1
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Lin L, Dong J, Xu S, Xiao J, Yu C, Niu F, Wei Z. Autoinhibition and relief mechanisms for MICAL monooxygenases in F-actin disassembly. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6824. [PMID: 39122694 PMCID: PMC11315924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
MICAL proteins represent a unique family of actin regulators crucial for synapse development, membrane trafficking, and cytokinesis. Unlike classical actin regulators, MICALs catalyze the oxidation of specific residues within actin filaments to induce robust filament disassembly. The potent activity of MICALs requires tight control to prevent extensive damage to actin cytoskeleton. However, the molecular mechanism governing MICALs' activity regulation remains elusive. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of MICAL1 in the autoinhibited state, unveiling a head-to-tail interaction that allosterically blocks enzymatic activity. The structure also reveals the assembly of C-terminal domains via a tripartite interdomain interaction, stabilizing the inhibitory conformation of the RBD. Our structural, biochemical, and cellular analyses elucidate a multi-step mechanism to relieve MICAL1 autoinhibition in response to the dual-binding of two Rab effectors, revealing its intricate activity regulation mechanisms. Furthermore, our mutagenesis study of MICAL3 suggests the conserved autoinhibition and relief mechanisms among MICALs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leishu Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Assembling and Regulation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayuan Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Assembling and Regulation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shun Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Assembling and Regulation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinman Xiao
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Yu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengfeng Niu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Assembling and Regulation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Assembling and Regulation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Rajan S, Terman JR, Reisler E. MICAL-mediated oxidation of actin and its effects on cytoskeletal and cellular dynamics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1124202. [PMID: 36875759 PMCID: PMC9982024 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1124202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin and its dynamic structural remodelings are involved in multiple cellular functions, including maintaining cell shape and integrity, cytokinesis, motility, navigation, and muscle contraction. Many actin-binding proteins regulate the cytoskeleton to facilitate these functions. Recently, actin's post-translational modifications (PTMs) and their importance to actin functions have gained increasing recognition. The MICAL family of proteins has emerged as important actin regulatory oxidation-reduction (Redox) enzymes, influencing actin's properties both in vitro and in vivo. MICALs specifically bind to actin filaments and selectively oxidize actin's methionine residues 44 and 47, which perturbs filaments' structure and leads to their disassembly. This review provides an overview of the MICALs and the impact of MICAL-mediated oxidation on actin's properties, including its assembly and disassembly, effects on other actin-binding proteins, and on cells and tissue systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeepa Rajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Terman
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Emil Reisler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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3
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Zhang Z, Qiu H, Li W, Chen Y. A stacking-based model for predicting 30-day all-cause hospital readmissions of patients with acute myocardial infarction. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2020; 20:335. [PMID: 33317534 PMCID: PMC7734833 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-020-01358-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a serious cardiovascular disease, followed by a high readmission rate within 30-days of discharge. Accurate prediction of AMI readmission is a crucial way to identify the high-risk group and optimize the distribution of medical resources. METHODS In this study, we propose a stacking-based model to predict the risk of 30-day unplanned all-cause hospital readmissions for AMI patients based on clinical data. Firstly, we conducted an under-sampling method of neighborhood cleaning rule (NCR) to alleviate the class imbalance and then utilized a feature selection method of SelectFromModel (SFM) to select effective features. Secondly, we adopted a self-adaptive approach to select base classifiers from eight candidate models according to their performances in datasets. Finally, we constructed a three-layer stacking model in which layer 1 and layer 2 were base-layer and level 3 was meta-layer. The predictions of the base-layer were used to train the meta-layer in order to make the final forecast. RESULTS The results show that the proposed model exhibits the highest AUC (0.720), which is higher than that of decision tree (0.681), support vector machine (0.707), random forest (0.701), extra trees (0.709), adaBoost (0.702), bootstrap aggregating (0.704), gradient boosting decision tree (0.710) and extreme gradient enhancement (0.713). CONCLUSION It is evident that our model could effectively predict the risk of 30-day all cause hospital readmissions for AMI patients and provide decision support for the administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, 611731, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.,Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No.2006, Xiyuan Ave, West Hi-Tech Zone, 611731, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China. .,Big Data Research Center, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Weihao Li
