1
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Fallah Z, Christi JK. Development of a ReaxFF reactive force field for ternary phosphate-based bioactive glasses. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:184505. [PMID: 38738608 DOI: 10.1063/5.0204589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphate-based glasses (PBGs) in the CaO-Na2O-P2O5 system have diverse applications as biomaterials due to their unique dissolution properties. A reactive force field (ReaxFF) has been developed to simulate these materials at the atomic level. The ReaxFF parameters of PBGs, including the interaction between phosphorus and calcium atoms, have been developed using a published code based on genetic algorithms. The training data, including the atomic charges, atomic forces, bond and angle parameters, and different differential energies, are chosen and measured from static quantum-mechanical calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics of PBGs. We did different short- and medium-range structural analyses on the bulk simulated PBGs with different compositions to validate the developed potential. Radial and angular distribution functions and coordination numbers of network formers and modifiers, as well as the network connectivity of the glass, are in agreement with experimental and previous simulations using both shell-model classical force fields and ab initio simulated data; for example, the coordination number of phosphorus is 4.0. This successful development of ReaxFF parameters being able to describe the bulk PBGs enables us to work on the dissolution behavior of the glasses, including the interaction of water molecules with PBGs, in future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Fallah
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Jamieson K Christi
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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2
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Cannillo V, Salvatori R, Bergamini S, Bellucci D, Bertoldi C. Bioactive Glasses in Periodontal Regeneration: Existing Strategies and Future Prospects-A Literature Review. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062194. [PMID: 35329645 PMCID: PMC8954447 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present review deals with bioactive glasses (BGs), a class of biomaterials renowned for their osteoinductive and osteoconductive capabilities, and thus widely used in tissue engineering, i.e., for the repair and replacement of damaged or missing bone. In particular, the paper deals with applications in periodontal regeneration, with a special focus on in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. The study reviewed eligible publications, identified on the basis of inclusion/exclusion criteria, over a ranged time of fifteen years (from 1 January 2006 to 31 March 2021). While there are many papers dealing with in vitro tests, only a few have reported in vivo (in animal) research, or even clinical trials. Regardless, BGs seem to be an adequate choice as grafts in periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cannillo
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberta Salvatori
- Department of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research Center, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Stefania Bergamini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Devis Bellucci
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Carlo Bertoldi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (S.B.); (C.B.)
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3
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Azizi L, Turkki P, Huynh N, Massera JM, Hytönen VP. Surface Modification of Bioactive Glass Promotes Cell Attachment and Spreading. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:22635-22642. [PMID: 34514235 PMCID: PMC8427643 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate glasses have several advantages over traditional silicate-based bioglasses but are inferior in the crucial step of cell attachment to their surface. Here, as a proof of concept, we analyze fibroblast attachment to the phosphate glass surface subjected to basic treatment and silanization. Silicate (S53P4)- and phosphate (Sr50)-based bioactive glasses were either untreated or surface-treated with basic buffer and functionalized with silane. The surface-treated samples were studied as such and after fibronectin was adsorbed on to their surface. With both glass types, surface treatment enhanced fibroblast adhesion and spreading in comparison to the untreated glass. The surface-treated Sr50 glass allowed for cell adhesion, proliferation, and spreading to a similar extent as seen with S53P4 and borosilicate control glasses. Here, we show that surface treatment of bioactive glass can be used to attract cell adhesion factors found in the serum and promote cell-material adhesion, both important for efficient tissue integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifeh Azizi
- BioMediTech,
Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Kauppi Campus, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Paula Turkki
- BioMediTech,
Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Kauppi Campus, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab
Laboratories, Biokatu
4, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ngoc Huynh
- Laboratory
of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Technology, Tampere University, Hervanta Campus, Korkeakoulunkatu
3, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jonathan M. Massera
- Laboratory
of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Technology, Tampere University, Hervanta Campus, Korkeakoulunkatu
3, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- BioMediTech,
Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Kauppi Campus, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab
Laboratories, Biokatu
4, 33520 Tampere, Finland
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4
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Gupta D, Hossain KMZ, Roe M, Smith EF, Ahmed I, Sottile V, Grant DM. Long-Term Culture of Stem Cells on Phosphate-Based Glass Microspheres: Synergistic Role of Chemical Formulation and 3D Architecture. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5987-6004. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanak Gupta
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Kazi M. Zakir Hossain
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Martin Roe
- Nanoscale & Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Emily F. Smith
- Nanoscale & Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Ifty Ahmed
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Virginie Sottile
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - David M. Grant
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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5
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Lu X, Kolzow J, Chen RR, Du J. Effect of solution condition on hydroxyapatite formation in evaluating bioactivity of B 2O 3 containing 45S5 bioactive glasses. Bioact Mater 2019; 4:207-214. [PMID: 31198889 PMCID: PMC6555879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of testing solutions and conditions on hydroxyapatite (HAp) formation as a means of in vitro bioactivity evaluation of B2O3 containing 45S5 bioactive glasses were systematically investigated. Four glass samples prepared by the traditional melt and quench process, where SiO2 in 45S5 was gradually replaced by B2O3 (up to 30%), were studied. Two solutions: the simulated body fluid (SBF) and K2HPO4 solutions were used as the medium for evaluating in vitro bioactivity through the formation of HAp on glass surface as a function of time. It was found that addition of boron oxide delayed the HAp formation in both SBF and K2HPO4 solutions, while the reaction between glass and the K2HPO4 solution is much faster as compared to SBF. In addition to the composition and medium effects, we also studied whether the solution treatments (e.g., adjusting to maintain a pH of 7.4, refreshing solution at certain time interval, and no disturbance during immersion) affect HAp formation. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) equipped with an attenuated total reflection (ATR) sampling technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted to identify HAp formation on glass powder surfaces and to observe HAp morphologies, respectively. The results show that refreshing solution every 24 h produced the fastest HAp formation for low boron-containing samples when SBF was used as testing solution, while no significant differences were observed when K2HPO4 solution was used. This study thus suggests the testing solutions and conditions play an important role on the in vitro bioactivity testing results and should be carefully considered when study materials with varying bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jincheng Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
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6
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Oliver JAN, Su Y, Lu X, Kuo PH, Du J, Zhu D. Bioactive glass coatings on metallic implants for biomedical applications. Bioact Mater 2019; 4:261-270. [PMID: 31667443 PMCID: PMC6812334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallic implant materials possess adequate mechanical properties such as strength, elastic modulus, and ductility for long term support and stability in vivo. Traditional metallic biomaterials, including stainless steels, cobalt-chromium alloys, and titanium and its alloys, have been the gold standards for load-bearing implant materials in hard tissue applications in the past decades. Biodegradable metals including iron, magnesium, and zinc have also emerged as novel biodegradable implant materials with different in vivo degradation rates. However, they do not possess good bioactivity and other biological functions. Bioactive glasses have been widely used as coating materials on the metallic implants to improve their integration with the host tissue and overall biological performances. The present review provides a detailed overview of the benefits and issues of metal alloys when used as biomedical implants and how they are improved by bioactive glass-based coatings for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy-anne N. Oliver
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Yingchao Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Po-Hsuen Kuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Jincheng Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Donghui Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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7
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Matamoros-Veloza A, Hossain KMZ, Scammell BE, Ahmed I, Hall R, Kapur N. Formulating injectable pastes of porous calcium phosphate glass microspheres for bone regeneration applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 102:103489. [PMID: 31622859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Current trends in regenerative medicine treatments for bone repair applications focus on cell-based therapies. These aim to deliver the treatment via a minimally invasive injection to reduce patient trauma and to improve efficacy. This paper describes the injectability of porous calcium phosphate glass microspheres to be used for bone repair based on their formulation, rheology and flow behavior. The use of excipients (xanthan gum, methyl cellulose and carboxyl methyl cellulose) were investigated to improve flow performance. Based on our results, the