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Vesga LC, Silva AMP, Bernal CC, Mendez-Sánchez SC, Romero Bohórquez AR. Tetrahydroquinoline/4,5-dihydroisoxazole hybrids with a remarkable effect over mitochondrial bioenergetic metabolism on melanoma cell line B16F10. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02796-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Machuca A, Garcia‐Calvo E, Anunciação DS, Luque‐Garcia JL. Rhodium Nanoparticles as a Novel Photosensitizing Agent in Photodynamic Therapy against Cancer. Chemistry 2020; 26:7685-7691. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andres Machuca
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of Chemical SciencesComplutense University of Madrid Av. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Estefania Garcia‐Calvo
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of Chemical SciencesComplutense University of Madrid Av. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Daniela S. Anunciação
- Institute of Chemistry and BiotechnologyFederal University of Alagoas Campus A. C. Simões 57072-900 Maceió-AL Brazil
| | - Jose L. Luque‐Garcia
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of Chemical SciencesComplutense University of Madrid Av. Complutense s/n 28040 Madrid Spain
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Cardile V, Graziano ACE, Avola R, Piovano M, Russo A. Potential anticancer activity of lichen secondary metabolite physodic acid. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 263:36-45. [PMID: 28012710 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites present in lichens, which comprise aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and terpenic compounds, are unique with respect to those of higher plants and show interesting biological and pharmacological activities. However, only a few of these compounds, have been assessed for their effectiveness against various in vitro cancer models. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of three lichen secondary metabolites (atranorin, gyrophoric acid and physodic acid) on A375 melanoma cancer cell line. The tested compounds arise from different lichen species collected in different areas of Continental and Antarctic Chile. The obtained results confirm the major efficiency of depsidones. In fact, depsides atranorin and gyrophoric acid, showed a lower activity inhibiting the melanoma cancer cells only at more high concentrations. Whereas the depsidone physodic acid, showed a dose-response relationship in the range of 6.25-50 μM concentrations in A375 cells, activating an apoptotic process, that probably involves the reduction of Hsp70 expression. Although the molecular mechanism, by which apoptosis is induced by physodic acid remains unclear, and of course further studies are needed, the results here reported confirm the promising biological properties of depsidone compounds, and may offer a further impulse to the development of analogues with more powerful efficiency against melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - A C E Graziano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - R Avola
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - M Piovano
- Department of Chemistry, University Técnica Federico Santa Maria, Casilla 110-V, Valparaìso, Chile
| | - A Russo
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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Villanueva-Paz M, Cordero MD, Pavón AD, Vega BC, Cotán D, De la Mata M, Oropesa-Ávila M, Alcocer-Gomez E, de Lavera I, Garrido-Maraver J, Carrascosa J, Zaderenko AP, Muntané J, de Miguel M, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. Amitriptyline induces mitophagy that precedes apoptosis in human HepG2 cells. Genes Cancer 2016; 7:260-277. [PMID: 27738496 PMCID: PMC5059116 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been largely unsuccessful. This study investigated the antitumoral activity of Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, in hepatoma cells. Amitriptyline-induced toxicity involved early mitophagy activation that subsequently switched to apoptosis. Amitriptyline induced mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Amitriptyline specifically inhibited mitochondrial complex III activity that is associated with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies revealed structurally abnormal mitochondria that were engulfed by double-membrane structures resembling autophagosomes. Consistent with mitophagy activation, fluorescence microscopy analysis showed mitochondrial Parkin recruitment and colocalization of mitochondria with autophagosome protein markers. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of autophagy exacerbated the deleterious effects of Amitriptyline on hepatoma cells and led to increased apoptosis. These results suggest that mitophagy acts as an initial adaptive mechanism of cell survival. However persistent mitochondrial damage induced extensive and lethal mitophagy, autophagy stress and autophagolysome permeabilization leading eventually to cell death by apoptosis. Amitriptyline also induced cell death in hepatoma cells lines with mutated p53 and non-sense p53 mutation. Our results support the hypothesis that Amitriptyline-induced mitochondrial dysfunction can be a useful therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment, especially in tumors showing p53 mutations and/or resistant to genotoxic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología de Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide/CSIC/, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mario D Cordero
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Delgado Pavón
