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Pereira R, Maia P, Rios-Santos JV, Herrero-Climent M, Rios-Carrasco B, Aparicio C, Gil J. Influence of Titanium Surface Residual Stresses on Osteoblastic Response and Bacteria Colonization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1626. [PMID: 38612139 PMCID: PMC11012676 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Grit basting is the most common process applied to titanium dental implants to give them a roughness that favors bone colonization. There are numerous studies on the influence of roughness on osseointegration, but the influence of the compressive residual stress associated with this treatment on biological behavior has not been determined. For this purpose, four types of surfaces have been studied using 60 titanium discs: smooth, smooth with residual stress, rough without stress, and rough with residual stress. Roughness was studied by optic interferometry; wettability and surface energy (polar and dispersive components) by contact angle equipment using three solvents; and residual stresses by Bragg-Bentano X-ray diffraction. The adhesion and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels on the different surfaces were studied using Saos-2 osteoblastic cultures. The bacterial strains Streptococcus sanguinis and Lactobacillus salivarius were cultured on different surfaces, determining the adhesion. The results showed that residual stresses lead to increased hydrophilicity on the surfaces, as well as an increase in surface energy, especially on the polar component. From the culture results, higher adhesion and higher ALP levels were observed in the discs with residual stresses when compared between smooth and roughened discs. It was also found that roughness was the property that mostly influenced osteoblasts' response. Bacteria colonize rough surfaces better than smooth surfaces, but no changes are observed due to residual surface tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Pereira
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.); (J.V.R.-S.); (B.R.-C.)
| | - Paulo Maia
- Facultade Ciências da Saúde, Universidad Europeia de Lisboa,1500-210 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Jose Vicente Rios-Santos
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.); (J.V.R.-S.); (B.R.-C.)
| | | | - Blanca Rios-Carrasco
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Avicena s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (R.P.); (J.V.R.-S.); (B.R.-C.)
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- Facultad de Odontología, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, c/ Josep Trueta s/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain;
| | - Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universidad Internacional de Catalunya, c/ Josep Trueta s/n, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain
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Moret CS, Masri SE, Schelker BL, Friederich NF, Hirschmann MT. Unexpected early loosening of rectangular straight femoral Zweymüller stems with an alumina-reduced surface after total hip arthroplasty-a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Traumatol 2024; 25:12. [PMID: 38430413 PMCID: PMC10908941 DOI: 10.1186/s10195-023-00743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alumina particles from the grit blasting of Ti-alloy stems are suspected to contribute to aseptic loosening. An alumina-reduced stem surface was hypothesized to improve osseointegration and show comparable short-term outcomes to those of a standard stem. METHODS In this prospective, double-blind, randomized trial, 26 standard (STD) and 27 experimental new technology (NT) stems were implanted. The latter were additionally treated by acid etching and ice blasting to remove alumina particles from the grit-blasting process. Follow-up occurred at 12 and 24 months. Bone mineral density (BMD) around the stem was measured by a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry device (DEXA). Radiographs were reviewed for alterations. Clinical scoring comprised the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Harris Hip Score (HHS). Survival rates were calculated up to 50 months. RESULTS Lower mean BMD and more severe cortical hypertrophies were found in the NT group. At 12 months, radiolucent lines were observed mostly in the metaphyseal zone for both groups, with a progression tendency in the NT group at 24 months. At 12 months, pain scores and the WOMAC total and physical activity scores were significantly lower in the NT group, without any differences thereafter. The number of NT stem revisions amounted to 6 (24%) and 11 (41%) at 24 and 50 months, respectively. CONCLUSION In the NT group, unexpected catastrophic failure rates of 41% caused by early aseptic loosening were noted within 50 months. Compared with the STD stems, NT stems lead to poor clinical and radiographic results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05053048.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline S Moret
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Kantonsspital Baselland, CH-4101, Bruderholz, Switzerland.
| | - Salim El Masri
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Rhön Klinikum Campus, 97616, Bad Neustadt an Der Saale, Germany
| | - Benjamin L Schelker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Kantonsspital Baselland, CH-4101, Bruderholz, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus F Friederich
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael T Hirschmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Kantonsspital Baselland, CH-4101, Bruderholz, Switzerland
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Li J, Zheng Y, Yu Z, Kankala RK, Lin Q, Shi J, Chen C, Luo K, Chen A, Zhong Q. Surface-modified titanium and titanium-based alloys for improved osteogenesis: A critical review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23779. [PMID: 38223705 PMCID: PMC10784177 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
As implantable materials, titanium, and its alloys have garnered enormous interest from researchers for dental and orthopedic procedures. Despite their success in wide clinical applications, titanium, and its alloys fail to stimulate osteogenesis, resulting in poor bonding strength with surrounding bone tissue. Optimizing the surface topology and altered compositions of titanium and titanium-based alloys substantially promotes peri-implant bone regeneration. This review summarizes the utilization and importance of various osteogenesis components loaded onto titanium and its alloys. Further, different surface-modification methods and the release efficacy of loaded substances are emphasized. Finally, we summarize the article with prospects. We believe that further investigation studies must focus on identifying novel loading components, exploring various innovative, optimized surface-modification methods, and developing a sustained-release system on implant surfaces to improve peri-implant bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yaxin Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zihe Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Qianying Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jingbo Shi
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Aizheng Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Quan Zhong
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Laboratory of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Stomatology & Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Wang Z, Wang J, Wu R, Wei J. Construction of functional surfaces for dental implants to enhance osseointegration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1320307. [PMID: 38033823 PMCID: PMC10682203 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1320307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental implants have been extensively used in patients with defects or loss of dentition. However, the loss or failure of dental implants is still a critical problem in clinic. Therefore, many methods have been designed to enhance the osseointegration between the implants and native bone. Herein, the challenge and healing process of dental implant operation will be briefly introduced. Then, various surface modification methods and emerging biomaterials used to tune the properties of dental implants will be summarized comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshi Wang
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiaolong Wang
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Nanchang, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Runfa Wu
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Nanchang, China
| | - Junchao Wei
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Nanchang, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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5
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Corbaz J, Barimani B, Vauclair F. Early aseptic loosening of a press-fit radial head prosthesis - A case series of 6 patients. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605221135881. [PMID: 37082909 PMCID: PMC10126620 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221135881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Radial head arthroplasty (RHA) is the principal treatment option for comminuted radial head (RH) fractures. Here, we present six cases of failed RHA using a modular monopolar press-fit RHA that was subsequently withdrawn from the market because it was associated with a high incidence of loosening. METHODS We retrospectively collected data from six patients who had received Radial Head Prothesis SystemTM at our centre between July 2015 and June 2016. The average follow-up was 40 months. RESULTS Aseptic loosening of the stem affected five (83%) of the six RHA. Four of these were symptomatic and RHA removal was performed. For these patients, the pain subsided and their elbow range of motion (ROM) improved. CONCLUSION While the ideal design for an RHA is still debatable, RHA is an efficient treatment option that restores elbow stability and function after a comminuted RH fracture. Importantly, removal of the prosthesis is an effective remedy following RHA associated elbow pain and decreased ROM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Corbaz
