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Alberici LC, Oliveira HCF. Mitochondrial Adaptive Responses to Hypertriglyceridemia and Bioactive Lipids. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:953-968. [PMID: 34409856 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Altered plasma triglyceride metabolism and changes in dietary fatty acid types and levels are major contributors to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases such as fatty liver disease, obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Lipid accumulation in visceral adipose tissue and ectopically in other organs, as well as lipid-induced redox imbalance, is connected to mitochondrial dysfunction in a range of oxidative stress-associated metabolic and degenerative disorders. Recent Advances: Successful mitochondrial adaptive responses in the context of hypertriglyceridemia and dietary bioactive polyunsaturated fatty acids contribute to increase body energy expenditure and reduce oxidative stress, thus allowing several cell types to cope with metabolic challenges and stresses. These responses include mitochondrial redox signaling, mild uncoupling, and changes in network dynamic behavior. Critical Issues: Mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox changes in a lipid overload context are relatively well characterized. However, the turning point between adaptive and maladaptive mitochondrial responses remains a critical issue to be elucidated. In addition, the relationship between changes in fusion/fission machinery and mitochondrial function is less well understood. Future Directions: The effective mitochondrial responses described here support the research for new drug design and diet or nutraceutical formulations targeting mitochondrial mild uncoupling and effective quality control as putative strategies for cardiometabolic diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 953-968.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane C Alberici
- Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena C F Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Rossignoli CP, Dechandt CRP, Souza AO, Sampaio IH, Vicentini TM, Teodoro BG, Neto MPC, Ferrari GD, Couto-Lima CA, Alberici LC. Effects of intermittent dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid and fish oil (EPA/DHA) on body metabolism and mitochondrial energetics in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 60:16-23. [PMID: 30041048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mitochondrial processes that contribute to body energy metabolism may provide an attractive therapeutic target for obesity and co-morbidities. Here we investigated whether intermittent dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic (CLA, 18:2n-6), docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3, DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3, EPA) acids, either alone or in combination, changes body metabolism associated with mitochondrial functions in the brain, liver, skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Male C57Bl/6 mice were divided into groups: CLA (50% cis-9, trans-11; 50% trans-10, cis-12), EPA/DHA (64% EPA; 28% DHA), CLA plus EPA/DHA or control (linoleic acid). Each mouse received 3 g/kg b.w. of the stated oil by gavage on alternating days for 60 days. Dietary supplementation with CLA or EPA/DHA increased body VO2 consumption, VCO2 production and energy expenditure, being fish oil (FO) the most potent even in combination with CLA. Individually, both oils reduced mitochondrial density in BAT. CLA supplementation alone also a) elevated the expression of uncoupling proteins in soleus, liver and hippocampus and the uncoupling activity in the last two, ad this effect was associated with reduced hydrogen peroxide production in hippocampus; b) increased proteins related to mitochondrial fission in liver. EPA/DHA supplementation alone also a) induced mitochondrial biogenesis in liver, soleus and hippocampus associated with increased expression of PGC1-α; b) induced proteins related to mitochondrial fusion in the liver, and fission and fusion in the hippocampus. Therefore, this study shows changes on mitochondrial mechanisms induced by CLA and/or EPA/DHA that can be associated with elevated body energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila P Rossignoli
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R P Dechandt
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson O Souza
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor H Sampaio
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane M Vicentini
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno G Teodoro
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marinaldo Pacífico Cavalcanti Neto
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Duarte Ferrari
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Couto-Lima
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane C Alberici
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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3
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Moreira TG, Gomes-Santos AC, Horta LS, Goncalves MC, Santiago AF, Lauar JG, Dos Reis DS, Castro-Junior AB, Lemos L, Guimarães M, Aguilar EC, Pap A, Amaral JF, Alvarez-Leite JI, Cara DC, Rezende RM, Nagy L, Faria AMC, Maioli TU. Consumption of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-supplemented diet during colitis development ameliorates gut inflammation without causing steatosis in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 57:238-245. [PMID: 29800810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been proposed for weight management and to prevent gut inflammation. However, some animal studies suggest that supplementation with CLA leads to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The aims of this study were to test the efficiency of CLA in preventing dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, to analyze the effects of CLA in the liver function, and to access putative liver alterations upon CLA supplementation during colitis. So, C57BL/6 mice were supplemented for 3 weeks with either control diet (AIN-G) or 1% CLA-supplemented diet. CLA content in the diet and in the liver of mice fed CLA containing diet were accessed by gas chromatography. On the first day of the third week of dietary treatment, mice received ad libitum a 1.5%-2.5% DSS solution for 7 days. Disease activity index score was evaluated; colon and liver samples were stained by hematoxylin and eosin for histopathology analysis and lamina propria cells were extracted to access the profile of innate cell infiltrate. Metabolic alterations before and after colitis induction were accessed by an open calorimetric circuit. Serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and alanine aminotransaminase were measured; the content of fat in liver and feces was also accessed. CLA prevented weight loss, histopathologic and macroscopic signs of colitis, and inflammatory infiltration. Mice fed CLA-supplemented without colitis induction diet developed steatosis, which was prevented in mice with colitis probably due to the higher lipid consumption as energy during gut inflammation. This result suggests that CLA is safe for use during gut inflammation but not at steady-state conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Garcias Moreira
- Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Cristina Gomes-Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Laila Sampaio Horta
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Camila Goncalves
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Andrezza Fernanda Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Gonçalves Lauar
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniela Silva Dos Reis
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Archimedes Barbosa Castro-Junior
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luisa Lemos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro Guimarães
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Edenil Costa Aguilar
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Attila Pap
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Joana Ferreira Amaral
- Escola de Nutrição e Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biologia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline I Alvarez-Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Denise Carmona Cara
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Machado Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen, Hungary; Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, Lake Nona, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ana Maria Caetano Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Tatiani Uceli Maioli
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Gene pathways associated with mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and telomere length are differentially expressed in the liver of rats fed lifelong on virgin olive, sunflower or fish oils. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 52:36-44. [PMID: 29144994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of lifelong intake of different fat sources rich in monounsaturated (virgin olive oil), n6 polyunsaturated (sunflower oil) or n3 polyunsaturated (fish oil) fatty acids in the aged liver. Male Wistar rats fed lifelong on diets differing in the fat source were killed at 6 and at 24 months of age. Liver histopathology, mitochondrial ultrastructure, biogenesis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial electron transport chain, relative telomere length and gene expression profiles were studied. Aging led to lipid accumulation in the liver. Virgin olive oil led to the lowest oxidation and ultrastructural alterations. Sunflower oil induced fibrosis, ultrastructural alterations and high oxidation. Fish oil intensified oxidation associated with age, lowered electron transport chain activity and enhanced the relative telomere length. Gene expression changes associated with age in animals fed virgin olive oil and fish oil were related mostly to mitochondrial function and oxidative stress pathways, followed by cell cycle and telomere length control. Sunflower oil avoided gene expression changes related to age. According to the results, virgin olive oil might be considered the dietary fat source that best preserves the liver during the aging process.
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Baraldi FG, Vicentini TM, Teodoro BG, Dalalio FM, Dechandt CRP, Prado IMR, Curti C, Cardoso FC, Uyemura SA, Alberici LC. The combination of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and extra virgin olive oil increases mitochondrial and body metabolism and prevents CLA-associated insulin resistance and liver hypertrophy in C57Bl/6 mice. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 28:147-54. [PMID: 26878792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Clinical conditions associated with obesity can be improved by daily intake of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Here we investigated whether dietary supplementation with CLA and EVOO, either alone or in combination, changes body metabolism associated with mitochondrial energetics. Male C57Bl/6 mice were divided into one of four groups: CLA (1:1 cis-9, trans-11:trans-10, cis-12; 18:2 isomers), EVOO, CLA plus EVOO or control (linoleic acid). Each mouse received 3 g/kg body weight of the stated oil by gavage on alternating days for 60 days. Dietary supplementation with CLA, alone or in combination with EVOO: (a) reduced the white adipose tissue gain; (b) increased body VO2 consumption, VCO2 production and energy expenditure; (c) elevated uncoupling protein (UCP)-2 expression and UCP activity in isolated liver mitochondria. This organelle, when energized with NAD(+)-linked substrates, produced high amounts of H2O2 without inducing oxidative damage. Dietary supplementation with EVOO alone did not change any metabolic parameter, but supplementation with CLA itself promoted insulin resistance and elevated weight, lipid content and acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 expression in liver. Interestingly, the in vivo antioxidant therapy with N-acetylcysteine abolished the CLA-induced rise of body metabolism and liver UCP expression and activity, while the in vitro antioxidant treatment with catalase mitigated the CLA-dependent UCP-2 expression in hepatocytes; these findings suggest the participation of an oxidative-dependent pathway. Therefore, this study clarifies the mechanisms by which CLA induces liver UCP expression and activity, and demonstrates for the first time the beneficial effects of combined CLA and EVOO supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia G Baraldi
