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Iaquinto G, Mazzarella G, Sellitto C, Lucariello A, Melina R, Iaquinto S, De Luca A, Rotondi Aufiero V. Antibiotic Therapy for Active Crohn's Disease Targeting Pathogens: An Overview and Update. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:151. [PMID: 38391539 PMCID: PMC10886129 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a multifactorial chronic disorder that involves a combination of factors, including genetics, immune response, and gut microbiota. Therapy includes salicylates, immunosuppressive agents, corticosteroids, and biologic drugs. International guidelines do not recommend the use of antibiotics for CD patients, except in the case of septic complications. Increasing evidence of the involvement of gut bacteria in this chronic disease supports the rationale for using antibiotics as the primary treatment for active CD. In recent decades, several pathogens have been reported to be involved in the development of CD, but only Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Mycobacterium avium paratubercolosis (MAP) have aroused interest due to their strong association with CD pathogenesis. Several meta-analyses have been published concerning antibiotic treatment for CD patients, but randomized trials testing antibiotic treatment against E. coli and MAP have not shown prolonged benefits and have generated conflicting results; several questions are still unresolved regarding trial design, antibiotic dosing, the formulation used, the treatment course, and the outcome measures. In this paper, we provide an overview and update of the trials testing antibiotic treatment for active CD patients, taking into account the role of pathogens, the mechanisms by which different antibiotics act on harmful pathogens, and antibiotic resistance. Finally, we also present new lines of study for the future regarding the use of antibiotics to treat patients with active CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Iaquinto
- Gastroenterology Unit, St. Rita Hospital, 83042 Atripalda, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzarella
- Institute of Food Sciences, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), 83100 Atripalda, Italy
- E.L.F.I.D, Department of Translational Medical Science, University "Federico II", 80147 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmine Sellitto
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy
| | - Angela Lucariello
- Department of Sport Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Melina
- Gastroenterology Unit, San G. Moscati Hospital, 83100 Atripalda, Italy
| | | | - Antonio De Luca
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Vera Rotondi Aufiero
- Institute of Food Sciences, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), 83100 Atripalda, Italy
- E.L.F.I.D, Department of Translational Medical Science, University "Federico II", 80147 Napoli, Italy
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Iaquinto G, Aufiero VR, Mazzarella G, Lucariello A, Panico L, Melina R, Iaquinto S, De Luca A, Sellitto C. Pathogens in Crohn's Disease: The Role of Adherent Invasive Escherichia coli. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2024; 34:83-99. [PMID: 38305291 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2023050088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
In Crohn's disease (CD), gut dysbiosis is marked by the prevalence of pathogenic bacterial species. Although several microbes have been reported as risk factors or causative agents of CD, it is not yet clear which is the real trigger of the disease. Thirty years ago, a new pathovar of Escherichia coli strain was isolated in the ileal mucosa of CD patients. This strain, called adherent invasive E. coli (AIEC), for its ability to invade the intestinal mucosa, could represent the causative agent of the disease. Several authors studied the mechanisms by which the AIEC penetrate and replicate within macrophages, and release inflammatory cytokines sustaining inflammation. In this review we will discuss about the role of AIEC in the pathogenesis of CD, the virulence factors mediating adhesion and invasion of AIEC in mucosal tissue, the environmental conditions improving AIEC survival and replication within macrophages. Finally, we will also give an overview of the new strategies developed to limit AIEC overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Iaquinto
- Gastroenterology Division, S. Rita Hospital, Atripalda, Avellino, Italy
| | - Vera Rotondi Aufiero
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy and Department of Translational Medical Science and E.L.F.I.D, University "Federico II" Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzarella
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy and Department of Translational Medical Science and E.L.F.I.D, University "Federico II" Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Lucariello
- Department of Sport Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope," 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Panico
- Pathological Anatomy and Histology Unit, Monaldi Hospital, Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Melina
- Department of Gastroenterology, San G. Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental Health and Physics, Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
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Camarca A, Rotondi Aufiero V, Mazzarella G. Role of Regulatory T Cells and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications in Celiac Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14434. [PMID: 37833882 PMCID: PMC10572745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is a T-cell-mediated immune disease, in which gluten-derived peptides activate lamina propria effector CD4+ T cells. While this effector T cell subset produces proinflammatory cytokines, which cause substantial tissue injury in vivo, additional subsets of T cells exist with regulatory functions (Treg). These subsets include CD4+ type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1) and CD4+ CD25+ T cells expressing the master transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) that may have important implications in disease pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about the effects of immunomodulating cytokines on CeD inflammatory status. Moreover, we outline the main Treg cell populations found in CeD and how their regulatory activity could be influenced by the intestinal microenvironment. Finally, we discuss the Treg therapeutic potential for the development of alternative strategies to the gluten-free diet (GFD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Camarca
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council—CNR, 83100 Avellino, Italy (V.R.A.)
| | - Vera Rotondi Aufiero
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council—CNR, 83100 Avellino, Italy (V.R.A.)
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzarella
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council—CNR, 83100 Avellino, Italy (V.R.A.)
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Lodi MB, Makridis A, Kazeli K, Samaras T, Angelakeris M, Mazzarella G, Fanti A. On the Evaluation of the Hyperthermic Efficiency of Magnetic Scaffolds. IEEE Open J Eng Med Biol 2023; 5:88-98. [PMID: 38487100 PMCID: PMC10939335 DOI: 10.1109/ojemb.2023.3304812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Goal: Deep-seated tumors (DST) can be treated using thermoseeds exposed to a radiofrequency magnetic field for performing local interstitial hyperthermia treatment (HT). Several research efforts were oriented to the manufacturing of novel biocompatible magnetic nanostructured thermo-seeds, called magnetic scaffolds (MagS). Several iron-doped bioceramics or magnetic polymers in various formulations are available. However, the crucial evaluation of their heating potential has been carried out with significantly different, lab specific, variable experimental conditions and protocols often ignoring the several error sources and inaccuracies estimation. Methods: This work comments and provides a perspective analysis of an experimental protocol for the estimation methodology of the specific absorption rate (SAR) of MagS for DST HT. Numerical multiphysics simultions have been performed to outline the theoretical framework. After the in silico analysis, an experimental case is considered and tested. Results: From the simulations, we found that large overestimation in the SAR values can be found, due to the axial misplacement in the radiofrequency coil, while the radial misplacement has a lower impact on the estimated SAR value. Conclusions: The averaging of multiple temperature records is needed to reliably and effectively estimate the SAR of MagS for DST HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo B. Lodi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity of Cagliari09123CagliariItaly
| | - Antonios Makridis
- Nanostructure Characterization: Technology and ApplicationsCIRI-AUTH57001ThessalonikiGreece
| | - Konstantina Kazeli
- Nanostructure Characterization: Technology and ApplicationsCIRI-AUTH57001ThessalonikiGreece
| | - Theodoros Samaras
- Nanostructure Characterization: Technology and ApplicationsCIRI-AUTH57001ThessalonikiGreece
| | - Makis Angelakeris
- Nanostructure Characterization: Technology and ApplicationsCIRI-AUTH57001ThessalonikiGreece
| | - Giuseppe Mazzarella
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity of Cagliari09123CagliariItaly
| | - Alessandro Fanti
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity of Cagliari09123CagliariItaly
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Macciò C, Melis A, Lodi MB, Garau E, Desogus F, Loddo A, Di Napoli F, Mazzarella G, Fanti A. Microwave Spectroscopy Investigation of Carasau Bread Doughs: Effects of Composition up to 8.5 GHz. Foods 2023; 12:2396. [PMID: 37372607 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carasau bread is a flat bread, typical of Sardinia (Italy). The market of this food product has a large growth potential, and its industry is experiencing a revolution, characterized by digitalization and automation. To monitor the quality of this food product at different manufacturing stages, microwave sensors and devices could be a cost-effective solution. In this framework, knowledge of the microwave response of Carasau dough is required. Thus far, the analysis of the microwave response of Carasau doughs through dielectric spectroscopy has been limited to the dynamics of fermentation. In this work, we aim to perform complex dielectric permittivity measurements up to 8.5 GHz, investigating and modeling the role of water amount, salt and yeast concentrations on the spectra of this food product. A third-order Cole-Cole model was used to interpret the microwave response of the different samples, resulting in a maximum error of 1.58% and 1.60% for the real and imaginary parts of permittivity, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis was also performed to support the microwave spectroscopy investigation. We found that dielectric properties of Carasau bread doughs strongly depend on the water content. The analysis highlighted that an increase in water quantity tends to increase the bounded water fraction at the expense of the free water fraction. In particular, the free water amount in the dough is not related to the broadening parameter γ2 of the second pole, whereas the bound water weight fraction is more evident in the γ2 and σdc parameters. An increase in electrical conductivity was observed for increasing water content. The microwave spectrum of the real part of the complex permittivity is slightly affected by composition, while large variation in the imaginary part of the complex dielectric permittivity can be identified, especially for frequencies below 4 GHz. The methodology and data proposed and reported in this work can be used to design a microwave sensor for retrieving the composition of Carasau bread doughs through their dielectric signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Macciò
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Melis
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Matteo Bruno Lodi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Emanuele Garau
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Desogus
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Loddo
- Il Vecchio Forno SUNALLE, Via Ogliastra, 10, 08023 Fonni, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Mazzarella
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fanti
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
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Maurano F, Rotondi Aufiero V, Treppiccione L, Rossi S, Luongo D, Mazzarella G, Rossi M. The HLA-DQ8 transgenic mouse: A model to study the immune and cytotoxic responses to wheat gliadin. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 179:157-171. [PMID: 37625873 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A complete understanding of celiac disease (CD) pathogenesis has been hindered to date because of the lack of adequate in vivo models. Herein, we describe two in vivo approaches in HLA-DQ8-transgenic mice to study the intrinsic cytoxicity and immune features of wheat gliadin. By adopting the first method, we explored the mucosal architecture of the small intestine following the intra-gastric administration of wheat gliadin in mice treated with indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenases. Mice showed a significant reduction of villus height, increased crypt depth and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes. The second approach involved the mucosal sensitization to gliadin via the intranasal route. This protocol induced a Th1/Th17 phenotype in mesenteric lymph nodes, as described in CD. In conclusion, these methods remain instrumental to analyze in vivo distinct biological features of wheat gliadin and related prolamins. Furthermore, the sensitization protocol could be exploited to test innovative strategies downregulating the gliadin-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mauro Rossi
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy.