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Barimani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - F Vauclair
- Bone and Motion Center - Hirslanden, 1006 Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Terranova ML. Key Challenges in Diamond Coating of Titanium Implants: Current Status and Future Prospects. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123149. [PMID: 36551907 PMCID: PMC9775193 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over past years, the fabrication of Ti-based permanent implants for fracture fixation, joint replacement and bone or tooth substitution, has become a routine task. However, it has been found that some degradation phenomena occurring on the Ti surface limits the life or the efficiency of the artificial constructs. The task of avoiding such adverse effects, to prevent microbial colonization and to accelerate osteointegration, is being faced by a variety of approaches in order to adapt Ti surfaces to the needs of osseous tissues. Among the large set of biocompatible materials proposed as an interface between Ti and the hosting tissue, diamond has been proven to offer bioactive and mechanical properties able to match the specific requirements of osteoblasts. Advances in material science and implant engineering are now enabling us to produce micro- or nano-crystalline diamond coatings on a variety of differently shaped Ti constructs. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the research currently ongoing in the field of diamond-coated orthopedic Ti implants and to examine the evolution of the concepts that are accelerating the full transition of such technology from the laboratory to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Terranova
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy; or
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa (CIMER), Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy
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7
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Bohara S, Suthakorn J. Surface coating of orthopedic implant to enhance the osseointegration and reduction of bacterial colonization: a review. Biomater Res 2022; 26:26. [PMID: 35725501 PMCID: PMC9208209 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00269-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of orthopedic implants in surgical technology has fostered restoration of physiological functions. Along with successful treatment, orthopedic implants suffer from various complications and fail to offer functions correspondent to native physiology. The major problems include aseptic and septic loosening due to bone nonunion and implant site infection due to bacterial colonization. Crucial advances in material selection in the design and development of coating matrixes an opportunity for the prevention of implant failure. However, many coating materials are limited in in-vitro testing and few of them thrive in clinical tests. The rate of implant failure has surged with the increasing rates of revision surgery creating physical and sensitive discomfort as well as economic burdens. To overcome critical pathogenic activities several systematic coating techniques have been developed offering excellent results that combat infection and enhance bone integration. This review article includes some more common implant coating matrixes with excellent in vitro and in vivo results focusing on infection rates, causes, complications, coating materials, host immune responses and significant research gaps. This study provides a comprehensive overview of potential coating technology, with functional combination coatings which are focused on ultimate clinical practice with substantial improvement on in-vivo tests. This includes the development of rapidly growing hydrogel coating techniques with the potential to generate several accurate and precise coating procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Bohara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomedical and Robotics Technology (BART LAB), Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Jackrit Suthakorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biomedical and Robotics Technology (BART LAB), Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
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Relevant Aspects of Titanium and Zirconia Dental Implants for Their Fatigue and Osseointegration Behaviors. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15114036. [PMID: 35683331 PMCID: PMC9182570 DOI: 10.3390/ma15114036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Osseointegration capacity and good mechanical behavior are key to the success of the dental implant. In many investigations, comparisons of properties are made using different dental implant designs and therefore the results can be influenced by the macrodesign of the dental implant. In this work, studies were carried out with the same dental implant model using different roughness and different materials—commercially pure titanium (grade 4) and zirconia. For this purpose, 80 smooth passivated titanium (Ti), 80 smooth zirconia (ZrO2), and 80 rough passivated titanium (Ti-R) dental implants were used. The samples were characterized by their roughness, wettability, surface energy, residual stresses, and fatigue behavior. The implants were implanted in minipigs for 4 and 12 weeks. The animals were sacrificed, and histological studies were carried out to determine the osseointegration parameters for each of the implantation times. Ti and ZrO2 dental implants have very similar wettability and surface energy properties. However, the roughness causes a decrease in the hydrophilic character and a decrease of the total surface energy and especially the dispersive component, while the polar component is higher. Due to the compressive residual stresses of alumina sandblasting, the rough dental implant has the best fatigue behavior, followed by Ti and due to the lack of toughness and rapid crack propagation the ZrO2 implants have the worst fatigue behavior. The bone index contact (BIC) values for 4 weeks were around 25% for Ti, 32% for ZrO2, and 45% for Ti-R. After 12 weeks the Ti dental implants increased to 42%, for Ti, 43% for ZrO2, and an important increase to 76% was observed for Ti-R implants. In vivo results showed that the key factor that improves osseointegration is roughness. There was no significant difference between ZrO2 and Ti implants without sandblasting.
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Corrosion Behavior of Titanium Dental Implants with Implantoplasty. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041563. [PMID: 35208101 PMCID: PMC8875252 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The procedure generally used to remove bacterial biofilm adhering to the surface of titanium on dental implants is implantoplasty. This treatment is based on the machining of the titanium surface to remove bacterial plaque. In this study, we used 60 grade 4 titanium implants and performed the implantoplasty protocol. Using X-ray diffraction, we determined the stresses accumulated in each of the as-received, machined and debris implants. The resistance to corrosion in open circuit and potentiodynamically in physiological medium has been determined, and the corrosion potentials and intensities have been determined. Tests have been carried out to determine ion release by ICP-MS at different immersion times. The results show that the corrosion resistance and the release of titanium ions into the medium are related to the accumulated energy or the degree of deformation. The titanium debris exhibit compressive residual stresses of −202 MPa, the implant treated with implantoplasty −120 MPa, and as-received −77 MPa, with their corrosion behavior resulting in corrosion rates of 0.501, 0.77, and 0.444 mm/year, respectively. Debris is the material with the worst corrosion resistance and the one that releases the most titanium ions to the physiological medium (15.3 ppb after 21 days vs. 7 ppb for as-received samples). Pitting has been observed on the surface of the debris released into the physiological environment. This behavior should be taken into account by clinicians for the good long-term behavior of implants with implantoplasty.
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Effect of the Nature of the Particles Released from Bone Level Dental Implants: Physicochemical and Biological Characterization. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The placement of bone–level dental implants can lead to the detachment of particles in the surrounding tissues due to friction with the cortical bone. In this study, 60 bone–level dental implants were placed with the same design: 30 made of commercially pure grade 4 titanium and 30 made of Ti6Al4V alloy. These implants were placed in cow ribs following the company’s placement protocols. Particles detached from the dental implants were isolated and their size and specific surface area were characterized. The irregular morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Ion release to the medium was determined at different immersion times in physiological medium. Cytocompatibility studies were performed with fibroblastic and osteoblastic cells. Gene expression and cytokine release were analysed to determine the action of inflammatory cells. Particle sizes of around 15 μM were obtained in both cases. The Ti6Al4V alloy particles showed significant levels of vanadium ion release and the cytocompatibility of these particles is lower than that of commercially pure titanium. Ti6Al4V alloy presents higher levels of inflammation markers (TNFα and Il–1β) compared to that of only titanium. Therefore, there is a trend that with the alloy there is a greater toxicity and a greater pro-inflammatory response.
