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Klara J, Onak S, Kowalczyk A, Wójcik K, Lewandowska-Łańcucka J. Photocrosslinked gelatin/chondroitin sulfate/chitosan-based composites with tunable multifunctionality for bone tissue regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132675. [PMID: 38845259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Novel hydrogel-based multifunctional systems prepared utilizing photocrosslinking and freeze-drying processes (PhotoCross/Freeze-dried) dedicated for bone tissue regeneration are presented. Fabricated materials, composed of methacrylated gelatin, chitosan, and chondroitin sulfate, possess interesting features including bioactivity, biocompatibility, as well as antibacterial activity. Importantly, their degradation and swellability might be easily tuned by playing with the biopolymeric content in the photocrosllinked systems. To broaden the potential application and deliver the therapeutic features, mesoporous silica particles functionalized with methacrylate moieties decorated with hydroxyapatite and loaded with the antiosteoporotic drug, alendronate, (MSP-MA-HAp-ALN) were dispersed within the biopolymeric sol and photocrosslinked. It was demonstrated that the obtained composites are characterized by a significantly extended degradation time, ensuring optimal conditions for balancing hybrids removal with the deposition of fresh bone. We have shown that attachment of MSP-MA-HAp-ALN to the polymeric matrix minimizes the initial burst effect and provides a prolonged release of ALN (up to 22 days). Moreover, the biological evaluation in vitro suggested the capability of the resulted systems to promote bone remodeling. Developed materials might potentially serve as scaffolds that after implantation will fill up bone defects of various origin (osteoporosis, tumour resection, accidents) providing the favourable conditions for bone regeneration and supporting the infections' treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Klara
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sylwia Onak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kowalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Wójcik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Martinez-Garcia FD, Fischer T, Hayn A, Mierke CT, Burgess JK, Harmsen MC. A Beginner’s Guide to the Characterization of Hydrogel Microarchitecture for Cellular Applications. Gels 2022; 8:gels8090535. [PMID: 36135247 PMCID: PMC9498492 DOI: 10.3390/gels8090535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a three-dimensional, acellular scaffold of living tissues. Incorporating the ECM into cell culture models is a goal of cell biology studies and requires biocompatible materials that can mimic the ECM. Among such materials are hydrogels: polymeric networks that derive most of their mass from water. With the tuning of their properties, these polymer networks can resemble living tissues. The microarchitectural properties of hydrogels, such as porosity, pore size, fiber length, and surface topology can determine cell plasticity. The adequate characterization of these parameters requires reliable and reproducible methods. However, most methods were historically standardized using other biological specimens, such as 2D cell cultures, biopsies, or even animal models. Therefore, their translation comes with technical limitations when applied to hydrogel-based cell culture systems. In our current work, we have reviewed the most common techniques employed in the characterization of hydrogel microarchitectures. Our review provides a concise description of the underlying principles of each method and summarizes the collective data obtained from cell-free and cell-loaded hydrogels. The advantages and limitations of each technique are discussed, and comparisons are made. The information presented in our current work will be of interest to researchers who employ hydrogels as platforms for cell culture, 3D bioprinting, and other fields within hydrogel-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Drusso Martinez-Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tony Fischer
- Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Hayn
- Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Pneumology, Infectiology Department of Hepatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Tanja Mierke
- Biological Physics Division, Peter Debye Institute of Soft Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Science, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.T.M.); (M.C.H.)
| | - Janette Kay Burgess
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Conrad Harmsen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 (EA11), 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (C.T.M.); (M.C.H.)