- Cardiology Division, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road,Chengdu, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yucheng Chen
- Cardiology Division, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.17 People's South Road,Chengdu, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China. .,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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4
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Kim J, Lee H, Roh YJ, Kim HU, Shin D, Kim S, Son J, Lee A, Kim M, Park J, Hwang SY, Kim K, Lee YK, Jung HS, Hwang KY, Lee BC. Structural and kinetic insights into flavin-containing monooxygenase and calponin-homology domains in human MICAL3. IUCRJ 2020; 7:90-99. [PMID: 31949908 PMCID: PMC6949599 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252519015409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MICAL is an oxidoreductase that participates in cytoskeleton reorganization via actin disassembly in the presence of NADPH. Although three MICALs (MICAL1, MICAL2 and MICAL3) have been identified in mammals, only the structure of mouse MICAL1 has been reported. Here, the first crystal structure of human MICAL3, which contains the flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) and calponin-homology (CH) domains, is reported. MICAL3 has an FAD/NADP-binding Rossmann-fold domain for mono-oxygenase activity like MICAL1. The FMO and CH domains of both MICAL3 and MICAL1 are highly similar in structure, but superimposition of the two structures shows a different relative position of the CH domain in the asymmetric unit. Based on kinetic analyses, the catalytic efficiency of MICAL3 dramatically increased on adding F-actin only when the CH domain was available. However, this did not occur when two residues, Glu213 and Arg530, were mutated in the FMO and CH domains, respectively. Overall, MICAL3 is structurally highly similar to MICAL1, which suggests that they may adopt the same catalytic mechanism, but the difference in the relative position of the CH domain produces a difference in F-actin substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsoo Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Haemin Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jin Roh
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-ul Kim
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaekak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyuk Shin
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sorah Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyeon Son
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Aro Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseo Kim
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junga Park
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yun Hwang
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kwon Lee
- Department of Culinary Art and Food Service Management, Yuhan University, 590 Gyeongin-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14780, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaekak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Yeon Hwang
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Cheon Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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5
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Esposito A, Ventura V, Petoukhov MV, Rai A, Svergun DI, Vanoni MA. Human MICAL1: Activation by the small GTPase Rab8 and small-angle X-ray scattering studies on the oligomerization state of MICAL1 and its complex with Rab8. Protein Sci 2018; 28:150-166. [PMID: 30242933 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human MICAL1 is a member of a recently discovered family of multidomain proteins that couple a FAD-containing monooxygenase-like domain to typical protein interaction domains. Growing evidence implicates the NADPH oxidase reaction catalyzed by the flavoprotein domain in generation of hydrogen peroxide as a second messenger in an increasing number of cell types and as a specific modulator of actin filaments stability. Several proteins of the Rab families of small GTPases are emerging as regulators of MICAL activity by binding to its C-terminal helical domain presumably shifting the equilibrium from the free - auto-inhibited - conformation to the active one. We here extend the characterization of the MICAL1-Rab8 interaction and show that indeed Rab8, in the active GTP-bound state, stabilizes the active MICAL1 conformation causing a specific four-fold increase of kcat of the NADPH oxidase reaction. Kinetic data and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements support the formation of a 1:1 complex between full-length MICAL1 and Rab8 with an apparent dissociation constant of approximately 8 μM. This finding supports the hypothesis that Rab8 is a physiological regulator of MICAL1 activity and shows how the protein region preceding the C-terminal Rab-binding domain may mask one of the Rab-binding sites detected with the isolated C-terminal fragment. SAXS-based modeling allowed us to propose the first model of the free full-length MICAL1, which is consistent with an auto-inhibited conformation in which the C-terminal region prevents catalysis by interfering with the conformational changes that are predicted to occur during the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Esposito
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Ventura