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Benefits of Residual Aluminum Oxide for Sand Blasting Titanium Dental Implants: Osseointegration and Bactericidal Effects. MATERIALS 2021; 15:ma15010178. [PMID: 35009326 PMCID: PMC8746027 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this work was to determine the influence of residual alumina after sand blasting treatment in titanium dental implants. This paper studied the effect of alumina on physico-chemical surface properties, such as: surface wettability, surface energy. Osseointegration and bacteria adhesion were determined in order to determine the effect of the abrasive particles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three surfaces were studied: (1) as-received, (2) rough surface with residual alumina from sand blasting on the surface and (3) with the same roughness but without residual alumina. Roughness was determined by white light interferometer microscopy. Surface wettability was evaluated with a contact angle video-based system and the surface free energy by means of Owens and Wendt equation. Scanning electron microscopy equipped with microanalysis was used to study the morphology and determine the chemical composition of the surfaces. Bacteria (Lactobacillus salivarius and Streptococcus sanguinis) were cultured in each surface. In total, 110 dental implants were placed into the bone of eight minipigs in order to compare the osseointegration. The percentage of bone-to-implant contact was determined after 4 and 6 weeks of implantation with histometric analysis. RESULTS The surfaces with residual alumina presented a lower surface free energy than clean surfaces. The in vivo studies demonstrated that the residual alumina accelerated bone tissue growth at different implantation times, in relation to clean dental implants. In addition, residual alumina showed a bactericidal effect by decreasing the quantity of bacteria adhering to the titanium. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to verify the benefits that the alumina (percentages around 8% in weight) produces on the surface of titanium dental implants. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinicians should be aware of the benefits of sand-blasted alumina due to the physico-chemical surface changes demonstrated in in vivo tests.
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Šugár P, Ludrovcová B, Kalbáčová MH, Šugárová J, Sahul M, Kováčik J. Laser Surface Modification of Powder Metallurgy-Processed Ti-Graphite Composite Which Can Enhance Cells' Osteo-Differentiation. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14206067. [PMID: 34683656 PMCID: PMC8537964 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The paper examines the surface functionalization of a new type of Ti-graphite composite, a dental biomaterial prepared by vacuum low-temperature extrusion of hydrogenated-dehydrogenated titanium powder mixed with graphite flakes. Two experimental surfaces were prepared by laser micromachining applying different levels of incident energy of the fiber nanosecond laser working at 1064 nm wavelength. The surface integrity of the machined surfaces was evaluated, including surface roughness parameters measurement by contact profilometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The chemical and phase composition were comprehensively evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. Finally, the in vitro tests using human mesenchymal stem cells were conducted to compare the influence of the laser processing parameters used on the cell's cultivation and osteo-differentiation. The bioactivity results confirmed that the surface profile with positive kurtosis, platykurtic distribution curve and higher value of peaks spacing exhibited better bioactivity compared to the surface profile with negative kurtosis coefficient, leptokurtic distribution curve and lower peaks spacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Šugár
- Institute of Production Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Slovak University of Technology, J. Bottu 25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia; (B.L.); (J.Š.)
- Correspondence: (P.Š.); (M.H.K.); Tel.: +421-917-367-301 (P.Š.); +420-224-965-996 (M.H.K.)
| | - Barbora Ludrovcová
- Institute of Production Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Slovak University of Technology, J. Bottu 25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia; (B.L.); (J.Š.)
| | - Marie Hubálek Kalbáčová
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, U Nemocnice 5, Praha 2, 128 53 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (P.Š.); (M.H.K.); Tel.: +421-917-367-301 (P.Š.); +420-224-965-996 (M.H.K.)
| | - Jana Šugárová
- Institute of Production Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Slovak University of Technology, J. Bottu 25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia; (B.L.); (J.Š.)
| | - Martin Sahul
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Slovak University of Technology, J. Bottu 25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia;
| | - Jaroslav Kováčik
- Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 13 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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Kamynina OK, Kravchuk KS, Lazov MA, Pestov SM. Effect of Surface Roughness on the Properties of Titanium Materials for Bone Implants. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023621080106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Yang WE, Huang HH. TiO 2 Nanonetwork on Rough Ti Enhanced Osteogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1186-1193. [PMID: 33749372 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211001017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective in this study was to enhance osteogenic responses (in vitro and in vivo) to roughened titanium (Ti) dental implants through the formation of superhydrophilic TiO2 nanonetwork surface structure. Sandblasting and acid etching (SLA) was used to roughen the Ti surface. An electrochemical anodization process was then used to form a superhydrophilic TiO2 nanonetwork on the SLA Ti surfaces. The pore size of the nanonetwork structure ranged from a few nanometers to more than 100 nm, which is on the same scale as many biological species. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were used as an in vitro test model. The TiO2 nanonetwork structure was shown to have a significantly positive effect on hydrophilicity, protein adsorption, cell adhesion, cell migration, cell mineralization, and the gene and protein expression of osteogenic markers. The osseointegration of an anodized SLA screw-type Ti dental implant was investigated in vivo via implantation in the femur of New Zealand white rabbits for durations of 4 or 12 wk. The presence of a superhydrophilic surface TiO2 nanonetwork was shown to significantly enhance the bone-to-implant contact of the roughened SLA screw-type Ti dental implants. Overall, the proposed superhydrophilic TiO2 nanonetwork structure on the roughened SLA Ti surface proved highly effective in enhancing osteogenic responses in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Yang
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - H H Huang
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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Cirera A, Sevilla P, Manzanares MC, Franch J, Galindo-Moreno P, Gil J. Osseointegration around dental implants biofunctionalized with TGFβ-1 inhibitor peptides: an in vivo study in beagle dogs. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:62. [PMID: 32696084 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofunctionalization with two TGF-β1 inhibitor peptides, P17 and P144, on osseointegration of CP-Ti dental implants. A total of 36 implants (VEGA, Klockner®) with 3.5 × 8 mm internal connection were used in this study, divided in three groups: (1) control group (n = 12), (2) implants which surfaces were biofunctionalized with P17 peptide inhibitor (n = 12), (3) implants with surfaces biofunctionalized by P144 peptide (n = 12). Three implants, one from each group, were inserted in both hemimandibles of 6 beagle dogs, 2 months after tooth extraction. Two animals were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 8 weeks post implant insertion, respectively. The samples were analyzed by Backscattering Scanning Electron Microscopy (BS-SEM) and histological analysis. Histomorphometric analysis of bone to implant contact (BIC), peri-implant bone fraction (BF) and interthread bone (IB) were carried out. Bone formation around implants measured by quantitative analysis, BS-SEM, was significantly higher in the P17-biofunctionalized implants, 4 and 8 weeks after the implantation. Histomorphometric analysis of BIC, BF and IB showed higher values in the P17-biofunctionalized group at initial stages of healing (2 weeks) and early osseointegration both at 4 and 8 weeks. For P144 biofunctionalized implants, the histomorphometric values obtained are also higher than control group. Accordingly, better results in the experimental groups were proven both by the quantitative and the qualitative analysis. Surface biofunctionalization with TGF-β1 inhibitor peptides, P17 and P144, resulted in better quantitative and qualitative parameters relative to implant osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cirera
- Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Campus Universitario La Cartuja s/n, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Sevilla
- Escola Universitària Salesiana de Sarrià - EUSS Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Cristina Manzanares
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, DPyTEx, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Franch
- Surgery Department, Veterinary School, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Galindo-Moreno
- Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Gil
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Surface Modification of Porous Titanium Discs Using Femtosecond Laser Structuring. METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10060748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The failure of titanium implants is associated with two main problems that include the bone resorption and fracture of the surrounding bone tissue (stiffness incompatibility) and implant loosening (poor osseointegration). The development of porous titanium implants with low Young modulus solve the stress shielding phenomenon, while the modification of the implant surface must be implemented to promote a fast bond between the implant and bone. In this work, femtosecond laser micromachining was applied to modify the topography of the surface of Ti porous samples obtained by a space-holder technique to obtain hierarchical structures (micro and nano roughness patterns) to enhance osseointegration. Scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser microscopy, and image analysis were used for characterization of the surface morphology, roughness, and porosity before and after performing the laser treatment. Based on these results, the effect of the treatment on the mechanical behavior of the samples was estimated. In addition, a preliminary in-vitro test was performed to verify the adhesion of osteoblasts (filopodia presence) on modified titanium surface. Results revealed that laser texturing generated clusters of micro-holes and micro-columns both on the flat surface of the samples and inside the macro-pores, and periodic nanometric structures across the entire surface. The porous substrate offers suitable biomechanics (stiffness and yield strength) and bio-functional behavior (bone ingrowth and osseointegration), which improves the clinic success of titanium implants.
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17
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Materials for Orthopedic Bioimplants: Modulating Degradation and Surface Modification Using Integrated Nanomaterials. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Significant research and development in the field of biomedical implants has evoked the scope to treat a broad range of orthopedic ailments that include fracture fixation, total bone replacement, joint arthrodesis, dental screws, and others. Importantly, the success of a bioimplant depends not only upon its bulk properties, but also on its surface properties that influence its interaction with the host tissue. Various approaches of surface modification such as coating of nanomaterial have been employed to enhance antibacterial activities of a bioimplant. The modified surface facilitates directed modulation of the host cellular behavior and grafting of cell-binding peptides, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and growth factors to further improve host acceptance of a bioimplant. These strategies showed promising results in orthopedics, e.g., improved bone repair and regeneration. However, the choice of materials, especially considering their degradation behavior and surface properties, plays a key role in long-term reliability and performance of bioimplants. Metallic biomaterials have evolved largely in terms of their bulk and surface properties including nano-structuring with nanomaterials to meet the requirements of new generation orthopedic bioimplants. In this review, we have discussed metals and metal alloys commonly used for manufacturing different orthopedic bioimplants and the biotic as well as abiotic factors affecting the failure and degradation of those bioimplants. The review also highlights the currently available nanomaterial-based surface modification technologies to augment the function and performance of these metallic bioimplants in a clinical setting.
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18
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Liu Y, Rath B, Tingart M, Eschweiler J. Role of implants surface modification in osseointegration: A systematic review. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:470-484. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery RWTH Aachen University Clinic Aachen Germany
| | - Björn Rath
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery RWTH Aachen University Clinic Aachen Germany
| | - Markus Tingart
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery RWTH Aachen University Clinic Aachen Germany
| | - Jörg Eschweiler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery RWTH Aachen University Clinic Aachen Germany
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19
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V M, Iyer S, Menon D, Nair SV, Nair MB. Evaluation of osseointegration of staged or simultaneously placed dental implants with nanocomposite fibrous scaffolds in rabbit mandibular defect. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Qu Y, Hong G, Liu L, Sasaki K, Chen X. Evaluation of silk fibroin electrogel coating for zirconia material surface. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:813-820. [PMID: 31341146 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Zirconia is commonly used in dental applications. It has been reported that surface-modified zirconia implants showed better performance in vivo than machined zirconia implants. Silk fibroin electrogel is a good candidate for controlled drug delivery; however, the use of silk fibroin electrogel on zirconia implants has not previously been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate a method to coat zirconia implants with silk fibroin electrogel and evaluate the mechanical and biological properties of the coating. The results show that the wettability of the coating was close to that of sand-blasted and acid-etched (SLA)-treated zirconia, and the bond strength was larger than that of the coating prepared from silk fibroin aqueous solution. ATR-FTIR spectra provided evidence that the secondary structure changed during the electrogelation process. Culturing cells on the coating revealed its nontoxicity to osteoblast-like cells. Thus, it can be suggested that a silk fibroin electrogel coating is a promising biocompatible and degradable drugdelivery material for zirconia implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinying Qu
- Department of Orthodontics, Dalian Stomatological Hospital.,Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University
| | - Guang Hong
- Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University.,Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Dalian Stomatological Hospital
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Prosthetics, Dalian Stomatological Hospital
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21
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Krisam J, Ott L, Schmitz S, Klotz AL, Seyidaliyeva A, Rammelsberg P, Zenthöfer A. Factors affecting the early failure of implants placed in a dental practice with a specialization in implantology - a retrospective study. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:208. [PMID: 31488110 PMCID: PMC6727348 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate early failure and possible risk factors for failure of dental implants placed under practice-based conditions. Methods To clarify the research question, anonymized data from 106 patients with 186 dental implants were analyzed. The presence of sucessful healing (yes/no) at the time of incorporation of the final prosthesis was assessed. Mixed models were compiled for each target variable to enable estimation of the effects of patient-related and implant-related conditions on the risk of early implant failure. Results Nine out of 186 implants (4.8%) placed in 106 participants failed before incorporation of the final prosthesis. The use of shorter implants (< 10 mm) and the need for augmentation procedures were associated with a greater risk of early implant failure. For shorter implants, the risk was 5.8 times greater than that for longer implants (p = 0.0230). Use of augmentation procedures increased the risk by a factor of 5.5 (p = 0.0174). Conclusions Implants placed in the dental practice with a specialization in implantology heal successfully. The use of augmentation procedures and of implants shorter than 10 mm seems to be associated with a greater risk of early implant failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Krisam
