1
|
Pohl C, Kunzmann M, Brandt N, Koppe C, Waletzko-Hellwig J, Bader R, Kalle F, Kersting S, Behrendt D, Schlosser M, Hoene A. Quantitative analysis of trabecular bone tissue cryosections via a fully automated neural network-based approach. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298830. [PMID: 38625969 PMCID: PMC11020490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryosectioning is known as a common and well-established histological method, due to its easy accessibility, speed, and cost efficiency. However, the creation of bone cryosections is especially difficult. In this study, a cryosectioning protocol for trabecular bone that offers a relatively cheap and undemanding alternative to paraffin or resin embedded sectioning was developed. Sections are stainable with common histological dying methods while maintaining sufficient quality to answer a variety of scientific questions. Furthermore, this study introduces an automated protocol for analysing such sections, enabling users to rapidly access a wide range of different stainings. Therefore, an automated 'QuPath' neural network-based image analysis protocol for histochemical analysis of trabecular bone samples was established, and compared to other automated approaches as well as manual analysis regarding scattering, quality, and reliability. This highly automated protocol can handle enormous amounts of image data with no significant differences in its results when compared with a manual method. Even though this method was applied specifically for bone tissue, it works for a wide variety of different tissues and scientific questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Pohl
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Moritz Kunzmann
- University of Heidelberg, BioQuant Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nico Brandt
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Charlotte Koppe
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Janine Waletzko-Hellwig
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics, Research Laboratory of Biomechanics and Implant Technology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rainer Bader
- Department of Orthopaedics, Research Laboratory of Biomechanics and Implant Technology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Friederike Kalle
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stephan Kersting
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel Behrendt
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Schlosser
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoene
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marzinotto I, Pittman DL, Williams AJK, Long AE, Achenbach P, Schlosser M, Akolkar B, Winter WE, Lampasona V. Islet Autoantibody Standardization Program: interlaboratory comparison of insulin autoantibody assay performance in 2018 and 2020 workshops. Diabetologia 2023; 66:897-912. [PMID: 36759347 PMCID: PMC10036445 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The Islet Autoantibody Standardization Program (IASP) aims to improve the performance of immunoassays measuring autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes and the concordance of results across laboratories. IASP organises international workshops distributing anonymised serum samples to participating laboratories and centralises the collection and analysis of results. In this report, we describe the results of assays measuring IAA submitted to the IASP 2018 and 2020 workshops. METHODS The IASP distributed uniquely coded sera from individuals with new-onset type 1 diabetes, multiple islet autoantibody-positive individuals, and diabetes-free blood donors in both 2018 and 2020. Serial dilutions of the anti-insulin mouse monoclonal antibody HUI-018 were also included. Sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC), partial ROC-AUC at 95% specificity (pAUC95) and concordance of qualitative/quantitative results were compared across assays. RESULTS Results from 45 IAA assays of seven different formats and from 37 IAA assays of six different formats were submitted to the IASP in 2018 and 2020, respectively. The median ROC-AUC was 0.736 (IQR 0.617-0.803) and 0.790 (IQR 0.730-0.836), while the median pAUC95 was 0.016 (IQR 0.004-0.021) and 0.023 (IQR 0.014-0.026) in the 2018 and 2020 workshops, respectively. Assays largely differed in AUC (IASP 2018 range 0.232-0.874; IASP 2020 range 0.379-0.924) and pAUC95 (IASP 2018 and IASP 2020 range 0-0.032). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Assay formats submitted to this study showed heterogeneous performance. Despite the high variability across laboratories, the in-house radiobinding assay (RBA) remains the gold standard for IAA measurement. However, novel non-radioactive IAA immunoassays showed a good performance and, if further improved, might be considered valid alternatives to RBAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Marzinotto
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - David L Pittman
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alistair J K Williams
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anna E Long
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Achenbach
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Michael Schlosser
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Research Group of Predictive Diagnostics, University Medical Center Greifswald, Karlsburg, Germany
| | - Beena Akolkar
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William E Winter
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Vito Lampasona
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Waletzko-Hellwig J, Pohl C, Riese J, Schlosser M, Dau M, Engel N, Springer A, Bader R. Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure on Human Trabecular Bone Regarding Cell Death and Matrix Integrity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:730266. [PMID: 34458245 PMCID: PMC8387795 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.730266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The reconstruction of critical size bone defects is still clinically challenging. Even though the transplantation of autologous bone is used as gold standard, this therapy is accompanied by donor site morbidities as well as tissue limitations. The alternatively used allografts, which are devitalized due to thermal, chemical or physical processing, often lose their matrix integrity and have diminished biomechanical properties. High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) may represent a gentle alternative to already existing methods since HHP treated human osteoblasts undergo cell death and HHP treated bone cylinders maintain their mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to determine the biological effects caused by HHP treatment regarding protein/matrix integrity and type of cell death in trabecular bone cylinders. Therefore, different pressure protocols (250 and 300 MPa for 10, 20 and 30 min) and end point analysis such as quantification of DNA-fragmentation, gene expression, SDS-PAGE, FESEM analysis and histological staining were performed. While both protein and matrix integrity was preserved, molecular biological methods showed an apoptotic differentiation of cell death for lower pressures and shorter applications (250 MPa for 10 and 20 min) and necrotic differentiation for higher pressures and longer applications (300 MPa for 30 min). This study serves as a basis for further investigation as it shows that HHP successfully devitalizes trabecular bone cylinders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Waletzko-Hellwig
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christopher Pohl
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Janik Riese
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Schlosser
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Dau
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nadja Engel
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Armin Springer
- Medical Biology and Electron Microscopy Center, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rainer Bader
- Biomechanics and Implant Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Koppe C, Hoene A, Walschus U, Finke B, Testrich H, Pohl C, Brandt N, Patrzyk M, Meichsner J, Nebe B, Schlosser M. Local Inflammatory Response after Intramuscularly Implantation of Anti-Adhesive Plasma-Fluorocarbon-Polymer Coated Ti6AI4V Discs in Rats. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162684. [PMID: 34451224 PMCID: PMC8399026 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthopaedic implants and temporary osteosynthesis devices are commonly based on Titanium (Ti). For short-term devices, cell-material contact should be restricted for easy removal after bone healing. This could be achieved with anti-adhesive plasma-fluorocarbon-polymer (PFP) films created by low-temperature plasma processes. Two different PFP thin film deposition techniques, microwave (MW) and radiofrequency (RF) discharge plasma, were applied to receive smooth, hydrophobic surfaces with octafluoropropane (C3F8) or hexafluorohexane (C6F6) as precursors. This study aimed at examining the immunological local tissue reactions after simultaneous intramuscular implantation of four different Ti samples, designated as MW-C3F8, MW-C6F6, RF-C3F8 and Ti-controls, in rats. A differentiated morphometric evaluation of the inflammatory reaction was conducted by immunohistochemical staining of CD68+ macrophages, CD163+ macrophages, MHC class II-positive cells, T lymphocytes, CD25+ regulatory T lymphocytes, NK cells and nestin-positive cells in cryosections of surrounding peri-implant tissue. Tissue samples were obtained on days 7, 14 and 56 for investigating the acute and chronical inflammation (n = 8 rats/group). Implants with a radiofrequency discharge plasma (RF-C3F8) coating exhibited a favorable short- and long-term immune/inflammatory response comparable to Ti-controls. This was also demonstrated by the significant decrease in pro-inflammatory CD68+ macrophages, possibly downregulated by significantly increasing regulatory T lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Koppe
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; (C.K.); (A.H.); (U.W.); (C.P.); (N.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Andreas Hoene
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; (C.K.); (A.H.); (U.W.); (C.P.); (N.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Uwe Walschus
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; (C.K.); (A.H.); (U.W.); (C.P.); (N.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Birgit Finke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17487 Greifswald, Germany; (B.F.); (H.T.)
| | - Holger Testrich
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17487 Greifswald, Germany; (B.F.); (H.T.)