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Solano AG, Dupuy J, Therriault H, Liberelle B, Faucheux N, Lauzon MA, Virgilio N, Paquette B. An alginate-based macroporous hydrogel matrix to trap cancer cells. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118115. [PMID: 34044932 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the radioresistance of glioblastoma (GBM) cells infiltrated in the brain, we propose to attract these cancer cells into a trap to which a lethal radiation dose can be delivered safely. Herein, we have prepared and characterized a sodium alginate-based macroporous hydrogel as a potential cancer cell trap. Microcomputed X-ray tomography shows that the hydrogel matrices comprise interconnected pores with an average diameter of 300 μm. The F98 GBM cells migrated in the pores and mainly accumulated in the center of the matrix. Depending on the number of cancer cells added, the grafting of RGD cell-adhesion peptides to the alginate resulted in a 4 to 10 times increase in the number of F98 cells (which overexpress the associated αvβ3 and αvβ5 binding integrins) retained in the matrix. Finally, a radiation dose of 25 Gy eliminated all F98 cells trapped in the matrix, without significantly altering the matrix mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Giraldo Solano
- Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Joan Dupuy
- Centre de recherche sur les systèmes polymères et composites à haute performance (CREPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 2900, boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hélène Therriault
- Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoît Liberelle
- Centre de recherche sur les systèmes polymères et composites à haute performance (CREPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 2900, boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Faucheux
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Lauzon
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Nick Virgilio
- Centre de recherche sur les systèmes polymères et composites à haute performance (CREPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 2900, boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Benoit Paquette
- Center for Research in Radiotherapy, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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Hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate (meth)acrylate-based hydrogels for tissue engineering: Synthesis, characteristics and pre-clinical evaluation. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120602. [PMID: 33360302 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels based on photocrosslinkable Hyaluronic Acid Methacrylate (HAMA) and Chondroitin Sulfate Methacrylate (CSMA) are presently under investigation for tissue engineering applications. HAMA and CSMA gels offer tunable characteristics such as tailorable mechanical properties, swelling characteristics, and enzymatic degradability. This review gives an overview of the scientific literature published regarding the pre-clinical development of covalently crosslinked hydrogels that (partially) are based on HAMA and/or CSMA. Throughout the review, recommendations for the next steps in clinical translation of hydrogels based on HAMA or CSMA are made and potential pitfalls are defined. Specifically, a myriad of different synthetic routes to obtain polymerizable hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate derivatives are described. The effects of important parameters such as degree of (meth)acrylation and molecular weight of the synthesized polymers on the formed hydrogels are discussed and useful analytical techniques for their characterization are summarized. Furthermore, the characteristics of the formed hydrogels including their enzymatic degradability are discussed. Finally, a summary of several recent applications of these hydrogels in applied fields such as cartilage and cardiac regeneration and advanced tissue modelling is presented.
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Influence of succinylation of a wide-pore albumin cryogels on their properties, structure, biodegradability, and release dynamics of dioxidine loaded in such spongy carriers. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:583-592. [PMID: 32479937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to reveal how the chemical modification, succinylation in this case, of the wide-pore serum-albumin-based cryogels affects on their osmotic characteristics (swelling extent), biodegradability and ability to be loaded with the bactericide substance - dioxidine, as well as on its release. The cryogels were prepared via the cryogenic processing (freezing - frozen storage - thawing) of aqueous solutions containing bovine serum albumin (50 g/L), denaturant (urea or guanidine hydrochloride, 1.0 mol/L) and reductant (cysteine, 0.01 mol/L). Freezing/frozen storage temperatures were either -15, or -20, or -25 °C. After defrosting, spongy cryogels were obtained that possessed the system of interconnected gross pores, whose shape and dimensions were dependent on the freezing temperature and on the type of denaturant introduced in the feed solution. Subsequent succinylation of the resultant cryogels caused the growth of the swelling degree of the pore walls of these spongy materials, resulted in strengthening of their resistance against of trypsinolysis and gave rise to an increase in their loading capacity with respect to dioxidine. With that, the microbiological tests showed a higher bactericidal activity of the dioxidine-loaded sponges based on the succinylated albumin cryogels as compared to that of the drug-carriers based on the non-modified protein sponges.