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Maxim V Petoukhov
- A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 59, 119333, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 31, 119071, Moscow, Russia.,N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina str. 4, 119991, Moscow, Russia.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Hamburg Unit, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amrita Rai
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, 44227, Dortmund
| | - Dmitri I Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, EMBL Hamburg Unit, c/o DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria A Vanoni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
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6
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Abstract
Protein function can be regulated via post-translational modifications by numerous enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms, including oxidation of cysteine and methionine residues. Redox-dependent regulatory mechanisms have been identified for nearly every cellular process, but the major paradigm has been that cellular components are oxidized (damaged) by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a relatively unspecific way, and then reduced (repaired) by designated reductases. While this scheme may work with cysteine, it cannot be ascribed to other residues, such as methionine, whose reaction with ROS is too slow to be biologically relevant. However, methionine is clearly oxidized in vivo and enzymes for its stereoselective reduction are present in all three domains of life. Here, we revisit the chemistry and biology of methionine oxidation, with emphasis on its generation by enzymes from the monooxygenase family. Particular attention is placed on MICALs, a recently discovered family of proteins that harbor an unusual flavin-monooxygenase domain with an NADPH-dependent methionine sulfoxidase activity. Based on structural and kinetic information we provide a rational framework to explain MICAL mechanism, inhibition, and regulation. Methionine residues that are targeted by MICALs are reduced back by methionine sulfoxide reductases, suggesting that reversible methionine oxidation may be a general mechanism analogous to the regulation by phosphorylation by kinases/phosphatases. The identification of new enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of methionine will open a new area of research at the forefront of redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Manta
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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7
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Vanoni MA. Structure-function studies of MICAL, the unusual multidomain flavoenzyme involved in actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 632:118-141. [PMID: 28602956 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MICAL (from the Molecule Interacting with CasL) indicates a family of multidomain proteins conserved from insects to humans, which are increasingly attracting attention for their participation in the control of actin cytoskeleton dynamics, and, therefore, in the several related key processes in health and disease. MICAL is unique among actin binding proteins because it catalyzes a NADPH-dependent F-actin depolymerizing reaction. This unprecedented reaction is associated with its N-terminal FAD-containing domain that is structurally related to p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase, the prototype of aromatic monooxygenases, but catalyzes a strong NADPH oxidase activity in the free state. This review will focus on the known structural and functional properties of MICAL forms in order to provide an overview of the arguments supporting the current hypotheses on the possible mechanism of action of MICAL in the free and F-actin bound state, on the modulating effect of the CH, LIM, and C-terminal domains that follow the catalytic flavoprotein domain on the MICAL activities, as well as that of small molecules and proteins interacting with MICAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonietta Vanoni
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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8
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Modulation of MICAL Monooxygenase Activity by its Calponin Homology Domain: Structural and Mechanistic Insights. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22176. [PMID: 26935886 PMCID: PMC4792234 DOI: 10.1038/srep22176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MICALs (Molecule Interacting with CasL) are conserved multidomain enzymes essential
for cytoskeletal reorganization in nerve development, endocytosis, and apoptosis. In
these enzymes, a type-2 calponin homology (CH) domain always follows an N-terminal
monooxygenase (MO) domain. Although the CH domain is required for MICAL-1 cellular
localization and actin-associated function, its contribution to the modulation of
MICAL activity towards actin remains unclear. Here, we present the structure of a
fragment of MICAL-1 containing the MO and the CH domains—determined by X-ray
crystallography and small angle scattering—as well as kinetics experiments
designed to probe the contribution of the CH domain to the actin-modification
activity. Our results suggest that the CH domain, which is loosely connected to the
MO domain by a flexible linker and is far away from the catalytic site, couples
F-actin to the enhancement of redox activity of MICALMO-CH by a
cooperative mechanism involving a trans interaction between adjacently bound
molecules. Binding cooperativity is also observed in other proteins regulating actin
assembly/disassembly dynamics, such as ADF/Cofilins.
