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Gliozzi M, Coppoletta AR, Cardamone A, Musolino V, Carresi C, Nucera S, Ruga S, Scarano F, Bosco F, Guarnieri L, Macrì R, Mollace R, Belzung C, Mollace V. The dangerous "West Coast Swing" by hyperglycaemia and chronic stress in the mouse hippocampus: Role of kynurenine catabolism. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107087. [PMID: 38301816 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Growing epidemiological studies highlight a bi-directional relationship between depressive symptoms and diabetes mellitus. However, the detrimental impact of their co-existence on mental health suggests the need to treat this comorbidity as a separate entity rather than the two different pathologies. Herein, we characterized the peculiar mechanisms activated in mouse hippocampus from the concurrent development of hyperglycaemia, characterizing the different diabetes subtypes, and chronic stress, recognized as a possible factor predisposing to major depression. Our work demonstrates that kynurenine overproduction, leading to apoptosis in the hippocampus, is triggered in a different way depending on hyperglycaemia or chronic stress. Indeed, in the former, kynurenine appears produced by infiltered macrophages whereas, in the latter, peripheral kynurenine preferentially promotes resident microglia activation. In this scenario, QA, derived from kynurenine catabolism, appears a key mediator causing glutamatergic synapse dysfunction and apoptosis, thus contributing to brain atrophy. We demonstrated that the coexistence of hyperglycaemia and chronic stress worsened hippocampal damage through alternative mechanisms, such as GLUT-4 and BDNF down-expression, denoting mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis on one hand and evoking the compromission of neurogenesis on the other. Overall, in the degeneration of neurovascular unit, hyperglycaemia and chronic stress interacted each other as the partners of a "West Coast Swing" in which the leading role can be assumed alternatively by each partner of the dance. The comprehension of these mechanisms can open novel perspectives in the management of diabetic/depressed patients, but also in the understanding the pathogenesis of other neurodegenerative disease characterized by the compromission of hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Catherine Belzung
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Inserm, Université de Tours, CEDEX 1, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Caminiti R, Serra M, Nucera S, Ruga S, Oppedisano F, Scarano F, Macrì R, Muscoli C, Palma E, Musolino V, Statti G, Mollace V, Maiuolo J. Antioxidant Activity and Seasonal Variations in the Composition of Insoluble Fiber from the Cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller: Development of New Extraction Procedures to Improve Fiber Yield. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:544. [PMID: 38498558 PMCID: PMC10892137 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller is a plant belonging to the Cactaceae family adapted to live in environments characterized by long periods of drought and arid or desert climates. This plant is characterized by an aerial part composed of structures transformed by branches, called "cladodes", which are essential to reduce excessive perspiration of water and appear covered with thorns. The composition of the cladodes includes water, polysaccharides, fiber, proteins, vitamins, fatty acids, sterols, polyphenols, and minerals. The main purposes of this scientific work are (a) to compare the insoluble fiber (IF) extracted from the cladodes of O. ficus-indica belonging to the same plant but collected in different seasonal periods (winter and summer) and develop new extraction protocols that are able to improve the yield obtained and (b) evaluate the antioxidant potential of the fiber and study possible variations as a result of the extraction protocol chosen. The first objective was achieved (1) by measuring the amount of IF extracted from cladodes harvested in winter and summer (CW and CS, respectively) and (2) by modifying three variables involved in the fiber extraction protocol. To achieve the second objective, the following experiments were carried out: (1) measurement of the antioxidant potential of IF in CW and CS; (2) measurement of cellular reactive oxygen species; (3) measurement of the activity of some antioxidant enzymes; and (4) comparison of the polyphenol content in CW and CS. In conclusion, the results obtained showed that the IF extraction process can be improved, achieving a uniform yield regardless of seasonality; the antioxidant effect may vary depending on the extraction protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Caminiti
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Serra
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Laboratoy of Pharmaceutical Biology, IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo Statti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87100 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Fondazione R. Dulbecco, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Laboratoy of Pharmaceutical Biology, IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
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Bava R, Lupia C, Castagna F, Ruga S, Nucera S, Caminiti R, Bulotta RM, Naccari C, Carresi C, Musolino V, Statti G, Britti D, Mollace V, Palma E. Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction for the Control of Flupyradifurone-Induced Poisoning in Honeybees. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:608. [PMID: 38396576 PMCID: PMC10886160 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Flupyradifurone (FLU) is a butenolide insecticide that has come onto the market relatively recently. It is used in agriculture to control aphids, psyllids, and whiteflies. Toxicity studies have decreed its low toxicity to honeybees. However, recent research has challenged these claims; oral exposure to the pesticide can lead to behavioral abnormalities and in the worst cases, lethal phenomena. Compounds with antioxidant activity, such as flavonoids and polyphenols, have been shown to protect against the toxic effects of pesticides. The aim of this research was to evaluate the possible protective effect of the bergamot polyphenolic fraction (BPF) against behavioral abnormalities and lethality induced by toxic doses of FLU orally administered to honeybees under laboratory conditions. Honeybees were assigned to experimental groups in which two toxic doses of FLU, 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L were administered. In other replicates, three doses (1, 2 and 5 mg/kg) of the bergamot polyphenolic fraction (BPF) were added to the above toxic doses. In the experimental groups intoxicated with FLU at the highest dose tested, all caged subjects (20 individuals) died within the second day of administration. The survival probability of the groups to which the BPF was added was compared to that of the groups to which only the toxic doses of FLU were administered. The mortality rate in the BPF groups was statistically lower (p < 0.05) than in the intoxicated groups; in addition, a lower percentage of individuals exhibited behavioral abnormalities. According to this research, the ingestion of the BPF attenuates the harmful effects of FLU. Further studies are needed before proposing BPF incorporation into the honeybees' diet, but there already seem to be beneficial effects associated with its intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bava
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Carmine Lupia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
- Mediterranean Ethnobotanical Conservatory, 88054 Sersale, Italy
| | - Fabio Castagna
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
- Mediterranean Ethnobotanical Conservatory, 88054 Sersale, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Rosamaria Caminiti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Rosa Maria Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Clara Naccari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Giancarlo Statti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
- Center for Pharmacological Research, Food Safety, High Tech and Health (IRC-FSH), University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (V.M.); (E.P.)