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Kayıran Çelebier S, Bozdağ Pehlivan S, Demirbilek M, Akıncı M, Vural İ, Akdağ Y, Yürüker S, Ünlü N. Development of an Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Incorporated Biomimetic Scaffold for Corneal Tissue Engineering. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2020; 36:433-446. [PMID: 32023420 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to design naproxen sodium (NS)-containing, biomimetic, porous poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) scaffolds for regeneration of damaged corneal epithelium. Methods: NS-incorporated PLGA scaffolds were prepared using the emulsion freeze-drying method and then coated with collagen or poly-l-lysine. Porosity measurements of the scaffolds were performed by the gas adsorption/desorption method and the scaffolds demonstrated highly porous, open-cellular pore structures with pore sizes from 150 to 200 μm. Results: The drug loading efficiency of scaffolds was found to be higher than 84%, and about 90%-98% of NS was released at the end of 7 days with a fast drug release rate at the initial period of time and then in a slow and sustained manner. The corneal epithelial cells were isolated from New Zealand white rabbits. The obtained cells were seeded onto scaffolds and continued to increase during the time period of the study, indicating that the scaffolds might promote corneal epithelial cell proliferation without causing toxic effects for at least 10 days. Conclusions: The NS-loaded PLGA scaffolds exhibited a combination of controlled drug release and biomimetic properties that might be attractive for use in treatment of corneal damage both for controlled release and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seren Kayıran Çelebier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Bozdağ Pehlivan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Demirbilek
- Nanotechnology Nanomedicine Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Akıncı
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İmran Vural
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Akdağ
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinan Yürüker
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurşen Ünlü
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Stubbe B, Mignon A, Declercq H, Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P. Development of Gelatin‐Alginate Hydrogels for Burn Wound Treatment. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900123. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Stubbe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research GroupCenter of Macromolecular ChemistryDepartment of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryGhent University Krijgslaan 281, Building S4‐bis B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Arn Mignon
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research GroupCenter of Macromolecular ChemistryDepartment of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryGhent University Krijgslaan 281, Building S4‐bis B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Heidi Declercq
- Tissue Engineering and BiomaterialsDepartment of Basic Medical SciencesGhent University C. Heymanslaan 10, Entrance 46 B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Sandra Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research GroupCenter of Macromolecular ChemistryDepartment of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryGhent University Krijgslaan 281, Building S4‐bis B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research GroupCenter of Macromolecular ChemistryDepartment of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryGhent University Krijgslaan 281, Building S4‐bis B‐9000 Ghent Belgium
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Datta P, Barui A, Wu Y, Ozbolat V, Moncal KK, Ozbolat IT. Essential steps in bioprinting: From pre- to post-bioprinting. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1481-1504. [PMID: 29909085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An increasing demand for directed assembly of biomaterials has inspired the development of bioprinting, which facilitates the assembling of both cellular and acellular inks into well-arranged three-dimensional (3D) structures for tissue fabrication. Although great advances have been achieved in the recent decade, there still exist issues to be addressed. Herein, a review has been systematically performed to discuss the considerations in the entire procedure of bioprinting. Though bioprinting is advancing at a rapid pace, it is seen that the whole process of obtaining tissue constructs from this technique involves multiple-stages, cutting across various technology domains. These stages can be divided into three broad categories: pre-bioprinting, bioprinting and post-bioprinting. Each stage can influence others and has a bearing on the performance of fabricated constructs. For example, in pre-bioprinting, tissue biopsy and cell expansion techniques are essential to ensure a large number of cells are available for mass organ production. Similarly, medical imaging is needed to provide high resolution designs, which can be faithfully bioprinted. In the bioprinting stage, compatibility of biomaterials is needed to be matched with solidification kinetics to ensure constructs with high cell viability and fidelity are obtained. On the other hand, there is a need to develop bioprinters, which have high degrees of freedom of movement, perform without failure concerns for several hours and are compact, and affordable. Finally, maturation of bioprinted cells are governed by conditions provided during the post-bioprinting process. This review, for the first time, puts all the bioprinting stages in perspective of the whole process of bioprinting, and analyzes their current state-of-the art. It is concluded that bioprinting community will recognize the relative importance and optimize the parameter of each stage to obtain the desired outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Datta
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Ananya Barui
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Yang Wu
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Veli Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Ceyhan Engineering Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana 01950, Turkey
| | - Kazim K Moncal