flow characteristics of the glass microsphere pastes vary according to particle size, surface area, and solid to liquid ratio, as well as the concentration of viscosity modifiers used. The optimal flow characteristics of calcium phosphate glass microsphere pastes was found to contain 40 mg/mL of xanthan gum which increased viscosity whilst providing elastic properties (∼29,000 Pa) at shear rates that mirror the injection process and the resting period post injection, preventing the glass microspheres from both damage and dispersion. It was established that a base formulation must contain 1 g of glass microspheres (60-125 μm in size) per 1 mL of cell culture media, or 0.48 g of glass microspheres of sizes between 125 and 200 μm. Furthermore, the glass microsphere formulations with xanthan gum were readily injectable via a syringe-needle system (3-20 mL, 18G and 14G needles), and have the potential to be utilized as a cell (or other biologics) delivery vehicle for bone regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazi M Zakir Hossain
- Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Materials Research Group, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Brigitte E Scammell
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ifty Ahmed
- Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Materials Research Group, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Richard Hall
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nikil Kapur
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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8
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Gupta D, Hossain KMZ, Ahmed I, Sottile V, Grant DM. Flame-Spheroidized Phosphate-Based Glass Particles with Improved Characteristics for Applications in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture Therapy and Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:25972-25982. [PMID: 30011175 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemical formulation of phosphate-based glasses (PBGs) can be tailored to fit particular end applications such as bone tissue engineering. While most reports to date have evaluated the effect of PBG chemical formulation on bone cells, this study specifically explored the manufacturing process, the changes in physical and chemical properties of PBG particles after flame spheroidization, and subsequent effects on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), a prime cell type for regenerative medicine applications. Flame spheroidization involves feeding irregular PBG particles (microparticles, MP) into a hot flame, causing them to melt and mold into solid spherical PBG particles (microspheres, MS). The laser diffraction analysis showed an increase in the volume-weighted mean diameter of particles from 48 to 139 μm after spheroidization and also revealed changes in the chemical composition of smaller MS (< 45 μm in size), whereas MS in other size ranges did not show significantly different chemical composition compared to MP. Additionally, some air bubbles were entrapped inside particles during spheroidization, causing a 2% drop in relative density of MS. However, the packing density of MS was 30% higher than that of MP. Culture of hMSCs on the particles showed significant improvement in cell spreading on MS compared to that on MP and nearly 2 times higher cell metabolic activity after 7 days of culture, suggesting that MS provided a more favorable support and geometry for hMSC attachment and growth for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanak Gupta
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Kazi M Zakir Hossain
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Ifty Ahmed
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Virginie Sottile
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), School of Medicine , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - David M Grant
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
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9
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Denry I, Goudouri OM, Harless JD, Hubbard EM, Holloway JA. Strontium-releasing fluorapatite glass-ceramics: Crystallization behavior, microstructure, and solubility. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 106:1421-1430. [PMID: 28636267 PMCID: PMC5740016 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of strontium partial replacement for calcium on the crystallization behavior, microstructure and solubility of fluorapatite glass-ceramics. Four glass compositions were prepared with increasing amounts of strontium partially replacing calcium. The crystallization behavior was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The chemical solubility was quantified according to ISO standard 10993-14. The amount of strontium released in solution after incubation in TRIS-HCl or citric acid buffer was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. XRD analyses revealed that partially substituted strontium-fluorapatite and strontium-åkermanite crystallized after strontium additions. The lattice cell volume of both phases increased linearly with the amount of strontium in the composition. Strontium additions led to a reduction in crystal size and an increase in crystal number density. The chemical solubility and amount of strontium released in solution increased linearly with the amount of strontium present in the composition in both TRIS-HCl and citric acid buffers. Total amounts of strontium released reached a maximum of 547 ± 80 ppm in TRIS-HCl and 1252 ± 290 ppm in citric acid buffer for the glass composition with the highest amount of strontium. For all strontium-containing compositions, the amount released in TRIS-HCl continued to increase between 70 and 120 h, indicating sustained release rather than burst release. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomater Res Part B: 106B: 1421-1430, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Denry
