. Due to the presence of free amine groups in its backbone chain, chitosan could be further chemically modified to possess additional functional properties useful for the development of different biomaterials in regenerative medicine. In the current review, we will highlight the progress made in the development of chitosan-containing bioscaffolds, such as gels, sponges, films, and fibers, and their possible applications in tissue repair and regeneration, as well as the use of chitosan as a component for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolat Sultankulov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Dmitriy Berillo
- Water Technology Center (WATEC) Department of Bioscience - Microbiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
- Department of Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Tursonjan Tokay
- School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Arman Saparov
- School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan.
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Yin K, Divakar P, Wegst UGK. Freeze-casting porous chitosan ureteral stents for improved drainage. Acta Biomater 2019; 84:231-241. [PMID: 30414484 PMCID: PMC6864386 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As a new strategy for improved urinary drainage, in parallel to the potential for additional functions such as drug release and self-removal, highly porous chitosan stents are manufactured by radial, bi-directional freeze-casting. Inserting the porous stent in to a silicone tube to emulate its placement in the ureter shows that it is shape conforming and remains safely positioned in place, also during flow tests, including those performed in a peristaltic pump. Cyclic compression tests on fully-hydrated porous stents reveal high stent resilience and close to full elastic recovery upon unloading. The drainage performance of the chitosan stent is evaluated, using effective viscosity in addition to volumetric flow and flux; the porous stent's performance is compared to that of the straight portion of a commercial 8 Fr double-J stent which possesses, in its otherwise solid tube wall, regularly spaced holes along its length. Both the porous and the 8 Fr stent show higher effective viscosities, when tested in the silicone tube. The performance of the porous stent improves considerably more (47.5%) than that of the 8 Fr stent (30.6%) upon removal from the tube, illustrating the effectiveness of the radially aligned porosity for drainage. We conclude that the newly-developed porous chitosan ureteral stent merits further in vitro and in vivo assessment of its promise as an alternative and complement to currently available medical devices. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: No papers, to date, report on porous ureteral stents, which we propose as a new strategy for improved urinary drainage. The highly porous chitosan stents of our study are manufactured by radial, bi-directional freeze casting. Cyclic compression tests on fully-hydrated porous stents revealed high stent resilience and close to full recovery upon unloading. The drainage performance of the chitosan is evaluated, using effective viscosity in addition to volumetric flow and flux, and compared to that of the straight portion of a commercial 8 Fr double-J stent. The performance of the porous stent improves considerably more (47.5%) than that of the 8 Fr stent (30.6%) upon removal from the tube, illustrating the effectiveness of the radially aligned porosity for drainage. While further studies are required to explore other potential benefits of the porous stent design such as antimicrobial behavior, drug release, and biodegradability, we conclude that the newly-developed porous chitosan ureteral stent has considerable potential as a medical device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyang Yin
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Dr, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Prajan Divakar
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Dr, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Ulrike G K Wegst
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Dr, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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Preparation and characterization of spiral-like micro-struts with nano-roughened surface for enhancing the proliferation and differentiation of preosteoblasts. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Güneş S, Tıhmınlıoğlu F. Hypericum perforatum incorporated chitosan films as potential bioactive wound dressing material. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:933-943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Becerra J, Sudre G, Royaud I, Montserret R, Verrier B, Rochas C, Delair T, David L. Tuning the Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Balance to Control the Structure of Chitosan Films and Their Protein Release Behavior. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:1070-1083. [PMID: 27975192 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The control over the crystallinity of chitosan and chitosan/ovalbumin films can be achieved via an appropriate balance of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions during the film formation process, which then controls the release kinetics of ovalbumin. Chitosan films were prepared by solvent casting. The presence of the anhydrous allomorph can be viewed as a probe of the hydrophobic conditions at the neutralization step. The semicrystalline structure, the swelling behavior of the films, the protein/chitosan interactions, and the release behavior of the films were impacted by the DA and the film processing parameters. At low DAs, the chitosan films neutralized in the solid state corresponded to the most hydrophobic environment, inducing the crystallization of the anhydrous allomorph with and without protein. The most hydrophilic conditions, leading to the hydrated allomorph, corresponded to non-neutralized films for the highest DAs. For the non-neutralized chitosan acetate (amorphous) films, the swelling increased when the DA decreased, whereas for the neutralized chitosan films, the swelling decreased. The in vitro release of ovalbumin (model protein) from chitosan films was controlled by their swelling behavior. For fast swelling films (DA = 45%), a burst effect was observed. On the contrary, a lag time was evidenced for DA = 2.5% with a limited release of the protein. Furthermore, by blending chitosans (DA = 2.5% and 45%), the release behavior was improved by reducing the burst effect and the lag time. The secondary structure of ovalbumin was partially maintained in the solid state, and the ovalbumin was released under its native form.