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Biomedical Engineering Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Development of gelatin hydrogel pads incorporated with Eupatorium adenophorum essential oil as antibacterial wound dressing. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Lozinsky VI, Kulakova VK, Ivanov RV, Petrenko AY, Rogulska OY, Petrenko YA. Cryostructuring of polymer systems. 47. Preparation of wide porous gelatin-based cryostructurates in sterilizing organic media and assessment of the suitability of thus formed matrices as spongy scaffolds for 3D cell culturing. E-POLYMERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2017-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AbstractNew gelatin-based cryostructurates have been elaborated and tested as scaffolds for three-dimensional (3D) cell culturing. Scaffold preparation included dissolution of Type A gelatin in dimethylsulfoxide, freezing of such solution, cryoextraction of crystalline phase with cold ethanol, cross-linking of gelatin with carbodiimide in ethanol medium, treatment of the matrix with ethanolic solution of Tris and tanning of the matrix with formaldehyde dissolved in ethanol. The use of organic media during all the preparation stages ensured the sterility of the scaffolds. The matrices thus prepared were seeded with human adipose tissue multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells to confirm the biocompatibility of scaffolds and their possibility to provide necessary environment for the cell growth and differentiation. The cells attached onto the surface of the pore walls, proliferated and differentiated into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. These results demonstrate that gelatin-based cryostructurates prepared in the sterility ensuring organic media can be used as scaffolds for tissue engineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I. Lozinsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina K. Kulakova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roman V. Ivanov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Street 28, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Yu. Petrenko
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academic of Sciences of Ukraine, 23 Peryaslavskaya Str., 61015, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Olena Yu. Rogulska
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academic of Sciences of Ukraine, 23 Peryaslavskaya Str., 61015, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy A. Petrenko
- Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academic of Sciences of Ukraine, 23 Peryaslavskaya Str., 61015, Kharkov, Ukraine
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Van Nieuwenhove I, Tytgat L, Ryx M, Blondeel P, Stillaert F, Thienpont H, Ottevaere H, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Soft tissue fillers for adipose tissue regeneration: From hydrogel development toward clinical applications. Acta Biomater 2017; 63:37-49. [PMID: 28941654 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a clear and urgent clinical need to develop soft tissue fillers that outperform the materials currently used for adipose tissue reconstruction. Recently, extensive research has been performed within this field of adipose tissue engineering as the commercially available products and the currently existing techniques are concomitant with several disadvantages. Commercial products are highly expensive and associated with an imposing need for repeated injections. Lipofilling or free fat transfer has an unpredictable outcome with respect to cell survival and potential resorption of the fat grafts. Therefore, researchers are predominantly investigating two challenging adipose tissue engineering strategies: in situ injectable materials and porous 3D printed scaffolds. The present work provides an overview of current research encompassing synthetic, biopolymer-based and extracellular matrix-derived materials with a clear focus on emerging fabrication technologies and developments realized throughout the last decade. Moreover, clinical relevance of the most promising materials will be discussed, together with potential concerns associated with their application in the clinic.
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Van De Walle E, Van Nieuwenhove I, De Vos W, Declercq H, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Cell response of flexible PMMA-derivatives: supremacy of surface chemistry over substrate stiffness. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:183. [PMID: 29027051 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports on the development of a range of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PMMAPEG)-based materials, characterized by different elasticity moduli in order to study the influence of the substrate's mechanical properties on the response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). To render the selected materials cell-interactive, a polydopamine (PDA)/gelatin type B (Gel B) coating was applied. Prior to the in vitro assay, the success of the PDA and Gel B immobilization onto the materials was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as reflected by the nitrogen percentages measured for the materials after PDA and Gel B deposition. Tensile tests showed that materials with E-moduli ranging from 37 to 1542 MPa could be obtained by varying the ratio between PMMA and PEG as well as the PEG molecular weight and its functionality (i.e. mono-methacrylate vs. di-methacrylate). The results after 1 day of cell contact suggested a preferred HUVECs cell growth onto more rigid materials. After 1 week, the material with the lowest E-modulus of 37 MPa showed lower cell densities compared to the other materials. No clear correlation could be observed between the number of focal adhesion points and the substrate stiffness. Although minor differences were found, these were not statistically significant. This last conclusion again highlights the universal character of the PDA/Gel B modification. The present work could thus be valuable for the development of a range of cell substrates requiring different mechanical properties in line with the envisaged application while the cell response should ideally remain unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Van De Walle
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ine Van Nieuwenhove
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Winnok De Vos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610, Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heidi Declercq