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Caterino M, De Felice M, Poliero L, Mazzarella G, Pirozzi M, Facchini S, Ciardiello F, Fasano M. Is there a role for adjuvant therapy in radiation-induced angiosarcoma of the breast? A case report and review of the literature. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:4169-4174. [PMID: 37203843 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202305_32326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiosarcoma (AS) of the breast is very rare, accounting for 1% of all soft tissue breast tumors. AS may present as primary tumors of the breast or as secondary lesions usually associated with previous radiotherapy. Commonly, secondary AS affects older women (median age 67-71 years) with a clinical history of breast cancer. The preferred site of onset of RIAS is the edge of radiation fields, where radiation doses and tumor necrosis may be heterogeneous, resulting in a DNA damage and instability. Radical surgery is the treatment of choice, but no clear consensus exists on surgical management of breast AS. CASE REPORT We describe an atypical case of relapsed RIAS after radical mastectomy, treated with new surgery and, considering the higher risk of recurrence, subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy with weekly paclitaxel. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of radiation-induced angiosarcomas (RIAS) after breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy has been increased to 0.14-0.5% among long survivors. Nevertheless, even if RIAS continues to be prognostically an extremely unfavorable cancer due to a high rate of recurrence, distant spread, and median overall survival (OS) of about 60 months, the benefits of loco-regional breast radiotherapy are clearly higher than the risk in developing angiosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caterino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
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Rotondi Aufiero V, Sapone A, Mazzarella G. Diploid Wheats: Are They Less Immunogenic for Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitive Consumers? Cells 2022; 11:cells11152389. [PMID: 35954233 PMCID: PMC9368055 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) is a clinical entity induced by the ingestion of gluten that leads to intestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms, and is diagnosed when celiac disease and wheat allergy have been ruled out. In addition to gluten, other grains’ components, including amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) and fermentable short-chain carbohydrates (FODMAPs), may trigger symptoms in NCWS subjects. Several studies suggest that, compared with tetraploid and hexaploid modern wheats, ancient diploid wheats species could possess a lower immunogenicity for subjects suffering from NCWS. This review aims to discuss available evidence related to the immunological features of diploid wheats compared to common wheats, and at outlining new dietary opportunities for NCWS subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Sapone
- Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
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Mazzarella G, Iacomino G, Luca PD, Iaquinto S, Fabiana C, Troncone R, Aufiero VR. Cell-type-specific gene expression profile by laser capture microdissection on mirror sections. J Immunol Methods 2022; 505:113276. [PMID: 35476945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Immuno-laser capture microdissection (Immuno-LCM) has been used to analyze cell-specific gene expression profiles. However, the usefulness of such a technique is frequently limited by RNA degradation. We, therefore, developed a rapid protocol of LCM on mirror sections, which allows for preserving RNA integrity. With such a procedure, we investigated cell-type-specific gene expression of γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in untreated celiac disease (CD). An increase in TGF-β mRNA expression levels was observed in γδ + IELs compared to intestinal enterocytes (IEs), whereas anti-inflammatory IL-10 mRNA production from γδ + IELs was lower compared to IEs. In untreated CD patients, the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines by γδ + IELs is suggestive of a regulatory function, thus playing a critical role in limiting inflammation. This work underscores the importance of LCM on mirror sections as a valuable tool to perform cell-type-specific molecular analysis in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mazzarella
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Science and E.L.F.I.D, University "Federico II" Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale De Luca
- Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, CAP80121 (NA) Villa Comunale, Italy
| | | | - Capuano Fabiana
- Gastroenterology Department, S. G. Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- Department of Translational Medical Science and E.L.F.I.D, University "Federico II" Napoli, Italy
| | - Vera Rotondi Aufiero
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Science and E.L.F.I.D, University "Federico II" Napoli, Italy.
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Nucera S, Ruga S, Cardamone A, Coppoletta AR, Guarnieri L, Zito MC, Bosco F, Macrì R, Scarano F, Scicchitano M, Maiuolo J, Carresi C, Mollace R, Cariati L, Mazzarella G, Palma E, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Cascini GL, Mollace V. MAFLD progression contributes to altered thalamus metabolism and brain structure. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1207. [PMID: 35075185 PMCID: PMC8786899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), commonly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, represents a continuum of events characterized by excessive hepatic fat accumulation which can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and in some severe cases hepatocellular carcinoma. MAFLD might be considered as a multisystem disease that affects not only the liver but involves wider implications, relating to several organs and systems, the brain included. The present study aims to investigate changes associated with MAFLD-induced alteration of thalamic metabolism in vivo. DIAMOND (Diet-induced animal model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) mice were fed a chow diet and tap water (NC NW) or fat Western Diet (WD SW) for up to 28 weeks. At the baseline and weeks 4, 8, 20, 28 the thalamic neurochemical profile and total cerebral brain volume were evaluated longitudinally in both diet groups using 1H-MRS. To confirm the disease progression, at each time point, a subgroup of animals was sacrificed, the livers excised and placed in formalin. Liver histology was assessed and reviewed by an expert liver pathologist. MAFLD development significantly increases the thalamic levels of total N-acetylaspartate, total creatine, total choline, and taurine. Furthermore, in the WD SW group a reduction in total cerebral brain volume has been observed (p < 0.05 vs NC NW). Our results suggest that thalamic energy metabolism is affected by MAFLD progression. This metabolic imbalance, that is quantifiable by 1H-MRS in vivo, might cause structural damage to brain cells and dysfunctions of neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Cariati
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzarella
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucio Cascini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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Lodi MB, Curreli N, Zappia S, Pilia L, Casula MF, Fiorito S, Catapano I, Desogus F, Pellegrino T, Kriegel I, Crocco L, Mazzarella G, Fanti A. Influence of Magnetic Scaffold Loading Patterns on their Hyperthermic Potential against Bone Tumors. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 69:2029-2040. [PMID: 34882544 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3134208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic scaffolds have been investigated as promising tools for the interstitial hyperthermia treatment of bone cancers, to control local recurrence by enhancing radio- and chemotherapy effectiveness. The potential of magnetic scaffolds motivates the development of production strategies enabling tunability of the resulting magnetic properties. Within this framework, deposition and drop-casting of magnetic nanoparticles on suitable scaffolds offer advantages such as ease of production and high loading, although these approaches are often associated with a non-uniform final spatial distribution of nanoparticles in the biomaterial. The implications and the influences of nanoparticle distribution on the final therapeutic application have not yet been investigated thoroughly. In this work, poly-caprolactone scaffolds are magnetized by loading them with synthetic magnetic nanoparticles through a drop-casting deposition and tuned to obtain different distributions of magnetic nanoparticles in the biomaterial. The physicochemical properties of the magnetic scaffolds are analyzed. The microstructure and the morphological alterations due to the reworked drop-casting process are evaluated and correlated to static magnetic measurements. THz tomography is used as an innovative investigation technique to derive the spatial distribution of nanoparticles. Finally, multiphysics simulations are used to investigate the influence on the loading patterns on the interstitial bone tumor hyperthermia treatment.