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College
of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of
Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ourania-Menti Goudouri
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College
of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jeffrey D. Harless
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College
of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - E. M. Hubbard
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College
of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Julie A. Holloway
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of
Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa
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Hossain KMZ, Patel U, Kennedy AR, Macri-Pellizzeri L, Sottile V, Grant DM, Scammell BE, Ahmed I. Porous calcium phosphate glass microspheres for orthobiologic applications. Acta Biomater 2018; 72:396-406. [PMID: 29604438 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Orthobiologics is a rapidly advancing field utilising cell-based therapies and biomaterials to enable the body to repair and regenerate musculoskeletal tissues. This paper reports on a cost-effective flame spheroidisation process for production of novel porous glass microspheres from calcium phosphate-based glasses to encapsulate and deliver stem cells. Careful selection of the glass and pore-forming agent, along with a manufacturing method with the required processing window enabled the production of porous glass microspheres via a single-stage manufacturing process. The morphological and physical characterisation revealed porous microspheres with tailored surface and interconnected porosity (up to 76 ± 5%) with average pore size of 55 ± 8 µm and surface areas ranging from 0.34 to 0.9 m2 g-1. Furthermore, simple alteration of the processing parameters produced microspheres with alternate unique morphologies, such as with solid cores and surface porosity only. The tuneable porosity enabled control over their surface area, degradation profiles and hence ion release rates. Furthermore, cytocompatibility of the microspheres was assessed using human mesenchymal stem cells via direct cell culture experiments and analysis confirmed that they had migrated to within the centre of the microspheres. The novel microspheres developed have huge potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This manuscript highlights a simple cost-effective one-step process for manufacturing porous calcium phosphate-based glass microspheres with varying control over surface pores and fully interconnected porosity via a flame spheroidisation process. Moreover, a simple alteration of the processing parameters can produce microspheres which have a solid core with surface pores only. The tuneable porosity enabled control over their surface area, degradation profiles and hence ion release rates. The paper also shows that stem cells not only attach and proliferate but more importantly migrate to within the core of the porous microspheres, highlighting applications for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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11
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Lu X, Deng L, Huntley C, Ren M, Kuo PH, Thomas T, Chen J, Du J. Mixed Network Former Effect on Structure, Physical Properties, and Bioactivity of 45S5 Bioactive Glasses: An Integrated Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:2564-2577. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Lu Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Caitlin Huntley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Mengguo Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Po-Hsuen Kuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Ty Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Jonathan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Jincheng Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
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12
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AlQaysi M, Aldaadaa A, Mordan N, Shah R, Knowles JC. Zinc and strontium based phosphate glass beads: a novel material for bone tissue engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:065011. [PMID: 28762960 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa8346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Degradable phosphate-based glasses that contain strontium, zinc and calcium were investigated to examine their function as an osteoconductive material. Glass beads of the general formula of (P2O5)-(Na2O)-(TiO2)-(CaO)-(SrO) or (ZnO) were prepared by a melt quench technique followed by milling and spheroidisation. After performing x-ray diffraction on all the samples for glass structure evaluation, glass bead size distribution was initially measured by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Then, some of these samples were immersed in deionised water to evaluate both the surface changes and measure the ion release rate, whereas other samples of glass beads were incubated in culture media to determine pH changes. Furthermore, human osteoblast-like osteosarcoma cells MG63 and human mesenchymal stem cells were seeded on the glass beads to determine their cytocompatibility via applying CCK assay, ALP assay and Ca assay. SEM images and fluorescence images of confocal microscopy were performed for the cellular studies. While mass degradation and ion release results displayed a significant increase with zinc and strontium incorporation within time, pH results showed an initial increase in pH followed by a decrease. Cellular studies emphasised that all formulations enhanced cellular proliferation. Phosphate glass beads with zinc content 5 mol% and strontium content of 17.5 mol%, (ZnO5) and (SrO17.5) respectively displayed more promising results although they were insignificantly different from that of control (p > 0.05). This may suggest their applicability in hard tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa AlQaysi