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 6B3, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Van Hoorick J, Gruber P, Markovic M, Tromayer M, Van Erps J, Thienpont H, Liska R, Ovsianikov A, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Cross-Linkable Gelatins with Superior Mechanical Properties Through Carboxylic Acid Modification: Increasing the Two-Photon Polymerization Potential. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3260-3272. [PMID: 28850786 PMCID: PMC5647566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present work reports on the development of photo-cross-linkable gelatins sufficiently versatile to overcome current biopolymer two-photon polymerization (2PP) processing limitations. To this end, both the primary amines as well as the carboxylic acids of gelatin type B were functionalized with photo-cross-linkable moieties (up to 1 mmol/g) resulting in superior and tunable mechanical properties (G' from 5000 to 147000 Pa) enabling efficient 2PP processing. The materials were characterized in depth prior to and after photoinduced cross-linking using fully functionalized gelatin-methacrylamide (gel-MOD) as a benchmark to assess the effect of functionalization on the protein properties, cross-linking efficiency, and mechanical properties. In addition, preliminary experiments on hydrogel films indicated excellent in vitro biocompatibility (close to 100% viability) both in the presence of MC3T3 preosteoblasts and L929 fibroblasts. Moreover, 2PP processing of the novel derivative was superior in terms of applied laser power (≥40 vs ≥60 mW for gel-MOD at 100 mm/s) as well as post-production swelling (0-20% vs 75-100% for gel-MOD) compared to those of gel-MOD. The reported novel gelatin derivative (gel-MOD-AEMA) proves to be extremely suitable for direct laser writing as both superior mimicry of the applied computer-aided design (CAD) was obtained while maintaining the desired cellular interactivity of the biopolymer. It can be anticipated that the present work will also be applicable to alternative biopolymers mimicking the extracellular environment such as collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans, thereby expanding current material-related processing limitations in the tissue engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Van Hoorick
- Polymer
Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry
(CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Brussels
Photonics, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Elsene, Belgium
| | - Peter Gruber
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology and Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian
Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marica Markovic
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology and Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian
Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Tromayer
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology and Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian
Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Van Erps
- Brussels
Photonics, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Elsene, Belgium
| | - Hugo Thienpont
- Polymer
Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry
(CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Brussels
Photonics, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Elsene, Belgium
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology and Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian
Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aleksandr Ovsianikov
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology and Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Austrian
Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer
Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry
(CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer
Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry
(CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Brussels
Photonics, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Elsene, Belgium
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15
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Hölzl K, Lin S, Tytgat L, Van Vlierberghe S, Gu L, Ovsianikov A. Bioink properties before, during and after 3D bioprinting. Biofabrication 2016; 8:032002. [PMID: 27658612 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/3/032002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 549] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting is a process based on additive manufacturing from materials containing living cells. These materials, often referred to as bioink, are based on cytocompatible hydrogel precursor formulations, which gel in a manner compatible with different bioprinting approaches. The bioink properties before, during and after gelation are essential for its printability, comprising such features as achievable structural resolution, shape fidelity and cell survival. However, it is the final properties of the matured bioprinted tissue construct that are crucial for the end application. During tissue formation these properties are influenced by the amount of cells present in the construct, their proliferation, migration and interaction with the material. A calibrated computational framework is able to predict the tissue development and maturation and to optimize the bioprinting input parameters such as the starting material, the initial cell loading and the construct geometry. In this contribution relevant bioink properties are reviewed and discussed on the example of most popular bioprinting approaches. The effect of cells on hydrogel processing and vice versa is highlighted. Furthermore, numerical approaches were reviewed and implemented for depicting the cellular mechanics within the hydrogel as well as for prediction of mechanical properties to achieve the desired hydrogel construct considering cell density, distribution and material-cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Hölzl
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Technical University Vienna, Austria. Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Austria
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16