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Rotondi Aufiero V, Di Stasio L, Maurano F, Accardo F, Ferranti P, Mamone G, Rossi M, Mazzarella G. Beneficial effects of a T. monococcum wheat cultivar on diabetes incidence evaluated in non-obese diabetic mice and after in vitro simulated gastroduodenal digestion. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 73:327-335. [PMID: 34605730 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1984403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Wheat consumption can represent one of the nutritional factors involved in the onset of diabetes. We specifically investigated the potential diabetogenic effects of Hammurabi, a T. monococcum wheat cultivar, in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and analysed the levels of resistant starch in pasta manufactured with Hammurabi after in vitro gastroduodenal digestion. NOD mice were fed with Hammurabi, bread wheat or rice flour to evaluate diabetes incidence and insulitis score. An enzymatic method was applied to compare the content of resistant starch in Hammurabi pasta and durum wheat pasta (control). In NOD mice, the Hammurabi-based diet significantly delayed diabetes onset (p = 0.0042) and reduced insulitis score compared to rice or wheat-based diet. Furthermore, the resistant starch value following in vitro digestion of Hammurabi pasta was significantly higher (4.08%) than that of durum wheat pasta (2.28%). Taken together, these results highlighted the potential positive effects of the Hammurabi-based diet on diabetes incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigia Di Stasio
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, Avellino, Italy
| | - Francesco Maurano
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, Avellino, Italy
| | - Francesca Accardo
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ferranti
- Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Mamone
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, Avellino, Italy
| | - Mauro Rossi
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, Avellino, Italy
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13
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Iacomino G, Rotondi Aufiero V, Di Stasio L, Picascia S, Iannaccone N, Giardullo N, Troncone R, Gianfrani C, Mamone G, Mazzarella G. Triticum monococcum amylase trypsin inhibitors possess a reduced potential to elicit innate immune response in celiac patients compared to Triticum aestivum. Food Res Int 2021; 145:110386. [PMID: 34112389 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Several studies reported a role of amylase/trypsin-inhibitors (ATIs) of common wheat species in promoting immune reactions. Here, we investigated in celiac disease (CD), the immunogenic properties of ATIs from diploid compared to common hexaploid wheats after an in vitro proteolytic hydrolysis. METHODS AND RESULTS ATIs purified from two lines of diploid Triticum monococcum (TM), Monlis and Norberto-ID331, and from Triticum aestivum (TA), Sagittario, were digested with pepsin-chymotrypsin (PC) enzymes and analyzed using a proteomic approach, and subsequently their immune stimulatory properties were investigated on jejunal biopsies and T-cell lines from CD patients. No significant expression of IL-8 and TNF-α were detected on biopsies cultured with ATIs from TM in comparison with ATIs from TA. No significant IFN-γ production was observed in intestinal gliadin- raised T-cells in response to ATIs from both TM and TA wheats. Proteomic results revealed that both TM ATIs showed reduced stability to proteolytic enzymes compared to TA ones. CONCLUSION TM ATIs are substantially different from those of TA, showing a reduced ability to trigger the innate immunity in CD and a higher susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefania Picascia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, Napoli, Italy; E.L.F.I.D, University "Federico II" Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Giardullo
- Gastroenterology Department, S. G. Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- Department of Translational Medical Science and E.L.F.I.D, University "Federico II" Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmen Gianfrani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNR, Napoli, Italy; E.L.F.I.D, University "Federico II" Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Mazzarella
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy; E.L.F.I.D, University "Federico II" Napoli, Italy.
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14
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Dias R, Bergamo P, Maurano F, Rotondi Aufiero V, Luongo D, Mazzarella G, Bessa-Pereira C, Pérez-Gregorio M, Rossi M, Freitas V. First morphological-level insights into the efficiency of green tea catechins and grape seed procyanidins on a transgenic mouse model of celiac disease enteropathy. Food Funct 2021; 12:5903-5912. [PMID: 34028481 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01263k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alternative or complementary treatments to a gluten-free diet are urgently needed for Celiac Disease. By exploiting the health-promoting properties of polyphenols on a transgenic mouse model of Celiac Disease enteropathy, this study provides the first in vivo evidence regarding the ability of 1 mg day-1 doses of green tea catechins and grape seed procyanidins to ameliorate some of the most characteristic histological changes of gliadin-treated DQ8 mice, including villus flattening, crypt hyperplasia, and infiltration of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Mechanistically, polyphenols were found to increase the intestinal nucleophilic tone of DQ8 mice by orchestrating an adaptive antioxidant response characterized by enhanced GSR enzyme activity and GSH content. Taken together, this work constitutes a highly relevant breakthrough as it provides the fundamental basis concerning the significance of natural polyphenols to be used in, for instance, the development of innovative functional foods aimed at CD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Dias
- QUINOA-LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paolo Bergamo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Francesco Maurano
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Diomira Luongo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Catarina Bessa-Pereira
- QUINOA-LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Pérez-Gregorio
- QUINOA-LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Mauro Rossi
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy and European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases (ELFID), Avellino, Italy
| | - Victor Freitas
- QUINOA-LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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15
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Assenza M, Ciccarone F, Iannone I, Bracchetti G, De Meis E, Santillo S, Ballanti Storace C, Mazzarella G, De Cicco ML. Elective Treatment of Large-Bowel Obstruction in Asymptomatic Sigmoid Volvulus. Clin Ter 2020; 171:e466-e470. [PMID: 33151242 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2020.2258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sigmoid volvulus is an uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction representing the 5% of all Western cases, associated with old age and a history of neurological and psychiatric condition. Generally, its diagnosis is established by clinical and radiologic findings. It often represents an emergency and it is commonly associated with pain, vomit and abdominal tenderness. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case of a 59 years old man, admitted to our emergency department, showing an abdominal X-Ray reporting a distention of large bowel,which was required due to presence of multiple diarrhea episodes during the previous 7 days. He had no significant past medical history and did not report constipation or subocclusive episode. CONCLUSIONS Volvulus should be considered in the differential diagnosis in adult and healthy patients with bowel obstructions. Surgery is, in all cases, the radical and definitive treatment since there is a higher mortality in case of recurrent volvulus. Despite the massive bowel distention, our choice was the elective open surgery. Primary anastomosis is feasible and safe and did not lead to any complications. In case of unsuccessful colonic decompression, evidence to support or refute the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic surgical resection for treatment of patients with sigmoid volvulus disease is not yet proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Assenza
- Surgical First Aid Unit, Department of Emergency Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome
| | - F Ciccarone
- Surgical First Aid Unit, Department of Emergency Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome
| | - I Iannone
- Surgical First Aid Unit, Department of Emergency Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome
| | - G Bracchetti
- Surgical First Aid Unit, Department of Emergency Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome
| | - E De Meis
- Surgical First Aid Unit, Department of Emergency Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome
| | - S Santillo
- Surgical First Aid Unit, Department of Emergency Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome
| | - C Ballanti Storace
- Surgical First Aid Unit, Department of Emergency Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome
| | - G Mazzarella
- Surgical First Aid Unit, Department of Emergency Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome
| | - M L De Cicco
- Radiology Department of Emergency Surgery, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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16
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Assenza M, Ciccarone F, Santillo S, Mazzarella G, De Meis E, Bracchetti G, Ballanti C, La Torre F. Perineal trauma with anal avulsion: case report. Clin Ter 2020; 170:e1-e6. [PMID: 31850476 DOI: 10.7417/ct.2020.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Anorectal avulsion is an exceptional rectal trauma. In this kind of lesions, the anus and the sphincter no longer join the perineum and are pulled upward. We present a case of 34-years-old patient who was admitted because of a pelvic-perineal trauma, presenting a partial anorectal avulsion, exposed femoral fracture with thigh's lacerated-contused wound. Our treatment included primary plastic of the internal anal sphincter with replanting of the rectum on the anal canal and a diverting loop sigmoid colostomy (SCS), so as to prevent sepsis. Closure of the protective SCS was performed four months after the trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Assenza
- U.O.C. Chirurgia d'Urgenza e del Trauma, U.O.D. Pronto Soccorso Chirurgico. DEA Dipartimento Emergenza ed Accettazione. Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, "SAPIENZA" Università di Roma, Italia
| | - F Ciccarone
- U.O.C. Chirurgia d'Urgenza e del Trauma, U.O.D. Pronto Soccorso Chirurgico. DEA Dipartimento Emergenza ed Accettazione. Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, "SAPIENZA" Università di Roma, Italia
| | - S Santillo
- U.O.C. Chirurgia d'Urgenza e del Trauma, U.O.D. Pronto Soccorso Chirurgico. DEA Dipartimento Emergenza ed Accettazione. Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, "SAPIENZA" Università di Roma, Italia
| | - G Mazzarella
- U.O.C. Chirurgia d'Urgenza e del Trauma, U.O.D. Pronto Soccorso Chirurgico. DEA Dipartimento Emergenza ed Accettazione. Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, "SAPIENZA" Università di Roma, Italia
| | - E De Meis
- U.O.C. Chirurgia d'Urgenza e del Trauma, U.O.D. Pronto Soccorso Chirurgico. DEA Dipartimento Emergenza ed Accettazione. Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, "SAPIENZA" Università di Roma, Italia
| | - G Bracchetti
- U.O.C. Chirurgia d'Urgenza e del Trauma, U.O.D. Pronto Soccorso Chirurgico. DEA Dipartimento Emergenza ed Accettazione. Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, "SAPIENZA" Università di Roma, Italia
| | - C Ballanti
- U.O.C. Chirurgia d'Urgenza e del Trauma, U.O.D. Pronto Soccorso Chirurgico. DEA Dipartimento Emergenza ed Accettazione. Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, "SAPIENZA" Università di Roma, Italia
| | - F La Torre
- U.O.C. Chirurgia d'Urgenza e del Trauma, U.O.D. Pronto Soccorso Chirurgico. DEA Dipartimento Emergenza ed Accettazione. Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, "SAPIENZA" Università di Roma, Italia
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17
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Maurano F, Ogita T, Luongo D, Rotondi Aufiero V, Bergamo P, Mazzarella G, Tanabe S, Rossi M. Innate immunity is a late event in the onset of gliadin-specific enteropathy in the HLA-DQ8 mice. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151903. [PMID: 31928782 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a food enteropathy that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals following the ingestion of gluten. Both gluten cytotoxicity and immunity activation play a role in CD pathogenesis; however, the chronological assessment of the different pathogenic mechanisms remains elusive. The models developed so far have only partially addressed this issue. Herein, Ab°DQ8 transgenic mice were administered wheat gliadin and indomethacin for 10 days to induce enteropathy. Gliadin-induced alteration of the small intestinal architecture was associated with increased expression of tissue transglutaminase in the lamina propria and a marked hypoxic environment. Enteropathic mice showed activation of innate immunity, featuring an increase of pro-inflammatory IFN-γ and IL-15 mRNAs, as well as CD11c+CD103+, CD11b+CD11c+, and CD11b+CD103+ dendritic cell subsets. However, the temporal assessment of examined parameters indicated that the induction of innate immunity during the generation of the mucosal lesion, occurred belatedly, highlighting a major role of gliadin intrinsic cytotoxicity in the pathogenic mechanism of this model. These results have important implications for the use of this model to test the impact of biotechnological interventions to reduce the cytotoxicity of gliadin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Maurano
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Tasuku Ogita
- Department of Biomolecular Innovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Diomira Luongo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Bergamo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Soichi Tanabe
- Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mauro Rossi
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy.