| | - Christopher Pohl
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; (C.K.); (A.H.); (U.W.); (C.P.); (N.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Nico Brandt
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; (C.K.); (A.H.); (U.W.); (C.P.); (N.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Maciej Patrzyk
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; (C.K.); (A.H.); (U.W.); (C.P.); (N.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Jürgen Meichsner
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Barbara Nebe
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Michael Schlosser
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; (C.K.); (A.H.); (U.W.); (C.P.); (N.B.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3834-8680422
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Köhler R, Pohl C, Walschus U, Zippel R, Wilhelm L, Hoene A, Patrzyk M, Schlosser M. Association of systemic antibody response against polyethylene terephthalate with inflammatory serum cytokine profile following implantation of differently coated vascular prostheses in a rat animal model. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:52-63. [PMID: 34245083 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies demonstrated antibodies against matrix and coating of polyester-based vascular prostheses. Thus, this study examined associations of these antibodies with serum cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10) and local inflammatory reactions. Rats (n = 8/group) intramuscularly received prosthesis segments [PET-C, PET-G, and PET-A groups: polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based prostheses coated with bovine collagen and gelatin or human serum albumin, respectively; uncoated polytetrafluoroethylene-based (PTFE) prosthesis], with sham-operated controls. Blood was drawn pre-operatively and weekly until day 22. Polymer-specific or coating-specific antibodies and cytokines were detected by enzyme immunoassays, inflammatory reactions were immunohistochemically evaluated on day 23. Polymer-specific antibodies were detected in all PET-groups using uncoated PET as antigenic target, but not for PTFE or controls, coating-specific antibodies only for PET-A. IL-10 was increased in all PET-groups and correlated with polymer-specific antibodies for PET-G and PET-A. IL-2 was increased for PET-A, but overall correlated with PET-specific antibodies. IL-4 remained unchanged in all groups. Intense local inflammatory reactions (ED1+ /ED2+ macrophages and T lymphocytes) were found within all PET-groups, but only minor for PTFE or controls. In conclusion, PET-specific antibodies were associated with increased IL-10 and along with concurrent coating-specific antibodies also with increased IL-2, indicating a specific T cell response. Thus, matrix and/or coating of polymeric vascular prostheses elicit distinct systemic immune reactions, probably influencing local inflammatory reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Köhler
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christopher Pohl
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Walschus
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Roland Zippel
- Department of Surgery, Elbe-Elster Hospital, Herzberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Wilhelm
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Demmin, Demmin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoene
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maciej Patrzyk
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Schlosser
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sands K, Blanchard J, Grubbs K, O'Neal F, Schlosser M, Korwek K, Englebright J, Perlin J. Universal Protection: Operationalizing Infection Prevention Guidance in the COVID-19 Era. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2021; 47:327-332. [PMID: 33526409 PMCID: PMC7826040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has required facilities to quickly respond to a myriad of infection prevention recommendations, as well as design their own protocols. The varied and changing guidance has been difficult for staff to absorb and has presented challenges for managing compliance. APPROACH HCA Healthcare recognized the need for a coordinated approach to managing infection prevention guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic and a mechanism for monitoring compliance and responding to implementation challenges remotely. This innovation consisted of a bundle of infection prevention guidance referred to as the Universal Protection Framework that collated existing recommendations into an easy-to-understand structure with four domains: core infection prevention practices, access control, distancing, and patient flow. This was supported by education and clear communication. A remote monitoring program that incorporated a combination of report review and virtual observation via videoconferencing using an on-site leader as a navigator for the discussion assessed 46 survey domains for compliance. RESULTS This framework was implemented in a large health care system, and to date compliance has been monitored at 15 facilities. Overall, compliance was high (average, 90%). High compliance was seen with oversight and distribution of personal protective equipment, cohorting of COVID-19 patients, facility access controls, and employee exposure monitoring. Challenges were identified in compliance with social distancing and universal masking. CONCLUSION Complex infection prevention expectations for COVID-19 can be communicated and implemented by bundling into a simple framework. This innovation also demonstrated that compliance can be measured remotely, which may be useful even after the pandemic challenges have passed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Baumann K, Kesselring K, Lampasona V, Walschus U, Kerner W, Wassmuth R, Schlosser M. Autoantibodies against zinc transporter 8 further stratify the autoantibody-defined risk for type 1 diabetes in a general population of schoolchildren and have distinctive isoform binding patterns in different forms of autoimmune diabetes: results from the Karlsburg Type 1 Diabetes Risk Study. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14389. [PMID: 32799407 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the diagnostic relevance of autoantibodies against zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) in schoolchildren from the general population as well as in people with autoimmune diabetes. METHODS A total of 137 schoolchildren positive for at least one of the three major diabetes-associated autoantibodies, without diabetes heredity or preselection on HLA typing, from the Karlsburg Type 1 Diabetes Risk Study, as well as 102 people at type 1 diabetes onset, 88 people with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and 119 people with type 2 diabetes, were analysed for different ZnT8 autoantibody variants. RESULTS Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody positivity was found in 18% of autoantibody-positive schoolchildren, with a noticeable association with other autoantibodies associated with type 1 diabetes and disease progression. Furthermore, ZnT8 autoantibody positivity was associated with diabetes progression in schoolchildren positive for autoantibodies against insulinoma-associated antigen-2 (IA-2) and, importantly, in seven IA-2 autoantibody-negative schoolchildren. Additionally, ZnT8 autoantibodies were found in 56% of people with type 1 diabetes, predominantly directed against all three ZnT8 variants and comparable to schoolchildren with multiple autoantibodies. In contrast, ZnT8 autoantibodies were detected in 10% of people with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, none of them with reactivity to all three isoforms. CONCLUSION Zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies are useful markers for prediction of type 1 diabetes in a general population, further stratifying the risk of progression in autoantibody-positive children. ZnT8 autoantibodies are also important markers in adult-onset diabetes, with a completely different reaction pattern in type 1 diabetes in comparison to latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, and may therefore help to differentiate between the two forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Baumann
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - K Kesselring
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - V Lampasona
- Diabetes Research Institute (SR-DRI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - U Walschus
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - W Kerner
- Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Karlsburg, Germany
| | - R Wassmuth
- Department of Quality Management, University Medical Center Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - M Schlosser
- Department of General Surgery, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Preuschoff T, Schlosser M, Birkl G. Digital laser frequency and intensity stabilization based on the STEMlab platform (originally Red Pitaya). Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:083001. [PMID: 32872896 DOI: 10.1063/5.0009524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development, implementation, and characterization of digital controllers for laser frequency stabilization as well as intensity stabilization and control. Our design is based on the STEMlab (originally Red Pitaya) platform. The presented analog hardware interfaces provide all necessary functionalities for the designated applications and can be integrated in standard 19-in. rack mount units. Printed circuit board layouts are made available as an open-source project (T. Preuschoff et al., https://github.com/TU-Darmstadt-APQ/RedPitaya-Lockbox, 2020 and T. Preuschoff et al., https://github.com/TU-Darmstadt-APQ/RedPitaya-IntStab, 2020). A detailed characterization shows that the bandwidth (1.25 MHz) and the noise performance of the controllers are limited by the STEMlab system and not affected by the supplementary hardware. Frequency stabilization of a diode laser system resulting in a linewidth of 52(1) kHz (FWHM) is demonstrated. Intensity control to the 1 × 10-3 level with sub-microsecond rise and fall times based on an acousto-optic modulator as actuator is achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Preuschoff
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstr. 7, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Schlosser
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstr. 7, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Birkl
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstr. 7, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schlosser M, Signorelli H, Gregg W, Korwek K, Sands K. COVID-19 testing processes and patient protections for resumption of elective surgery. Am J Surg 2020; 221:49-52. [PMID: 32736801 PMCID: PMC7367801 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William Gregg
- HCA Healthcare, One Park Plaza, Nashville TN, 37203, United States
| | - Kimberly Korwek
- HCA Healthcare, One Park Plaza, Nashville TN, 37203, United States.
| | - Kenneth Sands
- HCA Healthcare, One Park Plaza, Nashville TN, 37203, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hoene A, Lucke S, Walschus U, Hackbarth C, Prinz C, Evert FK, Neumann HG, Schlosser M. Effects of copper-impregnated collagen implants on local pro- and anti-inflammatory and regenerative tissue reactions following implantation in rats. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:871-881. [PMID: 31846170 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Combining collagen, an established regenerative biomaterial, and copper (Cu) with its known antibacterial and angiogenic effects could improve wound healing. However, Cu is also cytotoxic. Thus, this study aimed at examining the tissue reactions after simultaneous intramuscular implantation of collagen discs either without Cu (controls) or impregnated in 2, 20, or 200 mmol/L Cu acetate in 24 rats. After 7, 14, and 56 days, implants with peri-implant tissue were retrieved from 8 rats/day for immunohistochemical detection of CD68+ monocytes/macrophages and CD163+ macrophages, MHC-II+ cells, T lymphocytes and nestin as tissue regeneration marker. CD68+ monocytes/macrophages around implants increased with Cu amount but decreased over time except for the highest Cu amount, while CD163+ macrophages increased over time around and within implants. MHC-II+ cells were similar to CD68+ monocytes/macrophages. T lymphocyte numbers around implants were higher for Cu-impregnated samples vs. controls on day 7 and highest on day 14, but declined afterwards. Nestin expression around and within implants was largely unaffected by Cu. In conclusion, pro-inflammatory reactions around implants were dose-dependently influenced by Cu but mostly decreased over time, while Cu did not negatively affect anti-inflammatory and regenerative reactions. These results suggest that Cu-impregnated collagen could be beneficial in wound treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoene
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Silke Lucke
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Walschus
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christine Hackbarth
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Friedrich-Karl Evert
- Research and Development, MBP-Medical Biomaterial Products GmbH, Neustadt-Glewe, Germany
| | | | - Michael Schlosser
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lampasona V, Pittman DL, Williams AJ, Achenbach P, Schlosser M, Akolkar B, Winter WE. Islet Autoantibody Standardization Program 2018 Workshop: Interlaboratory Comparison of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibody Assay Performance. Clin Chem 2019; 65:1141-1152. [PMID: 31409598 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2019.304196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Islet Autoantibody Standardization Program (IASP) aims to improve the performance of immunoassays measuring type 1 diabetes (T1D)-associated autoantibodies and the concordance of results among laboratories. IASP organizes international interlaboratory assay comparison studies in which blinded serum samples are distributed to participating laboratories, followed by centralized collection and analysis of results, providing participants with an unbiased comparative assessment. In this report, we describe the results of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody (GADA) assays presented in the IASP 2018 workshop. METHODS In May 2018, IASP distributed to participants uniquely coded sera from 43 new-onset T1D patients, 7 multiple autoantibody-positive nondiabetic individuals, and 90 blood donors. Results were analyzed for the following metrics: sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, area under the ROC curve (ROC-AUC), partial ROC-AUC at 95% specificity (pAUC95), and concordance of qualitative and quantitative results. RESULTS Thirty-seven laboratories submitted results from a total of 48 different GADA assays adopting 9 different formats. The median ROC-AUC and pAUC95 of all assays were 0.87 [interquartile range (IQR), 0.83-0.89] and 0.036 (IQR, 0.032-0.039), respectively. Large differences in pAUC95 (range, 0.001-0.0411) were observed across assays. Of formats widely adopted, bridge ELISAs showed the best median pAUC95 (0.039; range, 0.036-0.041). CONCLUSIONS Several novel assay formats submitted to this study showed heterogeneous performance. In 2018, the majority of the best performing GADA immunoassays consisted of novel or established nonradioactive tests that proved on a par or superior to the radiobinding assay, the previous gold standard assay format for GADA measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vito Lampasona
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy;
| | - David L Pittman
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Alistair J Williams
- Diabetes and Metabolism, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Achenbach
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schlosser
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute of Pathophysiology, Research Group of Predictive Diagnostics, University of Greifswald, Karlsburg, Germany
| | - Beena Akolkar
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nebe JB, Rebl H, Schlosser M, Staehlke S, Gruening M, Weltmann KD, Walschus U, Finke B. Plasma Polymerized Allylamine-The Unique Cell-Attractive Nanolayer for Dental Implant Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11061004. [PMID: 31195717 PMCID: PMC6631006 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials should be bioactive in stimulating the surrounding tissue to accelerate the ingrowth of permanent implants. Chemical and topographical features of the biomaterial surface affect cell physiology at the interface. A frequently asked question is whether the chemistry or the topography dominates the cell-material interaction. Recently, we demonstrated that a plasma-chemical modification using allylamine as a precursor was able to boost not only cell attachment and cell migration, but also intracellular signaling in vital cells. This microwave plasma process generated a homogenous nanolayer with randomly distributed, positively charged amino groups. In contrast, the surface of the human osteoblast is negatively charged at −15 mV due to its hyaluronan coat. As a consequence, we assumed that positive charges at the material surface—provoking electrostatic interaction forces—are attractive for the first cell encounter. This plasma-chemical nanocoating can be used for several biomaterials in orthopedic and dental implantology like titanium, titanium alloys, calcium phosphate scaffolds, and polylactide fiber meshes produced by electrospinning. In this regard, we wanted to ascertain whether plasma polymerized allylamine (PPAAm) is also suitable for increasing the attractiveness of a ceramic surface for dental implants using Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Barbara Nebe
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Henrike Rebl
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Michael Schlosser
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Susanne Staehlke
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Martina Gruening
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Dieter Weltmann
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Uwe Walschus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Birgit Finke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lucke S, Walschus U, Hoene A, Schnabelrauch M, Nebe JB, Finke B, Schlosser M. The
in vivo
inflammatory and foreign body giant cell response against different poly(
l
‐lactide‐co‐
d/l
‐lactide) implants is primarily determined by material morphology rather than surface chemistry. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:2726-2734. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Lucke
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity Medical Center Greifswald Ferdinand‐Sauerbruch‐Str D‐17475 Greifswald Germany
| | - Uwe Walschus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity Medical Center Greifswald Ferdinand‐Sauerbruch‐Str D‐17475 Greifswald Germany
| | - Andreas Hoene
- Department of SurgeryUniversity Medical Center GreifswaldFerdinand‐Sauerbruch‐Str D‐17475 Greifswald Germany
| | | | - J. Barbara Nebe
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity Medical Center Rostock Schillingallee 69 D‐18057 Rostock Germany
| | - Birgit Finke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology D‐17489 Greifswald Germany
| | - Michael Schlosser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity Medical Center Greifswald Ferdinand‐Sauerbruch‐Str D‐17475 Greifswald Germany
- Department of SurgeryUniversity Medical Center GreifswaldFerdinand‐Sauerbruch‐Str D‐17475 Greifswald Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schlosser M, Hasslacher C, Wolf G. Nephropathie bei Diabetes. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-115959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Schlosser
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Jena
| | | | - G. Wolf
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum Jena
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Houghton JL, Lanning R, Abdel-atti D, Jun T, Kearns CM, Schlosser M, Scholz W, Lewis JS, Maffuid PW. Abstract 5204: Preclinical development of MVT-1075 as radioimmunotherapy for pancreatic cancer and other CA19-9 positive malignancies. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-5204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rationale: The CA19-9 antigen is frequently overexpressed in pancreatic and other GI tumors. MVT-5873 (HuMab-5B1), a fully human monoclonal antibody currently in phase I study, targets the sialyl Lewis A (sLea) epitope on CA19-9, and is a promising platform for development of a targeted radioimmunotherapy (RIT). MVT-5873 was conjugated with the chelator CHX-A″-DTPA and radiolabeled with the beta-emitting isotopes Lutetium -177 (177Lu) or Yttrium-90 (90Y) to form the RIT agents MVT-1075 (177Lu- CHX-A″-DTPA-HuMAb-5B1) and MVT-1916 (90Y- CHX-A″-DTPA-HuMAb-5B1), respectively. The antitumor efficacy of each of the constructs was studied in nude mice bearing BxPC3 human pancreatic tumor xenografts, known to express CA19-9.
Methods: The initial dose-finding studies utilized doses of MVT-1075 of 75-450 μCi and MVT-1916 of 25-250 μCi, administered to groups of mice (n = 8) bearing subcutaneous (subQ) BxPC3 tumors (~ 150 mm3). Further studies focused on MVT-1075 and assessed antitumor effect in an orthotopic xenograft model, the effect of dose fractionation, and biodistribution in nontumor bearing (normal) and BxPC3 tumor-bearing mice.
Results: A single dose of MVT-1075 at 75, 150, 300, or 450 μCi significantly inhibited subQ BxPC3 tumor growth at all dose levels, with sustained suppression with higher doses. MVT-1916 produced similar results. MVT-1075 was selected based on the favorable half-life of 177Lu (6.7 d) and its utility for clinical biodistribution assessments. In an orthotopic BxPC3 tumor model, treatment with a single dose of MVT-1075 at 300 μCi significantly inhibited tumor growth, with Day 20 tumor volume approximately 50% that of the initial starting volume. A third BxPC3 xenograft study evaluated fractionated dosing schedules, (150 μCi x 1, 75 μCi x 2, 50 μCi x3), with both single-dose and fractionated schedules effectively inhibiting subQ BxPC3 tumor growth. Biodistribution studies in normal mice showed an expected gradually decreasing activity in blood, heart, and lungs, with low uptake in normal pancreas. In subQ BxPC3 tumor-bearing mice, tumor uptake was rapid, reaching 69% ID/g by 24 h and 86% ID/g by 120 h. Otherwise, the biodistribution pattern paralleled that of normal mice, with relative %ID/g values within about ± 25% of normal mice across all time points comparing blood, heart, lungs, kidneys, and pancreas, with slightly higher uptake in liver and slightly lower uptake in spleen.
Conclusions: MVT-1075 demonstrates promising antitumor activity in a human pancreatic cancer xenograft model, with efficacy shown in both single dose and fractionated schedules. Biodistribution shows rapid and substantial tumor uptake, with much lower uptake in normal organs. These findings support the phase I clinical trial of MVT-1075 in patients with CA19-9 positive pancreatic cancers planned to begin in early 2017.
Citation Format: Jacob L. Houghton, Ryan Lanning, Dayla Abdel-atti, Toni Jun, Christine M. Kearns, Michael Schlosser, Wolfgang Scholz, Jason S. Lewis, Paul W. Maffuid. Preclinical development of MVT-1075 as radioimmunotherapy for pancreatic cancer and other CA19-9 positive malignancies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5204. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5204
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Lanning
- 2University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO
| | | | - Toni Jun
- 4MabVax Therapeutics Holdings, Inc., San Diego, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schlosser M, Chamberlain R, Dortch M. 7 Strategies for Improving Drug Utilization. Manag Care 2017; 26:27-28. [PMID: 28661839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
When new pharmaceutical products enter the market, the lack of real-world experience with these drugs creates quandaries for payers and providers alike. Often, all there is to go on is the minimum required for FDA approval-non-inferiority to a comparator product in terms of efficacy and safety. Here are a few promising strategies to end this ambiguity.