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Houben A, Van Hoorick J, Van Erps J, Thienpont H, Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P. Indirect Rapid Prototyping: Opening Up Unprecedented Opportunities in Scaffold Design and Applications. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 45:58-83. [PMID: 27080376 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, solid freeform fabrication (SFF) has emerged as the main technology for the production of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications as a result of the architectural versatility. However, certain limitations have also arisen, primarily associated with the available, rather limited range of materials suitable for processing. To overcome these limitations, several research groups have been exploring novel methodologies through which a construct, generated via SFF, is applied as a sacrificial mould for production of the final construct. The technique combines the benefits of SFF techniques in terms of controlled, patient-specific design with a large freedom in material selection associated with conventional scaffold production techniques. Consequently, well-defined 3D scaffolds can be generated in a straightforward manner from previously difficult to print and even "unprintable" materials due to thermomechanical properties that do not match the often strict temperature and pressure requirements for direct rapid prototyping. These include several biomaterials, thermally degradable materials, ceramics and composites. Since it can be combined with conventional pore forming techniques, indirect rapid prototyping (iRP) enables the creation of a hierarchical porosity in the final scaffold with micropores inside the struts. Consequently, scaffolds and implants for applications in both soft and hard tissue regeneration have been reported. In this review, an overview of different iRP strategies and materials are presented from the first reports of the approach at the turn of the century until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemie Houben
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jasper Van Hoorick
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Van Erps
- Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Belgium
| | - Hugo Thienpont
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Elsene, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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17
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Rohrer J, Zupančič O, Suchaoin W, Netsomboon K, Laffleur F, Oh S, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Synthesis and in vitro characterisation of preactivated thiolated gelatin. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Photo-cross-linked methacrylated polysaccharide solution blends with high chondrocyte viability, minimal swelling, and moduli similar to load bearing soft tissues. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Van Rie J, Declercq H, Van Hoorick J, Dierick M, Van Hoorebeke L, Cornelissen R, Thienpont H, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Cryogel-PCL combination scaffolds for bone tissue repair. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:123. [PMID: 25690621 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes the development and the evaluation of cryogel-poly-ε-caprolactone combinatory scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Gelatin was selected as cell-interactive biopolymer to enable the adhesion and the proliferation of mouse calvaria pre-osteoblasts while poly-ε-caprolactone was applied for its mechanical strength required for the envisaged application. In order to realize suitable osteoblast carriers, methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin was introduced into 3D printed poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds created using the Bioplotter technology, followed by performing a cryogenic treatment which was concomitant with the redox-initiated, covalent crosslinking of the gelatin derivative (i.e. cryogelation). In a first part, the efficiency of the cryogelation process was determined using gel fraction experiments and by correlating the results with conventional hydrogel formation at room temperature. Next, the optimal cryogelation parameters were fed into the combinatory approach and the scaffolds developed were characterized for their structural and mechanical properties using scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography and compression tests respectively. In a final part, in vitro biocompatibility assays indicated a good colonization of the pre-osteoblasts and the attachment of viable cells onto the cryogenic network. However, the results also show that the cellular infiltration throughout the entire scaffold is suboptimal, which implies that the scaffold design should be optimized by reducing the cryogel density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Van Rie
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Van Nieuwenhove I, Van Vlierberghe S, Salamon A, Peters K, Thienpont H, Dubruel P. Photo-crosslinkable biopolymers targeting stem cell adhesion and proliferation: the case study of gelatin and starch-based IPNs. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:104. [PMID: 25655498 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present work focuses on the development of biomaterials that support the adhesion and the proliferation of adipose-tissue derived stem cells. Therefore, gelatin and starch are selected as starting materials. Both hydrogel building blocks are of great interest as they provide a general chemical structure comparable to the protein and the polysaccharide constituting part of the extracellular matrix. Crosslinkable side groups are incorporated on both biopolymers to enable the subsequent chemical crosslinking, thereby ensuring their stability at physiological temperature. An in vitro cellular assay revealed that the hydrogels developed are biocompatible and supported cell adhesion of adipose-tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells. The presence of the starch phase tempered the adhesion resulting in local cell detachment. The results thus indicate that by carefully varying the ratio of the two building blocks, hydrogels can be developed possessing a controllable cell adhesion behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ine Van Nieuwenhove
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S4-Bis, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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21
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22
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Fassina L, Visai L, Magenes G, Schelfhout J, Bloise N, Riva F, Omes C, Avanzini MA, Cusella De Angelis MG, Benazzo F, Dierick M, Van Hoorebeke L, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Ultrasound stimulus to enhance the bone regeneration capability of gelatin cryogels. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2013; 2013:846-9. [PMID: 24109820 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6609633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, gelatin-based cryogels have been seeded with human SAOS-2 osteoblasts. In order to overcome the drawbacks associated with in vitro culture systems, such as limited diffusion and inhomogeneous cell-matrix distribution, this work describes the application of ultrasounds (average power, 149 mW; frequency, 1.5 MHz) to physically enhance the cell culture in vitro. The results indicate that the physical stimulation of cell-seeded gelatin-based cryogels upregulates the bone matrix production.