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18
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Iacomino G, Rotondi Aufiero V, Iannaccone N, Melina R, Giardullo N, De Chiara G, Venezia A, Taccone FS, Iaquinto G, Mazzarella G. IBD: Role of intestinal compartments in the mucosal immune response. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151849. [PMID: 31563276 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is a powerful tool for the isolation of specific tissue compartments. We aimed to investigate the mucosal immune response that takes place in different intestinal compartments of IBD patients, dissected by LCM, analyzing cytokines expression profile and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers. METHODS Frozen sections of gut were obtained from patients with Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and from controls. Using LCM, surface epithelium (SE) and lamina propria (LP) compartments were isolated and total RNA extracted. The relative expression of Th1, Th17 and Treg cytokines was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), in addition to the assessment of mRNA splicing of the transcription factor X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1). Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and the transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) were also analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The increased expression of IL-17 was observed in both intestinal compartments of IBD patients when compared to controls. IFN- γ, TNF-α , IL-10, HNE and Foxp3 were overexpressed in the LP compartment of both IBD patients as compared to controls. An upregulation of IFN-γ and an infiltration of HNE+ cells was found in the SE of patients with UC. Splicing of XBP1 mRNA was recognized in both intestinal compartments of IBD patients when compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS In IBD patients, both intestinal compartments are involved in Th17 response, whereas, LP compartment plays a prominent role in Th1 and Treg immune responses. Nevertheless, high level of IFN- γ was found in the SE of UC patients, suggesting that this compartment is involved in the Th1 immune response. Our data also suggested that ER stress signalling is active in both LP and SE compartment of IBD patients, thus advocating that ER stress and immunity are intertwined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raffaele Melina
- Department of Gastroenterology, San G. Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | - Nicola Giardullo
- Department of Gastroenterology, San G. Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Chiara
- Department of AnatomicPathology, San G. Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Silvio Taccone
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital, Universit e Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaetano Iaquinto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Santa Rita Hospital, Atripalda, Av, Italy
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19
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Ferramosca A, Treppiccione L, Di Giacomo M, Aufiero VR, Mazzarella G, Maurano F, Gerardi C, Rossi M, Zara V, Mita G, Bergamo P. Prunus Mahaleb Fruit Extract Prevents Chemically Induced Colitis and Enhances Mitochondrial Oxidative Metabolism via the Activation of the Nrf2 Pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900350. [PMID: 31410984 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Polyphenols exhibit their antioxidant activity downstream the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway (Nrf2), but the connection between lipid metabolism and the Nrf2 pathway is still unknown. Flavonoid-rich concentrated extract from Prunus mahaleb (mahaleb concentrated fruit extract; MCFE) may act on oxido-reductive homeostasis and hepatic lipid metabolism via Nrf2. METHODS & RESULTS MCFE ability to enhance the activity of Nrf2-mediated antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes is investigated in liver and colon of BALB/c mice. After a 4-week supplementation, macroscopic, histological, and biochemical signs of colitis are examined in mouse colon pulsed with 5% (w/v) dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Untreated or DSS-supplemented mice are used as negative or positive control. MCFE effect on liver lipid metabolism and its possible link with the Nrf2 pathway is investigated. MCFE intake increases antioxidant defenses in mice colon and its pretreatment blunts pathological signs of colitis, as compared to positive control. In the liver, the increase in antioxidant defenses is associated with enhanced oxidative metabolism and with higher levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), in comparison with negative controls. CONCLUSION Cytoprotective and hypolipidemic effect produced by MCFE intake results, at least in part, by the activation of the Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ferramosca
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Mariangela Di Giacomo
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Carmela Gerardi
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mauro Rossi
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Zara
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mita
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Paolo Bergamo
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, 83100, Avellino, Italy
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20
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Ogita T, Miyamoto J, Hirabayashi Y, Rossi M, Mazzarella G, Takahashi I, Tanabe S, Suzuki T. Analysis of hypoxia-associated dendritic cells in colitic mice and effects of probiotics on IL-10 production in inflammatory dendritic-cells under hypoxia. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:801-810. [PMID: 31965845 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse hypoxia-associated dendritic cells (DCs) in colitic mice and the effects of probiotics on interleukin (IL)-10 production in inflammatory DCs under hypoxic conditions. Extensive hypoxia was observed in the colonic mucosa of dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitic mice. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α+ DCs in colonic lamina propria (CLP) lymphocytes and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were more abundant in colitic mice than those in controls. Among three subsets of DCs, i.e. plasmacytoid DCs, conventional DCs (cDCs), and monocyte-derived DCs (mDCs), cDCs and mDCs were more abundant in CLP of colitic mice. Bone marrow-derived Flt-3L-induced DCs (Flt-DCs) but not bone marrow-derived GM-CSF-induced DCs (GM-DCs), incubated with 1% O2 exhibited an inflammatory phenotype, with higher CD86, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α expression, and lower IL-10 levels than those in Flt-DCs incubated with 21% O2. The hypoxia-induced decrease in IL-10 expression in Flt-DCs was restored by Bifidobacterium bifidum JCM 1255T promoted IL-10 expression through the p38 pathway under normoxic conditions. The anti-inflammatory effects of B. bifidum JCM 1255T in Flt-DCs were mediated through different cellular mechanisms under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. B. bifidum JCM 1255T could be used therapeutically for its anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ogita
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739- 8528, Japan.,Department of Interdisciplinary Genome Sciences and Cell Metabolism, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Inderdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Kamiina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - J Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739- 8528, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-0057, Japan
| | - Y Hirabayashi
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739- 8528, Japan
| | - M Rossi
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione, CNR, via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - G Mazzarella
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739- 8528, Japan
| | - I Takahashi
- Department of Mucosal Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - S Tanabe
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739- 8528, Japan
| | - T Suzuki
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739- 8528, Japan
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21
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Luongo D, Bonavita R, Rossi S, Rotondi Aufiero V, Feliciello NR, Maurano F, Iaquinto G, Mazzarella G, Rossi M. Tailoring the immune response to wheat gliadin by enzymatic transamidation. Cytokine 2019; 117:23-29. [PMID: 30784897 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic transamidation of wheat gliadin by microbial transglutaminase inhibits IFN-γ secretion by intestinal T cell lines from celiac disease (CD) patients. Here, we analysed its effects on intestinal biopsies from CD patients and studied the underlying mechanisms in HLA-DQ8 transgenic (tg) mice, a model of T-cell mediated gluten sensitivity. In vitro challenge with a soluble form of transamidated gliadin (spf) upregulated IL-10 transcript levels in human biopsy samples. Furthermore, the ratio of IL-10/IFN-γ transcripts was significantly increased following treatment with spf. In DQ8 tg mice, recall responses in vitro in the presence of dendritic cells pulsed with transamidated gliadin showed that gliadin-specific CD4+ T cells did not produce IFN-γ at any tested dose. On the contrary, spf-specific CD4+ T cells still secreted IFN-γ, but they also produced significant levels of IL-10 with both native and transamidated gliadin. Interestingly, this anti-inflammatory activity was restricted to a specific reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) fraction encompassing α-gliadins. These findings suggested an ability of transamidated gliadin to revert, as well as to prevent, the inflammatory phenotype triggered by native gliadin. This property was intrinsically associated with specific components of the α-gliadin fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Rossi
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Gaetano Iaquinto
- Gastroenterology Department, San G. Moscati Hospital, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Rossi
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
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22
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Nigro E, Stiuso P, Matera MG, Monaco ML, Caraglia M, Maniscalco M, Perrotta F, Mazzarella G, Daniele A, Bianco A. The anti-proliferative effects of adiponectin on human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and oxidative stress involvement. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2019; 55:25-30. [PMID: 30654148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (Acrp30) plays an important role in energy metabolism and inflammation. Recently, in vivo serum Acrp30 levels have been reported to be correlated to risk of developing several types of cancers such as lung cancer, and in vitro studies have demonstrated a role for Acrp30 in the control of cell proliferation and survival. However, the molecular effects of Acrp30 on lung cancer have not yet been clearly defined. In the present study, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of Acrp30 on the A549 human alveolar epithelial cell line, an in vitro model of lung adenocarcinoma. A549 cells were exposed to various concentrations of Acrp30 and successively, proliferation, apoptosis and oxidative stress were evaluated by MTT test, caspase activity assay, flow-cytometry and western blotting analysis. Our results demonstrated that Acrp30 causes, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, a reduction of cell viability and duplication together with an increase in cell apoptosis rate. In addition, we found that Acrp30 induces an increase of lipid peroxidation evaluated by TBARS assay and a concomitant reduction of nitric oxide release, both markers of cellular oxidative stress. Taken together, our data on A549 cells provides new insight into potential involvement of Acrp30 on physio-pathologic mechanisms of lung diseases through interference with proliferation, apoptosis and oxidative status.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nigro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy; CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, Scarl, Napoli, Italy
| | - P Stiuso
- Department of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - M G Matera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - M L Monaco
- CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, Scarl, Napoli, Italy
| | - M Caraglia
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, ICS Maugeri SpA SB, Institute of Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
| | - M Maniscalco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - F Perrotta
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - G Mazzarella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - A Daniele
- CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies, Scarl, Napoli, Italy; Department of Environmental, Biological, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
| | - A Bianco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
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23
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Belligotti E, Coniglio A, Abella A, Della Longa G, Mazzarella G, Bufacchi A, Di Renzi P. 15. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging damages evaluation using T1 values and apparent diffusion coefficient in left-sided breast cancer radiotherapy: A case report. Phys Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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24
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Rotondi Aufiero V, Fasano A, Mazzarella G. Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: How Its Gut Immune Activation and Potential Dietary Management Differ from Celiac Disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700854. [PMID: 29578652 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a clinical entity triggered by the ingestion of gluten-containing grains leading to intestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms that resolve once the gluten-containing foodstuff is eliminated from the diet, and it is diagnosed when celiac disease (CD) and wheat allergy (WA) have been ruled out. The limited knowledge about the pathophysiology of NCGS and the lack of validated biomarkers are still major limitations for clinical studies, making it difficult to differentiate NCGS from other gluten-related disorders (GRD). In the absence of clear-cut diagnostic criteria, NCGS is still mainly a diagnosis of exclusion. Several studies suggest that NCGS is an immune-mediated disease that likely activates an innate immune response. Moreover, it has recently been hypothesized that in addition to gluten, other components of wheat may be responsible for the symptoms observed in individuals without CD. This review aims at discussing available evidence related to the histological and immunological features in the gut mucosa of patients with NCGS and at outlining new dietary opportunities for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Rotondi Aufiero
- Immuno-Morphology Lab, Institute of Food Sciences, National Council Research, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, MassGeneral Hospital for Children-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114-4404, USA
| | - Giuseppe Mazzarella
- Immuno-Morphology Lab, Institute of Food Sciences, National Council Research, 83100, Avellino, Italy
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25
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Iacomino G, Aufiero VR, Marena P, Venezia A, Troncone R, Auricchio S, Mazzarella G. Laser Capture Microdissection as a Tool to Study the Mucosal Immune Response in Celiac Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1723:139-154. [PMID: 29344858 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7558-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is a powerful tool for selection and isolation of single cells or compartments from complex primary tissues to perform molecular analyses. Celiac disease is a genetic autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine. Increased intraepithelial lymphocytes and the presence of the lamina propria inflammatory infiltrate of the duodenal mucosa is a common part of the disease. These cells promote inflammatory processes through the release of cytokines. Here, we describe the use of LCM and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to analyze cytokine profile information in distinct duodenal mucosa tissue compartments of celiac patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Riccardo Troncone
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Disease, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Auricchio
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Disease, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzarella
- Institute of Food Sciences-CNR, Avellino, Italy.