- Centro Andaluz de Biología de Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide/CSIC/, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Beatriz Castejón Vega
- Centro Andaluz de Biología de Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide/CSIC/, Sevilla, Spain
| | - David Cotán
- Centro Andaluz de Biología de Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide/CSIC/, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Mario De la Mata
- Centro Andaluz de Biología de Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide/CSIC/, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Oropesa-Ávila
- Centro Andaluz de Biología de Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide/CSIC/, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elizabet Alcocer-Gomez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología de Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide/CSIC/, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Isabel de Lavera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología de Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide/CSIC/, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Garrido-Maraver
- Centro Andaluz de Biología de Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide/CSIC/, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Carrascosa
- Centro Andaluz de Biología de Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide/CSIC/, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Zaderenko
- Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntané
- Departmento de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel de Miguel
- Departamento de Citología e Histología Normal y Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Antonio Sánchez-Alcázar
- Centro Andaluz de Biología de Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide/CSIC/, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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Madrid A, Cardile V, González C, Montenegro I, Villena J, Caggia S, Graziano A, Russo A. Psoralea glandulosa as a potential source of anticancer agents for melanoma treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:7944-59. [PMID: 25860949 PMCID: PMC4425060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16047944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the aim of identifying novel agents with antigrowth and pro-apoptotic activity on melanoma cancer, the present study was undertaken to investigate the biological activity of the resinous exudate of aerial parts from Psoralea glandulosa, and its active components (bakuchiol (1), 3-hydroxy-bakuchiol (2) and 12-hydroxy-iso-bakuchiol (3)) against melanoma cells (A2058). In addition, the effect in cancer cells of bakuchiol acetate (4), a semi-synthetic derivative of bakuchiol, was examined. The results obtained show that the resinous exudate inhibited the growth of cancer cells with IC50 value of 10.5 μg/mL after 48 h of treatment, while, for pure compounds, the most active was the semi-synthetic compound 4. Our data also demonstrate that resin is able to induce apoptotic cell death, which could be related to an overall action of the meroterpenes present. In addition, our data seem to indicate that the apoptosis correlated to the tested products appears, at least in part, to be associated with an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In summary, our study provides the first evidence that P. glandulosa may be considered a source of useful molecules in the development of analogues with more potent efficacy against melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Madrid
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Avda. Leopoldo Carvallo 270, Playa Ancha, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, V. le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - César González
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España N° 1680, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Ivan Montenegro
- Escuela de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Blanco N° 1911, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Joan Villena
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CIB), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Hontaneda N° 2664, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Silvia Caggia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, V. le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Adriana Graziano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, V. le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Russo
- Department of Drug Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, V. le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Feng W, Yoshida A, Ueda T. YM155 induces caspase-8 dependent apoptosis through downregulation of survivin and Mcl-1 in human leukemia cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 435:52-7. [PMID: 23618862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, is highly expressed in various kinds of tumors. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic mechanism of YM155, a unique small-molecule inhibitor of survivin, in human myelogenous leukemia cells. YM155 potently inhibited the cell growth of HL-60 and U937 cells with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.3 nM and 0.8 nM, respectively. YM155 significantly suppressed the levels of mRNA expression and protein of survivin in HL-60 and U937 cells. In addition, we also found that YM155 down-regulated the level of Mcl-1, another critical anti-apoptotic protein, in both HL-60 and U937 cells. Treatment of HL-60 and U937 cells with YM155 induced apoptosis concomitant with the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3. Interestingly, we have found that caspase-8 inhibitor Z-IETD-FMK strongly inhibited YM155-induced apoptosis in HL-60 and U937 cells. When cells were pretreated with Z-IETD-FMK, the activation of caspase-3 was completely abolished, suggesting that caspase-8 may be involved in the activation of caspase-3 during YM155-induced apoptosis. We demonstrated for the first time that YM155 induces caspase-8 dependent apoptosis through downregulation of survivin and Mcl-1 in human leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiying Feng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Fukui, 23 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka, Eiheiji-Chou, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