Collapse
|
17
|
Hoene A, Prinz C, Walschus U, Lucke S, Patrzyk M, Wilhelm L, Neumann HG, Schlosser M. Corrigendum to 'In vivo evaluation of copper release and acute local tissue reactions after implantation of copper-coated titanium implants in rats'. Biomed Mater 2017; 12:029501. [PMID: 28333039 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa68ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In the "Materials and methods" chapter of the article given above, in section 2.1 titled "Implant samples and preparation" on page 2 (top paragraph of the right column), an incorrect value of 1 μg mm-2 for the average Cu load of the surface was inadvertently specified. This was due to an accidental mix-up of electronic data sets from examination of different implant series. The correct value is 0.2 μg mm-2. No other data given in the article are affected. The authors kindly apologize for this mistake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoene
- Department of Surgery,University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald,GERMANY
| | | | - Uwe Walschus
- Research Group of Predictive Diagnostics of the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Pathophysiology,Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitaet Greifswald, Karlsburg,GERMANY
| | - Silke Lucke
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,University Medical Center Greifswald, Karlsburg,GERMANY
| | - Maciej Patrzyk
- Department of Surgery,University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald,GERMANY
| | - Lutz Wilhelm
- Department of Surgery,Hospital Demmin, Demmin,GERMANY
| | | | - Michael Schlosser
- Research Group of Predictive Diagnostics of the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Pathophysiology,Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitaet Greifswald, Greifswalder Str. 11c, D-17495 Karlsburg,GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kugelmass AD, Cohen D, Reynolds M, Brown P, Katz M, Schlosser M, Simon A, Culler S. UNDERSTANDING READMISSIONS IN MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES DURING THE 90-DAY FOLLOW-UP PERIOD FOLLOWING AN AMI ADMISSION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(17)33392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
19
|
Brown PP, Kugelmass A, Cohen D, Reynolds M, Katz M, Schlosser M, Simon A, Culler S. WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF COMPLICATIONS DURING THE INDEX HOSPITALIZATION ON RESOURCE UTILIZATION DURING THE 90-DAY FOLLOW-UP PERIOD ASSOCIATED WITH CABG SURGERY AMONG MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES? J Am Coll Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(17)33502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
20
|
Schlosser M, Lee F. Evaluating Quality of "Medical Tourism" For Heart Surgery: Measures That Matter. Manag Care 2017; 26:38-39. [PMID: 28271992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There are some success stories. Lowe's pioneering flat-rate deal with the Cleveland Clinic for heart surgery has shown both cost savings and quality improvement. Other large employers, notably Walmart and PepsiCo, have followed suit, signing contracts with self-described, single-hospital "centers of excellence" for a handful of elective procedures.
Collapse
|
21
|
Friedrich D, Schlosser M, Weihrich R, Pfitzner A. Polymorphism of CsGaS2– structural characterization of a new two-dimensional polymorph and study of the phase-transition kinetics. Inorg Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qi00462h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anionic layers in CsGaS2undergo a transition to infinite strands at high temperature and transfer back under pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - M. Schlosser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - R. Weihrich
- Institut für Materials Resource Management
- Universität Augsburg
- 86135 Augsburg
- Germany
| | - A. Pfitzner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Regensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Little KM, Taylor JS, Schlosser M. Reducing unwarranted variation in care to improve health outcomes. Healthc Financ Manage 2016; 70:88-84. [PMID: 29897221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
|
23
|
Schlosser M. Getting Medical Directors Out of the C-Suite and Closer to Points of Care. Manag Care 2016; 25:31. [PMID: 28121611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Physicians, more than anyone else, can influence peers when it comes to talking about evidence-based care, even when it runs counter to customary, but costly, practice patterns. The timing couldn't be better to put physicians in this leadership role because of the growing use of value-based payment models.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ong V, Hough G, Schlosser M, Bartizal K, Balkovec JM, James KD, Krishnan BR. Preclinical Evaluation of the Stability, Safety, and Efficacy of CD101, a Novel Echinocandin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:6872-6879. [PMID: 27620474 PMCID: PMC5075098 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00701-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections pose a significant public health burden with high morbidity and mortality. CD101 is a novel echinocandin under development for the treatment and prevention of systemic Candida infections. Preclinical studies were conducted to evaluate the metabolic stability, plasma protein binding, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and efficacy of CD101 at various dose levels. CD101 was stable to biotransformation in rat, monkey, and human liver microsomes and rat, monkey, dog, and human hepatocytes. In vitro studies suggest minimal interaction with recombinant cytochrome P450 enzymes (50% inhibitory concentrations [IC50s] of >10 μM). Similar to anidulafungin, CD101 bound avidly (>98%) to human, mouse, rat, and primate plasma proteins. In a 2-week repeat-dose comparison study, CD101 was well tolerated in rats (no effects on body weight, hematology, coagulation, or urinalysis). In contrast, administration of anidulafungin (at comparable exposure levels) resulted in reduced body weight, decreases in red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, platelet, and reticulocyte counts, increases in neutrophil and eosinophil counts, polychromasia, and decreased activated partial thromboplastin time. Elevated plasma transaminases, total bilirubin, cholesterol, and globulin, dark and enlarged spleens, and single-cell hepatocyte necrosis were also observed for anidulafungin but not CD101. Hepatotoxicity may be due to the inherent chemical lability of anidulafungin generating potentially reactive intermediates. A glutathione trapping experiment confirmed the formation of a reactive species from anidulafungin, whereas CD101 did not exhibit instability or reactive intermediates. CD101 showed antifungal activity against Candida and Aspergillus infections in neutropenic mice. These preclinical studies demonstrated that CD101 is chemically and metabolically stable, well tolerated with no hepatotoxicity, and efficacious as an antifungal agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Voon Ong
- Cidara Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Grayson Hough
- Cidara Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Ken Bartizal
- Cidara Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
CHANDRAKESAN PARTHASARATHY, Weygant N, Qu D, Berry W, May R, Ali N, Sureban S, Bannerman-Menson E, Schlosser M, Houchen C. Abstract 2493: Knocking down the expression of DCLK1 reduces mammary tumor formation, tumor cell self-renewal and metastasis: DCLK1 a novel therapeutic target in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and is comprised of a rare population of cells that display stem cell-like properties with high metastatic potential and relative resistance to conventional therapies. Doublecortin-like Kinase 1 (DCLK1) has recently been identified as a tumor stem cell marker in the intestine and pancreas and is overexpressed in many cancers including breast cancer. In this study, we targeted DCLK1 as a novel therapeutic strategy in breast cancer cells to reduce cancer cell self-renewal, tumorigenesis and metastasis.
Methods: Anti-DCLK1-siRNA was transfected into breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 [luminal] and MDAMB231 [basal-triple negative breast cancer cell line]). For analysis of circulating tumor cells, MDAMB231/MCF7 cells were stably transfected with RFP (red fluorescence protein). Tumor cell colony formation, mammosphere formation (self-renewal), cell migration and invasion were assessed to evaluate the effect of DCLK1 knockdown and or DCLK1 overexpression on breast cancer cells self-renewal and metastatic potential. Xenograft model was used to identify the role of DCLK1 on breast cancer cell growth and circulating tumor cells in vivo. The data were generated utilizing experimental protocols for clonogenic culture, circulating tumor cells, immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR and Western blotting.
Results: Expression of DCLK1 was ∼36% higher in human breast cancer tissues than in normal breast tissue. Silencing DCLK1 via RNA interference decreased the colony formation (∼70%), and self-renewal ability (∼85%), of the breast cancer cell lines in vitro. In vitro migration and invasion assays demonstrated that knocking down DCLK1 led to less (40-80%) breast cancer cells migration and invasion. Furthermore, expression of EMT associated factors (Slug, Snail, Twist, Zeb-1, Zeb-2 and Vimentin) and pluripotency factors (c-Myc, Sox2, Nanog and Oct-4) were markedly reduced between 30 and 50%, after silencing DCLK1. Inhibition of DCLK1 in xenograft tumors resulted in reduced tumor growth (∼81%) and CTCs (∼95%) in vivo. However, overexpression of DCLK1 in the non-metastatic MCF7 breast cancer cell line increased its in vitro migration and invasion potency and pluripotency along with in vivo tumor formation and progression.
Conclusions: DCLK1 expression is associated with breast cancer cell self-renewal, metastasis and tumorigenesis. Targeting DCLK1 reduced breast cancer cell self-renewal, CTCs, metastasis and tumor growth. DCLK1 inhibition may represent a novel targeted therapeutic approach to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with breast cancer.
Citation Format: PARTHASARATHY CHANDRAKESAN, Nathaniel Weygant, Dongfeng Qu, William Berry, Randal May, Naushad Ali, Sripathi Sureban, Eddie Bannerman-Menson, Michael Schlosser, Courtney Houchen. Knocking down the expression of DCLK1 reduces mammary tumor formation, tumor cell self-renewal and metastasis: DCLK1 a novel therapeutic target in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2493.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dongfeng Qu
- 1UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - William Berry
- 1UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Randal May
- 1UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Naushad Ali
- 1UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Sripathi Sureban
- 1UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER, Oklahoma City, OK
| | | | | | - Courtney Houchen
- 1UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER, Oklahoma City, OK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Qu D, Weygant N, May R, Berry W, Tomasek J, Chandrakesan P, Schlosser M, Houchen C. Abstract 1731: Overexpression of DCLK1 in pancreatic cancer activates KRAS/PI3K/MTOR pathway signaling and supports tumorigenesis, invasiveness, and stemness. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the worst prognosis of any major malignancy with less than a 6% 5-year survival rate. Oncogenic KRAS mutation plays a key role in PDAC tumorigenesis with nearly 95% of PDAC harboring mutationally activated KRAS. Cells with cancer stem cell-like (CSC) properties have been identified in PDAC. These cells are often resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and as such may explain why current treatments do not cure PDAC or prevent recurrences. It is suggested that “driver” mutations in these stem-like cells may be the root cause of PDAC. Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), is overexpressed and marks a population of tumor-initiating cells in PDAC. It regulates key oncogenes, pluripotency factors, angiogenic factors, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) related transcription factors. In this study we evaluated the role of DCLK1 in KRAS-mediated signaling in PDAC. Human pancreatic cancer cells (AsPC-1 and MiaPaCa-2) were infected with Lentivirus containing human DCLK1 cDNA sequence to overexpress DCLK1 or red fluorescent protein (RFP) cDNA sequence as control. The expressing levels of DCLK1, active KRAS, and proteins in KRAS/PI3K/mTOR pathway were analyzed by western blotting. The proliferative and invasive potential of these cells were compared using a MTT assay for proliferation, wound healing assay for migration, soft agar assay for clonogenicity, and Matrigel coated transwell assay for invasion. Gemcitabine, Rapamycin, and PI3K inhibitors were used for evaluation. Analysis of human PDAC was performed using the TCGA PAAD dataset. Here we report that DCLK1 protein levels were increased more than 20 fold in AsPC-DCLK1 and MP2-DCLK1 cells resulting in activation of KRAS which was reversible by DCLK1-inhibitor XMD8-92. Compared to RFP control cells, AsPC-DCLK1 and MP2-DCLK1 cells exhibited a more than 20% increase in proliferation, approximately 30% increase in colony formation, 20% increase in migration, and a 2-fold increase (p < 0.05) in invasion. Evidence from TCGA PAAD demonstrated that pancreatic tumors expressing high levels of DCLK1 had activated PI3K/AKT/MTOR-pathway signaling suggesting greater KRAS activity. These data taken together suggest that DCLK1 promotes KRAS-driven PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in PDAC leading to increased migratory, invasive, anti-apoptotic effects, stem-like and tumorigenic properties.