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Escárcega-Galaz AA, Cruz-Mercado JLDL, López-Cervantes J, Sánchez-Machado DI, Brito-Zurita OR, Ornelas-Aguirre JM. Chitosan treatment for skin ulcers associated with diabetes. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 25:130-135. [PMID: 29379369 PMCID: PMC5775090 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections, ulcerations, gangrene and, in severe cases, extremity amputation, are common complications among diabetic subjects. Various biomaterials have been utilized for the treatment of these lesions. Chitosan is an amino sugar with a low risk of toxicity and immune response. In this study, we evaluated chitosan topical gel and film treatments for subjects with diabetic ulcerations and wounds associated with diabetes mellitus. In a pre-experimental design, we described the result of chitosan gel and film treatment for wounds and skin ulcers among patients with long-standing diabetes mellitus. We studied 8 diabetic patients with wounds and skin ulcers (long duration and Wagner degree 1–2). Initially, most lesions had some degree of infection, tissue damage and ulceration. At the end of the treatment (topical chitosan) period, the infections were cured. All patients experienced a significant improvement in the initial injury and developed granulation tissue and a healthy skin cover. This report represents one of the few published clinical experience regarding the chitosan for the treatment of skin lesions among diabetic subjects. These results are relevant and promising for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Aglahe Escárcega-Galaz
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
| | - José Luis De La Cruz-Mercado
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital de Especialidades No. 2, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Jaime López-Cervantes
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Dalia Isabel Sánchez-Machado
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Olga Rosa Brito-Zurita
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital de Especialidades No. 2, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
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Effects of Hypoxia and Chitosan on Equine Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:2987140. [PMID: 27379167 PMCID: PMC4917753 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2987140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan opens new perspectives in regenerative medicine as it enhances the properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through formation of spheroids. Hypoxia has also been proposed to enhance stemness and survival of MSCs after in vivo implantation. These characteristics are relevant to the development of an off-the-shelf source of allogenic cells for regenerative therapy of tendinopathies. Umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCM-MSCs) offer an abundant source of immature and immunoprivileged stem cells. In this study, equine UCM-MSCs (eqUCM-MSCs) conditioned for 3 and 7 days on chitosan films at 5% oxygen were compared to eqUCM-MSCs under standard conditions. Equine UCM-MSCs formed spheroids on chitosan but yielded 72% less DNA than standard eqUCM-MSCs. Expression of Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog was 4 to 10 times greater in conditioned cells at day 7. Fluorescence-labeled cells cultured for 7 days under standard conditions or on chitosan films under hypoxia were compared in a bilateral patellar tendon defect model in rats. Fluorescence was present in all treated tendons, but the modulus of elasticity under tension was greater in tendons treated with conditioned cells. Chitosan and hypoxia affected cell yield but improved the stemness of eqUCM-MSCs and their contribution to the healing of tissues. Given the abundance of allogenic cells, these properties are highly relevant to clinical applications and outweigh the negative impact on cell proliferation.
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Ritz U, Nusselt T, Sewing A, Ziebart T, Kaufmann K, Baranowski A, Rommens PM, Hofmann A. The effect of different collagen modifications for titanium and titanium nitrite surfaces on functions of gingival fibroblasts. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:255-265. [PMID: 26969500 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Targeted modifications of the bulk implant surfaces using bioactive agents provide a promising tool for improvement of the long-term bony and soft tissue integration of dental implants. In this study, we assessed the cellular responses of primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) to different surface modifications of titanium (Ti) and titanium nitride (TiN) alloys with type I collagen or cyclic-RGDfK-peptide in order to define a modification improving long-term implants in dental medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Employing Ti and TiN implants, we compared the performance of simple dip coating and anodic immobilization of type I collagen that provided collagen layers of two different thicknesses. HGF were seeded on the different coated implants, and adhesion, proliferation, and gene expression were analyzed. RESULTS Although there were no strong differences in initial cell adhesion between the groups at 2 and 4 hours, we found that all surface modifications induced higher proliferation rates as compared to the unmodified controls. Consistently, gene expression levels of cell adhesion markers (focal adhesion kinase (FAK), integrin beta1, and vinculin), cell differentiation markers (FGFR1, TGFb-R1), extracellular protein markers (type I collagen, vimentin), and cytoskeletal protein marker aktinin-1 were consistently higher in all surface modification groups at two different time points of investigation as compared to the unmodified controls. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that simple dip coating of Ti and TiN with collagen is sufficient to induce in vitro cellular responses that are comparable to those of more reliable coating methods like anodic adsorption, chemical cross-linking, or RGD coating. TiN alloys do not possess any positive or adverse effects on HGF. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results demonstrate a simple, yet effective, method for collagen coating on titanium implants to improve the long term integration and stability of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ritz
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - T Nusselt
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - A Sewing
- Biomet Deutschland GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Ziebart
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - A Baranowski
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - P M Rommens