- Division of Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Grays Inn Rd, London, WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
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13
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Christie JK, de Leeuw NH. Effect of strontium inclusion on the bioactivity of phosphate-based glasses. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2017; 52:9014-9022. [PMID: 32055076 PMCID: PMC6991965 DOI: 10.1007/s10853-017-1155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have conducted first-principles and classical molecular dynamics simulations of various compositions of strontium-containing phosphate glasses, to understand how strontium incorporation will change the glasses' activity when implanted into the body (bioactivity). To perform the classical simulations, we have developed a new interatomic potential, which takes account of the polarizability of the oxygen ions. The Sr-O bond length is ∼2.44-2.49 Å, and the coordination number is 7.5-7.8. The Q n distribution and network connectivity were roughly constant for these compositions. Sr bonds to a similar number of phosphate chains as Ca does; based on our previous work (Christie et al. in J Phys Chem B 117:10652, 2013), this implies that SrO ↔ CaO substitution will barely change the dissolution rate of these glasses and that the bioactivity will remain essentially constant. Strontium could therefore be incorporated into phosphate glass for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. K. Christie
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - N. H. de Leeuw
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ UK
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14
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Islam MT, Felfel RM, Abou Neel EA, Grant DM, Ahmed I, Hossain KMZ. Bioactive calcium phosphate-based glasses and ceramics and their biomedical applications: A review. J Tissue Eng 2017; 8:2041731417719170. [PMID: 28794848 PMCID: PMC5524250 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417719170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An overview of the formation of calcium phosphate under in vitro environment on the surface of a range of bioactive materials (e.g. from silicate, borate, and phosphate glasses, glass-ceramics, bioceramics to metals) based on recent literature is presented in this review. The mechanism of bone-like calcium phosphate (i.e. hydroxyapatite) formation and the test protocols that are either already in use or currently being investigated for the evaluation of the bioactivity of biomaterials are discussed. This review also highlights the effect of chemical composition and surface charge of materials, types of medium (e.g. simulated body fluid, phosphate-buffered saline and cell culture medium) and test parameters on their bioactivity performance. Finally, a brief summary of the biomedical applications of these newly formed calcium phosphate (either in the form of amorphous or apatite) is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Towhidul Islam
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Reda M Felfel
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ensanya A Abou Neel
- Division of Biomaterials, Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Division, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - David M Grant
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ifty Ahmed
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kazi M Zakir Hossain
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Hussain MM, Rahman MM, Asiri AM. Sensitive L-leucine sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with SrO nanorods. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1983-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Comeau PA, Filiaggi MJ. Structural analysis of xSrO-(50 - x)CaO-50P2O5 glasses with x=0, 5, or 10 mol% for potential use in a local delivery system for osteomyelitis treatment. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 58:639-47. [PMID: 26478355 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of ions into a local delivery matrix is one method of managing degradation and subsequent release of the incorporated therapeutic agents. Of interest in this study was whether we could modify the structural nature of calcium polyphosphate (CPP) glass and the subsequent therapeutic potential of this local delivery matrix with inclusion of strontium (Sr). We found that adding 10 mol% Sr significantly increased the density and chain length of the glass. There was no significant impact of Sr doping on the subsequent loading of vancomycin into the matrix, or the matrix porosity. The noted differences in structural stability, ion release, and vancomycin release between the un-doped CPP matrices and 10 mol% Sr-doped CPP matrices in vitro are likely a result of a decrease in glass disorder upon Sr addition to the glass and preferential retention of Sr over Ca during matrix degradation. This study has provided further evidence that Sr incorporation may serve to both manipulate antibiotic release from the amorphous CPP matrix and provide a potential source of therapeutic ions for enhanced bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Comeau
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3J5, Canada
| | - M J Filiaggi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3J5, Canada; Department of Applied Oral Sciences, Dalhousie University, 5981 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3J5, Canada.