- Center for Pharmacological Research, Food Safety, High Tech and Health (IRC-FSH), University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Castagna F, Bava R, Palma E, Morittu V, Spina A, Ceniti C, Lupia C, Cringoli G, Rinaldi L, Bosco A, Ruga S, Britti D, Musella V. Effect of pomegranate ( Punica granatum) anthelmintic treatment on milk production in dairy sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1347151. [PMID: 38384955 PMCID: PMC10879392 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1347151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthelmintic drug resistance has proliferated across Europe in sheep gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs). Sheep welfare and health are adversely impacted by these phenomena, which also have an impact on productivity. Finding alternatives for controlling GINs in sheep is thus of utmost importance. In this study, the anthelmintic effectiveness (AE) of a Calabrian ethnoveterinary aqueous macerate based on Punica granatum (whole fruits) was assessed in Comisana pregnant sheep. Furthermore, an examination, both qualitative and quantitative, was conducted on milk. Forty-five sheep were selected for the investigation. The sheep were divided by age, weight, physiological state (pluripara at 20 days before parturition), and eggs per gram of feces (EPG) into three homogeneous groups of 15 animals each: PG received a single oral dosage of P. granatum macerate at a rate of 50 mL per sheep; AG, treated with albendazole, was administered orally at 3.75 mg/kg/bw; and CG received no treatment. Timelines were as follows: D0, treatments, group assignment, fecal sampling, and AE assessment; D7, D14, D21, fecal sampling, and AE evaluation. The FLOTAC technique was used to evaluate the individual GIN fecal egg count (FEC) using a sodium chloride flotation solution (specific gravity = 1.20) and 100 × (1-[T2/C2]) as the formula for evaluating FEC reduction. Following the lambs' weaning, milk was collected on the following days (DL) in order to quantify production: DL35, DL42, DL49, DL56, DL63, DL70, DL77, and DL84. The amount of milk produced by every animal was measured and reported in milliliters (ml) for quantitative evaluations. Using MilkoScan TM fT + foss electric, Denmark, the quality of the milk (casein, lactose, protein concentration, and fat, expressed as a percentage) was assessed. The macerate demonstrated a considerable AE (51.8%). Moreover, its use has resulted in higher milk production rates quantitatively (15.5%) and qualitatively (5.12% protein, 4.12% casein, 4.21% lactose, and 8.18% fat). The study showed that green veterinary pharmacology could be the easiest future approach to counteracting anthelmintic resistance in sheep husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Castagna
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
- Mediterranean Ethnobotanical Conservatory, Sersale (CZ), Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberto Bava
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FISH), University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Morittu
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonella Spina
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carlotta Ceniti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmine Lupia
- Mediterranean Ethnobotanical Conservatory, Sersale (CZ), Catanzaro, Italy
- National Ethnobotanical Conservatory, Castelluccio Superiore, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cringoli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Bosco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center Veterinary Service for Human and Animal Health (CISVet-SUA), University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center Veterinary Service for Human and Animal Health (CISVet-SUA), University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
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Caminiti R, Carresi C, Mollace R, Macrì R, Scarano F, Oppedisano F, Maiuolo J, Serra M, Ruga S, Nucera S, Tavernese A, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Palma E, Muscoli C, Rubattu S, Volterrani M, Federici M, Volpe M, Mollace V. The potential effect of natural antioxidants on endothelial dysfunction associated with arterial hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1345218. [PMID: 38370153 PMCID: PMC10869541 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1345218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension represents a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the identification of effective solutions for treating the early stages of elevated blood pressure (BP) is still a relevant issue for cardiovascular risk prevention. The pathophysiological basis for the occurrence of elevated BP and the onset of arterial hypertension have been widely studied in recent years. In addition, consistent progress in the development of novel, powerful, antihypertensive drugs and their appropriate applications in controlling BP have increased our potential for successfully managing disease states characterized by abnormal blood pressure. However, the mechanisms responsible for the disruption of endogenous mechanisms contributing to the maintenance of BP within a normal range are yet to be fully clarified. Recently, evidence has shown that several natural antioxidants containing active ingredients originating from natural plant extracts, used alone or in combination, may represent a valid solution for counteracting the development of arterial hypertension. In particular, there is evidence to show that natural antioxidants may enhance the viability of endothelial cells undergoing oxidative damage, an effect that could play a crucial role in the pathophysiological events accompanying the early stages of arterial hypertension. The present review aims to reassess the role of oxidative stress on endothelial dysfunction in the onset and progression of arterial hypertension and that of natural antioxidants in covering several unmet needs in the treatment of such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Caminiti
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Department of Health Sciences, Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University “Tor Vergata” of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University “Tor Vergata” of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Catanzaro, Italy
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Carresi C, Cardamone A, Coppoletta AR, Caminiti R, Macrì R, Lorenzo F, Scarano F, Mollace R, Guarnieri L, Ruga S, Nucera S, Musolino V, Gliozzi M, Palma E, Muscoli C, Volterrani M, Mollace V. The protective effect of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction on reno-cardiac damage induced by DOCA-salt and unilateral renal artery ligation in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116082. [PMID: 38242036 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, the complex pathological interactions between renal and cardiovascular systems represent a real global epidemic in both developed and developing countries. In this context, renovascular hypertension (RVH) remains among the most prevalent, but also potentially reversible, risk factor for numerous reno-cardiac diseases in humans and pets. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and reno-cardiac protective effects of a polyphenol-rich fraction of bergamot (BPF) in an experimental model of hypertension induced by unilateral renal artery ligation. Adult male Wistar rats underwent unilateral renal artery ligation and treatment with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) (20 mg/kg, s.c.), twice a week for a period of 4 weeks, and 1% sodium chloride (NaCl) water (n = 10). A subgroup of hypertensive rats received BPF (100 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days, n = 10) by gavage. Another group of animals was treated with a sub-cutaneous injection of vehicle (that served as control, n = 8). Unilateral renal artery ligation followed by treatment with DOCA and 1% NaCl water resulted in a significant increase in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP; p< 0.05. vs CTRL) which strongly increased the resistive index (RI; p<0.05 vs CTRL) of contralateral renal artery flow and kidney volume after 4 weeks (p<0.001 vs CTRL). Renal dysfunction also led to a dysfunction of cardiac tissue strain associated with overt dyssynchrony in cardiac wall motion when compared to CTRL group, as shown by the increased time-to-peak (T2P; p<0.05) and the decreased whole peak capacity (Pk; p<0.01) in displacement and strain rate (p<0.05, respectively) in longitudinal motion. Consequently, the hearts of RAL DOCA-Salt rats showed a larger time delay between the fastest and the lowest region (Maximum Opposite Wall Delay-MOWD) when compared to CTRL group (p<0.05 in displacement and p <0.01 in strain rate). Furthermore, a significant increase in the levels of the circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (p< 0.05 for IL-12(40), p< 0.01 for GM-CSF, KC, IL-13, and TNF- α) and in the NGAL expression of the ligated kidney (p< 0.001) was observed compared to CTRL group. Interestingly, this pathological condition is prevented by BPF treatment. In particular, BPF treatment prevents the increase of blood pressure in RAL DOCA-Salt rats (p< 0.05) and exerts a protective effect on the volume of the contralateral kidney (p <0.01). Moreover, BPF ameliorates cardiac tissue strain dysfunction by increasing Pk in displacement (p <0.01) and reducing the T2P in strain rate motion (p<0.05). These latter effects significantly improve MOWD (p <0.05) preventing the overt dyssynchrony in cardiac wall motion. Finally, the reno-cardiac protective effect of BPF was associated with a significant reduction in serum level of some pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (p<0.05 for KC and IL-12(40), p<0.01 for GM-CSF, IL-13, and TNF- α) restoring physiological levels of renal neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL, p<0.05) protein of the tethered kidney. In conclusion, the present results show, for the first time, that BPF promotes an efficient renovascular protection preventing the progression of inflammation and reno-cardiac damage. Overall, these data point to a potential clinical and veterinary role of dietary supplementation with the polyphenol-rich fraction of citrus bergamot in counteracting hypertension-induced reno-cardiac syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carresi
