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Hong SJ, Kim DH, Ryoo JH, Park SM, Kwon HC, Keum DH, Shin DM, Han SG. Influence of Gelatin on Adhesion, Proliferation, and Adipogenic Differentiation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Cultured on Soy Protein-Agarose Scaffolds. Foods 2024; 13:2247. [PMID: 39063331 PMCID: PMC11276222 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Scaffolds play a key role in cultured meat production by providing an optimal environment for efficient cell attachment, growth, and development. This study investigated the effects of gelatin coating on the adhesion, proliferation, and adipogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) cultured on soy protein-agarose scaffolds. Gelatin-coated scaffolds were prepared using 0.5% and 1.0% (w/v) gelatin solutions. The microstructure, water absorption rate, mechanical strength, cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation capabilities of the scaffolds were analyzed. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed the porous microstructure of the scaffolds, which was suitable for cell growth. Gelatin-coated scaffolds exhibited a significantly higher water absorption rate than that of non-coated scaffolds, indicating increased hydrophilicity. In addition, gelatin coating increased the mechanical strength of the scaffolds. Gelatin coating did not show cytotoxicity but significantly enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. The gene expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, CCAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha, and fatty acid-binding protein 4 were upregulated, and lipid accumulation was increased by gelatin coating. These findings suggest that gelatin-coated scaffolds provide a supportive microenvironment for ADSC growth and differentiation, highlighting their potential as a strategy for the improvement of cultured meat production and adipose tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Joon Hong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.H.); (D.-H.K.); (J.-H.R.); (S.-M.P.); (H.-C.K.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Do-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.H.); (D.-H.K.); (J.-H.R.); (S.-M.P.); (H.-C.K.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Ji-Hwan Ryoo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.H.); (D.-H.K.); (J.-H.R.); (S.-M.P.); (H.-C.K.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Su-Min Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.H.); (D.-H.K.); (J.-H.R.); (S.-M.P.); (H.-C.K.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Hyuk-Cheol Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.H.); (D.-H.K.); (J.-H.R.); (S.-M.P.); (H.-C.K.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Dong-Hyun Keum
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.H.); (D.-H.K.); (J.-H.R.); (S.-M.P.); (H.-C.K.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Dong-Min Shin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Gu Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.H.); (D.-H.K.); (J.-H.R.); (S.-M.P.); (H.-C.K.); (D.-H.K.)
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Additive Manufacturing of Bone Scaffolds Using PolyJet and Stereolithography Techniques. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the printing capability of two different additive manufacturing (3D printing) techniques, namely PolyJet and micro-stereolithography (µSLA), are investigated regarding the fabrication of bone scaffolds. The 3D-printed scaffold structures are used as supports in replacing and repairing fractured bone tissue. Printed bone scaffolds with complex structures produced using additive manufacturing technology can mimic the mechanical properties of natural human bone, providing lightweight structures with modifiable porosity levels. In this study, 3D scaffold structures are designed with different combinations of architectural parameters. The dimensional accuracy, permeability, and mechanical properties of complex 3D-printed scaffold structures are analyzed to compare the advantages and drawbacks associated with the two techniques. The fluid flow rates through the 3D-printed scaffold structures are measured and Darcy’s law is applied to calculate the experimentally measured permeability. The Kozeny–Carman equation is applied for theoretical calculation of permeability. Compression tests were performed on the printed samples to observe the effects of the printing techniques on the mechanical properties of the 3D-printed scaffold structures. The effect of the printing direction on the mechanical properties of the 3D-printed scaffold structures is also analyzed. The scaffold structures printed with the µSLA printer demonstrate higher permeability and mechanical properties as compared to those printed using the PolyJet technique. It is demonstrated that both the µSLA and PolyJet printing techniques can be used to print 3D scaffold structures with controlled porosity levels, providing permeability in a similar range to human bone.
