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Xu L, Urita A, Onodera T, Hishimura R, Nonoyama T, Hamasaki M, Liang D, Homan K, Gong JP, Iwasaki N. Ultrapurified Alginate Gel Containing Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Enhances Cartilage and Bone Regeneration on Osteochondral Defects in a Rabbit Model. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:2199-2210. [PMID: 34061689 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211014186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrapurified alginate (UPAL) gel implantation has been demonstrated as effective in cartilage repair for osteochondral defects; however, cell transplantation within UPAL gels would be required to treat larger defects. HYPOTHESIS The combination of UPAL gel and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) would enhance cartilage repair and subchondral bone repair for large osteochondral defects. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS A total of 104 osteochondral defects (1 defect per knee) of 52 rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups (26 defects per group): defects without any treatment (Defect group), defects treated using UPAL gel alone (UPAL group), defects treated using UPAL gel containing allogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (UPAL-MSC group), and defects treated using UPAL gel containing BMAC (UPAL-BMAC group). At 4 and 16 weeks postoperatively, macroscopic and histologic evaluations and measurements of repaired subchondral bone volumes of reparative tissues were performed. Collagen orientation and mechanical properties of the reparative tissue were assessed at 16 weeks. RESULTS The defects in the UPAL-BMAC group were repaired with hyaline-like cartilage with well-organized collagen structures. The histologic scores at 4 weeks were significantly higher in the UPAL-BMAC group (16.9 ± 2.0) than in the Defect group (4.7 ± 1.9; P < .05), the UPAL group (10.0 ± 3.3; P < .05), and the UPAL-MSC group (12.2 ± 2.9; P < .05). At 16 weeks, the score in the UPAL-BMAC group (24.4 ± 1.7) was significantly higher than those in the Defect group (9.0 ± 3.7; P < .05), the UPAL group (14.2 ± 3.9; P < .05), and the UPAL-MSC group (16.3 ± 3.6; P < .05). At 4 and 16 weeks, the macroscopic evaluations were significantly superior in the UPAL-BMAC group compared with the other groups, and the values of repaired subchondral bone volumes in the UPAL-BMAC group were significantly higher than those in the Defect and UPAL groups. The mechanical properties of the reparative tissues were significantly better in the UPAL-BMAC group than in the other groups. CONCLUSION The implantation of UPAL gel containing BMAC-enhanced hyaline-like cartilage repair and subchondral bone repair of osteochondral defects in a rabbit knee model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These data support the potential clinical application of 1-step treatment for large osteochondral defects using biomaterial implantation with cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Urita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Onodera
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station of Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GSS, GI-CoRE), Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Hishimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nonoyama
- Global Station of Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GSS, GI-CoRE), Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masanari Hamasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Dawei Liang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Homan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Global Station of Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GSS, GI-CoRE), Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station of Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GSS, GI-CoRE), Sapporo, Japan
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Kumar A, Mir M, Aldulijan I, Mahajan A, Anwar A, Leon CH, Terracciano A, Zhao X, Su TL, Kalyon DM, Kumbar SG, Yu X. Load-bearing biodegradable PCL-PGA-beta TCP scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:193-200. [PMID: 32748573 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
A biocompatible and biodegradable scaffold with load-bearing ability is required to enhance the repair of bone defects by facilitating the attachment, and proliferation of cells, and vascularization during new bone formation. However, it is challenging to maintain the porosity and biodegradability, as well as mechanical properties (especially compressive strength), at the same time. Therefore, in the present work, a biodegradable composite structure of poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was designed using compression molding with varying amounts of poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) (25, 50, 75 wt%) and fixed amount (20 wt%) of beta tricalcium phosphate (beta TCP). It was hypothesized that the fabricated composite structure will develop porosity during the degradation of the PGA and that the corresponding decrease in mechanical properties will be compensated by new bone formation and ingrowth, in vivo. Accordingly, we have systematically studied the effects of sample composition on time-dependent dissolution and mechanical properties of the PGA/beta TCP scaffolds. The compressive strength increased up to ~92 MPa at 50% compression of the designed PCL-PGA samples. Furthermore, the dissolution rate, as well as weight loss, was observed to increase with an increase in the PGA amount in PCL. Based on the mechanical properties and dissolution data, it is concluded that the PCL-PGA scaffolds with beta TCP can be suitable candidates for bone tissue engineering applications, specifically for the reconstruction of bone defects, where strength and biodegradation are both important characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad Mir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ibrahim Aldulijan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