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Disease, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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26
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De Pietro L, Vitiello F, Gilli M, Letizia A, Tortoriello A, Hengeller M, Mazzarella G, Bianco A, Piantedosi F. Nivolumab in non-small cell lung cancer: is there an upper age limit? Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx426.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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27
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de Blasio F, Santaniello MG, de Blasio F, Mazzarella G, Bianco A, Lionetti L, Franssen FME, Scalfi L. Raw BIA variables are predictors of muscle strength in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:1336-1340. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Mazzarella G, Perna A, Marano A, Lucariello A, Rotondi Aufiero V, Sorrentino A, Melina R, Guerra G, Taccone FS, Iaquinto G, De Luca A. Pathogenic Role of Associated Adherent-InvasiveEscherichia coliin Crohn's Disease. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2860-2868. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelica Perna
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine; Section of Human Anatomy, Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
| | - Angela Marano
- Institute of Food Sciences-CNR; Lab. Immuno-Morphology; Avellino Italy
| | - Angela Lucariello
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine; Section of Human Anatomy, Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
| | | | - Alida Sorrentino
- Institute of Food Sciences-CNR; Lab. Immuno-Morphology; Avellino Italy
| | - Raffaele Melina
- Department of Gastroenterology; San G. Moscati Hospital; Avellino Italy
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Molise; Molise Italy
| | - Fabio Silvio Taccone
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasme Hospital; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - Gaetano Iaquinto
- Division of Gastroenterology; Santa Rita Hospital; Atripalda (Av) Italy
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine; Section of Human Anatomy, Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
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29
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Marino M, Casale R, Borghini R, Di Nardi S, Donato G, Angeloni A, Moscaritolo S, Grasso L, Mazzarella G, Di Tola M, Rossi M, Picarelli A. The effects of modified versus unmodified wheat gluten administration in patients with celiac disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 47:1-8. [PMID: 28343108 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) treatment requires a gluten-free diet (GFD), although alternative approaches have been proposed. Modification of gliadin peptides using microbial transglutaminase (mTG) inhibits their ability to induce immune response in vitro. Our aim was to evaluate the safety of mTG-modified wheat flour ingestion in CD patients. Twenty-one CD patients in remission were randomized to receive mTG-modified (n=11) or unmodified (n=10) wheat flour rusks, in double-blind fashion. Monthly, patients completed a symptom questionnaire. Serum anti-tTG, EMA and creatinine levels were monitored. At baseline and after 90days, serum anti-actin antibodies (AAA) were measured and upper endoscopy was performed. Data were analyzed by non-parametric tests. 7/11 patients eating modified rusks and 7/10 patients receiving unmodified rusks completed the study. At baseline, all patients showed negative serum anti-tTG and EMA results. At the end, 2/7 (28.6%) patients ingesting modified and 4/7 (57.1%) patients taking unmodified rusks presented positive serum anti-tTG and EMA results. Creatinine results were unmodified. Moreover, 1/7 (14.3%) patients ingesting modified and 4/7 (57.1%) patients taking unmodified rusks presented villous atrophy. In patients who received unmodified rusks, the AAA levels increased significantly and duodenal anti-tTG levels appeared higher than those measured in patients who ate modified rusks. Abdominal swelling, bloating and nausea were more severe in patients ingesting unmodified rusks than those taking modified rusks. Our results may support larger clinical trials to confirm the enzymatic treatment of wheat flour as an alternative to GFD. Clinicaltrials.gov registration no: NCT02472119.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacatia Marino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Casale
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Borghini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Di Nardi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Donato
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Angeloni
- UOC DLC07 Laboratory Analysis DEA, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marco Di Tola
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Rossi
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Antonio Picarelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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Picascia S, Sidney J, Camarca A, Mazzarella G, Giardullo N, Greco L, Auricchio R, Auricchio S, Troncone R, Sette A, Gianfrani C. Gliadin-Specific CD8 + T Cell Responses Restricted by HLA Class I A*0101 and B*0801 Molecules in Celiac Disease Patients. J Immunol 2017; 198:1838-1845. [PMID: 28148736 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Initial studies associated the HLA class I A*01 and B*08 alleles with celiac disease (CD) susceptibility. Subsequent analyses showed a primary association with HLA class II alleles encoding for the HLA DQ2.5 molecule. Because of the strong linkage disequilibrium of A*01 and B*08 alleles with the DR3-DQ2.5 haplotype and a recent genome-wide association study indicating that B*08 and B*39 are predisposing genes, the etiologic role of HLA class I in CD pathogenesis needs to be addressed. We screened gliadin proteins (2α-, 2ω-, and 2γ-gliadin) using bioinformatic algorithms for the presence of peptides predicted to bind A*0101 and B*0801 molecules. The top 1% scoring 9- and 10-mer peptides (N = 97, total) were synthesized and tested in binding assays using purified A*0101 and B*0801 molecules. Twenty of ninety-seven peptides bound B*0801 and only 3 of 97 bound A*0101 with high affinity (IC50 < 500 nM). These 23 gliadin peptides were next assayed by IFN-γ ELISPOT for recognition in peripheral blood cells of CD patients and healthy controls carrying the A*0101 and/or B*0801 genes and in A*0101/B*0801- CD patients. Ten of the twenty-three peptides assayed recalled IFN-γ responses mediated by CD8+ T cells in A*0101/B*0801+ patients with CD. Two peptides were restricted by A*0101, and eight were restricted by B*0801. Of note, 50% (5/10) of CD8+ T cell epitopes mapped within the γ-gliadins. Our results highlight the value of predicted binding to HLA molecules for identifying gliadin epitopes and demonstrate that HLA class I molecules restrict the anti-gluten T cell response in CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Picascia
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry-National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - John Sidney
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92130
| | - Alessandra Camarca
- Institute of Food Sciences-National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Science and European Laboratory for Investigation and Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; and
| | | | | | - Luigi Greco
- Department of Translational Medical Science and European Laboratory for Investigation and Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; and
| | - Renata Auricchio
- Department of Translational Medical Science and European Laboratory for Investigation and Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; and
| | - Salvatore Auricchio
- Department of Translational Medical Science and European Laboratory for Investigation and Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; and
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- Department of Translational Medical Science and European Laboratory for Investigation and Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; and
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92130
| | - Carmen Gianfrani
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry-National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; .,Department of Translational Medical Science and European Laboratory for Investigation and Food-Induced Diseases, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; and
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Senger S, Sapone A, Fiorentino MR, Mazzarella G, Lauwers GY, Fasano A. Celiac Disease Histopathology Recapitulates Hedgehog Downregulation, Consistent with Wound Healing Processes Activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144634. [PMID: 26649570 PMCID: PMC4674131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In celiac disease (CD), intestinal epithelium damage occurs secondary to an immune insult and is characterized by blunting of the villi and crypt hyperplasia. Similarities between Hedgehog (Hh)/BMP4 downregulation, as reported in a mouse model, and CD histopathology, suggest mechanistic involvement of Hh/BMP4/WNT pathways in proliferation and differentiation of immature epithelial cells in the context of human intestinal homeostasis and regeneration after damage. Herein we examined the nature of intestinal crypt hyperplasia and involvement of Hh/BMP4 in CD histopathology. METHODS AND FINDINGS Immunohistochemistry, qPCR and in situ hybridization were used to study a cohort of 24 healthy controls (HC) and 24 patients with diagnosed acute celiac disease (A-CD) intestinal biopsies. In A-CD we observed an increase in cells positive for Leucin-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), an epithelial stem cell specific marker and expansion of WNT responding compartment. Further, we observed alteration in number and distribution of mesenchymal cells, predicted to be part of the intestinal stem cells niche. At the molecular level we found downregulation of indian hedgehog (IHH) and other components of the Hh pathway, but we did not observe a concurrent downregulation of BMP4. However, we observed upregulation of BMPs antagonists, gremlin 1 and gremlin 2. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that acute CD histopathology partially recapitulates the phenotype reported in Hh knockdown models. Specifically, Hh/BMP4 paradigm appears to be decoupled in CD, as the expansion of the immature cell population does not occur consequent to downregulation of BMP4. Instead, we provide evidence that upregulation of BMP antagonists play a key role in intestinal crypt hyperplasia. This study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying CD histopathology and the limitations in the use of mouse models for celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Senger
- Center for Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Celiac Program at Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anna Sapone
- Center for Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Celiac Program at Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Celiac Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maria Rosaria Fiorentino
- Center for Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Celiac Program at Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Giuseppe Mazzarella
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Avellino, 83100, Italy
| | - Gregory Y. Lauwers