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 130, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Larissa Ott
- Dental School, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schmitz
- Praxis für Zahnmedizin Dr. Schmitz, Hauptstraße 13, 69434, Hirschhorn, Germany
| | - Anna-Luisa Klotz
- Dental School, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aida Seyidaliyeva
- Dental School, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Rammelsberg
- Dental School, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zenthöfer
- Dental School, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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22
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Guillem-Marti J, Cinca N, Punset M, Cano IG, Gil FJ, Guilemany JM, Dosta S. Porous titanium-hydroxyapatite composite coating obtained on titanium by cold gas spray with high bond strength for biomedical applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 180:245-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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23
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Nanostructured titanium surfaces fabricated by hydrothermal method: Influence of alkali conditions on the osteogenic performance of implants. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 94:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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24
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Rizo-Gorrita M, Luna-Oliva I, Serrera-Figallo MA, Torres-Lagares D. Superficial Characteristics of Titanium after Treatment of Chorreated Surface, Passive Acid, and Decontamination with Argon Plasma. J Funct Biomater 2018; 9:jfb9040071. [PMID: 30544972 PMCID: PMC6306932 DOI: 10.3390/jfb9040071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background. Titanium is characterized by its biocompatibility, resistance to maximum stress, and fatigue and non-toxicity. The composition, surface structure, and roughness of titanium have a key and direct influence on the osseointegration processes when it is used in the form of dental implants. The objective of the present study is to characterize, at chemical, superficial, and biological levels, the result of the application of the sandblasted with large-grit and acid-etched (SLA) treatment consisting of coarse-grained and double-passivated acid blasting with subsequent decontamination with argon plasma on the surface of titanium implants type IV. (2) Methods. Four Oxtein® dental implants (Zaragoza, Spain) were investigated with the following coding: Code L63713T (titanium grade IV, 3.75 mm in diameter, and 13 mm in length). The surface of the implants was SLA type obtained from coarse-grained, double passivated acid, and decontaminated with argon plasma. The samples were in their sealed packages and were opened in our laboratory. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique was used to characterize the chemical composition of the surface, and the scanning electronic microscope (SEM) technique was used to perform topographic surface evaluation. Cell cultures were also performed on both surfaces. (3) Results. The superficial chemical analysis of the studied samples presented the following components, approximately, expressed in atomic percentage: O: 39%; Ti: 18%; C: 39%; N: 2%; and Si: 1%. In the same way, the topographic analysis values were obtained in the evaluated roughness parameters: Ra: 1.5 μm ± 0.02%; Rq: 1.31 μm ± 0.33; Rz: 8.98 μm ± 0.73; Rp: 5.12 μm ± 0.48; Rv: 3.76 μm ± 0.51; and Rc: 4.92 μm ± 0.24. At a biological level, the expression of osteocalcin was higher (p < 0.05) on the micro-rough surface compared to that machined at 48 and 96 h of culture. (4) Conclusions. The data obtained in our study indicate that the total carbon content, the relative concentration of titanium, and the roughness of the treatment performed on the implants are in agreement with those found in the literature. Further, the roughness of the treatment performed on the implants throws a spongy, three-dimensional surface suitable for bone growth on it. The biological results found are compatible with the clinical use of the surface tested.
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25
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Hasan A, Byambaa B, Morshed M, Cheikh MI, Shakoor RA, Mustafy T, Marei HE. Advances in osteobiologic materials for bone substitutes. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1448-1468. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
| | - Batzaya Byambaa
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA USA
| | - Mahboob Morshed
- School of Life Sciences; Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB); Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ibrahim Cheikh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
| | | | - Tanvir Mustafy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal; Quebec Canada
| | - Hany E. Marei
- Biomedical Research Center; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
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26
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Surface Modification of Ti-35Nb-10Ta-1.5Fe by the Double Acid-Etching Process. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11040494. [PMID: 29587427 PMCID: PMC5951340 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Surface topography and composition influence the osteoblastic proliferation and osseointegration rates, which favor the biomechanical stability of bone anchoring and implants. In recent years, beta titanium alloys have been developed, and are composed of biocompatible elements, have low elastic modulus, high corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties to improve the long performance behavior of biomaterials. In the present research, the influence of the acid-etching process was studied in Ti6Al4V ELI and Ti35Nb10Ta1.5Fe. Samples were etched in a two-step acid treatment. Surface roughness parameters were quantified under a confocal microscope, topography was studied by scanning electron microscopy, and surface composition was analyzed with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results revealed that the two-step acid treatment changes the topography of the β alloy, increases the surface area, and changes the chemical composition of the surface. Two differentiated regions were identified in the Ti35Nb10Ta1.5Fe alloy after the acid-etching process: The α + β region with higher values of mean roughness due to the lower chemical resistance of this region; and the β region with lower values of roughness parameters.
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27
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Tan N, Liu X, Cai Y, Zhang S, Jian B, Zhou Y, Xu X, Ren S, Wei H, Song Y. The influence of direct laser metal sintering implants on the early stages of osseointegration in diabetic mini-pigs. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5433-5442. [PMID: 28814861 PMCID: PMC5546787 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s138615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High failure rates of oral implants have been reported in diabetic patients due to the disruption of osseointegration. The aim of this study was to investigate whether direct laser metal sintering (DLMS) could improve osseointegration in diabetic animal models. Methods Surface characterizations were carried out on two types of implants. Cell morphology and the osteogenic-related gene expression of MG63 cells were observed under conditions of DLMS and microarc oxidation (MAO). A diabetes model in mini-pigs was established by intravenous injection of streptozotocin (150 mg/kg), and a total of 36 implants were inserted into the mandibular region. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histologic evaluations were performed 3 and 6 months after implantation. Results The Ra (the average of the absolute height of all points) of MAO surface was 2.3±0.3 µm while the DLMS surface showed the Ra of 27.4±1.1 µm. The cells on DLMS implants spread out more podia than those on MAO implants through cell morphology analysis. Osteogenic-related gene expression was also dramatically increased in the DLMS group. Obvious improvement was observed in the micro-CT and Van Gieson staining analyses of DLMS implants compared with MAO at 3 months, although this difference disappeared by 6 months. DLMS implants showed a higher bone–implant contact percentage (33.2%±11.2%) at 3 months compared with MAO group (18.9%±7.3%) while similar results were showed at 6 months between DLMS group (42.8%±10.1%) and MAO group (38.3%±10.8%). Conclusion The three-dimensional environment of implant surfaces with highly porous and fully interconnected channel and pore architectures can improve cell spreading and accelerate the progress of osseointegration in diabetic mini-pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Stomatology, Hospital 463 of PLA, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanhui Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sijia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuchao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoru Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongbo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingliang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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28