Citation Format: Dongfeng Qu, Nathaniel Weygant, Randal May, William Berry, James Tomasek, Parthasarathy Chandrakesan, Michael Schlosser, Courtney Houchen. Overexpression of DCLK1 in pancreatic cancer activates KRAS/PI3K/MTOR pathway signaling and supports tumorigenesis, invasiveness, and stemness. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1731.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Qu
- 1University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | | | - Randal May
- 1University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - William Berry
- 1University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - James Tomasek
- 1University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | | | | | - Courtney Houchen
- 1University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Stifter K, Schuster C, Schlosser M, Boehm BO, Schirmbeck R. Exploring the induction of preproinsulin-specific Foxp3(+) CD4(+) Treg cells that inhibit CD8(+) T cell-mediated autoimmune diabetes by DNA vaccination. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29419. [PMID: 27406624 PMCID: PMC4942695 DOI: 10.1038/srep29419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccination is a promising strategy to induce effector T cells but also regulatory Foxp3+ CD25+ CD4+ Treg cells and inhibit autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes. Little is known about the antigen requirements that facilitate priming of Treg cells but not autoreactive effector CD8+ T cells. We have shown that the injection of preproinsulin (ppins)-expressing pCI/ppins vector into PD-1- or PD-L1-deficient mice induced Kb/A12-21-monospecific CD8+ T cells and autoimmune diabetes. A pCI/ppinsΔA12-21 vector (lacking the critical Kb/A12-21 epitope) did not induce autoimmune diabetes but elicited a systemic Foxp3+ CD25+ Treg cell immunity that suppressed diabetes induction by a subsequent injection of the diabetogenic pCI/ppins. TGF-β expression was significantly enhanced in the Foxp3+ CD25+ Treg cell population of vaccinated/ppins-primed mice. Ablation of Treg cells in vaccinated/ppins-primed mice by anti-CD25 antibody treatment abolished the protective effect of the vaccine and enabled diabetes induction by pCI/ppins. Adoptive transfer of Treg cells from vaccinated/ppins-primed mice into PD-L1−/− hosts efficiently suppressed diabetes induction by pCI/ppins. We narrowed down the Treg-stimulating domain to a 15-residue ppins76–90 peptide. Vaccine-induced Treg cells thus play a crucial role in the control of de novo primed autoreactive effector CD8+ T cells in this diabetes model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Stifter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Schuster
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Schlosser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Group of Predictive Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Greifswald, Karlsburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Otto Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 636921, Singapore, Singapore.,Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Reinhold Schirmbeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kokai-Kun JF, Bristol JA, Setser J, Schlosser M. Nonclinical Safety Assessment of SYN-004: An Oral β-lactamase for the Protection of the Gut Microbiome From Disruption by Biliary-Excreted, Intravenously Administered Antibiotics. Int J Toxicol 2015; 35:309-16. [PMID: 26700136 DOI: 10.1177/1091581815623236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
SYN-004 is a first in class, recombinant β-lactamase that degrades β-lactam antibiotics and has been formulated to be administered orally to patients receiving intravenous β-lactam antibiotics including cephalosporins. SYN-004 is intended to degrade unmetabolized antibiotics excreted into the intestines and thus has the potential to protect the gut microbiome from disruption by these antibiotics. Protection of the gut microbiome is expected to protect against opportunistic enteric infections such as Clostridium difficile infection as well as antibiotic-associated diarrhea. In order to demonstrate that oral SYN-004 is safe for human clinical trials, 2 Good Laboratory Practice-compliant toxicity studies were conducted in Beagle dogs. In both studies, SYN-004 was administered orally 3 times per day up to the maximum tolerated dose of the formulation. In the first study, doses of SYN-004 administered over 28 days were safe and well tolerated in dogs with the no-observed-adverse-effect level at the high dose of 57 mg/kg/day. Systemic absorption of SYN-004 was minimal and sporadic and showed no accumulation during the study. In the second study, doses up to 57 mg/kg/day were administered to dogs in combination with an intravenous dose of ceftriaxone (300 mg/kg) given once per day for 14 days. Coadministration of oral SYN-004 with intravenous ceftriaxone was safe and well tolerated, with SYN-004 having no noticeable effect on the plasma pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone. These preclinical studies demonstrate that SYN-004 is well tolerated and, when coadministered with ceftriaxone, does not interfere with its systemic pharmacokinetics. These data supported advancing SYN-004 into human clinical trials.
Collapse
|
29
|
Williams AJK, Lampasona V, Schlosser M, Mueller PW, Pittman DL, Winter WE, Akolkar B, Wyatt R, Brigatti C, Krause S, Achenbach P. Detection of Antibodies Directed to the N-Terminal Region of GAD Is Dependent on Assay Format and Contributes to Differences in the Specificity of GAD Autoantibody Assays for Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2015; 64:3239-46. [PMID: 25972570 PMCID: PMC4542444 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
GAD autoantibodies (GADAs) are sensitive markers of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. They form the basis of robust prediction models and are widely used for the recruitment of subjects at high risk of type 1 diabetes to prevention trials. However, GADAs are also found in many individuals at low risk of diabetes progression. To identify the sources of diabetes-irrelevant GADA reactivity, we analyzed data from the 2009 and 2010 Diabetes Autoantibody Standardization Program GADA workshop and found that binding of healthy control sera varied according to assay type. The characterization of control sera found positive by radiobinding assay (RBA), but negative by ELISA, showed that many of these sera reacted to epitopes in the N-terminal region of the molecule. This finding prompted development of an N-terminally truncated GAD65 radiolabel, (35)S-GAD65(96-585), which improved the performance of most GADA RBAs participating in an Islet Autoantibody Standardization Program GADA substudy. These detailed workshop comparisons have identified a source of disease-irrelevant signals in GADA RBAs and suggest that N-terminally truncated GAD labels will enable more specific measurement of GADAs in type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vito Lampasona
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Schlosser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center of Greifswald, Karlsburg, Germany
| | - Patricia W Mueller
- Molecular Risk Assessment Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - David L Pittman
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Beena Akolkar
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rebecca Wyatt
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Cristina Brigatti
- Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephanie Krause
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Achenbach
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Till AM, Kenk H, Rjasanowski I, Wassmuth R, Walschus U, Kerner W, Schlosser M. Autoantibody-defined risk for Type 1 diabetes mellitus in a general population of schoolchildren: results of the Karlsburg Type 1 Diabetes Risk Study after 18 years. Diabet Med 2015; 32:1008-16. [PMID: 25523979 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the occurrence of diabetes-associated autoantibodies and cumulative Type 1 diabetes risk over 18 years in a general population of schoolchildren. METHODS In the Karlsburg Type 1 Diabetes Risk Study, 11 986 schoolchildren from north-eastern Germany without a family history of diabetes were screened for glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, insulinoma-associated antigen-2 antibodies and insulin autoantibodies by radioligand binding assay. Those children found to be autoantibody-positive were invited to follow-up examinations and HLA-DQB1 genotyping, and were followed for progression to Type 1 diabetes. RESULTS At first follow-up, 119 children had single and 36 children had multiple autoantibodies. Of the multiple autoantibody-positive children, 33 had at least one diabetes-associated HLA-DQB1 allele (*02 and/or *0302). A total of 26 children progressed to Type 1 diabetes, of whom 22 had multiple autoantibodies. The male-to-female ratio of those who progressed to Type 1 diabetes was 1.6. The positive predictive value of multiple autoantibodies was 61.1% compared with only 23.7% for diabetes-associated HLA-DQB1 genotypes among all those who were autoantibody-positive. The cumulative risk was 59.7% after 10 years and 75.1% after 18 years for children with multiple autoantibodies compared with 1.2 and 22.6%, respectively, for children with single autoantibodies (P<0.001). Among the three examined autoantibodies, insulinoma-associated antigen-2 antibodies conferred the highest risk. CONCLUSIONS The diabetes risk in schoolchildren with multiple autoantibodies was similar to the risk reported in other studies for genetically preselected probands; thus, a combined autoantibody-based screening could effectively identify at-risk individuals from the general population for future intervention trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A-M Till
- Department of Pediatrics, Greifswald University Medical Centre, Greifswald, Germany
| | - H Kenk
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Research Group of Predictive Diagnostics, Greifswald University Medical Centre, Karlsburg, Germany
| | - I Rjasanowski
- Centre of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Karlsburg, Germany
| | - R Wassmuth
- Department of Quality Management, University Medical Centre, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - U Walschus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Group of Predictive Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Greifswald, Karlsburg, Germany
| | - W Kerner
- Centre of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Karlsburg, Germany