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Hofmann
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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Comparison of Engineered Peptide-Glycosaminoglycan Microfibrous Hybrid Scaffolds for Potential Applications in Cartilage Tissue Regeneration. FIBERS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/fib3030265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zander NE, Dong H, Steele J, Grant JT. Metal cation cross-linked nanocellulose hydrogels as tissue engineering substrates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:18502-18510. [PMID: 25295848 DOI: 10.1021/am506007z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of cellulose materials for biomedical applications is attractive due to their low cost, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Specific processing of cellulose to yield nanofibrils further improves mechanical properties and suitability as a tissue engineering substrate due to the similarity to the fibrous structure, porosity, and size-scale of the native extracellular matrix. In order to generate the substrate, nanocellulose hydrogels were fabricated from carboxylated cellulose nanofibrils via hydrogelation using metal salts. Hydrogels cross-linked with Ca(2+) and Fe(3+) were investigated as tissue culture substrates for C3H10T1/2 fibroblast cells. Control substrates as well as those with physically adsorbed and covalently attached fibronectin protein were evaluated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Significantly more cells were attached to surfaces modified with protein, with the highest number of cells adhered to the calcium cross-linked hydrogels with covalently attached protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Zander
- United States Army Research Laboratory, Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, United States
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Fang K, Song W, Wang L, Jia S, Wei H, Ren S, Xu X, Song Y. Immobilization of chitosan film containing semaphorin 3A onto a microarc oxidized titanium implant surface via silane reaction to improve MG63 osteogenic differentiation. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:4649-57. [PMID: 25336945 PMCID: PMC4200022 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s68895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving osseointegration of extensively used titanium (Ti) implants still remains a main theme in implantology. Recently, grafting biomolecules onto a Ti surface has attracted more attention due to their direct participation in the osseointegration process around the implant. Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is a new proven osteoprotection molecule and is considered to be a promising therapeutic agent in bone diseases, but how to immobilize the protein onto a Ti surface to acquire a long-term effect is poorly defined. In our study, we tried to use chitosan to wrap Sema3A (CS/Sema) and connect to the microarc oxidized Ti surface via silane glutaraldehyde coupling. The microarc oxidization could formulate porous topography on a Ti surface, and the covalently bonded coating was homogeneously covered on the ridges between the pores without significant influence on the original topography. A burst release of Sema3A was observed in the first few days in phosphate-buffered saline and could be maintained for >2 weeks. Coating in phosphate-buffered saline containing lysozyme was similar, but the release rate was much more rapid. The coating did not significantly affect cellular adhesion, viability, or cytoskeleton arrangement, but the osteogenic-related gene expression was dramatically increased and calcium deposition was also abundantly detected. In conclusion, covalent bonding of CS/Sema could strongly improve osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts and might be applied for Ti implant surface biofunctionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoru Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingliang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Martins EAN, Michelacci YM, Baccarin RYA, Cogliati B, Silva LCLC. Evaluation of chitosan-GP hydrogel biocompatibility in osteochondral defects: an experimental approach. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:197. [PMID: 25160583 PMCID: PMC4236820 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Articular cartilage, because of its avascular nature, has little capacity for spontaneous healing, and tissue engineering approaches, employing different biomaterials and cells, are under development. Among the investigated biomaterials are the chitosan-based hydrogels. Although thoroughly studied in other mammalian species, studies are scarce in equines. So, the aim of the present study was to investigate the biocompatibility of chitosan-GP in horse joints submitted to high mechanical loads. Results An osteochondral defect was created by arthroscopy in the medial surface of lateral trochlea of talus of left or right leg, randomly selected, from six healthy geldings. The defect was filled up with chitosan-GP. The contralateral joint received an identical defect with no implant. The chondral fragment removed to produce the defect was collected, processed and used as the “Initial” sample (normal cartilage) for histology, immunohistochemistry, and metabolic labelling of PGs. After 180 days, the repair tissues were collected, and also analyzed. At the end of the experiment (180 days after lesion), the total number of cells per field in repair tissues was equal to control, and macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells were not detected, suggesting that no significant inflammation was present. These cells were able to synthesize type II collagen and proteoglycans (PGs). Nevertheless, the cell population in these tissues, both in presence of chitosan-GP and in untreated controls, were heterogeneous, with a lower proportion of type II collagen-positives cells and some with a fibroblastic aspect. Moreover, the PGs synthesized in repair tissues formed in presence or absence of chitosan-GP were similar to those of normal cartilage. However, the chitosan-GP treated tissue had an disorganized appearance, and blood vessels were present. Conclusions Implanted chitosan-GP did not evoke an important inflammatory reaction, and permitted cell growth. These cells were able to synthesize type II collagen and PGs similar to those synthesized in normal cartilage and in healing tissue without implant, indicating its chondrocyte nature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yara M Michelacci
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP, Rua Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo, 04044-020, SP, Brazil.