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Caminiti
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Lorenzo
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Nucera S, Serra M, Caminiti R, Ruga S, Passacatini LC, Macrì R, Scarano F, Maiuolo J, Bulotta R, Mollace R, Bosco F, Guarnieri L, Oppedisano F, Ilari S, Muscoli C, Palma E, Mollace V. Non-essential heavy metal effects in cardiovascular diseases: an overview of systematic reviews. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1332339. [PMID: 38322770 PMCID: PMC10844381 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1332339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most important cause of premature death and disability worldwide. Environmental degradation and cardiovascular diseases are two keys to health challenges, characterized by a constant evolution in an industrialized world that exploits natural resources regardless of the consequences for health. The etiological risk factors of CVDs are widely known and include dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, and chronic cigarette consumption. However, one component that is often underestimated is exposure to heavy metals. The biological perspective explains that different metals play different roles. They are therefore classified into essential heavy metals, which are present in organisms where they perform important vital functions, especially in various physiological processes, or non-essential heavy metals, with a no biological role but, nonetheless, remain in the environment in which they are absorbed. Although both types of metal ions are many times chemically similar and can bind to the same biological ligands, the attention given today to nonessential metals in several eukaryotic species is starting to raise strong concerns due to an exponential increase in their concentrations. The aim of this systematic review was to assess possible correlations between exposure to nonessential heavy metals and increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, reporting the results of studies published in the last 5 years through March 2023. Methods The studies includes reviews retrieved from PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases, in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement and following the PICO (Population Intervention Comparison Outcome Population) framework. Results Eight reviews, including a total of 153 studies, were identified. Seven of these review enlighted the association between CVDs and non-essential heavy metals chronic exposure. Discussion It is evident that exposure to heavy metals represent a risk factor for CVDs onset. However, further studies are needed to better understand the effects caused by these metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Nucera
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Caminiti
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Macrì
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Department of Systems Medicine, University “Tor Vergata” of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Science of Health Department, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Science of Health Department, Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sara Ilari
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Pain, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Pain, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Instituteof Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Catanzaro, Italy
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Bava R, Castagna F, Lupia C, Ruga S, Conforti F, Marrelli M, Argentieri MP, Musella V, Britti D, Statti G, Palma E. Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Efficacy Evaluation of Calamintha nepeta, Calamintha sylvatica, Lavandula austroapennina and Mentha piperita Essential Oils for the Control of Honeybee ( Apis mellifera) Varroosis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:69. [PMID: 38200800 PMCID: PMC10778109 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Varroa destructor is currently considered the parasite that causes the greatest damage and economic losses to honeybee farms. Its presence is often associated with that of viral and bacterial pathogens, which ultimately leads to colony collapse. Careful control of the parasitic load is therefore necessary to avoid the onset of these events. Although chemical treatments are often in easily and quickly administered formulations, in recent years, there have been increasingly frequent reports of the onset of drug resistance phenomena, which must lead to reconsidering their use. Furthermore, chemical compounds can easily accumulate in the food matrices of the hive, with possible risks for the final consumer. In such a condition, it is imperative to find alternative treatment solutions. Essential oils (EOs) prove to be promising candidates due to their good efficacy and good environmental biodegradability. In this study, the acaricidal efficacy of the EOs of Calamintha sylvatica Bromf., Calamintha nepeta Savi, Lavandula austroapennina N.G. Passal. Tundis & Upson and Mentha piperita L., extracted from botanical species belonging to the Lamiaceae family, was evaluated. The test chosen for the evaluation was residual toxicity by contact. The examined EOs were diluted in Acetone to a concentration of 2, 1 and 0.5 mg/mL. At the highest concentration, the EOs demonstrated an acaricidal activity equal to 52% for C. nepeta, 60% for C. sylvatica, 80% for L. austroapennina and 68% for M. piperita. Of the EOs tested, therefore, Lavender proves to be a good candidate for subsequent evaluations in semi-field and field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bava
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Fabio Castagna
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
- Mediterranean Ethnobotanical Conservatory, 88054 Sersale, CZ, Italy
| | - Carmine Lupia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
- Mediterranean Ethnobotanical Conservatory, 88054 Sersale, CZ, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Pia Argentieri
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, BA, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Musella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Giancarlo Statti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FISH), University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
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Nucera S, Scarano F, Macrì R, Mollace R, Gliozzi M, Carresi C, Ruga S, Serra M, Tavernese A, Caminiti R, Coppoletta A, Cardamone A, Montalcini T, Pujia A, Palma E, Muscoli C, Barillà F, Musolino V, Mollace V. The Effect of an Innovative Combination of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction and Cynara cardunculus L. Extract on Weight Gain Reduction and Fat Browning in Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:191. [PMID: 38203362 PMCID: PMC10779365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the world's most serious public health issues, with a high risk of developing a wide range of diseases. As a result, focusing on adipose tissue dysfunction may help to prevent the metabolic disturbances commonly associated with obesity. Nutraceutical supplementation may be a crucial strategy for improving WAT inflammation and obesity and accelerating the browning process. The aim of this study was to perform a preclinical "proof of concept" study on Bergacyn®, an innovative formulation originating from a combination of bergamot polyphenolic fraction (BPF) and Cynara cardunculus (CyC), for the treatment of adipose tissue dysfunction. In particular, Bergacyn® supplementation in WD/SW-fed mice at doses of 50 mg/kg given orally for 12 weeks, was able to reduce body weight and total fat mass in the WD/SW mice, in association with an improvement in plasma biochemical parameters, including glycemia, total cholesterol, and LDL levels. In addition, a significant reduction in serum ALT levels was highlighted. The decreased WAT levels corresponded to an increased weight of BAT tissue, which was associated with a downregulation of PPARγ as compared to the vehicle group. Bergacyn® was able to restore PPARγ levels and prevent NF-kB overexpression in the WAT of mice fed a WD/SW diet, suggesting an improved oxidative metabolism and inflammatory status. These results were associated with a significant potentiation of the total antioxidant status in WD/SW mice. Finally, our data show, for the first time, that Bergacyn® supplementation may be a valuable approach to counteract adipose tissue dysfunction and obesity-associated effects on cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Nucera
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (E.P.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Maria Serra
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Rosamaria Caminiti
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Annarita Coppoletta
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna of Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (E.P.)