| | - M Schlosser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Group of Predictive Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Greifswald, Karlsburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hoene A, Patrzyk M, Walschus U, Finke B, Lucke S, Nebe B, Schröder K, Schlosser M. Systemic IFNγ predicts local implant macrophage response. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2015; 26:131. [PMID: 25698342 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Implantation of biomaterials can cause complications often associated with inflammatory reactions. However, repeated evaluation of the implant site would be burdening for patients. Alternatively, blood examinations with analysis of inflammatory serum markers could potentially be useful to reflect the local cellular response for detection and/or prediction of inflammation-related complications. Therefore, following intramuscular implantation of surface-modified Ti implants in rats, this study aimed at examining possible associations between the post-implantation time course of pro-inflammatory (INFγ, IL-2) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10) cytokine serum concentrations and the local peri-implant tissue response after 56 days (pro-inflammatory CD68-positive monocytes/macrophages, anti-inflammatory CD163-positive macrophages, MHC class II-positive cells, activated natural killer cells and mast cells). Multivariate correlation analysis revealed a significant interaction between serum IFNγ and peri-implant tissue CD68-positive monocytes/macrophages (p = 0.001) while no interactions were found for other cytokines and cell types. Additional Pearson correlation analysis of IFNγ serum concentrations on each experimental day vs. the CD68-positive monocytes/macrophages response on day 56 demonstrated a consistently positive correlation that was strongest during the first three weeks. Thus, high early pro-inflammatory IFNγ serum concentration was associated with high late number of pro-inflammatory CD68-positive monocyte/macrophages and low early serum IFNγ with low late CD68-positive monocyte/macrophage numbers. Further studies aimed at examination of patient samples could establish the relevance of this association to predict clinical complications. After implantation of titanium samples, high early IFNγ serum concentrations were associated with a pronounced late pro-inflammatory CD68-positive monocyte/ macrophage (red circle) response, while no correlation was found for other investigated cytokines and inflammatory cells (green circle). In contrast, low early IFNγ serum concentrations were correlated with low late monocyte/ macrophage numbers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoene
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bender C, Schlosser M, Christen U, Ziegler AG, Achenbach P. GAD autoantibody affinity in schoolchildren from the general population. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1911-8. [PMID: 24939430 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Subtyping GAD autoantibody (GADA) responses using affinity measurement allows the identification of GADA-positive children with a family history of type 1 diabetes who are at risk of developing diabetes. Here, we asked whether GADA affinity is a useful marker to stratify the risk of type 1 diabetes in GADA-positive schoolchildren from the general population. METHODS GADA affinity was measured by competitive binding experiments with [(125)I]-labelled and unlabelled human 65 kDa isoform of GAD (GAD65) in sera from 97 GADA-positive children identified in the Karlsburg Type 1 Diabetes Risk Study of a general schoolchild population in north-eastern Germany. GADA epitope specificity was determined using radiobinding assays with [(35)S]-labelled GAD65/67 kDa isoform of GAD (GAD67) chimeric proteins. RESULTS GADA affinity was high, ≥ 10(10) l/mol, in 33 of 35 multiple islet autoantibody-positive children. In contrast, the affinity ranged widely among 62 single GADA-positive children (median 3.1 × 10(9) l/mol; range 5.6 × 10(6) to >4.0 × 10(11) l/mol; p < 0.0001). High-affinity GADA were associated with HLA-DRB1*03 (p = 0.02) and predominantly directed against the C-terminal and/or middle part of the GAD65 protein. At follow-up, the affinity remained relatively constant. Five of the single GADA-positive children developed additional islet autoantibodies and had high-affinity GADA. Twenty-six children progressed to type 1 diabetes; among them, 23 had GADA affinities of ≥ 10(10) l/mol before disease onset. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Schoolchildren from the general population may develop heterogeneous GADA responses, and a high affinity can identify those GADA-positive children who are more likely to progress to type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bender
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hoene A, Prinz C, Walschus U, Lucke S, Patrzyk M, Wilhelm L, Neumann HG, Schlosser M. In vivo evaluation of copper release and acute local tissue reactions after implantation of copper-coated titanium implants in rats. Biomed Mater 2013; 8:035009. [PMID: 23598370 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/8/3/035009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) based coatings can reduce infections for titanium (Ti) implants. However, Cu is also cytotoxic. To examine the balance of antibacterial versus adverse tissue effects, this study aimed at evaluating a Cu coating regarding in vivo Cu release and local inflammatory reactions for 72 h. TiAl6V4 plates received either plasma electrolytic oxidation only (Ti), or an additional galvanic Cu deposition (Ti-Cu). No Staphylococcus aureus were found in vitro on Ti-Cu after 24 h. Following simultaneous intramuscular implantation of two Ti and two Ti-Cu plates into nine rats, serum Cu was elevated until 48 h and residual Cu on explanted samples reduced accordingly after 48 h. Total and tissue macrophages around implants increased until 72 h for both series, and were increased for Ti-Cu. As numbers of total and tissue macrophages were comparable, macrophages were probably tissue-derived. MHC-class-II-positive cells increased for Ti-Cu only. T-lymphocytes had considerably lower numbers than macrophages, did not increase or differ between both series, and thus had minor importance. Tissue reactions increased beyond Cu release, indicating effects of either surface-bound Cu or more likely the implants themselves. Altogether, Ti-Cu samples possessed antibacterial effectiveness in vitro, released measurable Cu amounts in vivo and caused a moderately increased local inflammatory response, demonstrating anti-infective potential of Cu coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoene
- Department of Surgery, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hoene A, Patrzyk M, Walschus U, Straňák V, Hippler R, Testrich H, Meichsner J, Finke B, Rebl H, Nebe B, Zietz C, Bader R, Podbielski A, Schlosser M. In vivo examination of the local inflammatory response after implantation of Ti6Al4V samples with a combined low-temperature plasma treatment using pulsed magnetron sputtering of copper and plasma-polymerized ethylenediamine. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2013; 24:761-771. [PMID: 23314622 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) could serve as antibacterial coating for Ti6Al4V implants. An additional cell-adhesive layer might compensate Cu cytotoxicity. This study aimed at in vitro and in vivo evaluation of low-temperature plasma treatment of Ti6Al4V plates with Ti/Cu magnetron sputtering (Ti6Al4V-Ti/Cu), plasma-polymerized ethylenediamine (Ti6Al4V-PPEDA), or both (Ti6Al4V-Ti/Cu-PPEDA). Ti6Al4V-Ti/Cu and Ti6Al4V-Ti/Cu-PPEDA had comparable in vitro Cu release and antibacterial effectiveness. Following intramuscular implantation of Ti6Al4V-Ti/Cu, Ti6Al4V-PPEDA, Ti6Al4V-Ti/Cu-PPEDA and Ti6Al4V controls for 7, 14 and 56 days with 8 rats/day, peri-implant tissue was immunohistochemically examined for different inflammatory cells. Ti6Al4V-PPEDA had more mast cells and NK cells than Ti6Al4V, and more tissue macrophages, T lymphocytes, mast cells and NK cells than Ti6Al4V-Ti/Cu-PPEDA. Ti6Al4V-Ti/Cu had more mast cells than Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al4V-Ti/Cu-PPEDA. Results indicate that PPEDA-mediated cell adhesion counteracted Cu cytotoxicity. Ti6Al4V-Ti/Cu-PPEDA differed from Ti6Al4V only for mast cells on day 56. Altogether, implants with both plasma treatments had antibacterial properties and did not increase inflammatory reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hoene
- Department of Surgery, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Beyan H, Riese H, Hawa MI, Beretta G, Davidson HW, Hutton JC, Burger H, Schlosser M, Snieder H, Boehm BO, Leslie RD. Glycotoxin and autoantibodies are additive environmentally determined predictors of type 1 diabetes: a twin and population study. Diabetes 2012; 61:1192-8. [PMID: 22396204 PMCID: PMC3331747 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In type 1 diabetes, diabetes-associated autoantibodies, including islet cell antibodies (ICAs), reflect adaptive immunity, while increased serum N(ε)-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), an advanced glycation end product, is associated with proinflammation. We assessed whether serum CML and autoantibodies predicted type 1 diabetes and to what extent they were determined by genetic or environmental factors. Of 7,287 unselected schoolchildren screened, 115 were ICA(+) and were tested for baseline CML and diabetes autoantibodies and followed (for median 7 years), whereas a random selection (n = 2,102) had CML tested. CML and diabetes autoantibodies were determined in a classic twin study of twin pairs discordant for type 1 diabetes (32 monozygotic, 32 dizygotic pairs). CML was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, autoantibodies were determined by radioimmunoprecipitation, ICA was determined by indirect immunofluorescence, and HLA class II genotyping was determined by sequence-specific oligonucleotides. CML was increased in ICA(+) and prediabetic schoolchildren and in diabetic and nondiabetic twins (all P < 0.001). Elevated levels of CML in ICA(+) children were a persistent, independent predictor of diabetes progression, in addition to autoantibodies and HLA risk. In twins model fitting, familial environment explained 75% of CML variance, and nonshared environment explained all autoantibody variance. Serum CML, a glycotoxin, emerged as an environmentally determined diabetes risk factor, in addition to autoimmunity and HLA genetic risk, and a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huriya Beyan
- Centre for Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, U.K
| | - Harriette Riese
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology & Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Interdisciplinary Center for Psychiatric Epidemiology, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mohammed I. Hawa
- Centre for Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, U.K
| | - Guisi Beretta
- Centre for Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, U.K
| | | | - John C. Hutton
- Barbara Davis Center, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Huibert Burger
- Interdisciplinary Center for Psychiatric Epidemiology, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Schlosser
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Harold Snieder
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology & Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bernhard O. Boehm
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - R. David Leslie
- Centre for Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, U.K