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Wrobel S, Serra SC, Ribeiro-Samy S, Sousa N, Heimann C, Barwig C, Grothe C, Salgado AJ, Haastert-Talini K. In vitro evaluation of cell-seeded chitosan films for peripheral nerve tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2014; 20:2339-49. [PMID: 24606318 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural biomaterials have attracted an increasing interest in the field of tissue-engineered nerve grafts, representing a possible alternative to autologous nerve transplantation. With the prospect of developing a novel entubulation strategy for transected nerves with cell-seeded chitosan films, we examined the biocompatibility of such films in vitro. Different types of rat Schwann cells (SCs)--immortalized, neonatal, and adult-of the chitosan substrate. Both cell types were viable on the biomaterial and showed different metabolic activities and proliferation behavior, indicating cell-type-specific cell-biomaterial interaction. Moreover, the cell types also displayed their typical morphology. In cocultures adult SCs used the BMSCs as a feeder layer and no negative interactions between both cell types were detected. Further, the chitosan films allow neurite outgrowth from dissociated sensory neurons, which is additionally supported on film preseeded with SC-BMSC cocultures. The presented chitosan films therefore demonstrate high potential for their use in tissue-engineered nerve grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wrobel
- 1 Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy , Hannover, Germany
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Medvecky L, Giretova M, Stulajterova R. Properties and in vitro characterization of polyhydroxybutyrate-chitosan scaffolds prepared by modified precipitation method. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:777-789. [PMID: 24297513 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Porous polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-chitosan biopolymer scaffolds were prepared by co-precipitation from biopolymer solutions with propylene carbonate and acetic acid as solvents. A change of the fibrous character of chitosan precipitates to globular shaped forms with a polyhydroxybutyrate addition was found in suspensions. Scaffolds differ by porosity and morphology of polymers in microstructures, while chitosan represented more compact plate-like fibers and PHB characterized mainly fine fibrous globular agglomerates. Two structurally dissimilar phase regions were verified in blended scaffolds. A rise in the number of smaller pores, and fine structured polymer forms with PHB content were observed in the scaffolds. A significant reduction in the average molecular weight of biopolymers was found in pure chitosan scaffold, this after precipitation of the chitosan in the presence of propylene carbonate and in blends after mutual biopolymer mixing. Interactions between shortened chitosan chains, PHB and chitosan biopolymers in the blends were observed. An excellent fibroblast proliferation was found in scaffolds prepared from biopolymer blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomir Medvecky
- Institute of Materials Research, Slovak Academy of Science, Watsonova 47, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic,
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Iyer SR, Udpa N, Gao Y. Chitosan selectively promotes adhesion of myoblasts over fibroblasts. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1899-906. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shama R. Iyer
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Cornell University, 220 Upson Hall, Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14853
| | - Natasha Udpa
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Cornell University, 220 Upson Hall, Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14853
| | - Yingxin Gao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Cornell University, 220 Upson Hall, Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14853
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Lieder R, Darai M, Orlygsson G, Sigurjonsson OE. Solution casting of chitosan membranes for in vitro evaluation of bioactivity. Biol Proced Online 2013; 15:11. [PMID: 24192423 PMCID: PMC4175485 DOI: 10.1186/1480-9222-15-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considerable research is focusing on the surface modification of titanium implants for the treatment of orthopaedic tissue injuries to increase the success of orthopaedic fixations. Chitosan is one of the natural materials under investigation based on several favourable properties. Numerous techniques have been described for the preparation of chitosan membranes, including solution casting methods for the investigation of bioactivity before applying coatings onto potential titanium implants. Solution casting enables the easy in-house evaluation of chitosan membranes and allows for the selection of promising chitosan materials. Results We present a method for the standardized and easily applied preparation of chitosan membranes by solution casting. This protocol is suitable for chitosan materials spanning a wide degree of deacetylation, being derived from different chitin sources and chitosan derivatives with novel properties. We detail the preparation and quality control methods in order to prepare membranes with favourable bioactivity, sustaining cell attachment and proliferation for extended culture periods. Conclusions The possibilities associated with the use of chitosan in tissue engineering applications are far from being exhausted and numerous challenges remain prior to successful translation into the clinics. Based on our experience, we have developed simple in-house methods for quality control of homogeneous membrane casting and early prediction of successful experimental outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Olafur E Sigurjonsson