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Francesco Barillà
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Lamezia Terme, 88046 Catanzaro, Italy
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Bava R, Castagna F, Lupia C, Ruga S, Musella V, Conforti F, Marrelli M, Argentieri MP, Britti D, Statti G, Palma E. Chemical Profile of Essential Oils of Selected Lamiaceae Plants and In Vitro Activity for Varroosis Control in Honeybees (Apis mellifera). Vet Sci 2023; 10:701. [PMID: 38133253 PMCID: PMC10747025 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The most significant ectoparasitic mite of honeybees, Varroa destructor, has a detrimental effect on bee health and honey output. The principal strategy used by the control programs is the application of synthetic acaricides. All of this has resulted in drug resistance, which is now a major worry for beekeeping. As a result, research on alternate products and techniques for mite management is now required. The aim of this study was to determine whether essential oils (EOs) extracted from botanical species of Lamiacae, typical of the Calabria region of Southern Italy, could reduce the population of the mite V. destructor. Among the best-known genera of the Lamiaceae family are oregano, rosemary and thyme, whose EOs were employed in this study. By steam distillation, the EOs were extracted from Origanum vulgare subsp. viridulum (Martrin-Donos) Nyman, Thymus capitatus Hoffmanns. and Link, Thymus longicaulis C.Presl and Salvia rosmarinus Schleid. plant species harvested directly on the Calabrian territory in their balsamic time. Each EO went to the test in vitro (contact toxicity) against V. destructor. Fifty adult female mites, five for each EO and the positive and negative control, were used in each experimental replicate. The positive controls comprised five individuals treated to Amitraz dilute in acetone, and the negative controls included five individuals exposed to acetone alone. To create the working solution to be tested (50 μL/tube), the EOs were diluted (0.5 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, 2 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL) in HPLC-grade acetone. After 1 h of exposure, mite mortality was manually assessed. Origanum vulgare subsp. viridulum, Thymus capitatus and Thymus longicaulis were the EOs with the highest levels of efficiency at 2 mg/mL, neutralizing (dead + inactivated), 94%, 92% and 94% of parasites, respectively. Salvia rosmarinus EO gave a lower efficacy, resulting in a percentage of 38%. Interestingly, no adverse effects were highlighted in toxicity tests on honeybees. These results show that these OEs of the Lamiaceae family have antiparasitic action on V. destructor. Therefore, they could be used, individually or combined, to exploit the synergistic effect for a more sustainable control of this parasite mite in honeybee farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bava
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Fabio Castagna
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
- Mediterranean Ethnobotanical Conservatory, 88054 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmine Lupia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
- Mediterranean Ethnobotanical Conservatory, 88054 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Musella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Maria Pia Argentieri
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Giancarlo Statti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (V.M.); (D.B.); (E.P.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FISH), University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
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Bava R, Castagna F, Ruga S, Caminiti R, Nucera S, Bulotta RM, Naccari C, Britti D, Mollace V, Palma E. Protective Role of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction (BPF) against Deltamethrin Toxicity in Honeybees ( Apis mellifera). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3764. [PMID: 38136801 PMCID: PMC10741048 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticide-induced poisoning phenomena are a serious problem for beekeeping and can cause large losses of honeybee populations due to acute and sub-acute poisoning. The reduced responsiveness of honeybees to the damage caused by pesticides used in agriculture can be traced back to a general qualitative and quantitative impoverishment of the nectar resources of terrestrial ecosystems. Malnutrition is associated with a decline in the functionality of the immune system and the systems that are delegated to the detoxification of the organism. This research aimed to verify whether bergamot polyphenolic extract (BPF) could have protective effects against poisoning by the pyrethroid pesticide deltamethrin. The studies were conducted with caged honeybees under controlled conditions. Sub-lethal doses of pesticides and related treatments for BPF were administered. At a dose of 21.6 mg/L, deltamethrin caused mortality in all treated subjects (20 caged honeybees) after one day of administration. The groups where BPF (1 mg/kg) was added to the toxic solution recorded the survival of honeybees by up to three days. Comparing the honeybees of the groups in which the BPF-deltamethrin association was added to the normal diet (sugar solution) with those in which deltamethrin alone was added to the normal diet, the BPF group had a statistically significant reduction in the honeybee mortality rate (p ≤ 0.05) and a greater consumption of food. Therefore, it can be argued that the inclusion of BPF and its constituent antioxidants in the honeybee diet reduces toxicity and oxidative stress caused by oral intake of deltamethrin. Furthermore, it can be argued that BPF administration could compensate for metabolic energy deficits often induced by the effects of malnutrition caused by environmental degradation and standard beekeeping practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bava
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (F.C.); (S.R.); (R.C.); (S.N.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Fabio Castagna
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (F.C.); (S.R.); (R.C.); (S.N.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
- Mediterranean Ethnobotanical Conservatory, Sersale (CZ), 88054 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (F.C.); (S.R.); (R.C.); (S.N.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Rosamaria Caminiti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (F.C.); (S.R.); (R.C.); (S.N.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (F.C.); (S.R.); (R.C.); (S.N.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Rosa Maria Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (F.C.); (S.R.); (R.C.); (S.N.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Clara Naccari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (F.C.); (S.R.); (R.C.); (S.N.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (F.C.); (S.R.); (R.C.); (S.N.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (F.C.); (S.R.); (R.C.); (S.N.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (F.C.); (S.R.); (R.C.); (S.N.); (R.M.B.); (C.N.); (D.B.); (V.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
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Barone A, Zimbo AM, d'Avanzo N, Tolomeo AM, Ruga S, Cardamone A, Celia C, Scalise M, Torella D, La Deda M, Iaccino E, Paolino D. Thermoresponsive M1 macrophage-derived hybrid nanovesicles for improved in vivo tumor targeting. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:3154-3168. [PMID: 37365403 PMCID: PMC10624726 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite the efforts and advances done in the last few decades, cancer still remains one of the main leading causes of death worldwide. Nanomedicine and in particular extracellular vesicles are one of the most potent tools to improve the effectiveness of anticancer therapies. In these attempts, the aim of this work is to realize a hybrid nanosystem through the fusion between the M1 macrophages-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs-M1) and thermoresponsive liposomes, in order to obtain a drug delivery system able to exploit the intrinsic tumor targeting capability of immune cells reflected on EVs and thermoresponsiveness of synthetic nanovesicles. The obtained nanocarrier has been physicochemically characterized, and the hybridization process has been validated by cytofluorimetric analysis, while the thermoresponsiveness was in vitro confirmed through the use of a fluorescent probe. Tumor targeting features of hybrid nanovesicles were in vivo investigated on melanoma-induced mice model monitoring the accumulation in tumor site through live imaging and confirmed by cytofluorimetric analysis, showing higher targeting properties of hybrid nanosystem compared to both liposomes and native EVs. These promising results confirmed the ability of this nanosystem to combine the advantages of both nanotechnologies, also highlighting their potential use as effective and safe personalized anticancer nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Barone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Zimbo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola d'Avanzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Tolomeo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food, Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food, Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti - Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", 66100, Chieti, Italy
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus G. 9, 44307, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Mariangela Scalise
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Torella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Massimo La Deda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology U.O.S, 87036, Cosenza, Rende, Italy
| | - Enrico Iaccino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro Campus Universitario-Germaneto, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Bava R, Castagna F, Ruga S, Nucera S, Caminiti R, Serra M, Bulotta RM, Lupia C, Marrelli M, Conforti F, Statti G, Domenico B, Palma E. Plants and Their Derivatives as Promising Therapeutics for Sustainable Control of Honeybee ( Apis mellifera) Pathogens. Pathogens 2023; 12:1260. [PMID: 37887776 PMCID: PMC10610010 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The most important pollinator for agricultural crops is the Western honeybee (Apis mellifera). During the winter and summer seasons, diseases and stresses of various kinds endanger honeybee numbers and production, resulting in expenses for beekeepers and detrimental effects on agriculture and ecosystems. Researchers are continually in search of therapies for honeybees using the resources of microbiology, molecular biology, and chemistry to combat diseases and improve the overall health of these important pollinating insects. Among the most investigated and most promising solutions are medicinal plants and their derivatives. The health of animals and their ability to fight disease can be supported by natural products (NPs) derived from living organisms such as plants and microbes. NPs contain substances that can reduce the effects of diseases by promoting immunity or directly suppressing pathogens, and parasites. This literature review summarises the advances that the scientific community has achieved over the years regarding veterinary treatments in beekeeping through the use of NPs. Their impact on the prevention and control of honeybee diseases is investigated both in trials that have been conducted in the laboratory and field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bava
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.B.); (B.D.); (E.P.)
| | - Fabio Castagna
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.B.); (B.D.); (E.P.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.B.); (B.D.); (E.P.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.B.); (B.D.); (E.P.)
| | - Rosamaria Caminiti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.B.); (B.D.); (E.P.)
| | - Maria Serra
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.B.); (B.D.); (E.P.)
| | - Rosa Maria Bulotta
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.B.); (B.D.); (E.P.)