- Corresponding author: R. David Leslie,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Walschus U, Hoene A, Patrzyk M, Finke B, Polak M, Lucke S, Nebe B, Schroeder K, Podbielski A, Wilhelm L, Schlosser M. Serum profile of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in rats following implantation of low-temperature plasma-modified titanium plates. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2012; 23:1299-1307. [PMID: 22402792 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of Titanium (Ti) by low-temperature plasma influences cell-material interactions. Therefore, this study aimed at examining serum cytokine levels and associations after intramuscular implantation (n = 8 rats/group) of Ti-plates with Plasma Polymerized Allyl Amine (Ti-PPAAm), Plasma Polymerized Acrylic Acid (Ti-PPAAc), and without such layers (Ti-Controls). Pro-inflammatory (IL-2, IFNγ, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) cytokines were measured weekly for 56 days. Ti-PPAAm caused increased IL-2 (d7-14, d35), increased IFNγ (d35) and decreased IL-10 (d35, d49-56). Ti-PPAAc induced divergent anti-inflammatory cytokine changes with increased IL-4 (d28-56) and decreased IL-10 (d42-56). Ti-Controls elicited increased IL-2 (d42) and IFNγ (d35-42, d56). IL-6 was not detected and IL-13 only in three samples, thus they do not influence the response against these Ti implants. Correlation analysis revealed surface-dependent associations between cytokines indicating the involvement of different inflammatory cell populations. Concluding, different plasma modifications induce specific serum cytokine profiles and associations indicating distinct inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Walschus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Group of Predictive Diagnostics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswalder Str. 11c, 17495 Karlsburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
von Brandenstein M, Schlosser M, Richter C, Depping R, Fries JWU. ETS-dependent p16INK4a and p21waf1/cip1 gene expression upon endothelin-1 stimulation in malignant versus and non-malignant proximal tubule cells. Life Sci 2012; 91:562-71. [PMID: 22521293 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Cellular senescence, leading to cell death through prevention of regular cell renewal, is associated with the upregulation of the tumor suppressor gene p16(INK4a). While this mechanism has been described as leading to progressive nephron loss, p16(INK4a) upregulation in renal cell carcinoma has been linked to a disease-specific improved patient survival rate. While in both conditions endothelin-1 is also upregulated, the signaling pathway connecting ET-1 to p16(INK4a) has not been characterized until this study. MAIN METHODS Cell culture, qRT-PCR, Western Blot, immunoprecipitation (IP), proximity ligation assay (PLA), and non-radioactive electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). KEY FINDINGS In malignant renal proximal tumor cells (Caki-1), an activation of p16(INK4a) and p21(waf1/cip1) was observed. An increased expression of E-26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factors was detectable. Using specific antibodies, a complex formation between ETS1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 (ERK2) was shown. A further complex partner was Mxi2. EMSA with supershift analysis for ETS1 and Mxi2 indicated the involvement of both factors in the protein-DNA interaction. After specifically blocking the endothelin receptors, ETS1 expression was significantly downregulated. However, the endothelin B receptor dependent downregulation was stronger than that of the A receptor. In contrast, primary proximal tubule cells showed a nuclear decrease after ET-1 stimulation. This indicates that other ETS members may be involved in the observed p16(INK4a) upregulation (as described in the literature). SIGNIFICANCE ETS1, ERK2 and Mxi2 are important complex partners initiating increased p16(INK4a) and p21w(af1/cip1) activation in renal tumor cells.
Collapse
|
38
|
Schlosser M, Mueller PW, Achenbach P, Lampasona V, Bingley PJ. Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program: First evaluation of assays for autoantibodies to IA-2β. Diabetes Care 2011; 34:2410-2. [PMID: 21926293 PMCID: PMC3198291 DOI: 10.2337/dc11-1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autoantibodies to IA-2β (IA-2βA) are important risk markers of type 1 diabetes. We report the first Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program (DASP) evaluation of IA-2βA assays. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirteen laboratories from nine countries received coded sera from 50 patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and 100 healthy blood donors. IA-2βA results were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Concordance of antibody levels was compared using counts per minute (cpm), local and standard curve-derived common units. RESULTS Median laboratory-assigned sensitivity was 47% (interquartile range [IQR] 45-51), specificity 98% (IQR 95-99), adjusted sensitivity at 95% specificity 50% (IQR 49-53), and area under the ROC curve 0.70 (IQR 0.69-0.73). Use of common IA-2βA units improved concordance between assays compared with local units and cpm (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS IA-2βA assays in multiple laboratories worldwide achieved good concordance and high specificity for type 1 diabetes. IA-2βA are suitable for inclusion in autoantibody testing for risk assessment in prediabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schlosser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Group of Predictive Diagnostics,University ofGreifswald, Karlsburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lampasona V, Schlosser M, Mueller PW, Williams AJK, Wenzlau JM, Hutton JC, Achenbach P. Diabetes antibody standardization program: first proficiency evaluation of assays for autoantibodies to zinc transporter 8. Clin Chem 2011; 57:1693-702. [PMID: 21980171 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2011.170662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) is a recently identified major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes, and autoantibodies to ZnT8 (ZnT8A) are new markers for disease prediction and diagnosis. Here we report the results of the first international proficiency evaluation of ZnT8A assays by the Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program (DASP). METHODS After a pilot workshop in 2007, an expanded ZnT8A workshop was held in 2009, with 26 participating laboratories from 13 countries submitting results of 63 different assays. ZnT8A levels were measured in coded sera from 50 patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and 100 blood donor controls. Results were analyzed comparing area under the ROC curve (ROC-AUC), sensitivity adjusted to 95% specificity (AS95), concordance of sample ZnT8A positive or negative designation, and autoantibody levels. RESULTS ZnT8A radio binding assays (RBAs) based on combined immunoprecipitation of the 2 most frequent ZnT8 COOH-terminal domain polymorphic variants showed a median ROC-AUC of 0.848 [interquartile range (IQR) 0.796-0.878] and a median AS95 of 70% (IQR 60%-72%). These RBAs were more sensitive than assays using as antigen either 1 ZnT8 variant only or chimeric constructs joining NH(2)- and COOH-terminal domains, assays based on immunoprecipitation and bioluminescent detection, or assays based on immunofluorescent staining of cells transfected with full-length antigen. CONCLUSIONS The DASP workshop identified immunoprecipitation-based ZnT8A assays and antigen constructs that achieved both a high degree of sensitivity and specificity and were suitable for more widespread clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vito Lampasona
- Genomic Unit for the Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Seifert K, Tornow K, Walschus U, Schlosser M. Nachweis von GAD65 im Serum als potentieller Marker der Betazellzerstörung beim autoimmun-vermittelten Diabetes. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1277516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
41
|
Kochanowski A, Hoene A, Patrzyk M, Walschus U, Finke B, Luthringer B, Feyerabend F, Willumeit R, Lucke S, Schlosser M. Examination of the inflammatory response following implantation of titanium plates coated with phospholipids in rats. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2011; 22:1015-1026. [PMID: 21455678 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-011-4287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Implantation of biomaterials like titanium (Ti) causes inflammatory reactions possibly affecting implant functionality. Surface modifications could improve biocompatibility and functionality of implants. Biomembrane-derived phospholipids might be useful as implant coating due to their biomimetic properties. In vitro studies demonstrated beneficial effects for 2-oleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamin (POPE) as coating regarding interactions with cells and bacteria. Therefore, this in vivo study aimed at examining local inflammatory reactions after implantation of POPE-coated Ti plates. Ti implants with POPE attached non-covalently or covalent via octadecylphosphonic acid (OPA), with OPA alone and uncoated controls were simultaneously implanted intramuscularly in rats for 7, 14 and 56 days. The peri-implant tissue was quantitatively analyzed by immunohistochemistry for total macrophages, tissue macrophages, T cells, antigen-presenting cells and proliferating cells. Overall, both POPE-coated series were comparable to the controls. Furthermore, no differences were found between POPE coating on a covalently linked OPA monolayer and POPE coating dried from solution. Together with earlier in vitro results, this demonstrates the potential of phospholipids for implant surface modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kochanowski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Group of Predictive Diagnostics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswalder Str 11c, 17495 Karlsburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Schlosser M, Mueller PW, Törn C, Bonifacio E, Bingley PJ. Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program: evaluation of assays for insulin autoantibodies. Diabetologia 2010; 53:2611-20. [PMID: 20871974 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1915-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Insulin autoantibodies (IAA) are important in type 1 diabetes risk assessment. However, their determination varies more between laboratories than other diabetes autoantibodies. The Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program (DASP) aims to improve and standardise measurement of autoantibodies associated with type 1 diabetes. We report the results of measurement of IAA from DASP workshops in 2002, 2003 and 2005. METHODS Up to 32 laboratories in 14 countries participated in each workshop. Aliquots of coded sera from 50 patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and 100 blood donor controls were circulated to participating laboratories. Reported results were analysed using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. We compared concordance of antibody levels by ranking, IAA and insulin antibody (IA) indices and units derived from an IA standard curve. RESULTS In all three workshops IAA assay performance had improved compared with DASP 2000. The median area under the ROC curve was 0.73 in DASP 2002, 0.78 in 2003 and 0.80 in 2005 (p = 0.0012), and median laboratory-assigned sensitivity was 26% in 2002, 36% in 2003 and 45% in 2005 (p < 0.0001). There was, however, marked variation between assays. The range of AUC was 0.36-0.91 and that of laboratory-assigned sensitivity was 22-57%. Concordance of ranking of patient serum samples was related to AUC (p < 0.001). Using an index related to common IAA and IA-positive or -negative control sera improved the concordance between assays (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The overall performance of IAA assays has improved but there is still wide variation between laboratories. Concordance between assays would be improved by the use of a common reference reagent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Schlosser