- REModeL Laboratory, The Blood Bank, Landspitali University Hospital, Snorrabraut 60, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Leedy MR, Jennings JA, Haggard WO, Bumgardner JD. Effects of VEGF-loaded chitosan coatings. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:752-9. [PMID: 23564543 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a powerful growth factor that promotes vascularization as well as osteoblastic differentiation and bone regeneration, all of which are key processes in the osseointegration of dental implants. Strategies to increase vascularization through delivery of VEGF may improve osseointegration, especially in patients with reduced bone healing potential. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of chitosan coatings on titanium to deliver VEGF and to support growth and matrix production of osteoblastic cells in vitro. Chitosan was chemically bonded to titanium coupons via silane-glutaraldehyde linker molecules and loaded with 0, 20, 50, or 100 ng of VEGF. Protein was released during a three day period with around 75% of VEGF (4.44, 11.37, and 22.10 ng/mL/cm(2) from the 20, 50, and 100 ng loaded levels, respectively) released during the first 12 h, and 90-95% of the VEGF released from the coatings by day 3. Saos-2 bone cells continued to proliferate over the 28-day period on the VEGF-loaded chitosan coatings in contrast to cells seeded on uncoated titanium, which plateaued after 14 days. Cells on uncoated titanium exhibited a peak in alkaline phosphatase expression at approximately 14 days, concomitant with the plateau in growth. While osteoblast-like cells on all chitosan coatings exhibited up to a 2-fold enhancement of the alkaline phosphatase activity and 10-fold increase in calcium deposition compared to uncoated controls, the incorporation of VEGF into the coatings did not enhance osteoblast matrix production over plain chitosan coatings throughout this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Leedy
- University of Memphis, Biomedical Engineering, 330 Engineering Technology Building, Memphis, Tennessee, 38122
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Marie H, Barrere A, Schoentstein F, Chavanne MH, Grosgogeat B, Mora L. PEM anchorage on titanium using catechol grafting. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50326. [PMID: 23226262 PMCID: PMC3511452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study deals with the anchorage of polyelectrolyte films onto titanium surfaces via a cathecol-based linker for biomedical applications. METHODOLOGY The following study uses a molecule functionalized with a catechol and a carboxylic acid: 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid. This molecule is anchored to the TiO(2) substrate via the catechol while the carboxylic acid reacts with polymers bearing amine groups. By providing a film anchorage of chemisorption type, it makes possible to deposit polyelectrolytes on the surface of titanium. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements show that the different steps of grafting have been successfully performed. CONCLUSIONS This method based on catechol anchorage of polyelectrolytes open a window towards large possibilities of clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Marie
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BPC, Villetaneuse, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, Hemostasis Bio-engineering and Cardiovascular Remodelling, Paris, France; INSERM, U698, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Barrere
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BPC, Villetaneuse, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, Hemostasis Bio-engineering and Cardiovascular Remodelling, Paris, France; INSERM, U698, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Schoentstein
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux, CNRS (UPR 3407), Villetaneuse, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Chavanne
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux, CNRS (UPR 3407), Villetaneuse, France
| | - Brigitte Grosgogeat
- UMR CNRS 5615 Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et des Interfaces, UFR d’Odontologie, Université Lyon 1, Lyon SCTD, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laurence Mora
- Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, BPC, Villetaneuse, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, Hemostasis Bio-engineering and Cardiovascular Remodelling, Paris, France; INSERM, U698, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Zugravu MV, Smith RA, Reves BT, Jennings JA, Cooper JO, Haggard WO, Bumgardner JD. Physical properties and in vitro evaluation of collagen-chitosan-calcium phosphate microparticle-based scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. J Biomater Appl 2012; 28:566-79. [PMID: 23128039 DOI: 10.1177/0885328212465662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to limitations of bone autografts and allografts, synthetic bone grafts using osteoconductive biomaterials have been designed. In this study, collagen-chitosan-calcium phosphate microparticle-based scaffolds fused with glycolic acid were compared to their counterparts without collagen in terms of degradation, cytocompatibility, porosity, and Young's modulus. It was found that 26-30% collagen was incorporated and that hydroxyapatite was present. Moreover, there were no differences between control and collagen scaffolds in degradation, cytocompatibility, porosity, and Young's modulus. In general, scaffolds exhibited 23% porosity, 0.6-1.2 MPa Young's modulus, 23% degradation over 4 weeks, and supported a four to seven fold increase in osteoblast cell number over 7 days in culture. Collagen can be incorporated into these bone graft substitute scaffolds, which show an improved degradation profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica V Zugravu
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, USA
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Functionalization of titanium with chitosan via silanation: evaluation of biological and mechanical performances. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39367. [PMID: 22859940 PMCID: PMC3409222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Complications in dentistry and orthopaedic surgery are mainly induced by peri-implant bacterial infections and current implant devices do not prevent such infections. The coating of antibacterial molecules such as chitosan on its surface would give the implant bioactive properties. The major challenge of this type of coating is the attachment of chitosan to a metal substrate. In this study, we propose to investigate the functionalization of titanium with chitosan via a silanation. Firstly, the surface chemistry and mechanical properties of such coating were evaluated. We also verified if the coated chitosan retained its biocompatibility with the peri-implant cells, as well as its antibacterial properties. FTIR and Tof-SIMS analyses confirmed the presence of chitosan on the titanium surface. This coating showed great scratch resistance and was strongly adhesive to the substrate. These mechanical properties were consistent with an implantology application. The Chitosan-coated surfaces showed strong inhibition of Actinomyces naeslundii growth; they nonetheless showed a non significant inhibition against Porphyromonas gingivalis after 32 hours in liquid media. The chitosan-coating also demonstrated good biocompatibility to NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Thus this method of covalent coating provides a biocompatible material with improved bioactive properties. These results proved that covalent coating of chitosan has significant potential in biomedical device implantation.
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Soran Z, Aydın RST, Gümüşderelioğlu M. Chitosan scaffolds with BMP-6 loaded alginate microspheres for periodontal tissue engineering. J Microencapsul 2012; 29:770-80. [PMID: 22612554 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.686531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop an effective growth factor releasing scaffold-microsphere system for promoting periodontal tissue engineering. Bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6)-loaded alginate microspheres in narrow size distribution were produced by optimising electrospraying conditions. The addition of these microspheres to chitosan gels produced a novel scaffold in which not only the pore sizes and interconnectivity were preserved, but also a controlled release vehicle was generated. Loading capacity was adjusted as 50 ng or 100 ng BMP-6 for each scaffold and the controlled release behaviour of BMP-6 from chitosan scaffolds was observed during seven days. Cell culture studies were carried out with rat mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow in three groups; chitosan scaffolds, chitosan scaffolds containing BMP-6-loaded alginate microspheres and chitosan scaffolds with free BMP-6 in culture medium. Results showed that controlled delivery of BMP-6 from alginate microspheres has a significant effect on osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Soran
- Department of Bioengineering, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
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Consequences of Neutralization on the Proliferation and Cytoskeletal Organization of Chondrocytes on Chitosan-Based Matrices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1155/2011/809743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In tissue engineering strategies that seek to repair or regenerate native tissues, adhesion of cells to scaffolds or matrices is essential and has the potential to influence subsequent cellular events. Our focus in this paper is to better understand the impact of cellular seeding and adhesion in the context of cartilage tissue engineering. When scaffolds or surfaces are constructed from chitosan, the scaffolds must be first neutralized with sodium hydroxide and then washed copiously to render the surface, cell compatible. We seek to better understand the effect of surface pretreatment regimen on the cellular response to chitosan-based surfaces. In the present paper, sodium hydroxide concentration was varied between 0.1 M and 0.5 M and two different contacting times were studied: 10 minutes and 30 minutes. The different pretreatment conditions were noted to affect cell proliferation, morphology, and cytoskeletal distribution. An optimal set of experimental parameters were noted for improving cell growth on scaffolds.