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9
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Properties and catalytic activities of MICAL1, the flavoenzyme involved in cytoskeleton dynamics, and modulation by its CH, LIM and C-terminal domains. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 593:24-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Giridharan SSP, Caplan S. MICAL-family proteins: Complex regulators of the actin cytoskeleton. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2059-73. [PMID: 23834433 PMCID: PMC3993057 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The molecules interacting with CasL (MICAL) family members participate in a multitude of activities, including axonal growth cone repulsion, membrane trafficking, apoptosis, and bristle development in flies. An interesting feature of MICAL proteins is the presence of an N-terminal flavo-mono-oxygenase domain. This mono-oxygenase domain generates redox potential with which MICALs can either oxidize proteins or produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Actin is one such protein that is affected by MICAL function, leading to dramatic cytoskeletal rearrangements. This review describes the MICAL-family members, and discusses their mechanisms of actin-binding and regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization. RECENT ADVANCES Recent studies show that MICALs directly induce oxidation of actin molecules, leading to actin depolymerization. ROS production by MICALs also causes oxidation of collapsin response mediator protein-2, a microtubule assembly promoter, which subsequently undergoes phosphorylation. CRITICAL ISSUES MICAL proteins oxidize proteins through two mechanisms: either directly by oxidizing methionine residues or indirectly via the production of ROS. It remains unclear whether MICAL proteins employ both mechanisms or whether the activity of MICAL-family proteins might vary with different substrates. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The identification of additional substrates oxidized by MICAL will shed new light on MICAL protein function. Additional directions include expanding studies toward the MICAL-like homologs that lack flavin adenine dinucleotide domains and oxidation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Srinivas Panapakkam Giridharan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and the Pamela and Fred Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
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11
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MICAL, the flavoenzyme participating in cytoskeleton dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:6920-59. [PMID: 23535333 PMCID: PMC3645671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14046920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MICAL (from the Molecule Interacting with CasL) indicates a family of recently discovered cytosolic, multidomain proteins, which uniquely couple an N-terminal FAD-containing monooxygenase-like domain to typical calponine homology, LIM and coiled-coil protein-interaction modules. Genetic and cell biology approaches have demonstrated an essential role of the catalytic activity of the monooxygenase-like domain in transducing the signal initiated by semaphorins interaction with their plexin receptors, which results in local actin cytoskeleton disassembly as part of fundamental processes that include differentiation, migration and cell-cell contacts in neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. This review focuses on the structure-function relations of the MICAL monooxygenase-like domain as they are emerging from the available in vitro studies on mouse, human and Drosophila MICAL forms that demonstrated a NADPH-dependent actin depolymerizing activity of MICAL. With Drosophila MICAL forms, actin depolymerization was demonstrated to be associated to conversion of Met44 to methionine sulfone through a postulated hydroxylating reaction. Arguments supporting the concept that MICAL effect on F-actin may be reversible will be discussed.
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12
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Zhou Y, Gunput RAF, Adolfs Y, Pasterkamp RJ. MICALs in control of the cytoskeleton, exocytosis, and cell death. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:4033-44. [PMID: 21822644 PMCID: PMC3221843 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MICALs form an evolutionary conserved family of multidomain signal transduction proteins characterized by a flavoprotein monooxygenase domain. MICALs are being implicated in the regulation of an increasing number of molecular and cellular processes including cytoskeletal dynamics and intracellular trafficking. Intriguingly, some of these effects are dependent on the MICAL monooxygenase enzyme and redox signaling, while other functions rely on other parts of the MICAL protein. Recent breakthroughs in our understanding of MICAL signaling identify the ability of MICALs to bind and directly modify the actin cytoskeleton, link MICALs to the docking and fusion of exocytotic vesicles, and uncover MICALs as anti-apoptotic proteins. These discoveries could lead to therapeutic advances in neural regeneration, cancer, and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeping Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Utrecht, STR 4.229, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rou-Afza F. Gunput
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Utrecht, STR 4.229, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Youri Adolfs