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Cho YS, Hong MW, Jeong HJ, Lee SJ, Kim YY, Cho YS. The fabrication of well-interconnected polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds, enhancing the exposure of hydroxyapatite using the wire-network molding technique. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:2315-2325. [PMID: 27504613 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the fabrication method was proposed for the well-interconnected polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite composite scaffold with exposed hydroxyapatite using modified WNM technique. To characterize well-interconnected scaffolds in terms of hydroxyapatite exposure, several assessments were performed as follows: morphology, mechanical property, wettability, calcium ion release, and cell response assessments. The results of these assessments were compared with those of control scaffolds which were fabricated by precision extruding deposition (PED) apparatus. The control PED scaffolds have interconnected pores with nonexposed hydroxyapatite. Consequently, cell attachment of proposed WNM scaffold was improved by increased hydrophilicity and surface roughness of scaffold surface resulting from the exposure of hydroxyapatite particles and fabrication process using powders. Moreover, cell proliferation and differentiation of WNM scaffold were increased, because the exposure of hydroxyapatite particles may enhance cell adhesion and calcium ion release. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2315-2325, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sang Cho
- Division of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Wha Hong
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 64, Daeheungro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-723, Republic of korea
| | - Hoon-Jin Jeong
- Division of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Division of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Yul Kim
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 64, Daeheungro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-723, Republic of korea
| | - Young-Sam Cho
- Division of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
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Shao RX, Quan RF, Huang XL, Wang T, Xie SJ, Gao HH, Wei XC, Yang DS. Evaluation of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composites for repair of lumbar vertebra defect in dogs. J Biomater Appl 2016; 30:1312-21. [PMID: 26809701 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215627616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of porous gradient composites with hydroxyapatite/zirconia and autologous iliac in repair of lumbar vertebra body defects in dogs. Methods (1) New porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composites were prepared using foam immersion, gradient compound and high temperature sintering; (2) A total of 18 adult beagle dogs, aged five to eight months and weighted 10–13 kg, were randomly assigned into two subgroups, which were implanted with new porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composites (subgroup A in 12) or autologous iliac bone (subgroup B in 6); (3) The post-operative data were analyzed and compared between the subgroups to repair the vertebral body defect by roentgenoscopy, morphology and biomechanics. Results The porosity of new porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composites is at 25 poles per inch, and the size of pores is at between 150 and 300 µm. The post-operative roentgenoscopy displayed that new-bone formation is increased gradually, and the interface between composites and host-bone becomes became blur, and the new-bone around the composites were integrated into host-bone at 24 weeks postoperatively in subgroup A. As to subgroup B, the resorption and restructure were found at six weeks after the surgery, and the graft-bone and host-bone have been integrated completely without obvious boundary at 24 weeks postoperatively. Histomorphologic study showed that the amount of bone within pores of the porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composites increased continuously with a prolonged implantation time, and that partial composites were degradated and replaced by new-bone trabeculae. There was no significant difference between subgroups ( P > 0.05) in the ultimate compressive strengths. Conclusion New porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composites can promote the repair of bony defect, and induce bone tissue to ingrow into the pores, which may be applied widely to the treatment of bony defect in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Xue Shao
- Research Institute of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ren-Fu Quan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Long Huang
- Research Institute of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Research Institute of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shang-Ju Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan-Huan Gao
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, YunNan, China
| | - Xi-Cheng Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di-Sheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Philippart A, Boccaccini AR, Fleck C, Schubert DW, Roether JA. Toughening and functionalization of bioactive ceramic and glass bone scaffolds by biopolymer coatings and infiltration: a review of the last 5 years. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 12:93-111. [PMID: 25331196 DOI: 10.1586/17434440.2015.958075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic scaffolds with high interconnected porosity based on bioactive glasses and ceramics are prime candidates for applications in bone tissue engineering. These materials however exhibit relatively low fracture strength and high brittleness. A simple and effective approach to improve the toughness is to combine the basic scaffold structure with polymer coatings or through the formation of interpenetrating polymer-bioactive ceramic microstructures. The polymeric phase can additionally serve as a carrier for growth factors and therapeutic drugs, thus adding biological functionalities. The present paper reviews the state-of-the art in the field of polymer coated and infiltrated bioactive inorganic scaffolds. Based on the notable combination of bioactivity, improved mechanical properties and drug or growth factor delivery capability, this scaffold type is a candidate for bone and osteochondral regeneration strategies. Remaining challenges for the improvement of the materials are discussed and opportunities to broaden the application potential of this scaffold type are also highlighted.
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Abstract
Hydroxapatite (HA) is a stable phase with low dissolution rate in body fluid. Meanwhile, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is rather soluble but the dissolution rate is too fast for bone bonding. Therefore a mixture of both is desirable to control the bioresorbability. In this work, calcium phosphate powder has been synthesized via sol gel and wet precipitation method to compare phase behaviour of these powders upon calcination. XRD result clearly revealed that both as-synthesized powders were pure HA with good purity. The decomposition of HA to TCP took place in the range of 700-800 °C and 800-900 °C for sol gel and wet chemical precipitation powder, respectively. The weight loss detected at 700-850°C in TGA analysis confirmed the presence of this biphasic mixtures.From FTIR analysis, profound change in OH-band intensity was attributed to the increased in HA crystallinity with calcination temperature.