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Al Qahtani WM, Schille C, Spintzyk S, Al Qahtani MS, Engel E, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Rupp F, Scheideler L. Effect of surface modification of zirconia on cell adhesion, metabolic activity and proliferation of human osteoblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 62:75-87. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2015-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTitanium dental implants with sandblasted and/or acid-etched surfaces have shown clinical superiority in comparison to their smooth, machined counterparts, and are now state of the art. Sandblasting of finished, sintered zirconia implants, however, will damage the surface structure and affect the mechanical properties. To improve osseointegration of zirconia dental implants without impairing the original mechanical strength by crack initiation and partial phase transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic, roughening of the zirconia surface by sandblasting before the final sintering step was employed. Impact of the treatments on cellular reactions of SAOS-2 human osteoblast-like cells was investigated. Sandblasting of Yttrium-stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) with 120 μm and 250 μm Al
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29
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Ting M, Jefferies SR, Xia W, Engqvist H, Suzuki JB. Classification and Effects of Implant Surface Modification on the Bone: Human Cell-Based In Vitro Studies. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2016; 43:58-83. [PMID: 27897464 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-16-00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Implant surfaces are continuously being improved to achieve faster osseointegration and a stronger bone to implant interface. This review will present the various implant surfaces, the parameters for implant surface characterization, and the corresponding in vitro human cell-based studies determining the strength and quality of the bone-implant contact. These in vitro cell-based studies are the basis for animal and clinical studies and are the prelude to further reviews on how these surfaces would perform when subjected to the oral environment and functional loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ting
- 1 Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Steven R Jefferies
- 2 Department of Restorative Dentistry, Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Wei Xia
- 3 Department of Engineering Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Engqvist
- 3 Department of Engineering Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jon B Suzuki
- 4 Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, Pa
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Shaoki A, Xu JY, Sun H, Chen XS, Ouyang J, Zhuang XM, Deng FL. Osseointegration of three-dimensional designed titanium implants manufactured by selective laser melting. Biofabrication 2016; 8:045014. [PMID: 27788123 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/4/045014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The selective laser melting (SLM) technique is a recent additive manufacturing (AM) technique. Several studies have reported success in the SLM-based production of biocompatible orthopaedic implants and three-dimensional bone defect constructs. In this study, we evaluated the surface properties and biocompatibility of an SLM titanium implant in vitro and compared them with those of a machined (MA) titanium control surface. In addition, we evaluated the osseointegration capability of the SLM implants in vivo and compared it with those of MA and Nobel-speedy (Nobel-S) implants. SLM microtopographical surface analysis revealed porous and high roughness with varied geometry compared with a smooth surface in MA Ti samples but with similar favourable wettability. Osteoblast proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly enhanced on the SLM surface. Histological analysis of the bone-implant contact ratio revealed no significant difference among SLM, MA, and Nobel-S implants. Micro-CT assessment indicated that there was no significant difference in bone volume fraction around the implant among SLM implants and other types of surface modification implants. The removal torque value measurement of SLM implants was significantly lower that of than Nobel-S implants P < 0.001 and higher than that of MA implants. The study demonstrates the capability of SLM implants to integrate with living bone. The SLM technique holds promise as a new dental implant manufacturing technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Algabri Shaoki
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Du Z, Xiao Y, Hashimi S, Hamlet SM, Ivanovski S. The effects of implant topography on osseointegration under estrogen deficiency induced osteoporotic conditions: Histomorphometric, transcriptional and ultrastructural analysis. Acta Biomater 2016; 42:351-363. [PMID: 27375286 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Compromised bone quality and/or healing in osteoporosis are recognised risk factors for impaired dental implant osseointegration. This study examined the effects of (1) experimentally induced osteoporosis on titanium implant osseointegration and (2) the effect of modified implant surface topography on osseointegration under osteoporosis-like conditions. Machined and micro-roughened surface implants were placed into the maxillary first molar root socket of 64 ovariectomised and sham-operated Sprague-Dawley rats. Subsequent histological and SEM observations showed tissue maturation on the micro-rough surfaced implants in ovariectomised animals as early as 3days post-implantation. The degree of osseointegration was also significantly higher around the micro-rough implants in ovariectomised animals after 14days of healing although by day 28, similar levels of osseointegration were found for all test groups. The micro-rough implants significantly increased the early (day 3) gene expression of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand and dentin matrix protein 1 in implant adherent cells. By day 7, the expression of inflammatory genes decreased while the expression of the osteogenic markers increased further although there were few statistically significant differences between the micro-rough and machined surfaces. Osteocyte morphology was also affected by estrogen deficiency with the size of the cells being reduced in trabecular bone. In conclusion, estrogen deficiency induced osteoporotic conditions negatively influenced the early osseointegration of machined implants while micro-rough implants compensated for these deleterious effects by enhancing osteogenic cell differentiation on the implant surface. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Lower bone density, poor bone quality and osseous microstructural changes are all features characteristic of osteoporosis that may impair the osseointegration of dental implants. Using a clinically relevant trabecular bone model in the rat maxilla, we demonstrated histologically that the negative effects of surgically-induced osteoporosis on osseointegration could be ameliorated by the biomaterial's surface topography. Furthermore, gene expression analysis suggests this may be a result of enhanced osteogenic cell differentiation on the implant surface.
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Comparison of Removal Torques for Implants With Hydroxyapatite-Blasted and Sandblasted and Acid-Etched Surfaces. IMPLANT DENT 2016; 25:581-7. [PMID: 27540839 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) implants are widely known and used by many practitioners. A resorbable blasting media (RBM) surface is produced by blasting with bioceramic particles. We studied the correlation between the particle sizes of the media and the biomechanical force, evaluating the removal torque of hydroxyapatite-blasted implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Commercial SLA implants comprised the control group, and RBM surface-treated implants of the same size and design comprised the experimental group. These implants were installed on both sides of rabbits' tibiae. Four weeks after the implants were installed, the implant removal torque was measured using a digital torque device. The roughness of the implant surface was analyzed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS Both groups of surface textures exhibited a regular porosity. The 2 groups exhibited different surface roughness. No significant differences in removal torques were observed between the control and experimental groups. CONCLUSION There were no significant differences in our measures of osseointegration between hydroxyapatite-blasted and SLA implants.