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Utrecht, STR 4.229, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R. Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Utrecht, STR 4.229, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Hung RJ, Terman JR. Extracellular inhibitors, repellents, and semaphorin/plexin/MICAL-mediated actin filament disassembly. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2011; 68:415-33. [PMID: 21800438 PMCID: PMC3612987 DOI: 10.1002/cm.20527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple extracellular signals have been identified that regulate actin dynamics within motile cells, but how these instructive cues present on the cell surface exert their precise effects on the internal actin cytoskeleton is still poorly understood. One particularly interesting class of these cues is a group of extracellular proteins that negatively alter the movement of cells and their processes. Over the years, these types of events have been described using a variety of terms and herein we provide an overview of inhibitory/repulsive cellular phenomena and highlight the largest known protein family of repulsive extracellular cues, the Semaphorins. Specifically, the Semaphorins (Semas) utilize Plexin cell-surface receptors to dramatically collapse the actin cytoskeleton and we summarize what is known of the direct molecular and biochemical mechanisms of Sema-triggered actin filament (F-actin) disassembly. We also discuss new observations from our lab that reveal that the multidomain oxidoreductase (Redox) enzyme Molecule Interacting with CasL (MICAL), an important mediator of Sema/Plexin repulsion, is a novel F-actin disassembly factor. Our results indicate that MICAL triggers Sema/Plexin-mediated reorganization of the F-actin cytoskeleton and suggest a role for specific Redox signaling events in regulating actin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Jiun Hung
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Neuroscience Graduate Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Terman
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, and Neuroscience Graduate Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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14
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Xue Y, Kuok C, Xiao A, Zhu Z, Lin S, Zhang B. Identification and expression analysis of mical family genes in zebrafish. J Genet Genomics 2011; 37:685-93. [PMID: 21035094 DOI: 10.1016/s1673-8527(09)60086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mical (molecule interacting with CasL) represent a conserved family of cytosolic multidomain proteins that has been shown to be associated with a variety of cellular processes, including axon guidance, cell movement, cell-cell junction formation, vesicle trafficking and cancer cell metastasis. However, the expression and function of these genes during embryonic development have not been comprehensively characterized, especially in vertebrate species, although some limited in vivo studies have been carried out in neural and musculature systems of Drosophila and in neural systems of vertebrates. So far, no mical family homologs have been reported in zebrafish, an ideal vertebrate model for the study of developmental processes. Here we report eight homologs of mical family genes in zebrafish and their expression profiles during embryonic development. Consistent with the findings in Drosophila and mammals, most zebrafish mical family genes display expression in neural and musculature systems. In addition, five mical homologs are detected in heart, and one, micall2a, in blood vessels. Our data established an important basis for further functional studies of mical family genes in zebrafish, and suggest a possible role for mical genes in cardiovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Center of Developmental Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
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Rahajeng J, Giridharan SSP, Cai B, Naslavsky N, Caplan S. Important relationships between Rab and MICAL proteins in endocytic trafficking. World J Biol Chem 2010; 1:254-64. [PMID: 21537482 PMCID: PMC3083971 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v1.i8.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The internalization of essential nutrients, lipids and receptors is a crucial process for all eukaryotic cells. Accordingly, endocytosis is highly conserved across cell types and species. Once internalized, small cargo-containing vesicles fuse with early endosomes (also known as sorting endosomes), where they undergo segregation to distinct membrane regions and are sorted and transported on through the endocytic pathway. Although the mechanisms that regulate this sorting are still poorly understood, some receptors are directed to late endosomes and lysosomes for degradation, whereas other receptors are recycled back to the plasma membrane; either directly or through recycling endosomes. The Rab family of small GTP-binding proteins plays crucial roles in regulating these trafficking pathways. Rabs cycle from inactive GDP-bound cytoplasmic proteins to active GTP-bound membrane-associated proteins, as a consequence of the activity of multiple specific GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) and GTP exchange factors (GEFs). Once bound to GTP, Rabs interact with a multitude of effector proteins that carry out Rab-specific functions. Recent studies have shown that some of these effectors are also interaction partners for the C-terminal Eps15 homology (EHD) proteins, which are also intimately involved in endocytic regulation. A particularly interesting example of common Rab-EHD interaction partners is the MICAL-like protein, MICAL-L1. MICAL-L1 and its homolog, MICAL-L2, belong to the larger MICAL family of proteins, and both have been directly implicated in regulating endocytic recycling of cell surface receptors and junctional proteins, as well as controlling cytoskeletal rearrangement and neurite outgrowth. In this review, we summarize the functional roles of MICAL and Rab proteins, and focus on the significance of their interactions and the implications for endocytic transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliati Rahajeng
- Juliati Rahajeng, Sai Srinivas Panapakkam Giridharan, Bishuang Cai, Naava Naslavsky, Steve Caplan, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, United States