| | - Carmine Lupia
- Mediterranean Ethnobotanical Conservatory, Sersale (CZ), 88054 Catanzaro, Italy;
- National Ethnobotanical Conservatory, Castelluccio Superiore, 85040 Potenza, Italy
| | - Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.M.); (F.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.M.); (F.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Giancarlo Statti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy; (M.M.); (F.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Britti Domenico
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.B.); (B.D.); (E.P.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.N.); (R.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.B.); (B.D.); (E.P.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FISH), University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
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Bosco F, Ruga S, Citraro R, Leo A, Guarnieri L, Maiuolo J, Oppedisano F, Macrì R, Scarano F, Nucera S, Bava I, Palma E, Muscoli C, Hancke J, De Sarro G, Mollace V. The Effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.F.) Wall. Ex Nees and Andrographolide on Neuroinflammation in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:3428. [PMID: 37571363 PMCID: PMC10421033 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) affect millions of people worldwide, and to date, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are the most common NDs. Of the many risk factors for neurodegeneration, the aging process has the most significant impact, to the extent that it is tempting to consider neurodegenerative disease as a manifestation of accelerated aging. However, genetic and environmental factors determine the course of neurodegenerative disease progression. It has been proposed that environmental stimuli influence neuroplasticity. Some clinical studies have shown that healthy lifestyles and the administration of nutraceuticals containing bioactive molecules possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have a preventive impact or mitigate symptoms in previously diagnosed patients. Despite ongoing research efforts, the therapies currently used for the treatment of NDs provide only marginal therapeutic benefits; therefore, the focus is now directly on the search for natural products that could be valuable tools in combating these diseases, including the natural compound Andrographis paniculata (Ap) and its main constituent, andrographolide (Andro). Preclinical studies have shown that the aqueous extract of Ap can modulate neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative responses, reducing inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in various NDs. Therefore, in this review, we will focus on the molecular mechanisms by which Ap and Andro can modulate the processes of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, which are significant causes of neuronal death and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bosco
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food, Safety, and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food, Safety, and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Rita Citraro
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
- Research Center FAS@UMG, Science of Health Department, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Leo
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
- Research Center FAS@UMG, Science of Health Department, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutraceutical, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food, Safety, and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food, Safety, and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food, Safety, and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food, Safety, and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Irene Bava
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food, Safety, and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food, Safety, and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food, Safety, and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | | | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Section of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (A.L.); (G.D.S.)
- Research Center FAS@UMG, Science of Health Department, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food, Safety, and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.R.); (F.O.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
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15
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Maiuolo J, Bosco F, Guarnieri L, Nucera S, Ruga S, Oppedisano F, Tucci L, Muscoli C, Palma E, Giuffrè AM, Mollace V. Protective Role of an Extract Waste Product from Citrus bergamia in an In Vitro Model of Neurodegeneration. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12112126. [PMID: 37299105 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A balanced diet, rich in fruits and vegetables and ensuring the intake of natural products, has been shown to reduce or prevent the occurrence of many chronic diseases. However, the choice to consume large quantities of fruits and vegetables leads to an increase in the amount of waste, which can cause an alteration in environmental sustainability. To date, the concept of a "byproduct" has evolved, now being understood as a waste product from which it is still possible obtain useful compounds. Byproducts in the agricultural sector are a rich source of bioactive compounds, capable of possessing a second life, decreasing the amount of waste products, the disposal costs, and environmental pollution. A promising and well-known citrus of the Mediterranean diet is the bergamot (Citrus bergamia, Risso et Poiteau). The composition of bergamot is known, and the rich presence of phenolic compounds and essential oils has justified the countless beneficial properties found, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cholesterolemic, and protective activity for the immune system, heart failure, and coronary heart diseases. The industrial processing of bergamot fruits leads to the formation of bergamot juice and bergamot oil. The solid residues, referred to as "pastazzo", are normally used as feed for livestock or pectin production. The fiber of bergamot (BF) can be obtained from pastazzo and could exert an interesting effect thanks to its content of polyphenols. The aims of this work were twofold: (a) to have more information (composition, polyphenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, etc.) on BF powder and (b) to verify the effects of BF on an in vitro model of neurotoxicity induced by treatment with amyloid beta protein (Aβ). In particular, a study of cell lines was carried out on both neurons and oligodendrocytes, to measure the involvement of the glia and compare it with that of the neurons. The results obtained showed that BF powder contains polyphenols and flavonoids and that it is able to exercise an antioxidant property. Moreover, BF exerts a protective action on the damage induced by treatment with Aβ, and this defense is found in experiments on the cell viability, on the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, on the involvement of the expression of caspase-3, and on necrotic or apoptotic death. In all these results, oligodendrocytes were always more sensitive and fragile than neurons. Further experiments are needed, and if this trend is confirmed, BF could be used in AD; at the same time, it could help to avoid the accumulation of waste products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutraceutical, Faculty of Pharmacy, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luigi Tucci
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angelo Maria Giuffrè
- Department of Agraria, University of Studies "Mediterranea" of Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, San Raffaele University, 00042, Rome, Italy
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Bosco F, Guarnieri L, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Ruga S, Cardamone A, Maurotti S, Russo C, Coppoletta AR, Macrì R, Bava I, Scarano F, Castagna F, Serra M, Caminiti R, Maiuolo J, Oppedisano F, Ilari S, Lauro F, Giancotti L, Muscoli C, Carresi C, Palma E, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Mollace V. Pathophysiological Aspects of Muscle Atrophy and Osteopenia Induced by Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI) of the Sciatic Nerve in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043765. [PMID: 36835176 PMCID: PMC9962869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a condition characterized by a loss of muscle mass and muscle strength caused by an imbalance between protein synthesis and protein degradation. Muscle atrophy is often associated with a loss of bone mass manifesting as osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate if chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats can be a valid model to study muscle atrophy and consequent osteoporosis. Body weight and body composition were assessed weekly. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on day zero before ligation and day 28 before sacrifice. Catabolic markers were assessed via Western blot and Quantitative Real-time PCR. After the sacrifice, a morphological analysis of the gastrocnemius muscle and Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) on the tibia bone were performed. Rats that underwent CCI had a lower body weight increase on day 28 compared to the naive group of rats (p < 0.001). Increases in lean body mass and fat mass were also significantly lower in the CCI group (p < 0.001). The weight of skeletal muscles was found to be significantly lower in the ipsilateral hindlimb compared to that of contralateral muscles; furthermore, the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers decreased significantly in the ipsilateral gastrocnemius. The CCI of the sciatic nerve induced a statistically significant increase in autophagic and UPS (Ubiquitin Proteasome System) markers and a statistically significant increase in Pax-7 (Paired Box-7) expression. Micro-CT showed a statistically significant decrease in the bone parameters of the ipsilateral tibial bone. Chronic nerve constriction appeared to be a valid model for inducing the condition of muscle atrophy, also causing changes in bone microstructure and leading to osteoporosis. Therefore, sciatic nerve constriction could be a valid approach to study muscle-bone crosstalk and to identify new strategies to prevent osteosarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bosco
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Samantha Maurotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Irene Bava
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fabio Castagna
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Caminiti
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH) Center, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sara Ilari
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Filomena Lauro
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Luigi Giancotti