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Center for Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Celiac Program at Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Iacomino G, Marano A, Stillitano I, Aufiero VR, Iaquinto G, Schettino M, Masucci A, Troncone R, Auricchio S, Mazzarella G. Celiac disease: role of intestinal compartments in the mucosal immune response. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 411:341-9. [PMID: 26541753 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Different approaches have been used to study the pattern of cytokines in celiac disease (CD). Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is a powerful tool for the isolation of specific tissue compartments. We aimed to investigate the mucosal immune response that takes place in different intestinal compartments of CD patients, dissected by LCM, analyzing cytokine expression profile. Frozen section of jejunum was obtained from 15 untreated CD and 15 control. Surface epithelium and lamina propria compartment were isolated by LCM. RNA from each LCM sample was extracted and, after a retrotranscription step, messenger RNA levels for MxA, IL-15, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17α, IL-21, IL-10, and TGF-β were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. Increased gene expression levels of MxA, IL-15, TNF-α, IL-10, and TGF-β was observed in the surface epithelium of untreated CD with respect to control. Furthermore, all the cytokines investigated were upregulated in the lamina propria of untreated CD as compared to control. Within the untreated CD group the expression of IL-15 was higher, in the surface epithelium than in the lamina propria, whereas the expression levels of IL-17 and IL-21 were higher in the lamina propria than in the surface epithelium. Finally, high levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were detected in both compartments of untreated CD biopsies. In CD, surface epithelium and lamina propria compartments, play a prominent role in determining innate and adaptive immunity, respectively. Conversely, surface epithelium and lamina propria produce high levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that both compartments are involved in the immunoregulatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Iacomino
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, via Roma 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Angela Marano
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, via Roma 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Stillitano
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, via Roma 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Gaetano Iaquinto
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Service, S. Rita Clinic, via Appia, 83042, Atripalda, Italy
| | - Michele Schettino
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Service, San G. Moscati Hospital, Contrada Amoretta, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Armando Masucci
- Department of Preventive Medicine San G. Moscati Hospital, Contrada Amoretta, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- Department of Translational Medicine-Pediatric Section, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Disease (ELFID), University of Naples "Federico II", via Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Auricchio
- Department of Translational Medicine-Pediatric Section, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Disease (ELFID), University of Naples "Federico II", via Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzarella
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, via Roma 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy. .,European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Disease (ELFID), University of Naples "Federico II", via Pansini, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a T-cell mediated immune disease in which gliadin-derived peptides activate lamina propria effector CD4+ T cells. This activation leads to the release of cytokines, compatible with a Th1-like pattern, which play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CD, controlling many aspects of the inflammatory immune response. Recent studies have shown that a novel subset of effector T cells, characterized by expression of high levels of IL-17A, termed Th17 cells, plays a pathogenic role in CD. While these effector T cell subsets produce proinflammatory cytokines, which cause substantial tissue injury in vivo in CD, recent studies have suggested the existence of additional CD4+ T cell subsets with suppressor functions. These subsets include type 1 regulatory T cells and CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells, expressing the master transcription factor Foxp3, which have important implications for disease progression.
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34
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Gianfrani C, Camarca A, Mazzarella G, Di Stasio L, Giardullo N, Ferranti P, Picariello G, Rotondi Aufiero V, Picascia S, Troncone R, Pogna N, Auricchio S, Mamone G. Extensive in vitro gastrointestinal digestion markedly reduces the immune-toxicity of Triticum monococcum wheat: implication for celiac disease. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1844-54. [PMID: 26016626 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The ancient diploid Triticum monococcum is of special interest as a candidate low-toxic wheat species for celiac disease patients. Here, we investigated how an in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion, affected the immune toxic properties of gliadin from diploid compared to hexaploid wheat. METHODS AND RESULTS Gliadins from Triticum monococcum, and Triticum aestivum cultivars were digested using either a partial proteolysis with pepsin-chymotrypsin, or an extensive degradation that used gastrointestinal enzymes including the brush border membrane enzymes. The immune stimulatory properties of the digested samples were investigated on T-cell lines and jejunal biopsies from celiac disease patients. The T-cell response profile to the Triticum monococcum gliadin was comparable to that obtained with Triticum aestivum gliadin after the partial pepsin-chymotrypsin digestion. In contrast, the extensive gastrointestinal hydrolysis drastically reduced the immune stimulatory properties of Triticum monococcum gliadin. MS-based analysis showed that several Triticum monococcum peptides, including known T-cell epitopes, were degraded during the gastrointestinal treatment, whereas many of Triticum aestivum gliadin survived the gastrointestinal digestion. CONCLUSION The pattern of Triticum monococcum gliadin proteins is sufficiently different from those of common hexaploid wheat to determine a lower toxicity in celiac disease patients following in vitro simulation of human digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gianfrani
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy.,Institute of Biochemistry Protein, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Nicola Giardullo
- Gastroenterology Department, S. G. Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ferranti
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, Avellino, Italy.,Department of Agricultural, University "Federico II" Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Riccardo Troncone
- Department of Translational Medical Science and E.L.F.I.D, University "Federico II" Napoli, Italy
| | - Norberto Pogna
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Roma, Italy
| | - Salvatore Auricchio
- Department of Translational Medical Science and E.L.F.I.D, University "Federico II" Napoli, Italy
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Nigro E, Imperlini E, Scudiero O, Monaco ML, Polito R, Mazzarella G, Orrù S, Bianco A, Daniele A. Differentially expressed and activated proteins associated with non small cell lung cancer tissues. Respir Res 2015; 16:74. [PMID: 26104294 PMCID: PMC4487583 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is a leading cause of mortality. The most common cancer subtype, non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounts for 85-90 % all cases and is mainly caused by environmental and genetic factors. Mechanisms involved in lung carcinogenesis include deregulation of several kinases and molecular pathways affecting cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Despite advances in lung cancer detection, diagnosis and staging, survival rate still remains poor and novel biomarkers for both diagnosis and therapy need to be identified. In the present study, we have explored the potential of novel specific biomarkers in the diagnosis of NSCLC, and the over-expression/activation of several kinases involved in disease development and progression. Method Lung tumor tissue specimens and adjacent cancer-free tissues from 8 NSCLC patients undergoing surgery were collected. The differential activation status of ERK1/2, AKT and IKBα/NF-κβ was analyzed. Subsequently, protein expression profile of NSCLC vs normal surrounding tissue was compared by a proteomic approach using LC-MS MS. Subsequently, MS/MS outputs were analyzed by the Protein Discoverer platform for label-free quantitation analysis. Finally, results were confirmed by western blotting analysis. Results This study confirms the involvement of ERK1/2, AKT, IKBα and NF-κβ proteins in NSCLC demonstrating a significant over-activation of all tested proteins. Furthermore, we found significant differential expression of 20 proteins (Rsc ≥ 1.50 or ≤ −1.50) of which 7 are under-expressed and 13 over-expressed in NSCLC lung tissues. Finally, we validated, by western blotting, the two most under-expressed NSCLC tissue proteins, carbonic anhydrase I and II isoforms. Conclusion Our data further support the possibility of developing both diagnostic tests and innovative targeted therapy in NSCLC. In addition to selective inhibitors of ERK1/2, AKT, IKBα and NF-κβ, as therapeutic options, our data, for the first time, indicates carbonic anhydrase I and II as attractive targets for development of diagnostic tools enabling selection of patients for a more specific therapy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nigro
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - E Imperlini
- IRCCS SDN, Via E. Gianturco 113, 80142, Naples, Italy.,Present address: CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - O Scudiero
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - M L Monaco
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - R Polito
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | - G Mazzarella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio-Toraciche e Respiratorie, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via L. Bianchi, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - S Orrù
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università di Napoli Parthenope, Via Amm. F. Acton 38, 80133, Naples, Italy
| | - A Bianco
- Cattedra di Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze per la Salute "V Tiberio", Università del Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - A Daniele
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145, Naples, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
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Catassi C, Elli L, Bonaz B, Bouma G, Carroccio A, Castillejo G, Cellier C, Cristofori F, de Magistris L, Dolinsek J, Dieterich W, Francavilla R, Hadjivassiliou M, Holtmeier W, Körner U, Leffler DA, Lundin KEA, Mazzarella G, Mulder CJ, Pellegrini N, Rostami K, Sanders D, Skodje GI, Schuppan D, Ullrich R, Volta U, Williams M, Zevallos VF, Zopf Y, Fasano A. Diagnosis of Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS): The Salerno Experts' Criteria. Nutrients 2015; 7:4966-77. [PMID: 26096570 PMCID: PMC4488826 DOI: 10.3390/nu7064966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS) is a syndrome characterized by intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms related to the ingestion of gluten-containing food, in subjects that are not affected by either celiac disease or wheat allergy. Given the lack of a NCGS biomarker, there is the need for standardizing the procedure leading to the diagnosis confirmation. In this paper we report experts’ recommendations on how the diagnostic protocol should be performed for the confirmation of NCGS. A full diagnostic procedure should assess the clinical response to the gluten-free diet (GFD) and measure the effect of a gluten challenge after a period of treatment with the GFD. The clinical evaluation is performed using a self-administered instrument incorporating a modified version of the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale. The patient identifies one to three main symptoms that are quantitatively assessed using a Numerical Rating Scale with a score ranging from 1 to 10. The double-blind placebo-controlled gluten challenge (8 g/day) includes a one-week challenge followed by a one-week washout of strict GFD and by the crossover to the second one-week challenge. The vehicle should contain cooked, homogeneously distributed gluten. At least a variation of 30% of one to three main symptoms between the gluten and the placebo challenge should be detected to discriminate a positive from a negative result. The guidelines provided in this paper will help the clinician to reach a firm and positive diagnosis of NCGS and facilitate the comparisons of different studies, if adopted internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Catassi
- Department of Pediatrics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60123 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Luca Elli
- Centre for the Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease/Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy.