| | - Agrim Mahajan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
| | - Aneela Anwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Carlos H Leon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
| | - Amalia Terracciano
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tsan-Liang Su
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dilhan M Kalyon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sangamesh G Kumbar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
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Liu YYF, Lu Y, Oh S, Conduit GJ. Machine learning to predict mesenchymal stem cell efficacy for cartilage repair. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008275. [PMID: 33027251 PMCID: PMC7571701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inconsistent therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in regenerative medicine has been documented in many clinical trials. Precise prediction on the therapeutic outcome of a MSC therapy based on the patient's conditions would provide valuable references for clinicians to decide the treatment strategies. In this article, we performed a meta-analysis on MSC therapies for cartilage repair using machine learning. A small database was generated from published in vivo and clinical studies. The unique features of our neural network model in handling missing data and calculating prediction uncertainty enabled precise prediction of post-treatment cartilage repair scores with coefficient of determination of 0.637 ± 0.005. From this model, we identified defect area percentage, defect depth percentage, implantation cell number, body weight, tissue source, and the type of cartilage damage as critical properties that significant impact cartilage repair. A dosage of 17 - 25 million MSCs was found to achieve optimal cartilage repair. Further, critical thresholds at 6% and 64% of cartilage damage in area, and 22% and 56% in depth were predicted to significantly compromise on the efficacy of MSC therapy. This study, for the first time, demonstrated machine learning of patient-specific cartilage repair post MSC therapy. This approach can be applied to identify and investigate more critical properties involved in MSC-induced cartilage repair, and adapted for other clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang Fredrik Liu
- Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Yin Lu
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Steve Oh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gareth J. Conduit
- Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Stem Cells for Osteochondral Regeneration. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1059:219-240. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76735-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Goldberg A, Mitchell K, Soans J, Kim L, Zaidi R. The use of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage repair and regeneration: a systematic review. J Orthop Surg Res 2017; 12:39. [PMID: 28279182 PMCID: PMC5345159 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-017-0534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of articular cartilage defects presents many clinical challenges due to its avascular, aneural and alymphatic nature. Bone marrow stimulation techniques, such as microfracture, are the most frequently used method in clinical practice however the resulting mixed fibrocartilage tissue which is inferior to native hyaline cartilage. Other methods have shown promise but are far from perfect. There is an unmet need and growing interest in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering to improve the outcome for patients requiring cartilage repair. Many published reviews on cartilage repair only list human clinical trials, underestimating the wealth of basic sciences and animal studies that are precursors to future research. We therefore set out to perform a systematic review of the literature to assess the translation of stem cell therapy to explore what research had been carried out at each of the stages of translation from bench-top (in vitro), animal (pre-clinical) and human studies (clinical) and assemble an evidence-based cascade for the responsible introduction of stem cell therapy for cartilage defects. This review was conducted in accordance to PRISMA guidelines using CINHAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Knowledge databases from 1st January 1900 to 30th June 2015. In total, there were 2880 studies identified of which 252 studies were included for analysis (100 articles for in vitro studies, 111 studies for animal studies; and 31 studies for human studies). There was a huge variance in cell source in pre-clinical studies both of terms of animal used, location of harvest (fat, marrow, blood or synovium) and allogeneicity. The use of scaffolds, growth factors, number of cell passages and number of cells used was hugely heterogeneous. SHORT CONCLUSIONS This review offers a comprehensive assessment of the evidence behind the translation of basic science to the clinical practice of cartilage repair. It has revealed a lack of connectivity between the in vitro, pre-clinical and human data and a patchwork quilt of synergistic evidence. Drivers for progress in this space are largely driven by patient demand, surgeon inquisition and a regulatory framework that is learning at the same pace as new developments take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Goldberg