- Henry and Amelia Nasrallah Center for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH) Center, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Gliozzi M, Macrì R, Coppoletta AR, Musolino V, Carresi C, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Guarnieri L, Cardamone A, Ruga S, Scarano F, Nucera S, Mollace R, Bava I, Caminiti R, Serra M, Maiuolo J, Palma E, Mollace V. From Diabetes Care to Heart Failure Management: A Potential Therapeutic Approach Combining SGLT2 Inhibitors and Plant Extracts. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183737. [PMID: 36145112 PMCID: PMC9504067 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex chronic disease, and among the affected patients, cardiovascular disease (CVD)is the most common cause of death. Consequently, the evidence for the cardiovascular benefit of glycaemic control may reduce long-term CVD rates. Over the years, multiple pharmacological approaches aimed at controlling blood glucose levels were unable to significantly reduce diabetes-related cardiovascular events. In this view, a therapeutic strategy combining SGLT2 inhibitors and plant extracts might represent a promising solution. Indeed, countering the main cardiometabolic risk factor using plant extracts could potentiate the cardioprotective action of SGLT2 inhibitors. This review highlights the main molecular mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects that could contribute to the better management of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (C.C.); Tel./Fax: +39-0961-3694301 (V.M. & C.C.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (C.C.); Tel./Fax: +39-0961-3694301 (V.M. & C.C.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Irene Bava
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Caminiti
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Lamezia Terme, 88046 Catanzaro, Italy
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Maiuolo J, Carresi C, Gliozzi M, Mollace R, Scarano F, Scicchitano M, Macrì R, Nucera S, Bosco F, Oppedisano F, Ruga S, Coppoletta AR, Guarnieri L, Cardamone A, Bava I, Musolino V, Paone S, Palma E, Mollace V. The Contribution of Gut Microbiota and Endothelial Dysfunction in the Development of Arterial Hypertension in Animal Models and in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073698. [PMID: 35409057 PMCID: PMC8999124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of the physiological values of blood pressure is closely related to unchangeable factors (genetic predisposition or pathological alterations) but also to modifiable factors (dietary fat and salt, sedentary lifestyle, overweight, inappropriate combinations of drugs, alcohol abuse, smoking and use of psychogenic substances). Hypertension is usually characterized by the presence of a chronic increase in systemic blood pressure above the threshold value and is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction, stroke, micro- and macro-vascular diseases. Hypertension is closely related to functional changes in the endothelium, such as an altered production of vasoconstrictive and vasodilator substances, which lead to an increase in vascular resistance. These alterations make the endothelial tissue unresponsive to autocrine and paracrine stimuli, initially determining an adaptive response, which over time lead to an increase in risk or disease. The gut microbiota is composed of a highly diverse bacterial population of approximately 1014 bacteria. A balanced intestinal microbiota preserves the digestive and absorbent functions of the intestine, protecting from pathogens and toxic metabolites in the circulation and reducing the onset of various diseases. The gut microbiota has been shown to produce unique metabolites potentially important in the generation of hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. This review highlights the close connection between hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, in IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Italy, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Italy, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.O.); (S.R.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (A.C.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Italy, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.O.); (S.R.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (A.C.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Italy, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.O.); (S.R.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (A.C.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Federica Scarano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Italy, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.O.); (S.R.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (A.C.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Italy, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.O.); (S.R.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (A.C.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Roberta Macrì
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Italy, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.O.); (S.R.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (A.C.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Italy, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.O.); (S.R.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (A.C.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Francesca Bosco
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Italy, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.O.); (S.R.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (A.C.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Italy, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.O.); (S.R.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (A.C.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Stefano Ruga
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Italy, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.O.); (S.R.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (A.C.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Italy, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.O.); (S.R.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (A.C.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Italy, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.O.); (S.R.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (A.C.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Italy, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.O.); (S.R.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (A.C.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Irene Bava
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Italy, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.O.); (S.R.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (A.C.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, in IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Italy, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Sara Paone
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Ernesto Palma
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Italy, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.O.); (S.R.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (A.C.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro Italy, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.O.); (S.R.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (A.C.); (I.B.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Valcannuta 247, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Nucera S, Ruga S, Cardamone A, Coppoletta AR, Guarnieri L, Zito MC, Bosco F, Macrì R, Scarano F, Scicchitano M, Maiuolo J, Carresi C, Mollace R, Cariati L, Mazzarella G, Palma E, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Cascini GL, Mollace V. MAFLD progression contributes to altered thalamus metabolism and brain structure. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1207. [PMID: 35075185 PMCID: PMC8786899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), commonly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, represents a continuum of events characterized by excessive hepatic fat accumulation which can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and in some severe cases hepatocellular carcinoma. MAFLD might be considered as a multisystem disease that affects not only the liver but involves wider implications, relating to several organs and systems, the brain included. The present study aims to investigate changes associated with MAFLD-induced alteration of thalamic metabolism in vivo. DIAMOND (Diet-induced animal model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) mice were fed a chow diet and tap water (NC NW) or fat Western Diet (WD SW) for up to 28 weeks. At the baseline and weeks 4, 8, 20, 28 the thalamic neurochemical profile and total cerebral brain volume were evaluated longitudinally in both diet groups using 1H-MRS. To confirm the disease progression, at each time point, a subgroup of animals was sacrificed, the livers excised and placed in formalin. Liver histology was assessed and reviewed by an expert liver pathologist. MAFLD development significantly increases the thalamic levels of total N-acetylaspartate, total creatine, total choline, and taurine. Furthermore, in the WD SW group a reduction in total cerebral brain volume has been observed (p < 0.05 vs NC NW). Our results suggest that thalamic energy metabolism is affected by MAFLD progression. This metabolic imbalance, that is quantifiable by 1H-MRS in vivo, might cause structural damage to brain cells and dysfunctions of neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Cariati
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzarella
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucio Cascini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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Scicchitano M, Carresi C, Nucera S, Ruga S, Maiuolo J, Macrì R, Scarano F, Bosco F, Mollace R, Cardamone A, Coppoletta AR, Guarnieri L, Zito MC, Bava I, Cariati L, Greco M, Foti DP, Palma E, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Mollace V. Icariin Protects H9c2 Rat Cardiomyoblasts from Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Role of Caveolin-1 Upregulation and Enhanced Autophagic Response. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114070. [PMID: 34836326 PMCID: PMC8623794 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Doxo) is a widely used antineoplastic drug which often induces cardiomyopathy, leading to congestive heart failure through the intramyocardial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Icariin (Ica) is a flavonoid isolated from Epimedii Herba (Berberidaceae). Some reports on the pharmacological activity of Ica explained its antioxidant and cardioprotective effects. The aim of our study was to assess the protective activities of Ica against Doxo-detrimental effects on rat heart-tissue derived embryonic cardiac myoblasts (H9c2 cells) and to identify, at least in part, the molecular mechanisms involved. Our results showed that pretreatment of H9c2 cells with 1 μM and 5 μM of Ica, prior to Doxo exposure, resulted in an improvement in cell viability, a reduction in ROS generation, the prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction and mPTP opening. Furthermore, for the first time, we identified one feasible molecular mechanism through which Ica could exerts its cardioprotective effects. Indeed, our data showed a significant reduction in Caveolin-1(Cav-1) expression levels and a specific inhibitory effect on phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5a) activity, improving mitochondrial function compared to Doxo-treated cells. Besides, Ica significantly prevented apoptotic cell death and downregulated the main pro-autophagic marker Beclin-1 and LC3 lipidation rate, restoring physiological levels of activation of the protective autophagic process. These results suggest that Ica might have beneficial cardioprotective effects in attenuating cardiotoxicity in patients requiring anthracycline chemotherapy through the inhibition of oxidative stress and, in particular, through the modulation of Cav-1 expression levels and the involvement of PDE5a activity, thereby leading to cardiac cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Irene Bava