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Group of Predictive Diagnostics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lengwenus A, Kruse J, Schlosser M, Tichelmann S, Birkl G. Coherent transport of atomic quantum states in a scalable shift register. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:170502. [PMID: 21231030 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.170502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the coherent transport of 2D arrays of small ensembles of neutral atoms in a shift register architecture based on 2D arrays of microlenses. We show the scalability of the transport process by presenting the repeated hand over of atoms from site to site. We prove the conservation of coherence during transport, reloading, and a full shift register cycle. This shows that the fundamental shift sequence can be cascaded and thus scaled to complex and versatile 2D architectures for atom-based quantum information processing, quantum simulation, and the investigation of quantum degenerate gases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lengwenus
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Patrzyk M, Hoene A, Jarchow R, Wilhelm L, Walschus U, Zippel R, Schlosser M. Time course of fibronectin in the peri-implant tissue and neointima formation after functional implantation of polyester-based vascular prostheses with different porosity in pigs. Biomed Mater 2010; 5:055003. [PMID: 20826907 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/5/5/055003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Intima hyperplasia, resulting from extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion, can lead to vascular prosthesis occlusion and is a major problem in vascular surgery. Fibronectin might contribute to ongoing ECM secretion. However, the exact role of fibronectin and its influence on neointima formation remains unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the time course of the fibronectin area fraction and neointima formation following the functional implantation of three different polyester vascular prostheses into pigs. The infrarenal aorta from 15 animals (n = 5/group) was replaced by prosthesis segments with low, medium and high primary porosity. After 7, 14, 21, 28 and 116 days, the prostheses were morphometrically examined. Overall, the fibronectin area fraction was inversely correlated with the neointima thickness, demonstrating high fibronectin levels in the early phase (days 7 and 14) and low levels in the later phase with almost complete neointima formation (days 21-116). Throughout the study, fibronectin levels were highest at the proximal anastomosis region. The low porosity prosthesis had the highest fibronectin area fraction and a delayed neointima formation in the middle phase (days 21 and 28) but the highest neointima lining on day 116. The results indicate a relationship between fibronectin and neointima formation with the prosthesis porosity, demonstrating the importance of the textile design for tissue reactions following implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Patrzyk
- Department of Surgery, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Friedrich-Loeffler-Str. 23, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hoene A, Walschus U, Patrzyk M, Finke B, Lucke S, Nebe B, Schroeder K, Ohl A, Schlosser M. In vivo investigation of the inflammatory response against allylamine plasma polymer coated titanium implants in a rat model. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:676-83. [PMID: 19751851 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) is an established biomaterial for bone replacement. However, facilitation of osteoblast attachment by surface modification with chemical groups could improve the implant performance. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of a plasma polymerized allylamine (PPAAm) layer on the local inflammation in a rat model. Three series (RM76AB, RM78AB, RM77AB) of PPAAm-treated Ti plates were prepared using different plasma conditions. Twelve male LEW.1A rats received one plate of each series and one uncoated control plate implanted into the back musculature. After 7, 14 and 56 days, four rats were euthanized to remove the implants with surrounding tissue. Total monocytes/macrophages, tissue macrophages, T-cells and MHC-class-II-positive cells were morphometrically counted. On day 14, the macrophage/monocyte number was significantly higher for the controls than for the PPAAm samples. On day 56, the RM76AB and RM78AB samples had significantly lower numbers than RM77AB and the controls. The same was found for the tissue macrophages. No change over time and no differences between the implants were found for the T-cells. For the number of MHC-class-II-positive cells, a significant decrease was found only for the RM78AB implants between day 14 and day 56. Physico-chemical analysis of the PPAAm implants revealed that the RM77AB implants had the lowest water absorption, the highest nitrogen loss and the lowest oxygen uptake after sonication. These results demonstrate that the PPAAm samples and the controls were comparable regarding local inflammation, and that different plasma conditions lead to variations in the material properties which influence the tissue reaction.
Collapse
|
46
|
Ziegler M, Schlosser M, Hamann J, Vieregge P, Lühder F, Klöting I, Ziegler B. Autoantibodies to glutamate decarboxylase detected in diabetes-prone BB/OK rats do not distinguish onset of diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol 2009; 102:98-103. [PMID: 8056059 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The diabetes syndrome of the BB rat resembles human Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes including the prevalence of autoantibodies to the 64 kDa Beta-cell autoantigen, which has been identified as glutamate decarboxylase. This study aimed at detecting the prevalence and level of glutamate decarboxylase autoantibodies in 120-day-old diabetic and non-diabetic diabetes-prone BB/OK rats compared to those of sex- and age-matched diabetes-resistant LEW.1A rats. The antibodies were detected using semipurified glutamate decarboxylase from rat brain in two immunoassays, a direct and a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For the last assay autoantibody-containing immunoglobulins of a serum from a patient with the stiff-man syndrome were used to bind specifically the enzyme as autoantigen in plastic wells. The antibody levels measured as optical density at 490 nm (x +/- SD)/prevalence of the diabetic group (120 +/- 29 days of age) of BB/OK rats 0.57 +/- 0.29 (n = 51)/88% as well as those of the nondiabetic group (121 +/- 26 days of age) with 0.51 +/- 0.29 (n = 32)/97% was significantly increased (p < 0.01) compared to those of the diabetes-resistant control group 0.15 +/- 0.06 (n = 29)/0%. Furthermore in a 209 +/- 27-day-old group (n = 21) of non-diabetic but diabetes-prone BB/OK rats the autoantibody levels of 1.21 +/- 0.39 vs 0.51 +/- 0.26 were further significantly enhanced (p < 0.01). These results were confirmed by a sandwich assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ziegler
- Department of Immunochemistry, Institute of Diabetes, Gerhardt Katsch, Karlsburg, Medical Faculty, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schlosser M. Unless Otherwise Indicated: A Survey of Copyright Statements on Digital Library Collections. College & Research Libraries 2009. [DOI: 10.5860/crl.70.4.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
48
|
Hoss AM, Kenk H, Walschus U, Heide J, Schlosser M. Karlsburger Typ-1-Diabetes-Risikostudie – Ergebnisse 14 Jahre nach Studienbeginn. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1221839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
49
|
Heide J, Krause S, Walschus U, Hoss AM, Achenbach P, Schlosser M. Prognostische Wertigkeit von Autoantikörpern gegen IA-2beta bei IA-2A-positiven Schulkindern aus der gesunden Allgemeinbevölkerung. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1221923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
50
|
Walschus U, Hoene A, Neumann HG, Wilhelm L, Lucke S, Lüthen F, Rychly J, Schlosser M. Morphometric immunohistochemical examination of the inflammatory tissue reaction after implantation of calcium phosphate-coated titanium plates in rats. Acta Biomater 2009; 5:776-84. [PMID: 18951072 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP) preparations are established coatings for titanium-based medical implants used for bone reconstruction. However, biodegradation of the coating can result in microparticles that subsequently cause inflammatory reactions. The present study was therefore aimed at investigating the inflammatory response to two series of CaP-coated titanium plates: Ti-brushite (Ti-B) and Ti-hydroxyapatite (Ti-H) implants. Fifteen male LEW.1A rats received one plate of each series and a pellet (5 x 2 mm) of sol-gel derived silica/CaP (SCP implants) implanted into the back musculature. After 7, 14 and 28 days, five rats were killed and the implants were removed with the surrounding tissue. Quantitative immunohistochemistry was performed on frozen sections. Total monocytes/macrophages, tissue macrophages, T-cells, MHC-class-II-positive cells and proliferating cells were counted. For the Ti-B implants, the number of monocytes/macrophages remained constant while the other cell populations increased. In contrast, for the Ti-H implants the number of monocytes/macrophages decreased while the other cell populations remained constant. The SCP implants demonstrated degradation and scattering into smaller particles with an increase for all cell populations except the proliferating cells. Human mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated adherence and a flat morphology on Ti-B and Ti-H implants and no remarkable difference between both implants. Taken together, the in vivo data demonstrate that the short-term inflammatory response against a hydroxyapatite coating is lower in comparison to a brushite coating, and that the morphology of cells growing in vitro is similar on both layers.
Collapse
|