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Chen HH, Murchland I, Booker GW. Assignment of the 1H, 13C and 15N resonances of the calponin homology-2 domain of alpha-actinin-4. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2008; 2:195-7. [PMID: 19636903 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-008-9119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the assignment of the 110 amino acid second calponin homology domain of human alpha-actinin-4. The two calponin homology domains of alpha-actinin combine to regulate F-actin binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Hui Chen
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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17
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Ishida H, Borman MA, Ostrander J, Vogel HJ, MacDonald JA. Solution structure of the calponin homology (CH) domain from the smoothelin-like 1 protein: a unique apocalmodulin-binding mode and the possible role of the C-terminal type-2 CH-domain in smooth muscle relaxation. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:20569-78. [PMID: 18477568 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800627200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The SMTNL1 protein contains a single type-2 calponin homology (CH) domain at its C terminus that shares sequence identity with the smoothelin family of smooth muscle-specific proteins. In contrast to the smoothelins, SMTNL1 does not associate with F-actin in vitro, and its specific role in smooth muscle remains unclear. In addition, the biological function of the C-terminal CH-domains found in the smoothelin proteins is also poorly understood. In this work, we have therefore determined the solution structure of the CH-domain of mouse SMTNL1 (SMTNL1-CH; residues 346-459). The secondary structure and the overall fold for the C-terminal type-2 CH-domain is very similar to that of other CH-domains. However, two clusters of basic residues form a unique surface structure that is characteristic of SMTNL1-CH. Moreover, the protein has an extended C-terminal alpha-helix, which contains a calmodulin (CaM)-binding IQ-motif, that is also a distinct feature of the smoothelins. We have characterized the binding of apo-CaM to SMTNL1-CH through its IQ-motif by isothermal titration calorimetry and NMR chemical shift perturbation studies. In addition, we have used the HADDOCK protein-protein docking approach to construct a model for the complex of apo-CaM and SMTNL1-CH. The model revealed a close interaction of SMTNL1-CH with the two Ca(2+) binding loop regions of the C-terminal domain of apo-CaM; this mode of apo-CaM binding is distinct from previously reported interactions of apo-CaM with IQ-motifs. Finally, we comment on the putative role of the CH-domain in the biological function of SMTNL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ishida
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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18
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Shi Y, Wu J. Structural basis of protein–protein interaction studied by NMR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 8:67-72. [PMID: 17763922 DOI: 10.1007/s10969-007-9021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes efforts of the structural genomics project in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) laboratory at the University of Science and Technology of China. This structural genomics project is biological-functional driven. Targets are mainly selected from two systems: proteins related with regulation of gene expression in humans and other eukaryotes, and proteins existing in the cell junction in humans. The majority of proteins selected from these two systems are related with human health and diseases, and some are potential drug targets. Twenty-five protein structures from Homo sapiens and other eukaryotes have been determined during last 5 years in this laboratory. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is highly suited to investigate molecular interactions at a close physiological condition and is particularly suited for the study of low-affinity, transient complexes. It can provide information on protein surface interaction, their complex structure, and their dynamic properties during protein recognition. Several examples are given in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyu Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Jin X, Zhang J, Dai H, Sun H, Wang D, Wu J, Shi Y. Investigation of the four cooperative unfolding units existing in the MICAL-1 CH domain. Biophys Chem 2007; 129:269-78. [PMID: 17662518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2007.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The solution structure of human MICAL-1 calpolnin homology (CH) domain is composed of six alpha helices and one 3(10) helix. To study the unfolding of this domain, we carry out native-state hydrogen exchange, intrinsic fluorescence and far-UV circular dichroism experiments. The free energy of unfolding, DeltaG(H2O), is calculated to be 7.11+/-0.58 kcal mol(-1) from GuHCl denaturation at pH 6.5. Four cooperative unfolding units are found using native-state hydrogen exchange experiment. Forty-seven slow-exchange residues can be studied by native-state hydrogen exchange experiments. From the concentration dependence of exchange rates, free energy of amide hydrogen with solvent, DeltaG(HX) and m-value (sensitivity of exposure to denaturant) are obtained, which reveal four cooperative unfolding units. The slowest exchanging protons are distributed throughout the whole hydrophobic core of the protein, which might be the folding core. These results will help us understand the structure of MICAL-1 CH domain more deeply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianju Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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