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Luca Cariati
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Marta Greco
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Daniela Patrizia Foti
- Department of Experimental, Clinical Medicine University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 88163 Roma, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 88163 Roma, Italy
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Maiuolo J, Gliozzi M, Carresi C, Musolino V, Oppedisano F, Scarano F, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Macri R, Ruga S, Cardamone A, Coppoletta A, Mollace A, Cognetti F, Mollace V. Nutraceuticals and Cancer: Potential for Natural Polyphenols. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113834. [PMID: 34836091 PMCID: PMC8619660 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally, associated with multifactorial pathophysiological components. In particular, genetic mutations, infection or inflammation, unhealthy eating habits, exposition to radiation, work stress, and/or intake of toxins have been found to contribute to the development and progression of cancer disease states. Early detection of cancer and proper treatment have been found to enhance the chances of survival and healing, but the side effects of anticancer drugs still produce detrimental responses that counteract the benefits of treatment in terms of hospitalization and survival. Recently, several natural bioactive compounds were found to possess anticancer properties, capable of killing transformed or cancerous cells without being toxic to their normal counterparts. This effect occurs when natural products are associated with conventional treatments, thereby suggesting that nutraceutical supplementation may contribute to successful anticancer therapy. This review aims to discuss the current literature on four natural bioactive extracts mostly characterized by a specific polyphenolic profile. In particular, several activities have been reported to contribute to nutraceutical support in anticancer treatment: (1) inhibition of cell proliferation, (2) antioxidant activity, and (3) anti-inflammatory activity. On the other hand, owing to their attenuation of the toxic effect of current anticancer therapies, natural antioxidants may contribute to improving the compliance of patients undergoing anticancer treatment. Thus, nutraceutical supplementation, along with current anticancer drug treatment, may be considered for better responses and compliance in patients with cancer. It should be noted, however, that when data from studies with bioactive plant preparations are discussed, it is appropriate to ensure that experiments have been conducted in accordance with accepted pharmacological research practices so as not to disclose information that is only partially correct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macri
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Annarita Coppoletta
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Annachiara Mollace
- Medical Oncology 1, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Cognetti
- Medical Oncology 1, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (M.G.); (C.C.); (V.M.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (A.C.); (A.C.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Valcannuta 247, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Maiuolo J, Carresi C, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Scarano F, Coppoletta AR, Guarnieri L, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Ruga S, Zito MC, Macri R, Cardamone A, Serra M, Mollace R, Tavernese A, Mollace V. Effects of Bergamot Polyphenols on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072476. [PMID: 34371986 PMCID: PMC8308586 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability in the Western world. In order to safeguard the structure and the functionality of the myocardium, it is extremely important to adequately support the cardiomyocytes. Two cellular organelles of cardiomyocytes are essential for cell survival and to ensure proper functioning of the myocardium: mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria are responsible for the energy metabolism of the myocardium, and regulate the processes that can lead to cell death. The sarcoplasmic reticulum preserves the physiological concentration of the calcium ion, and triggers processes to protect the structural and functional integrity of the proteins. The alterations of these organelles can damage myocardial functioning. A proper nutritional balance regarding the intake of macronutrients and micronutrients leads to a significant improvement in the symptoms and consequences of heart disease. In particular, the Mediterranean diet, characterized by a high consumption of plant-based foods, small quantities of red meat, and high quantities of olive oil, reduces and improves the pathological condition of patients with heart failure. In addition, nutritional support and nutraceutical supplementation in patients who develop heart failure can contribute to the protection of the failing myocardium. Since polyphenols have numerous beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, this review gathers what is known about the beneficial effects of polyphenol-rich bergamot fruit on the cardiovascular system. In particular, the role of bergamot polyphenols in mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic dysfunctions in diabetic cardiomyopathy is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macri
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Valcannuta 247, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Valcannuta 247, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-327-475-8006
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Gliozzi M, Scarano F, Musolino V, Carresi C, Scarcella A, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Ruga S, Bosco F, Maiuolo J, Macrì R, Zito MC, Oppedisano F, Guarnieri L, Mollace R, Palma E, Muscoli C, Mollace V. Paradoxical effect of fat diet in matrix metalloproteinases induced mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2021; 22:268-278. [PMID: 33633042 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic cardiomyopathy represents the main cause of death among diabetic people. Despite this evidence, the molecular mechanisms triggered by impaired glucose and lipid metabolism inducing heart damage remain unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of altered metabolism on the early stages of cardiac injury in experimental diabetes. METHODS For this purpose, rats were fed a normocaloric diet (NPD) or a high fat diet (HFD) for up to 12 weeks. After the fourth week, streptozocin (35 mg/kg) was administered in a subgroup of both NPD and HFD rats to induce diabetes. Cardiac function was analysed by echocardiography. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity and intracellular localization were assessed through zymography and immunofluorescence, whereas apoptotic and oxidative markers by immunohistochemistry and western blot. RESULTS Hyperglycaemia or hyperlipidaemia reduced ejection fraction and fractional shortening as compared with control. Unexpectedly, cardiac dysfunction was less marked in diabetic rats fed a hyperlipidaemic diet, suggesting an adaptive response of the myocardium to hyperglycaemia-induced injury. This response was characterized by the inhibition of N-terminal truncated-MMP-2 translocation from endoplasmic reticulum into mitochondria and by superoxide anion overproduction observed in cardiomyocytes under hyperglycaemia. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings suggest novel therapeutic targets aimed to counteract mitochondrial dysfunction in the onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonino Scarcella
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
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Maiuolo J, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Carresi C, Scarano F, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Oppedisano F, Bosco F, Ruga S, Zito MC, Macri R, Palma E, Muscoli C, Mollace V. The Contribution of Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis in the Development of Brain Disorders. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:616883. [PMID: 33833660 PMCID: PMC8021727 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.616883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Different bacterial families colonize most mucosal tissues in the human organism such as the skin, mouth, vagina, respiratory, and gastrointestinal districts. In particular, the mammalian intestine hosts a microbial community of between 1,000 and 1,500 bacterial species, collectively called "microbiota." Co-metabolism between the microbiota and the host system is generated and the symbiotic relationship is mutually beneficial. The balance that is achieved between the microbiota and the host organism is fundamental to the organization of the immune system. Scientific studies have highlighted a direct correlation between the intestinal microbiota and the brain, establishing the existence of the gut microbiota-brain axis. Based on this theory, the microbiota acts on the development, physiology, and cognitive functions of the brain, although the mechanisms involved have not yet been fully interpreted. Similarly, a close relationship between alteration of the intestinal microbiota and the onset of several neurological pathologies has been highlighted. This review aims to point out current knowledge as can be found in literature regarding the connection between intestinal dysbiosis and the onset of particular neurological pathologies such as anxiety and depression, autism spectrum disorder, and multiple sclerosis. These disorders have always been considered to be a consequence of neuronal alteration, but in this review, we hypothesize that these alterations may be non-neuronal in origin, and consider the idea that the composition of the microbiota could be directly involved. In this direction, the following two key points will be highlighted: (1) the direct cross-talk that comes about between neurons and gut microbiota, and (2) the degree of impact of the microbiota on the brain. Could we consider the microbiota a valuable target for reducing or modulating the incidence of certain neurological diseases?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macri
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