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Ehrhardt H, Wachter F, Maurer M, Stahnke K, Jeremias I. Important role of caspase-8 for chemosensitivity of ALL cells. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:7605-13. [PMID: 22010212 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sensitivity of tumor cells toward chemotherapy mainly determines the prognosis of patients suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); nevertheless, underlying mechanisms regulating chemosensitivity remain poorly understood. Here, we aimed at characterizing the role of caspase-8 for chemosensitivity of B- and T-ALL cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Primary tumor cells from children with ALL were evaluated for expression levels of the caspase-8 protein, were amplified in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice, transfected with siRNA, and evaluated for their chemosensitivity in vitro. RESULTS Effective cell death in B- and T-ALL cells depended on the presence of caspase-8 for the majority of cytotoxic drugs routinely used in antileukemia treatment. Caspase-8 was activated independently from extrinsic apoptosis signaling. Accordingly in primary ALL cells, the expression level of caspase-8 protein correlated with cell death sensitivity toward defined cytotoxic drugs in vitro. In the subgroup of primary ALL cells, with low expression of caspase-8, methotrexate (MTX) upregulated the expression of caspase-8 mediated by the transcription factor p53, suggesting epigenetic silencing of caspase-8. RNA interference in patient-derived B- and T-ALL cells revealed that effective cell death induction by most routine drug combinations involving MTX depended on the presence of caspase-8. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that caspase-8 is crucial for the high antileukemic efficiency of numerous routine cytotoxic drugs. Reexpression of epigenetically downregulated caspase-8 represents a promising approach to increase efficiency of antileukemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Ehrhardt
- Helmholtz Center Munich–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Department of Gene Vectors, Marchioninistrasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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Acute oxidant damage promoted on cancer cells by amitriptyline in comparison with some common chemotherapeutic drugs. Anticancer Drugs 2011; 21:932-44. [PMID: 20847644 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32833ed5f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative therapy is a relatively new anticancer strategy based on the induction of high levels of oxidative stress, achieved by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or by depleting the protective antioxidant machinery of tumor cells. We focused our investigations on the antitumoral potential of amitriptyline in three human tumor cell lines: H460 (lung cancer), HeLa (cervical cancer), and HepG2 (hepatoma); comparing the cytotoxic effect of amitriptyline with three commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs: camptothecin, doxorubicin, and methotrexate. We evaluated apoptosis, ROS production, mitochondrial mass and activity, and antioxidant defenses of tumor cells. Our results show that amitriptyline produces the highest cellular damage, inducing high levels of ROS followed by irreversible serious mitochondrial damage. Interestingly, an unexpected decrease in antioxidant machinery was observed only for amitriptyline. In conclusion, based on the capacity of generating ROS and inhibiting antioxidants in tumor cells, amitriptyline emerges as a promising new drug to be tested for anticancer therapy.
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Lim W, Kim O, Jung J, Ko Y, Ha J, Oh H, Lim H, Kwon H, Kim I, Kim J, Kim M, Kim S, Kim BK, Kim S, Kang BC, Choi H, Kim O. Dichloromethane fraction from Gardenia jasminoides: DNA topoisomerase 1 inhibition and oral cancer cell death induction. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2010; 48:1354-1360. [PMID: 20738175 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.483246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A growing body of evidence shows that compounds of plant origin have the ability to prevent cancer. The fruit of gardenia, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Rubiaceae), has long been used as a food additive and herbal medicine, and its pharmacological actions, such as protective activity against oxidative damage, cytotoxic effect, and anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity, have already been reported. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to investigate the presence of DNA topoisomerase 1 inhibitor in various solvent fractions of Gardenia extract and examine the induction of oral cancer cell death upon treatment with Gardenia extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS The methanol extract of Gardenia was partitioned with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. RESULTS In the DNA topoisomerase 1 assay, n-hexane and dichloromethane fractions inhibited topoisomerase 1 and led to a decrease in the cell viability of KB cells. The dichloromethane fraction (0.1 mg/mL) also showed 77% inhibition of cell viability in KB cells compared with HaCaT cells. Treatment with dichloromethane fraction led to apoptotic cell death as evidenced by flow cytometric analysis and morphological changes. In addition, treatment with Gardenia extract dichloromethane fraction led to the partial increase of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 activities and the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that the dichloromethane fraction from Gardenia extract induces apoptotic cell death by DNA topoisomerase 1 inhibition in KB cells. These findings suggest the possibility that Gardenia extract could be developed as an anticancer modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- WonBong Lim