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Sun H, Zhang Y, Dou L, Song X, Sun C. Surface modification of pure titanium to improve its anti-inflammatory function. EUR J INFLAMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x15610336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Surface-modified titanium material was prepared to explore its corrosion resistance and microbial adhesion. Methods: Atmospheric pressure plasma was used to modify the surface of pure titanium. The surface morphology and adhesion morphology of P. gingivalis (Porphyromonas gingivalis) were observed through morphology scanning electron microscopy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was detected using a fluorescence spectrophotometer. Electrochemical corrosion properties of the material were detected using simulated fluids and SAGF artificial saliva as electrolyte. Bacteria suspension absorbance was tested using an enzyme standard. Results: After plasma modification, the material surface exhibited numerous ROS formations and improved wettability. Compared with the control group, corrosion potential was higher but corrosion current was lower in simulated body fluids and artificial saliva. Bacterial-suspension absorbance was significantly lower than that in the control group on days 3 and 5 ( P <0.05). Conclusion: The electrochemical and microbial corrosion performance of titanium can be improved by atmospheric pressure plasma. Therefore, this method can thus be used for the surface modification of oral and bone implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Sun
- College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, PR China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Technology, PR China
| | - Yancong Zhang
- College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, PR China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Technology, PR China
| | | | - Xinfeng Song
- College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, PR China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Technology, PR China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, PR China
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Huang Q, Liu X, Elkhooly TA, Zhang R, Shen Z, Feng Q. A novel titania/calcium silicate hydrate hierarchical coating on titanium. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Dumas V, Guignandon A, Vico L, Mauclair C, Zapata X, Linossier MT, Bouleftour W, Granier J, Peyroche S, Dumas JC, Zahouani H, Rattner A. Femtosecond laser nano/micro patterning of titanium influences mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and commitment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:055002. [PMID: 26334374 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/5/055002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Surface improvement of implants is essential for achieving a fast osseo-integration. Technically, the creation of a precise pattern on a titanium alloy surface is challenging. Here, the femtosecond laser was chosen as an innovative technology for texturing with accuracy a nano-micro topography. By adjusting the laser parameters, three biomimetic textures were fabricated on the titanium surface: micropits with nano-ripples in the pits, micropits with nano-ripples around the pits, and a texture with only nano-ripples. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs, C3H10T1/2) grown on these surfaces displayed altered morphometric parameters, and modified their focal adhesions in term of number, size, and distribution depending on surface type. These results indicate that the MSCs perceived subtle differences in topography. Dynamic analyses of early cellular events showed a higher speed of spreading on all the textured surfaces as opposed to the polished titanium. Concerning commitment, all the laser-treated surfaces strongly inhibited the expression of adipogenic-related genes (PPARϒ2, C/EBPα) and up-regulated the expression of osteoblastic-related genes (RUNX2, osteocalcin). Interestingly, the combination of micropits to nano-ripples enhanced their osteogenic potential as seen by a twofold increase in osteocalcin mRNA. Alkaline phosphatase activity was increased on all the textured surfaces, and lipid production was down-regulated. The functionalization of metallic surfaces by this high-resolution process will help us understand the MSCs' interactions with substrates for the development of textured implants with predictable tissue integrative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Dumas
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne (ENISE), LTDS, UMR 5513 CNRS, 42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France
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Soares PBF, Moura CCG, Rocha Júnior HAD, Dechichi P, Zanetta-Barbosa D. Biological characterization of implant surfaces - in vitro study. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
<title>Abstract</title><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Evaluate the biological performance of titanium alloys grade IV under different surface treatments: sandblasting and double etching (Experimental surface 1; Exp1, NEODENT); surface with wettability increase (Experimental surface 2; Exp2, NEODENT) on response of preliminary differentiation and cell maturation.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and method</title><p>Immortalized osteoblast cells were plated on Exp1 and Exp2 titanium discs. The polystyrene plate surface without disc was used as control group (C). Cell viability was assessed by measuring mitochondrial activity (MTT) at 4 and 24 h (n = 5), cell attachment was performed using trypan blue exclusion within 4 hours (n = 5), serum total protein and alkaline phosphatase normalization was performed at 4, 7 and 14 days (n = 5). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.</p></sec><sec><title>Result</title><p>The values of cell viability were: 4h: C– 0.32±0.01<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 0.34±0.08<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 0.29±0.03<sup>A</sup>. 24h: C– 0.43±0.02<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 0.39±0.01<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 0.37±0.03<sup>A</sup>. The cell adhesion counting was: C– 85±10<sup>A</sup>; Exp1- 35±5<sup>B</sup>; Exp2– 20±2<sup>B</sup>. The amounts of serum total protein were 4d: C– 40±2<sup>B</sup>; Exp1– 120±10<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 130±20<sup>A</sup>. 7d: C– 38±2<sup>B</sup>; Exp1– 75±4<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 70±6<sup>A</sup>. 14 d: C– 100±3<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 130±5<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 137±9<sup>A</sup>. The values of alkaline phosphatase normalization were: 4d: C– 2.0±0.1<sup>C</sup>; Exp1– 5.1±0.8<sup>B</sup>; Exp2– 9.8±2.0<sup>A</sup>. 7d: C– 1.0±0.01<sup>C</sup>; Exp1– 5.3±0.5<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 3.0±0.3<sup>B</sup>. 14 d: C– 4.1±0.3<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 4.4±0.8<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 2.2±0.2<sup>B</sup>. Different letters related to statistical differences.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The surfaces tested exhibit different behavior at dosage of alkaline phosphatase normalization showing that the Exp2 is more associated with induction of cell differentiation process and that Exp1 is more related to the mineralization process.</p></sec>
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Albertini M, Fernandez-Yague M, Lázaro P, Herrero-Climent M, Rios-Santos JV, Bullon P, Gil FJ. Advances in surfaces and osseointegration in implantology. Biomimetic surfaces. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2015; 20:e316-25. [PMID: 25662555 PMCID: PMC4464919 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.20353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work is a revision of the processes occurring in osseointegration of titanium dental implants according to different types of surfaces -namely, polished surfaces, rough surfaces obtained from subtraction methods, as well as the new hydroxyapatite biomimetic surfaces obtained from thermochemical processes. Hydroxyapatite’s high plasma-projection temperatures have proven to prevent the formation of crystalline apatite on the titanium dental implant, but lead to the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate (i.e., with no crystal structure) instead. This layer produce some osseointegration yet the calcium phosphate layer will eventually dissolve and leave a gap between the bone and the dental implant, thus leading to osseointegration failure due to bacterial colonization. A new surface -recently obtained by thermochemical processes- produces, by crystallization, a layer of apatite with the same mineral content as human bone that is chemically bonded to the titanium surface. Osseointegration speed was tested by means of minipigs, showing bone formation after 3 to 4 weeks, with the security that a dental implant can be loaded. This surface can be an excellent candidate for immediate or early loading procedures.
Key words:Dental implants, implants surfaces, osseointegration, biomimetics surfaces.
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Biomimetic approaches in bone tissue engineering: Integrating biological and physicomechanical strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:1-29. [PMID: 25236302 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of responsive biomaterials capable of demonstrating modulated function in response to dynamic physiological and mechanical changes in vivo remains an important challenge in bone tissue engineering. To achieve long-term repair and good clinical outcomes, biologically responsive approaches that focus on repair and reconstitution of tissue structure and function through drug release, receptor recognition, environmental responsiveness and tuned biodegradability are required. Traditional orthopedic materials lack biomimicry, and mismatches in tissue morphology, or chemical and mechanical properties ultimately accelerate device failure. Multiple stimuli have been proposed as principal contributors or mediators of cell activity and bone tissue formation, including physical (substrate topography, stiffness, shear stress and electrical forces) and biochemical factors (growth factors, genes or proteins). However, optimal solutions to bone regeneration remain elusive. This review will focus on biological and physicomechanical considerations currently being explored in bone tissue engineering.