| | - Bruno Bonaz
- Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-Gastroenterologie, CHU de Grenoble, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 09, France.
| | - Gerd Bouma
- Department of Gastroenterology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Antonio Carroccio
- Department of Internal Medicine, "Giovanni Paolo II" Hospital, Sciacca (AG) and University of Palermo, Sciacca 92019, Italy.
| | - Gemma Castillejo
- Paediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, 43201 Reus, Spain.
| | - Christophe Cellier
- Service d'Hépato-gastro-entérologie et Endoscopie Digestive, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Fernanda Cristofori
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Laura de Magistris
- Department of Internal and Experimental Medicine Magrassi-Lanzara, Second University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Jernej Dolinsek
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia.
| | | | - Ruggiero Francavilla
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Marios Hadjivassiliou
- Academic Department of Neurosciences and University of Sheffield, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK.
| | - Wolfgang Holtmeier
- Division of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Porz am Rhein, Köln 51149, Germany.
| | - Ute Körner
- Practice of Nutrition Therapy Allergology and Gastroenterology, Köln 50935, Germany.
| | - Dan A Leffler
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- Seksjon for Gastromedisin, Avdeling for Transplantasjonsmedisin, OUS Rikshospitalet Senter for Immunregulering, Oslo University, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Giuseppe Mazzarella
- Institute of Food Sciences-CNR, Lab. Immuno-Morphology, 83100 Avellino, Italy.
| | - Chris J Mulder
- Department of Gastroenterology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Kamran Rostami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alexandra Hospital, Redditch B98 7UB, UK.
| | - David Sanders
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital and University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK.
| | - Gry Irene Skodje
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway,.
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Reiner Ullrich
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Umberto Volta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Bologna, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Victor F Zevallos
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Medical Clinic 1, University of Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mass General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Contaldo F, Mazzarella G, Santarpia L, Marra M, Pasanisi F, Pizzuti R. Influence of urbanization on childhood obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:615-616. [PMID: 25921844 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Contaldo
- Interuniversity Center for Obesity and Eating Disorders, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - G Mazzarella
- Osservatorio Epidemiologico, Regione Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - L Santarpia
- Interuniversity Center for Obesity and Eating Disorders, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - M Marra
- Interuniversity Center for Obesity and Eating Disorders, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - F Pasanisi
- Interuniversity Center for Obesity and Eating Disorders, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - R Pizzuti
- Osservatorio Epidemiologico, Regione Campania, Naples, Italy
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Iaquinto G, Marano A, Perna A, Rotondi Aufiero V, Mazzarella G, De Luca A. Mechanisms of Alteration of Epithelial Cell by Associated Adherent‐Invasive E. coli. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.854.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angelica Perna
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive MedicineSection of Human Anatomy Second University of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | | | | | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive MedicineSection of Human Anatomy Second University of NaplesNaplesItaly
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39
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Calabrese C, Tosco A, Abete P, Carnovale V, Basile C, Magliocca A, Quattrucci S, De Sanctis S, Alatri F, Mazzarella G, De Pietro L, Turino C, Melillo E, Buonpensiero P, Di Pasqua A, Raia V. Randomized, single blind, controlled trial of inhaled glutathione vs placebo in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2015; 14:203-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Ogita T, Bergamo P, Maurano F, D'Arienzo R, Mazzarella G, Bozzella G, Luongo D, Sashihara T, Suzuki T, Tanabe S, Rossi M. Modulatory activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus OLL2838 in a mouse model of intestinal immunopathology. Immunobiology 2015; 220:701-10. [PMID: 25623030 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota and probiotic strains play an important role in oral tolerance by modulating regulatory and effector cell components of the immune system. We have previously described the ability of Lactobacilli to influence both the innate and adaptive immunity to wheat gluten, a food antigen, in mouse. In this study, we further explored the immunomodulatory mechanisms elicited in this model by testing three specific probiotic strains, namely L. rhamnosus OLL2838, B. infantis ATCC15697 and S. thermophilus Sfi39. In vitro analysis showed the all tested strains induced maturation of bone marrow derived dendritic cells (DCs). However, only L. rhamnosus induced appreciable levels of IL-10 and nitric oxide productions, whereas S. thermophilus essentially elicited IL-12 and TNF-α. The anti-inflammatory ability of OLL2838 was then tested in vivo by adopting mice that develop a gluten-specific enteropathy. This model is characterized by villus blunting, crypt hyperplasia, high levels of intestinal IFN-γ, increased cell apoptosis in lamina propria, and reduced intestinal total glutathione (GSHtot) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. We found that, following administration of OLL2838, GSHtot and GST activity were enhanced, whereas caspase-3 activity was reduced. On the contrary, this probiotic strain failed in recovering the normal histology and further increased intestinal IFN-γ. Confocal microscopy revealed the inability of the probiotic strain to appropriately interact with enterocytes of the small intestine and with Peyer's patches in treated mice. In conclusion, these data highlighted the potential of L. rhamnosus OLL2838 to recover specific toxicity parameters induced by gluten in enteropathic mice through mechanisms that involve induction of low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Ogita
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Food Research Institute Food Function Division, Functional Food Factor Laboratory, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Paolo Bergamo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Francesco Maurano
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Rossana D'Arienzo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | | | | | - Diomira Luongo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Takuya Suzuki
- Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Soichi Tanabe
- Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mauro Rossi
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy.