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17
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Al Qaysi M, Walters NJ, Foroutan F, Owens GJ, Kim HW, Shah R, Knowles JC. Strontium- and calcium-containing, titanium-stabilised phosphate-based glasses with prolonged degradation for orthopaedic tissue engineering. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:300-10. [PMID: 26023179 PMCID: PMC4579407 DOI: 10.1177/0885328215588898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Strontium- and calcium-releasing, titanium-stabilised phosphate-based glasses with a controlled degradation rate are currently under development for orthopaedic tissue engineering applications. Ca and/or Sr were incorporated at varying concentrations in quaternary phosphate-based glasses, in order to promote osteoinduction. Ti was incorporated at a fixed concentration in order to prolong degradation. Glasses of the general formula (P2O5)–(Na2O)–(TiO2)–(CaO)–(SrO) were prepared via the melt-quench technique. The materials were characterised by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, 31P magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and density determination. The dissolution rate in distilled water was determined by measuring mass loss, ion release and pH change over a two-week period. In addition, the cytocompatibility and alkaline phosphatase activity of an osteoblast-like cell line cultured on the surface of glass discs was assessed. The glasses were shown to be amorphous and contained Q1, Q2 and Q3 species. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed small changes in the glass structure as Ca was substituted with Sr and differential thermal analysis confirmed a decrease in crystallisation temperature with increasing Sr content. Degradation and ion release studies also showed that mass loss was positively correlated with Sr content. These results were attributed to the lower electronegativity of Sr in comparison to Ca favouring the formation of phosphate-based mineral phases. All compositions supported cell proliferation and survival and induced at least 2.3-fold alkaline phosphatase activity relative to the control. Glass containing 17.5 mol% Sr had 3.6-fold greater alkaline phosphatase activity than the control. The gradual release of Ca and Sr supported osteoinduction, indicating their potential suitability in orthopaedic tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Al Qaysi
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Nick J Walters
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland Adult Stem Cell Group, Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland BioMediTech (Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology), Tampere, Finland
| | - Farzad Foroutan
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gareth J Owens
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering and College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Rishma Shah
- Unit of Orthodontics, Department of Craniofacial Growth and Development, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 Plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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18
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Lakhkar NJ, Lee IH, Kim HW, Salih V, Wall IB, Knowles JC. Bone formation controlled by biologically relevant inorganic ions: role and controlled delivery from phosphate-based glasses. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:405-20. [PMID: 22664230 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of metal ions in the body and particularly in the formation, regulation and maintenance of bone is only just starting to be unravelled. The role of some ions, such as zinc, is more clearly understood due to its central importance in proteins. However, a whole spectrum of other ions is known to affect bone formation but the exact mechanism is unclear as the effects can be complex, multifactorial and also subtle. Furthermore, a significant number of studies utilise single doses in cell culture medium, whereas the continual, sustained release of an ion may initiate and mediate a completely different response. We have reviewed the role of the most significant ions that are known to play a role in bone formation, namely calcium, zinc, strontium, magnesium, boron, titanium and also phosphate anions as well as copper and its role in angiogenesis, an important process interlinked with osteogenesis. This review will also examine how delivery systems may offer an alternative way of providing sustained release of these ions which may effect and potentiate a more appropriate and rapid tissue response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay J Lakhkar
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Rd, London, WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