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH), Brockley Hill Stanmore, London, HA7 4LP UK
| | - Katrina Mitchell
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH), Brockley Hill Stanmore, London, HA7 4LP UK
| | - Julian Soans
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH), Brockley Hill Stanmore, London, HA7 4LP UK
| | - Louise Kim
- Joint Research and Enterprise Office, St George’s University of London and St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hunter Wing, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE UK
| | - Razi Zaidi
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital (RNOH), Brockley Hill Stanmore, London, HA7 4LP UK
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Improvement of Fat Graft Survival with Autologous Bone Marrow Aspirate and Bone Marrow Concentrate: A One-Step Method. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 137:676e-686e. [PMID: 27018695 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000001993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells have proven to be beneficial to fat graft survival, but a one-step method of cell-assisted lipotransfer is still missing. In the present work, the authors improved the fat graft survival using bone marrow aspirate and bone marrow concentrate, to ensure that both liposuction and cell-assisted lipotransfer were included in the same procedure. METHODS Bone marrow aspirate was collected from the iliac crest of the rabbits. Bone marrow concentrate was obtained using density gradient centrifugation and labeled with PKH26 fluorescent cell linker. Rabbits were divided into three groups: group A, bone marrow aspirate; group B, bone marrow concentrate; and group C, phosphate-buffered saline buffer as a blank control. The implanted mixture contained 1.5 ml of adipose granule and 1 ml of bone marrow aspirate or bone marrow concentrate. The rabbits were subjected to fluorescence imaging in vivo at four time points. Grafts were harvested and analyzed at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after fat grafting. RESULTS Bone marrow cell fluorescence signals were observed in the rabbits' injection regions during a follow-up of 12 weeks. The fat grafts of group A and B showed a better weight and volume retention, living quality, adipocyte viability, and angiogenesis after transplantation. The results of living tissue imaging also showed that the implanted bone marrow cells could contribute to fat graft survival by multilineage differentiation and could also contribute to adipogenesis and angiogenesis. CONCLUSION Both bone marrow aspirate and bone marrow concentrate improved the survival and angiogenesis of grafted fat tissue.
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Dashtdar H, Murali MR, Abbas AA, Suhaeb AM, Selvaratnam L, Tay LX, Kamarul T. PVA-chitosan composite hydrogel versus alginate beads as a potential mesenchymal stem cell carrier for the treatment of focal cartilage defects. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015; 23:1368-1377. [PMID: 24146054 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-013-2723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seeded in novel polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-chitosan composite hydrogel can provide comparable or even further improve cartilage repair outcomes as compared to previously established alginate-transplanted models. METHODS Medial femoral condyle defect was created in both knees of twenty-four mature New Zealand white rabbits, and the animals were divided into four groups containing six animals each. After 3 weeks, the right knees were transplanted with PVA-chitosan-MSC, PVA-chitosan scaffold alone, alginate-MSC construct or alginate alone. The left knee was kept as untreated control. Animals were killed at the end of 6 months after transplantation, and the cartilage repair was assessed through Brittberg morphological score, histological grading by O'Driscoll score and quantitative glycosaminoglycan analysis. RESULTS Morphological and histological analyses showed significant (p < 0.05) tissue repair when treated with PVA-chitosan-MSC or alginate MSC as compared to the scaffold only and untreated control. In addition, safranin O staining and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in MSC treatment groups than in scaffold-only or untreated control group. No significant difference was observed between the PVA-chitosan-MSC- and alginate-MSC-treated groups. CONCLUSION PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with mesenchymal stem cells provides comparable treatment outcomes to that of previously established alginate-MSC construct implantation. This study supports the potential use of PVA-chitosan hydrogel seeded with MSCs for clinical use in cartilage repair such as traumatic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Dashtdar
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Malliga Raman Murali
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azlina Amir Abbas
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdulrazzaq Mahmod Suhaeb
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lakshmi Selvaratnam
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Sunway Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Liang Xin Tay
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tunku Kamarul
- Tissue Engineering Group (TEG), National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence in Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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