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Shen X, Ma P, Hu Y, Xu G, Zhou J, Cai K. Mesenchymal stem cell growth behavior on micro/nano hierarchical surfaces of titanium substrates. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 127:221-32. [PMID: 25687093 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Surface topography of an orthopedic implant plays an essential role in the regulation of bone formation with surrounding bone tissue. To investigate the effects of surface topography of titanium (Ti) substrates on cellular behavior of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a series of micro/nano hierarchical structures were fabricated onto micro-structured titanium (Micro-Ti) substrates via a sol-gel method with spin-coat technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface profiler, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle measurement were employed to certify the successful fabrication of micro/nano hierarchical structures with the presence of various nano-sized TiO2 grains (20 nm, 40 nm and 80 nm, respectively) onto micro-structured surfaces. The formation mechanism of the micro/nano hierarchical structures was proposed. Moreover, the effects of those hierarchical structures on the growth behavior of MSCs were evaluated both on cellular and molecular levels in vitro. The results confirmed that micro/nano hierarchical structures with large grains (80 nm) greatly promoted the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs comparing with other small grains (20 nm and 40 nm). The study provides an alternative for the fabrication of hierarchically structured Ti implants for potential orthopedic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Pingping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Gaoqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
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Surface modifications of dental ceramic implants with different glass solder matrices: in vitro analyses with human primary osteoblasts and epithelial cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:742180. [PMID: 25295270 PMCID: PMC4177732 DOI: 10.1155/2014/742180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ceramic materials show excellent esthetic behavior, along with an absence of hypersensitivity, making them a possible alternative implant material in dental surgery. However, their surface properties enable only limited osseointegration compared to titanium implants. Within this study, a novel surface coating technique for enhanced osseointegration was investigated biologically and mechanically. Specimens of tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (TZP) and aluminum toughened zirconia (ATZ) were modified with glass solder matrices in two configurations which mainly consisted of SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, and Na2O. The influence on human osteoblastic and epithelial cell viability was examined by means of a WST-1 assay as well as live/dead staining. A C1CP-ELISA was carried out to verify procollagen type I production. Uncoated/sandblasted ceramic specimens and sandblasted titanium surfaces were investigated as a reference. Furthermore, mechanical investigations of bilaterally coated pellets were conducted with respect to surface roughness and adhesive strength of the different coatings. These tests could demonstrate a mechanically stable implant coating with glass solder matrices. The coated ceramic specimens show enhanced osteoblastic and partly epithelial viability and matrix production compared to the titanium control. Hence, the new glass solder matrix coating could improve bone cell growth as a prerequisite for enhanced osseointegration of ceramic implants.
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Kweon H, Lee SW, Hahn BD, Lee YC, Kim SG. Hydroxyapatite and silk combination-coated dental implants result in superior bone formation in the peri-implant area compared with hydroxyapatite and collagen combination-coated implants. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 72:1928-36. [PMID: 25234528 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.06.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to compare bone formation after installation of uncoated (UC), hydroxyapatite-coated (HA), collagen plus HA-coated (CH), and silk plus HA-coated (SH) implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Implants in the UC group had acid-etched surfaces. Surface coating was applied using the aerosol deposition method. Cellular responses on the coated surfaces were examined with scanning electron microscopy. Cellular responses to the surfaces were studied with the corresponding coated discs and MG63 cells. Subsequently, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays were performed. Peri-implant bone formation was evaluated with the rabbit tibia model. Twenty-four implants from each group were installed. The animals were sacrificed 6 weeks after implant installation. Peri-implant bone formation and implant-to-bone contact were measured in histologic sections. Significance of differences across groups was evaluated using analysis of variance. RESULTS Scanning electron microscopic images showed that the CH and SH groups exhibited cells that appeared more spread out than those in the other groups. The SH group exhibited the highest value in the MTT assay. The CH group exhibited the highest level of ALP activity. Comparisons of these modifications with the acid-etched surfaces showed that the CH and SH groups displayed significantly greater peri-implant bone formation (P < .001). CONCLUSION The SH group displayed significantly greater new bone formation and bone-to-implant contact than did the other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- HaeYong Kweon
- Researcher, Sericultural and Apicultural Materials Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woon Lee
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Dong Hahn
- Researcher, Powder and Ceramics Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chan Lee
- Clinician, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bestian Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Associate Professor and Chairman, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.
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Mick E, Markhoff J, Mitrovic A, Jonitz A, Bader R. New Coating Technique of Ceramic Implants with Different Glass Solder Matrices for Improved Osseointegration-Mechanical Investigations. MATERIALS 2013; 6:4001-4010. [PMID: 28788314 PMCID: PMC5452662 DOI: 10.3390/ma6094001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ceramics are a very popular material in dental implant technology due to their tribological properties, their biocompatibility and their esthetic appearance. However, their natural surface structure lacks the ability of proper osseointegration, which constitutes a crucial process for the stability and, thus, the functionality of a bone implant. We investigated the application of a glass solder matrix in three configurations—consisting mainly of SiO2, Al2O3, K2O and Na2O to TZP-A ceramic specimens. The corresponding adhesive strength and surface roughness of the coatings on ceramic specimens have been analyzed. Thereby, high adhesive strength (70.3 ± 7.9 MPa) was found for the three different coatings. The obtained roughness (Rz) amounted to 18.24 ± 2.48 µm in average, with significant differences between the glass solder configurations. Furthermore, one configuration was also tested after additional etching which did not lead to significant increase of surface roughness (19.37 ± 1.04 µm) or adhesive strength (57.2 ± 5.8 MPa). In conclusion, coating with glass solder matrix seems to be a promising surface modification technique that may enable direct insertion of ceramic implants in dental and orthopaedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Mick
- Department of Orthopaedics, Research Lab for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, University Medicine Rostock, Doberaner Strasse 142, Rostock 18057, Germany.
| | - Jana Markhoff
- Department of Orthopaedics, Research Lab for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, University Medicine Rostock, Doberaner Strasse 142, Rostock 18057, Germany.
| | - Aurica Mitrovic
- ZM Praezisionsdentaltechnik GmbH, Breite Strasse 16, Rostock 18055, Germany.
| | - Anika Jonitz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Research Lab for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, University Medicine Rostock, Doberaner Strasse 142, Rostock 18057, Germany.
| | - Rainer Bader
- Department of Orthopaedics, Research Lab for Biomechanics and Implant Technology, University Medicine Rostock, Doberaner Strasse 142, Rostock 18057, Germany.
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