- Second Stage of Brain Korea 21 for School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Bug-Gu, Gwangju, Korea
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Rocha GDG, Simões M, Oliveira RR, Kaplan MAC, Gattass CR. 3β-acetyl tormentic acid induces apoptosis of resistant leukemia cells independently of P-gp/ABCB1 activity or expression. Invest New Drugs 2010; 30:105-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chen Z, Jin K, Gao L, Lou G, Jin Y, Yu Y, Lou Y. Anti-tumor effects of bakuchiol, an analogue of resveratrol, on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell line. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 643:170-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Seneci P, Bianchi A, Battaglia C, Belvisi L, Bolognesi M, Caprini A, Cossu F, Franco ED, Matteo MD, Delia D, Drago C, Khaled A, Lecis D, Manzoni L, Marizzoni M, Mastrangelo E, Milani M, Motto I, Moroni E, Potenza D, Rizzo V, Servida F, Turlizzi E, Varrone M, Vasile F, Scolastico C. Rational design, synthesis and characterization of potent, non-peptidic Smac mimics/XIAP inhibitors as proapoptotic agents for cancer therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:5834-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Pavani C, Uchoa AF, Oliveira CS, Iamamoto Y, Baptista MS. Effect of zinc insertion and hydrophobicity on the membrane interactions and PDT activity of porphyrin photosensitizers. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 8:233-40. [PMID: 19247516 DOI: 10.1039/b810313e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of photosensitizers (PS), which are meso-substituted tetra-cationic porphyrins, was synthesized in order to study the role of amphiphilicity and zinc insertion in photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. Several properties of the PS were evaluated and compared within the series including photophysical properties (absorption spectra, fluorescence quantum yield Phif, and singlet oxygen quantum yield PhiDelta), uptake by vesicles, mitochondria and HeLa cells, dark and phototoxicity in HeLa cells. The photophysical properties of all compounds are quite similar (Phif<or=0.02; PhiDelta approximately 0.8). An increase in lipophilicity and the presence of zinc in the porphyrin ring result in higher vesicle and cell uptake. Binding in mitochondria is dependent on the PS lipophilicity and on the electrochemical membrane potential, i.e., in uncoupled mitochondria PS binding decreases by up to 53%. The porphyrin substituted with octyl groups (TC8PyP) is the compound that is most enriched in mitochondria, and its zinc derivative (ZnTC8PyP) has the highest global uptake. The stronger membrane interaction of the zinc-substituted porphyrins is attributed to a complexing effect with phosphate groups of the phospholipids. Zinc insertion was also shown to decrease the interaction with isolated mitochondria and with the mitochondria of HeLa cells, an effect that has been explained by the particular characteristics of the mitochondrial internal membrane. Phototoxicity was shown to increase proportionally with membrane binding efficiency, which is attributed to favorable membrane interactions which allow more efficient membrane photooxidation. For this series of compounds, photodynamic efficiency is directly proportional to the membrane binding and cell uptake, but it is not totally related to mitochondrial targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Pavani
- Departamento de Química, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Toogood PL. Mitochondrial drugs. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2008; 12:457-63. [PMID: 18602018 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles that perform pivotal functions essential for ATP production, homeostasis, and metabolism. Moreover, mitochondria are integral to a variety of cell death and survival pathways. These roles identify mitochondria as a potential target for drugs to treat metabolic and hyperproliferative diseases. Differences in the redox state of pathogenic versus non-pathogenic cells may be exploited to achieve selective anti-proliferative and cytotoxic activity against target cell populations. Pro-oxidant drugs, such as Trisenox and Elesclomol, are demonstrating clinical utility in the treatment of cancer. Results obtained with Bz-423 in mice demonstrate the potential for mitochondria-targeted drugs to control disorders of immune function. Research associating an elevated oxidant state with mitochondrial damage, degenerative disease, and aging dictates the need for a better understanding of when and how pharmacological manipulation of mitochondrial function provides most therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Toogood
- Lycera Corporation, 1663 Snowberry Ridge Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA.
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