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23
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Exploring the Future of Hydrogels in Rapid Prototyping: A Review on Current Trends and Limitations. SPRINGER SERIES IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4328-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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24
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Billiet T, Vandenhaute M, Schelfhout J, Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P. A review of trends and limitations in hydrogel-rapid prototyping for tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2012; 33:6020-41. [PMID: 22681979 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 689] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The combined potential of hydrogels and rapid prototyping technologies has been an exciting route in developing tissue engineering scaffolds for the past decade. Hydrogels represent to be an interesting starting material for soft, and lately also for hard tissue regeneration. Their application enables the encapsulation of cells and therefore an increase of the seeding efficiency of the fabricated structures. Rapid prototyping techniques on the other hand, have become an elegant tool for the production of scaffolds with the purpose of cell seeding and/or cell encapsulation. By means of rapid prototyping, one can design a fully interconnected 3-dimensional structure with pre-determined dimensions and porosity. Despite this benefit, some of the rapid prototyping techniques are not or less suitable for the generation of hydrogel scaffolds. In this review, we therefore give an overview on the different rapid prototyping techniques suitable for the processing of hydrogel materials. A primary distinction will be made between (i) laser-based, (ii) nozzle-based, and (iii) printer-based systems. Special attention will be addressed to current trends and limitations regarding the respective techniques. Each of these techniques will be further discussed in terms of the different hydrogel materials used so far. One major drawback when working with hydrogels is the lack of mechanical strength. Therefore, maintaining and improving the mechanical integrity of the processed scaffolds has become a key issue regarding 3-dimensional hydrogel structures. This limitation can either be overcome during or after processing the scaffolds, depending on the applied technology and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Billiet
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4 Bis, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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25
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Fassina L, Saino E, Visai L, Schelfhout J, Dierick M, Van Hoorebeke L, Dubruel P, Benazzo F, Magenes G, Van Vlierberghe S. Electromagnetic stimulation to optimize the bone regeneration capacity of gelatin-based cryogels. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2012; 25:165-74. [PMID: 22507329 DOI: 10.1177/039463201202500119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key challenges in reconstructive bone surgery is to provide living constructs that possess the ability to integrate in the surrounding host tissue. Bone graft substitutes and biomaterials have already been widely used to heal critical-size bone defects due to trauma, tumor resection and tissue degeneration. In the present study, gelatin-based cryogels have been seeded with human SAOS-2 osteoblasts followed by the in vitro culture of the cells. In order to overcome the drawbacks associated with static culture systems, including limited diffusion and in homogeneous cell-matrix distribution, the present work describes the application of a bioreactor to physically enhance the cell culture in vitro using an electromagnetic stimulus. The results indicate that the physical stimulation of cell-seeded gelatin-based cryogels upregulates the bone matrix production. We anticipate that the scaffolds developed consisting of human bone proteins and cells could be applied for clinical purposes related to bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fassina
- Department of Computer Engineering and Systems Science, University of Pavia, Italy.
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26
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Van Vlierberghe S, Samal SK, Dubruel P. Development of Mechanically Tailored Gelatin-Chondroitin Sulphate Hydrogel Films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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28
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Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P, Schacht E. Biopolymer-based hydrogels as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: a review. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1387-408. [PMID: 21388145 DOI: 10.1021/bm200083n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1075] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are physically or chemically cross-linked polymer networks that are able to absorb large amounts of water. They can be classified into different categories depending on various parameters including the preparation method, the charge, and the mechanical and structural characteristics. The present review aims to give an overview of hydrogels based on natural polymers and their various applications in the field of tissue engineering. In a first part, relevant parameters describing different hydrogel properties and the strategies applied to finetune these characteristics will be described. In a second part, an important class of biopolymers that possess thermosensitive properties (UCST or LCST behavior) will be discussed. Another part of the review will be devoted to the application of cryogels. Finally, the most relevant biopolymer-based hydrogel systems, the different methods of preparation, as well as an in depth overview of the applications in the field of tissue engineering will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Research Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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29