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Cheng N, Cao X. Photosensitive chitosan to control cell attachment. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 361:71-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Griffon DJ, Abulencia JP, Ragetly GR, Fredericks LP, Chaieb S. A comparative study of seeding techniques and three-dimensional matrices for mesenchymal cell attachment. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 5:169-79. [DOI: 10.1002/term.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mecwan MM, Rapalo GE, Mishra SR, Haggard WO, Bumgardner JD. Effect of molecular weight of chitosan degraded by microwave irradiation on lyophilized scaffold for bone tissue engineering applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 97:66-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Leedy MR, Martin HJ, Norowski PA, Jennings JA, Haggard WO, Bumgardner JD. Use of Chitosan as a Bioactive Implant Coating for Bone-Implant Applications. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ragetly G, Griffon DJ, Chung YS. The effect of type II collagen coating of chitosan fibrous scaffolds on mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and chondrogenesis. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:3988-97. [PMID: 20580951 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The biocompatibility of chitosan and its similarity to glycosaminoglycans (GAG) make it attractive for cartilage tissue engineering. We have previously reported improved chondrogenesis but limited cell adhesion on chitosan scaffolds. Our objectives were to produce chitosan scaffolds coated with different densities of type II collagen and to evaluate the effect of this coating on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adhesion and chondrogenesis. Chitosan fibrous scaffolds were obtained by a wet spinning method and coated with type II collagen at two different densities. A polyglycolic acid mesh served as a reference group. The scaffolds were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and type II collagen content. Constructs were analyzed after MSCs seeding via live/dead assay, weight and DNA evaluations, SEM, and TEM. Constructs were cultured in chondrogenic medium for 21 days prior to quantitative analysis (weight, DNA, and GAG), SEM, TEM, histology, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. The cell attachment and distribution after seeding correlated with the density of type II collagen. The cell number, the matrix production, and the expression of genes specific for chondrogenesis were improved after culture in collagen coated chitosan constructs. These findings encourage the use of type II collagen for coating chitosan scaffolds to improve MSCs adhesion and chondrogenesis, and confirm the importance of biomimetic scaffolds for tissue engineering.
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Abarrategi A, Lópiz-Morales Y, Ramos V, Civantos A, López-Durán L, Marco F, López-Lacomba JL. Chitosan scaffolds for osteochondral tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 95:1132-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ragetly GR, Griffon DJ, Lee HB, Chung YS. Effect of collagen II coating on mesenchymal stem cell adhesion on chitosan and on reacetylated chitosan fibrous scaffolds. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:2479-2490. [PMID: 20499139 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The biocompatibility and biomimetic properties of chitosan make it attractive for tissue engineering but its use is limited by its cell adhesion properties. Our objectives were to produce and characterize chitosan and reacetylated-chitosan fibrous scaffolds coated with type II collagen and to evaluate the effect of these chemical modifications on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adhesion. Chitosan and reacetylated-chitosan scaffolds obtained by a wet spinning method were coated with type II collagen. Scaffolds were characterized prior to seeding with MSCs. The constructs were analyzed for cell binding kinetics, numbers, distribution and viability. Cell attachment and distribution were improved on chitosan coated with type II collagen. MSCs adhered less to reacetylated-chitosan and collagen coating did not improve MSCs attachment on those scaffolds. These findings are promising and encourage the evaluation of the differentiation of MSCs in collagen-coated chitosan scaffolds. However, the decreased cell adhesion on reacetylated chitosan scaffold seems difficult to overcome and will limit its use for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume R Ragetly
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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Wang C, Javadi A, Ghaffari M, Gong S. A pH-sensitive molecularly imprinted nanospheres/hydrogel composite as a coating for implantable biosensors. Biomaterials 2010; 31:4944-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Ragetly GR, Slavik GJ, Cunningham BT, Schaeffer DJ, Griffon DJ. Cartilage tissue engineering on fibrous chitosan scaffolds produced by a replica molding technique. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 93:46-55. [PMID: 19484774 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The biocompatibility of chitosan and its similarity with glycosaminoglycans make it attractive as a scaffold for cartilage engineering. Fibrous scaffolds may simulate cartilage extracellular matrix structure and promote chondrocyte functions. Our objectives were to produce chitosan fibers of different size and evaluate their potential for chondrogenesis. A novel replica molding technique was developed to produce chitosan nonwoven scaffolds made of fiber measuring 4, 13, or 22 mum in width. A polyglycolic acid mesh (PGA) served as a reference group. Controls were analyzed 48 h after seeding porcine chondrocytes via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), DNA, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) quantifications. Constructs were cultured for 21 days prior to confocal microscopy, SEM, histology, and quantitative analysis (weight, water, DNA, GAG and collagen II). Chondrocytes maintained their phenotypic appearance and a viability above 85% on the chitosan scaffolds. Chondrocytes attach preferentially to PGA, resulting in a greater cellularity of these constructs. However, based on the GAG/DNA and Collagen II/DNA ratios, matrix production per chondrocyte was improved in chitosan constructs, especially on smaller fibers. The differences between PGA and chitosan are more likely to result from the chemical composition rather than their structural characteristics. Although chitosan appears to promote matrix formation, further studies should be aimed at improving its cell adhesion properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume R Ragetly