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane M Vicentini
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno G Teodoro
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe M Dalalio
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R P Dechandt
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ieda M R Prado
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Curti
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio A Uyemura
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane C Alberici
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Tang W, Jiang YF, Ponnusamy M, Diallo M. Role of Nrf2 in chronic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:13079-13087. [PMID: 25278702 PMCID: PMC4177487 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a central regulator of antioxidative response elements-mediated gene expression. It has a significant role in adaptive responses to oxidative stress by interacting with the antioxidant response element, which induces the expression of a variety of downstream targets aimed at cytoprotection. Previous studies suggested oxidative stress and associated damage could represent a common link between different forms of diseases. Oxidative stress has been implicated in various liver diseases, including viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease and drug-induced liver injury. Nrf2 activation is initiated by oxidative or electrophilic stress, and aids in the detoxification and elimination of potentially harmful exogenous chemicals and their metabolites. The expression of Nrf2 has been observed throughout human tissue, with high expression in detoxification organs, especially the liver. Thus, Nrf2 may serve as a major regulator of several cellular defense associated pathways by which hepatic cells combat oxidative stress. We review the relevant literature concerning the crucial role of Nrf2 and its signaling pathways against oxidative stress to protect hepatic cell from oxidative damage during development of common chronic liver diseases. We also review the use of Nrf2 as a therapeutic target to prevent and treat liver diseases.
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Donadelli M, Dando I, Fiorini C, Palmieri M. UCP2, a mitochondrial protein regulated at multiple levels. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1171-90. [PMID: 23807210 PMCID: PMC11114077 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An ever-increasing number of studies highlight the role of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. The knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of UCP2 regulation is becoming fundamental in both the comprehension of UCP2-related physiological events and the identification of novel therapeutic strategies based on UCP2 modulation. The study of UCP2 regulation is a fast-moving field. Recently, several research groups have made a great effort to thoroughly understand the various molecular mechanisms at the basis of UCP2 regulation. In this review, we describe novel findings concerning events that can occur in a concerted manner at various levels: Ucp2 gene mutation (single nucleotide polymorphisms), UCP2 mRNA and protein expression (transcriptional, translational, and protein turn-over regulation), UCP2 proton conductance (ligands and post-transcriptional modifications), and nutritional and pharmacological regulation of UCP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Donadelli
- Section of Biochemistry, Deparment of Life and Reproduction Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy,
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Mollica MP, Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, De Filippo C, Cocca E, Gaita M, Della-Gatta A, Marano A, Mazzarella G, Bergamo P. c9,t11-Conjugated linoleic acid ameliorates steatosis by modulating mitochondrial uncoupling and Nrf2 pathway. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:837-49. [PMID: 24634500 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m044032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, hepatic steatosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction are key pathophysiological features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) mixture of cis9,trans11 (9,11-CLA) and trans10,cis12 (10,12-CLA) isomers enhanced the antioxidant/detoxifying mechanism via the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and improved mitochondrial function, but less is known about the actions of specific isomers. The differential ability of individual CLA isomers to modulate these pathways was explored in Wistar rats fed for 4 weeks with a lard-based high-fat diet (L) or with control diet (CD), and, within each dietary treatment, two subgroups were daily administered with 9,11-CLA or 10,12-CLA (30 mg/day). The 9,11-CLA, but not 10,12-CLA, supplementation to CD rats improves the GSH/GSSG ratio in the liver, mitochondrial functions, and Nrf2 activity. Histological examination reveals a reduction of steatosis in L-fed rats supplemented with both CLA isomers, but 9,11-CLA downregulated plasma concentrations of proinflammatory markers, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress markers in liver more efficiently than in 10,12-CLA treatment. The present study demonstrates the higher protective effect of 9,11-CLA against diet-induced pro-oxidant and proinflammatory signs and suggests that these effects are determined, at least in part, by its ability to activate the Nrf2 pathway and to improve the mitochondrial functioning and biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pina Mollica
- Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy
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