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Alekseeva T, Abou Neel EA, Knowles JC, Brown RA. Development of Conical Soluble Phosphate Glass Fibers for Directional Tissue Growth. J Biomater Appl 2011; 26:733-44. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328210394396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenges of tissue engineering is the regulation of vascularization and innervations of the implant by the host. Here, we propose that using soluble phosphate glass (SPG) fibers, incorporated in dense collagen constructs will allow us to control the rate and direction of tissue ingrowth. The idea here was to generate channels with tailored direction using conical phosphate glass fibers. The changing surface area-to-mass ratio of conical fibers will make them to dissolve faster from their narrow ends opening up channels in that direction ahead of any ingrowing cells. In this study, we show that SPG fibers can be manipulated to produce conical shape fibers using graded dissolution. Our result shows that 40 µm fibers of composition ratio 0.5 (P2O5):0.25 (CaO):0.25 (Na2O) and dissolution time of 8–10 h have a mean reduction in fiber diameter of 8.85 ± 2.8 µm over 19.5 mm fiber length, i.e., a mean rate of 0.5 µm/mm ( n = 20) change. These conically shaped fibers can also be manipulated and potentially used to promote uniaxial cell–tissue ingrowth for improved innervations and vascularization of tissue engineered constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijna Alekseeva
- Tissue Repair and Engineering Centre, Institute of Orthopaedics, University College London, Stanmore Campus, London HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Ensanya A Abou Neel
- Tissue Repair and Engineering Centre, Institute of Orthopaedics, University College London, Stanmore Campus, London HA7 4LP, UK
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - Jonathan C. Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray’s Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
- WCU Research Centre of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, San#29, Anseo-dong, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 330-714, South Korea
| | - Robert A. Brown
- Tissue Repair and Engineering Centre, Institute of Orthopaedics, University College London, Stanmore Campus, London HA7 4LP, UK
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30
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Gelatin Functionalization of Biomaterial Surfaces: Strategies for Immobilization and Visualization. Polymers (Basel) 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/polym3010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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31
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Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P, Schacht E. Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on the Rheological Properties of Gelatin Hydrogels. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911510377254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Gelatin has the ability to form a gel when cooled below the sol—gel temperature. In this study, the effects of various cryo-parameters, including the number of freeze—thaw cycles, cooling rate, thawing rate, and gelatin concentration, on the material properties were examined. The rheological properties of the cryogels improved with increasing cryo-cycles and decreasing cooling and thawing rates as well as were superior to those of the corresponding hydrogels formed at room temperature. In addition, the critical gelation concentration decreased after repeated cryo-treatments. Methacrylamide-modified gelatin was also treated cryogenically, followed by in situ UV irradiation to enable radical cross-linking. The cross-linking efficiency of specific gelatin concentrations improved with freeze—thawing. Cryogelation can be used to fine-tune the mechanical properties of hydrogels. This is of relevance to tissue engineering where porous gelatin hydrogels are used as biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - P. Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - E. Schacht
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium,
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32
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Leeuwenburgh S, Ana I, Jansen J. Sodium citrate as an effective dispersant for the synthesis of inorganic-organic composites with a nanodispersed mineral phase. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:836-44. [PMID: 19751849 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although extensive efforts have been devoted to the development of polymer-ceramic composites for bone repair, those developed thus far were not able to mimic the nanostructure of bone, partly because of the aggregated, microscale organization of the mineral component. As a consequence, homogenization and intermixing of organic and inorganic components remain a major engineering challenge for the development of functional, biomimetic bone-substituting composites. In the current study, various dispersants were evaluated for their potential to be used as biocompatible dispersants in the synthesis of biomimetic composites with a nanodispersed mineral phase. Based on sedimentation experiments, tribasic sodium citrate was selected as the most effective dispersant for the stabilization of calcium phosphate (CaP) suspensions. Specific adsorption of citrate anions onto CaP nanocrystals was shown to result in a strong increase in the negative surface charge of the CaP particles and consequently increased repulsive interparticle forces that were able to overcome attractive van der Waals forces. Using sodium citrate as dispersant at a CaP/citrate ratio of 4.0, CaP-gelatin nanocomposites were fabricated which displayed a nanostructured mineral phase without occurrence of microscale CaP particles. Consequently, aggregation and sedimentation of CaP mineral phase was reduced considerably.
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33
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Van Vlierberghe S, De Wael K, Buschop H, Adriaens A, Schacht E, Dubruel P. Ozonization and cyclic voltammetry as efficient methods for the regeneration of gelatin-coated SPR chips. Macromol Biosci 2009; 8:1090-7. [PMID: 18655031 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200800074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The application of ozonization and cyclic voltammetry for the regeneration of gold chips containing a chemisorbed gelatin layer is reported. The efficiency of the regeneration process was analyzed using various surface analysis techniques indicating a complete removal of the biopolymer layer. The current findings open up perspectives for regeneration and multiple application of gold chips for SPR measurements.
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