Systemic IFNγ predicts local implant macrophage response

Association of systemic antibody response against polyethylene terephthalate with inflammatory serum cytokine profile following implantation of differently coated vascular prostheses in a rat animal model

Experimental studies demonstrated antibodies against matrix and coating of polyester-based vascular prostheses. Thus, this study examined associations of these antibodies with serum cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10) and local inflammatory reactions. Rats (n = 8/group) intramuscularly received prosthesis segments [PET-C, PET-G, and PET-A groups: polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based prostheses coated with bovine collagen and gelatin or human serum albumin, respectively; uncoated polytetrafluoroethylene-based (PTFE) prosthesis], with sham-operated controls. Blood was drawn pre-operatively and weekly until day 22. Polymer-specific or coating-specific antibodies and cytokines were detected by enzyme immunoassays, inflammatory reactions were immunohistochemically evaluated on day 23. Polymer-specific antibodies were detected in all PET-groups using uncoated PET as antigenic target, but not for PTFE or controls, coating-specific antibodies only for PET-A. IL-10 was increased in all PET-groups and correlated with polymer-specific antibodies for PET-G and PET-A. IL-2 was increased for PET-A, but overall correlated with PET-specific antibodies. IL-4 remained unchanged in all groups. Intense local inflammatory reactions (ED1⁺ /ED2⁺ macrophages and T lymphocytes) were found within all PET-groups, but only minor for PTFE or controls. In conclusion, PET-specific antibodies were associated with increased IL-10 and along with concurrent coating-specific antibodies also with increased IL-2, indicating a specific T cell response. Thus, matrix and/or coating of polymeric vascular prostheses elicit distinct systemic immune reactions, probably influencing local inflammatory reactions.

Interleukin-10 and Interleukin-1β Cytokines Expression in Leukocytes of Patients with Chronic Peri-Mucositis

BACKGROUND The purpose of the present research is to analyze the effect of polyphenols and flavonoids substrat (PFS) from plants Calendula officinalis, Salvia fruticosa, Achillea millefolium, and propolis as immunomodulatory in the production of interleukin (IL)-1ß and IL-10 in peripheral blood leukocytes medium (PBLM) in patients who were diagnosed with mucositis of peri-implant tissue compared to patients with healthy implant tissue. It was hypothesized that IL-1ß and IL-10 contribute to the inflammation processes noticed in the diseases of peri-implant tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty non-smoking patients were included in this study: patients with healthy implants (HP group) and patients with peri-implant mucositis (MP group). Peri-mucositis was diagnosed by radiologic and clinical examination. The PBLM from MP were treated with PFS at various concentrations. The levels of IL-10 and IL-1ß excreted by the PBLM stimulated and unstimulated with viable Porphyromonas gingivalis test-tube were committed by the enzyme amplified immunoassay sensitivity method. RESULTS Unstimulated and stimulated PBLM and treatment with 5.0 mg/mL or 10.0 mg/mL of PFS in the MP group produced significantly higher levels IL-10 (P<0.001) that analogous mediums of the HP group. The levels of IL-1ß decreased more considerably in the stimulated PBLM of the MP group than in those of HP group (P<0.001) after the treatment with PFS at only 10.0 mg/mL concentration. CONCLUSIONS Theses results suggest that the solution of PFS might offer a new potential for the development of a new therapeutic path to prevent and treat peri-implant mucositis.

Plasma Polymerized Allylamine-The Unique Cell-Attractive Nanolayer for Dental Implant Materials

Biomaterials should be bioactive in stimulating the surrounding tissue to accelerate the ingrowth of permanent implants. Chemical and topographical features of the biomaterial surface affect cell physiology at the interface. A frequently asked question is whether the chemistry or the topography dominates the cell-material interaction. Recently, we demonstrated that a plasma-chemical modification using allylamine as a precursor was able to boost not only cell attachment and cell migration, but also intracellular signaling in vital cells. This microwave plasma process generated a homogenous nanolayer with randomly distributed, positively charged amino groups. In contrast, the surface of the human osteoblast is negatively charged at −15 mV due to its hyaluronan coat. As a consequence, we assumed that positive charges at the material surface—provoking electrostatic interaction forces—are attractive for the first cell encounter. This plasma-chemical nanocoating can be used for several biomaterials in orthopedic and dental implantology like titanium, titanium alloys, calcium phosphate scaffolds, and polylactide fiber meshes produced by electrospinning. In this regard, we wanted to ascertain whether plasma polymerized allylamine (PPAAm) is also suitable for increasing the attractiveness of a ceramic surface for dental implants using Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia.

Skin wound repair: Results of a pre-clinical study to evaluate electropsun collagen-elastin-PCL scaffolds as dermal substitutes

The gold standard treatment for severe burn injuries is autologous skin grafting and the use of commercial dermal substitutes. However, resulting skin tissue following treatment usually displays abnormal morphology and functionality including scarring, skin contracture due to the poor elasticity and strength of existing dermal substitutes. In this study, we have developed a triple-polymer scaffold made of collagen-elastin-polycaprolactone (CEP) composite, aiming to enhance the mechanical properties of the scaffold while retaining its biological properties in promoting cell attachment, proliferation and tissue regeneration. The inclusion of elastin was revealed to decrease the stiffness of the scaffold, while also decreasing hysteresis and increasing elasticity. In mice, electrospun collagen-elastin-PCL scaffolds promoted keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation, tissue integration and accelerated early-stage angiogenesis. Only a mild inflammatory response was observed in the first 2 weeks post-subcutaneous implantation. Our data indicates that the electrospun collagen-elastin-PCL scaffolds could potentially serve as a skin substitute to promote skin cell growth and tissue regeneration after severe burn injury.

Dynamic metrics-based biomarkers to predict responders to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy

Background

Anti-PD-1 immunotherapies have shown clinical benefit in multiple cancers, but response was only observed in a subset of patients. Predicting which patients will respond is an urgent clinical need, but current companion diagnosis based on PD-L1 IHC staining shows limited predictability.

Methods

A dynamic, metrics-based biomarker was developed to discriminate responders from non-responders for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in B16F10 melanoma-bearing mice.

Results

Similar to patients, there was considerable heterogeneity in response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in mice. Compared with the control group, 45% of anti-PD-1 antibody-treated mice displayed improved survival (defined as responders) and the remainder only gained little, if any, survival benefit from PD-1 blockade (non-responders). Interestingly, the dynamics of IFN-γ secretion by peripheral lymphocytes was associated with faster secretion onset (shorter lag time), stronger exponential phase, shorter time to half magnitude, and higher magnitude of secretion in responders at day 10 after tumour inoculation. To sufficiently predict responders from non-responders, IFN-γ secretion descriptors as well as phenotypic markers were subjected to multivariate analysis using orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).

Conclusions

By integrating phenotypic markers, IFN-γ secretion descriptors sufficiently predict response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Such a dynamic, metrics-based biomarker holds high diagnostic potential for anti-PD-1 checkpoint immunotherapy.