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Desimone D, Li W, Roether JA, Schubert DW, Crovace MC, Rodrigues ACM, Zanotto ED, Boccaccini AR. Biosilicate ®-gelatine bone scaffolds by the foam replica technique: development and characterization. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2013; 14:045008. [PMID: 27877601 PMCID: PMC5090327 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/14/4/045008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of bioactive glass-ceramic materials has been a topic of great interest aiming at enhancing the mechanical strength of traditional bioactive scaffolds. In the present study, we test and demonstrate the use of Biosilicate® glass-ceramic powder to fabricate bone scaffolds by the foam replica method. Scaffolds possessing the main requirements for use in bone tissue engineering (95% porosity, 200-500 μm pore size) were successfully produced. Gelatine coating was investigated as a simple approach to increase the mechanical competence of the scaffolds. The gelatine coating did not affect the interconnectivity of the pores and did not significantly affect the bioactivity of the Biosilicate® scaffold. The gelatine coating significantly improved the compressive strength (i.e. 0.80 ± 0.05 MPa of coated versus 0.06 ± 0.01 MPa of uncoated scaffolds) of the Biosilicate® scaffold. The combination of Biosilicate® glass-ceramic and gelatine is attractive for producing novel scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Desimone
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Judith A Roether
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk W Schubert
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Murilo C Crovace
- Vitreous Materials Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Candida M Rodrigues
- Vitreous Materials Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar D Zanotto
- Vitreous Materials Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Abstract
Highly porous 45S5 Bioglass® scaffolds were fabricated by the foam replica method and successfully coated with a well attached gelatin layer by dipping and pipetting methods. Depending on macropore size of the scaffold and gelatin concentration, mechanically enhanced scaffolds with improved compressive strength in comparison to uncoated scaffolds could be obtained while preserving the high and interconnected porosity that is required for bone in-growth. Moreover, the scaffolds bioactivity by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) was investigated showing that gelatin coating preserves the intrinsic bioactivity of the Bioglass® scaffold. It was also shown that the gelatin layer can be loaded with tetracycline hydrochloride for developing scaffolds with drug delivery capability.
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Nooeaid P, Salih V, Beier JP, Boccaccini AR. Osteochondral tissue engineering: scaffolds, stem cells and applications. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:2247-70. [PMID: 22452848 PMCID: PMC3823419 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral tissue engineering has shown an increasing development to provide suitable strategies for the regeneration of damaged cartilage and underlying subchondral bone tissue. For reasons of the limitation in the capacity of articular cartilage to self-repair, it is essential to develop approaches based on suitable scaffolds made of appropriate engineered biomaterials. The combination of biodegradable polymers and bioactive ceramics in a variety of composite structures is promising in this area, whereby the fabrication methods, associated cells and signalling factors determine the success of the strategies. The objective of this review is to present and discuss approaches being proposed in osteochondral tissue engineering, which are focused on the application of various materials forming bilayered composite scaffolds, including polymers and ceramics, discussing the variety of scaffold designs and fabrication methods being developed. Additionally, cell sources and biological protein incorporation methods are discussed, addressing their interaction with scaffolds and highlighting the potential for creating a new generation of bilayered composite scaffolds that can mimic the native interfacial tissue properties, and are able to adapt to the biological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharakamon Nooeaid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
| | - Vehid Salih
- Eastman Dental Institute, UCLLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen, Germany
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Yang JH, Kim KH, You CK, Rautray TR, Kwon TY. Synthesis of spherical hydroxyapatite granules with interconnected pore channels using camphene emulsion. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2011; 99:150-7. [PMID: 21714080 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to fabricate porous spherical hydroxyapatite (HA) granules with interconnected pore channels for use as a bone graft substitute. Various weights of camphene porogen were mixed with nano-sized HA powder (camphene/HA = 0, 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90% w/w) and 10% gelatin aqueous solution then added to the mixture. The water-in-oil emulsion method was employed to obtain spherical-shaped granules, of which those 1000-2000 μm in diameter were selectively classified using a standard sieve set. Thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction were used to determine optimal sintering conditions. The sintered granules were characterized using field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), microcomputed tomography, and porosimetry. The pore size and porosity of spherical HA granules increased with the addition of camphene. Granules with a HA/camphene ratio of 90% (HG90) demonstrated macropores (>50 μm) with interconnected pore channels (porosity: 58.49%). In addition, FE-SEM examination of HG90 coated with polycaprolactone showed that the granule may hold promise as a drug delivery carrier. We concluded that these HG90 granules merit consideration as a bone graft substitute or drug delivery carrier in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ho Yang
- Department of Medical and Biological Engineering, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu 700-412, Korea
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