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Lakhkar NJ, Park JH, Mordan NJ, Salih V, Wall IB, Kim HW, King SP, Hanna JV, Martin RA, Addison O, Mosselmans JFW, Knowles JC. Titanium phosphate glass microspheres for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2012; 8:4181-90. [PMID: 22835676 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated the successful production of titanium phosphate glass microspheres in the size range of ∼10-200 μm using an inexpensive, efficient, easily scalable process and assessed their use in bone tissue engineering applications. Glasses of the following compositions were prepared by melt-quench techniques: 0.5P₂O₅-0.4CaO-(0.1-x)Na₂O-xTiO₂, where x=0.03, 0.05 and 0.07 mol fraction (denoted as Ti3, Ti5 and Ti7 respectively). Several characterization studies such as differential thermal analysis, degradation (performed using a novel time lapse imaging technique) and pH and ion release measurements revealed significant densification of the glass structure with increased incorporation of TiO₂ in the glass from 3 to 5 mol.%, although further TiO₂ incorporation up to 7 mol.% did not affect the glass structure to the same extent. Cell culture studies performed using MG63 cells over a 7-day period clearly showed the ability of the microspheres to provide a stable surface for cell attachment, growth and proliferation. Taken together, the results confirm that 5 mol.% TiO₂ glass microspheres, on account of their relative ease of preparation and favourable biocompatibility, are worthy candidates for use as substrate materials in bone tissue engineering applications.
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20
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Kiani A, Lakhkar NJ, Salih V, Smith ME, Hanna JV, Newport RJ, Pickup DM, Knowles JC. Titanium-containing bioactive phosphate glasses. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2012; 370:1352-1375. [PMID: 22349246 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of biomaterials has revolutionized the biomedical field and has received substantial attention in the last two decades. Among the various types of biomaterials, phosphate glasses have generated great interest on account of their remarkable bioactivity and favourable physical properties for various biomedical applications relating to both hard and soft tissue regeneration. This review paper focuses mainly on the development of titanium-containing phosphate-based glasses and presents an overview of the structural and physical properties. The effect of titanium incorporation on the glassy network is to introduce favourable properties. The biocompatibility of these glasses is described along with recent developments in processing methodologies, and the potential of Ti-containing phosphate-based glasses as a bone substitute material is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kiani
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, UK
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21
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O'Donnell MD, Hill RG. Influence of strontium and the importance of glass chemistry and structure when designing bioactive glasses for bone regeneration. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:2382-5. [PMID: 20079468 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to highlight some recent in vitro and in vivo studies of bioactive glasses containing strontium and to review selected literature on the in vitro and in vivo behaviour of bioactive glasses to relate this to the structure of the glass. The strontium-glass studies were performed well scientifically, but the results and conclusions could be misleading in terms of the effect of strontium, or more broadly glass chemistry, on the bioactivity and in vivo behaviour of bioactive glasses due to substitutions made on a weight basis. When strontium is substituted by weight for a lighter element such as calcium this will have a significant effect on structure and properties in particular biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D O'Donnell
- BioCeramic Therapeutics Ltd., Imperial Incubator, London, UK.
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Lakhkar N, Abou Neel EA, Salih V, Knowles JC. Titanium and strontium-doped phosphate glasses as vehicles for strontium ion delivery to cells. J Biomater Appl 2010; 25:877-93. [PMID: 20219848 DOI: 10.1177/0885328210362125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the use of a Ti-containing quaternary phosphate glass system P(2)O(5)-Na(2)O-CaO-TiO(2) as a vehicle for strontium ion delivery to cells. Four glass compositions were manufactured: 0.5P(2)O(5)-0.15Na(2)O-0.05TiO(2)-(0.3 - x)CaO-xSrO (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05). Structural characterization revealed that sodium calcium phosphate is the dominant phase in all the glasses. Degradation studies demonstrated highly linear glass degradation, with Sr-containing glasses degrading at higher rates than the Sr-free glass. Biocompatibility studies using MG63 cells showed that the Sr-containing glasses possess excellent cell attachment and growth, particularly over short periods (~4 days).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Lakhkar
- University College London, Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK.
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