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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Sangsanoh P, Suwantong O, Neamnark A, Cheepsunthorn P, Pavasant P, Supaphol P. In vitro biocompatibility of electrospun and solvent-cast chitosan substrata towards Schwann, osteoblast, keratinocyte and fibroblast cells. Eur Polym J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractWe examined the effects of chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) with different molecular weights (COS-A, 10 kDa < MW < 20 kDa; COS-C, 1 kDa < MW < 3 kDa) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide and on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW264.7 macrophages. COS-A (0.4%) and COS-C (0.2%) significantly inhibited PGE2 production in LPS-stimulated macrophages without cytotoxicity. The effect of COS-A and COS-C on COX-2 expression in activated macrophages was also investigated by immunoblotting. The inhibition of PGE2 by COS-A and COS-C can be attributed to the blocking of COX-2 protein expression. COS-A (0.4%) and COS-C (0.2%) also markedly inhibited the LPS-induced NO production of RAW 264.7 cells by 50.2% and 44.1%, respectively. The inhibition of NO by COSs was consistent with decreases in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression. To test the inhibitory effects of COS-A and COS-C on other cytokines, we also performed ELISA assays for IL-1β in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, but only a dose-dependent decrease in the IL-1β production exerted by COS-A was observed. In order to test for irritation and the potential sensitization of COS-A and COS-C for use as cosmetic materials, human skin primary irritation tests were performed on 32 volunteers; no adverse reactions of COSs usage were observed. Based on these results, we suggest that COS-A and COS-C be considered possible anti-inflammatory candidates for topical application.
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Ribeiro MP, Espiga A, Silva D, Baptista P, Henriques J, Ferreira C, Silva JC, Borges JP, Pires E, Chaves P, Correia IJ. Development of a new chitosan hydrogel for wound dressing. Wound Repair Regen 2009; 17:817-24. [PMID: 19903303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2009.00538.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process involving an integrated response by many different cell types and growth factors in order to achieve rapid restoration of skin architecture and function. The present study evaluated the applicability of a chitosan hydrogel (CH) as a wound dressing. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was used to characterize CH morphology. Fibroblast cells isolated from rat skin were used to assess the cytotoxicity of the hydrogel. CH was able to promote cell adhesion and proliferation. Cell viability studies showed that the hydrogel and its degradation by-products are noncytotoxic. The evaluation of the applicability of CH in the treatment of dermal burns in Wistar rats was performed by induction of full-thickness transcutaneous dermal wounds. Wound healing was monitored through macroscopic and histological analysis. From macroscopic analysis, the wound beds of the animals treated with CH were considerably smaller than those of the controls. Histological analysis revealed lack of a reactive or a granulomatous inflammatory reaction in skin lesions with CH and the absence of pathological abnormalities in the organs obtained by necropsy, which supported the local and systemic histocompatibility of the biomaterial. The present results suggest that this biomaterial may aid the re-establishment of skin architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiano P Ribeiro
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Abarrategi A, García-Cantalejo J, Moreno-Vicente C, Civantos A, Ramos V, Casado JVS, Pérez-Rial S, Martńez-Corriá R, López-Lacomba JL. Gene expression profile on chitosan/rhBMP-2 films: A novel osteoinductive coating for implantable materials. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:2633-46. [PMID: 19342322 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study focusses on the gene expression profile related to a new rhBMP-2 carrier material, chitosan film. This film could be suitable for use as an osteoinductive coating of commercially available titanium implants. The developed material was characterized, biocompatibility was tested and the cellular response was extensively characterized by transcriptional expression studies. Finally, in vivo studies were carried out to confirm the osteoinductivity of the developed coating. Results show good material properties for cell adhesion and proliferation. Presented data show cellular differentiation to the osteoblastic phenotype due to rhBMP-2, with a 90% common transcriptional response between the control rhBMP-2 treatment and the developed chitosan/rhBMP-2 film. The growing surface also had an influence on the observed cellular response and was quantified as 7% of the total. These results indicate that both the growth factor and the material induce a cell response, but this is mainly driven by the osteoinductor factor. In vivo, new bone formation and early vascularization was observed around chitosan/rhBMP-2 coated titanium pieces implanted in mouse muscle. In contrast, control implants did not induce this reaction. This work, therefore, shows both in vitro and in vivo that chitosan/rhBMP-2 film is a promising osteoinductive coating for titanium implantable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ander Abarrategi
- Instituto de Estudios Biofuncionales, Universidad Complutense, Paseo Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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