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41
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Catanzano O, Straccia M, Miro A, Ungaro F, Romano I, Mazzarella G, Santagata G, Quaglia F, Laurienzo P, Malinconico M. Spray-by-spray in situ cross-linking alginate hydrogels delivering a tea tree oil microemulsion. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 66:20-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Mazzarella G, Bergamo P, Maurano F, Luongo D, Rotondi Aufiero V, Bozzella G, Palmieri G, Troncone R, Auricchio S, David C, Rossi M. Gliadin intake alters the small intestinal mucosa in indomethacin-treated HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G302-12. [PMID: 24924747 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00002.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an enteropathy caused by the ingestion of wheat gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. A complete understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms in CD has been hindered because of the lack of adequate in vivo models. In the present study, we explored the events after the intragastric administration of gliadin and of the albumin/globulin fraction from wheat in human leukocyte antigen-DQ8 transgenic mice (DQ8 mice) treated with indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenases (COXs). After 10 days of treatment, mice showed a significant reduction of villus height, increased crypt depth, increased number of lamina propria-activated macrophages, and high basal interferon-γ secretion in mesenteric lymph nodes, all of which were specifically related to gliadin intake, whereas the albumin/globulin fraction of wheat was unable to induce similar changes. Cotreatment with NS-398, a specific inhibitor of COX-2, also induced the intestinal lesion. Enteropathy onset was further characterized by high levels of oxidative stress markers, similar to CD. Biochemical assessment of the small intestine revealed the specific activation of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, high caspase-3 activity, and a significant increase of tissue transglutaminase protein levels associated with the intestinal lesion. Notably, after 30 days of treatment, enteropathic mice developed serum antibodies toward gliadin (IgA) and tissue transglutaminase (IgG). We concluded that gliadin intake in combination with COX inhibition caused a basal inflammatory status and an oxidative stress condition in the small intestine of DQ8 mice, thus triggering the mucosal lesion and, subsequently, an antigen-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Bergamo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Francesco Maurano
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Diomira Luongo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | | | | | - Gianna Palmieri
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- European Laboratory for Investigation of Food Induced Diseases and Department of Pediatrics, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy; and
| | - Salvatore Auricchio
- European Laboratory for Investigation of Food Induced Diseases and Department of Pediatrics, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy; and
| | - Chella David
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mauro Rossi
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy;
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Mollica MP, Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, De Filippo C, Cocca E, Gaita M, Della-Gatta A, Marano A, Mazzarella G, Bergamo P. c9,t11-Conjugated linoleic acid ameliorates steatosis by modulating mitochondrial uncoupling and Nrf2 pathway. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:837-49. [PMID: 24634500 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m044032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, hepatic steatosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction are key pathophysiological features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) mixture of cis9,trans11 (9,11-CLA) and trans10,cis12 (10,12-CLA) isomers enhanced the antioxidant/detoxifying mechanism via the activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and improved mitochondrial function, but less is known about the actions of specific isomers. The differential ability of individual CLA isomers to modulate these pathways was explored in Wistar rats fed for 4 weeks with a lard-based high-fat diet (L) or with control diet (CD), and, within each dietary treatment, two subgroups were daily administered with 9,11-CLA or 10,12-CLA (30 mg/day). The 9,11-CLA, but not 10,12-CLA, supplementation to CD rats improves the GSH/GSSG ratio in the liver, mitochondrial functions, and Nrf2 activity. Histological examination reveals a reduction of steatosis in L-fed rats supplemented with both CLA isomers, but 9,11-CLA downregulated plasma concentrations of proinflammatory markers, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress markers in liver more efficiently than in 10,12-CLA treatment. The present study demonstrates the higher protective effect of 9,11-CLA against diet-induced pro-oxidant and proinflammatory signs and suggests that these effects are determined, at least in part, by its ability to activate the Nrf2 pathway and to improve the mitochondrial functioning and biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pina Mollica
- Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II," Napoli, Italy
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Iaquinto G, Giardullo N, Aufiero VR, Preziuso M, Bevilacqua RM, Mazzarella G. IMMUNOGENICITY OF MONOCOCCUM WHEAT IN CELIAC PATIENTS. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.615.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Iaquinto
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy ServiceSan G. Moscati HospitalAvellinoItaly
| | - Nicola Giardullo
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy ServiceSan G. Moscati HospitalAvellinoItaly
| | | | | | - Rosa Maria Bevilacqua
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy ServiceSan G. Moscati HospitalAvellinoItaly
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Iaquinto G, Lombardi E, Bergamo P, Maurano F, Bozzella G, Luongo D, Mazzarella G, Aufiero VR, Rossi M. SELECTIVE INHIBITION OF GLIADIN IMMUNE REACTIVITY BY TRANSAMIDATION OF WHEAT FLOUR WITH MICROBIAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.645.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Iaquinto
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy ServiceSan G. Moscati HospitalAvellinoItaly
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mauro Rossi
- ImmunobiologyNational Council researchAvellinoItaly
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Iaquinto G, Aufiero VR, Preziuso M, Marano A, Stillitano I, Giardullo N, Bevilacqua RM, Iacomino P, Mazzarella G. CYTOKINE PROFILE IN CELIAC DISEASE: A LASER CAPTURE MICRODISSECTION APPROACH. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.645.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Iaquinto
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy ServiceSan G. Moscati HospitalAvellinoItaly
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicola Giardullo
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy ServiceSan G. Moscati HospitalAvellinoItaly
| | - Rosa Maria Bevilacqua
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy ServiceSan G. Moscati HospitalAvellinoItaly
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Mamone G, Camarca A, Fierro O, Sidney J, Mazzarella G, Addeo F, Auricchio S, Troncone R, Sette A, Gianfrani C. Immunogenic peptides can be detected in whole gluten by transamidating highly susceptible glutamine residues: implication in the search for gluten-free cereals. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:747-754. [PMID: 23244345 DOI: 10.1021/jf3040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) plays a central role in celiac disease (CD) pathogenesis by strongly enhancing the immunogenicity of gluten, the CD-triggering antigen. By deamidating specific glutamine (Q) residues, TG2 favors the binding of gluten peptides to DQ2/8 molecules and, subsequently, their recognition by cognate T cells. Six peptides were previously identified within wheat gliadin whole extracts by tagging the TG2-susceptible Q residues with monodansylcadaverine (MDC) and nanospray tandem mass spectrometry (nanoESI-MS/MS). The immunogenicity of these peptides was next tested in gliadin-specific T-cell lines established from CD intestinal mucosa. Four peptides, corresponding to known epitopes of α- and γ-gliadins, induced cell proliferation and interferon (IFN)-γ production. Interestingly, one of the two non-T-cell stimulatory peptides corresponded to the 31-49 α-gliadin peptide implicated in the innate immune activation in CD mucosa. This study describes a strategy for identifying immunogenic gluten peptides potentially relevant for CD pathogenesis in protein extracts from wheat and other edible cereals.
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48
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Gianfrani C, Maglio M, Rotondi Aufiero V, Camarca A, Vocca I, Iaquinto G, Giardullo N, Pogna N, Troncone R, Auricchio S, Mazzarella G. Immunogenicity of monococcum wheat in celiac patients. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96:1339-45. [PMID: 23134879 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research is intense to find wheat of low or null toxicity for patients with celiac disease (CD). Among candidates, there are diploid wheat species. OBJECTIVE We compared the immunological properties of 2 lines of diploid monococcum wheat (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum), Monlis and ID331, with those of common wheat (Triticum aestivum). DESIGN Interferon-γ production and the proliferation of intestinal gliadin-specific T cell lines and clones were measured as evidence of T cell activation by peptic and tryptic (PT) digests of gliadins from 2 monococcum lines. Furthermore, organ cultures of jejunal biopsies from 28 CD patients were set up to assess the effects of PT gliadin on innate and adaptive immune response by using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Monlis and ID331 induced interferon-γ production and proliferation in celiac mucosal T cells. In organ cultures, Monlis PT digest induced a significant increase of IL-15 epithelial expression and crypt enterocyte proliferation, whereas ID331 had no effect. Both monococcum lines caused intraepithelial T cell infiltration and lamina propria T cell activation. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that the monococcum lines Monlis and ID331 activate the CD T cell response and suggest that these lines are toxic for celiac patients. However, ID331 is likely to be less effective in inducing CD because of its inability to activate the innate immune pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gianfrani
- Institute of Food Sciences, Immunobiology, National Council Research, Avellino, Italy
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Esposito V, Lucariello A, Savarese L, Cinelli MP, Ferraraccio F, Bianco A, De Luca A, Mazzarella G. Morphology changes in human lung epithelial cells after exposure to diesel exhaust micron sub particles (PM₁.₀) and pollen allergens. Environ Pollut 2012; 171:162-167. [PMID: 22922455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the recent literature there has been an increased interest in the effects of particulate matter on the respiratory tract. The objective of this study was to use an in vitro model of type II lung epithelium (A549) to evaluate the cell ability to take up sub-micron PM(1.0) particles (PM(1.0)), Parietaria officinalis (ALL), and PM(1.0) + ALL together. Morphological analysis performed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) showed that PM and ALL interacted with the cell surface, then penetrating into the cytoplasm. Each single treatment was able to point out a specific change in the morphology. The cells treated appear healthy and not apoptotic. The main effect was the increase of: multilamellar bodies, lysosomal enzymes, microvilli, and presence of vesicle/vacuoles containing particles. These observations demonstrate morphological and functional alterations related to the PM(1.0) and P. officinalis and confirm the induction of the inflammatory response in lung cells exposed to the inhalable particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Esposito
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Section of Human Anatomy, Second University of Naples, Italy
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Lombardi E, Bergamo P, Maurano F, Bozzella G, Luongo D, Mazzarella G, Rotondi Aufiero V, Iaquinto G, Rossi M. Selective inhibition of the gliadin-specific, cell-mediated immune response by transamidation with microbial transglutaminase. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 93:479-88. [PMID: 23108099 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0412182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD is an immune-mediated enteropathy caused by the ingestion of wheat gluten. The modification of gluten by intestinal tTGase plays a crucial role in CD pathogenesis. In this study, we observed that extensive transamidation of wheat flour with K-C2H5 by mTGase yielded spf and K-gliadins fractions. By Western blot, we found that these modifications were associated with strongly reduced immune cross-reactivity. With the use of DQ8 tg mice as a model of gluten sensitivity, we observed a dramatic reduction in IFNγ production in gliadin-specific spleen cells challenged with spf and K-gliadins in vitro (n=12; median values: 813 vs. 29 and 99; control vs. spf and K-gliadins, P=0.012 for spf, and P=0.003 for K-gliadins). For spf, we also observed an increase in the IL-10/IFNγ protein ratio (n=12; median values: 0.3 vs. 4.7; control vs. spf, P=0.005). In intestinal biopsies from CD patients challenged in vitro with gliadins (n=10), we demonstrated further that K-gliadins dramatically reduced the levels of antigen-specific IFNγ mRNA in all specimens responsive to native gliadins (four of 10; P<0.05). As cytotoxic effects have been described for gliadins, we also studied GST and caspase-3 activities using the enterocytic Caco-2 cell line. We found that neither activities were modified by flour transamidation. Our results indicate that K-C2H5 cross-linking via mTGase specifically affects gliadin immunogenicity, reversing the inducible inflammatory response in models of gluten sensitivity without affecting other aspects of the biological activity of gliadins.
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