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Maiuolo J, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Carresi C, Scarano F, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Ruga S, Zito MC, Macri R, Bulotta R, Muscoli C, Mollace V. From Metabolic Syndrome to Neurological Diseases: Role of Autophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:651021. [PMID: 33816502 PMCID: PMC8017166 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.651021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is not a single pathology, but a constellation of cardiovascular disease risk factors including: central and abdominal obesity, systemic hypertension, insulin resistance (or type 2 diabetes mellitus), and atherogenic dyslipidemia. The global incidence of Metabolic syndrome is estimated to be about one quarter of the world population; for this reason, it would be desirable to better understand the underlying mechanisms involved in order to develop treatments that can reduce or eliminate the damage caused. The effects of Metabolic syndrome are multiple and wide ranging; some of which have an impact on the central nervous system and cause neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Autophagy is a catabolic intracellular process, essential for the recycling of cytoplasmic materials and for the degradation of damaged cellular organelle. Therefore, autophagy is primarily a cytoprotective mechanism; even if excessive cellular degradation can be detrimental. To date, it is known that systemic autophagic insufficiency is able to cause metabolic balance deterioration and facilitate the onset of metabolic syndrome. This review aims to highlight the current state of knowledge regarding the connection between metabolic syndrome and the onset of several neurological diseases related to it. Furthermore, since autophagy has been found to be of particular importance in metabolic disorders, the probable involvement of this degradative process is assumed to be responsible for the attenuation of neurological disorders resulting from metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macri
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Bulotta
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
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Carresi C, Mollace R, Macrì R, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Scarano F, Coppoletta AR, Guarnieri L, Ruga S, Zito MC, Nucera S, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Maiuolo J, Palma E, Mollace V. Oxidative Stress Triggers Defective Autophagy in Endothelial Cells: Role in Atherothrombosis Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030387. [PMID: 33807637 PMCID: PMC8001288 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherothrombosis, a multifactorial and multistep artery disorder, represents one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The development and progression of atherothrombosis is closely associated with age, gender and a complex relationship between unhealthy lifestyle habits and several genetic risk factors. The imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses is the main biological event leading to the development of a pro-oxidant phenotype, triggering cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with the atherothrombotic process. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its late thrombotic complications involve multiple cellular events such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations, and platelet activation, contributing to chronic pathological remodeling of the vascular wall, atheromatous plague formation, vascular stenosis, and eventually, thrombus growth and propagation. Emerging studies suggest that clotting activation and endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction play key roles in the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis. Furthermore, a growing body of evidence indicates that defective autophagy is closely linked to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which, in turn, are involved in the development and progression of atherosclerotic disease. This topic represents a large field of study aimed at identifying new potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on the major role played by the autophagic pathway induced by oxidative stress in the modulation of EC dysfunction as a background to understand its potential role in the development of atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carresi
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09613694128; Fax: +39-09613695737
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (R.M.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Carresi C, Scicchitano M, Scarano F, Macrì R, Bosco F, Nucera S, Ruga S, Zito MC, Mollace R, Guarnieri L, Coppoletta AR, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Maiuolo J, Palma E, Mollace V. The Potential Properties of Natural Compounds in Cardiac Stem Cell Activation: Their Role in Myocardial Regeneration. Nutrients 2021; 13:275. [PMID: 33477916 PMCID: PMC7833367 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which include congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and many other cardiac disorders, cause about 30% of deaths globally; representing one of the main health problems worldwide. Among CVDs, ischemic heart diseases (IHDs) are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. The onset of IHDs is essentially due to an unbalance between the metabolic demands of the myocardium and its supply of oxygen and nutrients, coupled with a low regenerative capacity of the heart, which leads to great cardiomyocyte (CM) loss; promoting heart failure (HF) and myocardial infarction (MI). To date, the first strategy recommended to avoid IHDs is prevention in order to reduce the underlying risk factors. In the management of IHDs, traditional therapeutic options are widely used to improve symptoms, attenuate adverse cardiac remodeling, and reduce early mortality rate. However, there are no available treatments that aim to improve cardiac performance by replacing the irreversible damaged cardiomyocytes (CMs). Currently, heart transplantation is the only treatment being carried out for irreversibly damaged CMs. Hence, the discovery of new therapeutic options seems to be necessary. Interestingly, recent experimental evidence suggests that regenerative stem cell medicine could be a useful therapeutic approach to counteract cardiac damage and promote tissue regeneration. To this end, researchers are tasked with answering one main question: how can myocardial regeneration be stimulated? In this regard, natural compounds from plant extracts seem to play a particularly promising role. The present review will summarize the recent advances in our knowledge of stem cell therapy in the management of CVDs; focusing on the main properties and potential mechanisms of natural compounds in stimulating and activating stem cells for myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Macrì R, Musolino V, Gliozzi M, Carresi C, Maiuolo J, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Scarano F, Ruga S, Zito MC, Guarnieri L, Bombardelli E, Mollace V. Ferula L. Plant Extracts and Dose-Dependent Activity of Natural Sesquiterpene Ferutinin: From Antioxidant Potential to Cytotoxic Effects. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235768. [PMID: 33297504 PMCID: PMC7731292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The employment studies of natural extracts in the prevention and treatment of several diseases highlighted the role of different species of genus Ferula L., belonging to the Apiaceae family, dicotyledonous plants present in many temperate zones of our planet. Ferula communis L. is the main source of sesquiterpene ferutinin, a bioactive compound studied both in vitro and in vivo, because of different effects, such as phytoestrogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, but also antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity, performed in a dose-dependent and cell-dependent way. The present review will focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in the different activities of Ferutinin, starting from its antioxidant potential at low doses until its ionophoric property and the subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction induced through administration of high doses, which represent the key point of its anticancer action. Furthermore, we will summarize the data acquired from some experimental studies on different cell types and on several diseases. The results obtained showed an important antioxidant and phytoestrogenic regulation with lack of typical side effects related to estrogenic therapy. The preferential cell death induction for tumor cell lines suggests that ferutinin may have anti-neoplastic properties, and may be used as an antiproliferative and cytotoxic agent in an estrogen dependent and independent manner. Nevertheless, more data are needed to clearly understand the effect of ferutinin in animals before using it as a phytoestrogen or anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (V.M.); Tel./Fax: +39-0961-3694301 (R.M. & V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (V.M.); Tel./Fax: +39-0961-3694301 (R.M. & V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Ezio Bombardelli
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
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Maiuolo J, Mollace R, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Carresi C, Paone S, Scicchitano M, Macrì R, Nucera S, Bosco F, Scarano F, Zito MC, Ruga S, Tavernese A, Mollace V. The Contribution of Endothelial Dysfunction in Systemic Injury Subsequent to SARS-Cov-2 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9309. [PMID: 33291346 PMCID: PMC7730352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) infection is associated, alongside with lung infection and respiratory disease, to cardiovascular dysfunction that occurs at any stage of the disease. This includes ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathies. The common pathophysiological link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the cardiovascular events is represented by coagulation abnormalities and disruption of factors released by endothelial cells, which contribute in maintaining the blood vessels into an anti-thrombotic state. Thus, early alteration of the functionality of endothelial cells, which may be found soon after SARS-CoV-2 infection, seems to represent the major target of a SARS CoV-2 disease state and accounts for the systemic vascular dysfunction that leads to a detrimental effect in terms of hospitalization and death accompanying the disease. In particular, the molecular interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the ACE2 receptor located in the endothelial cell surface, either at the pulmonary and systemic level, leads to early impairment of endothelial function, which, in turn, is followed by vascular inflammation and thrombosis of peripheral blood vessels. This highlights systemic hypoxia and further aggravates the vicious circle that compromises the development of the disease, leading to irreversible tissue damage and death of people with SARS CoV-2 infection. The review aims to assess some recent advances to define the crucial role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of vascular complications accompanying SARS-CoV-2 infection. In particular, the molecular mechanisms associated with the interaction of SARS CoV-2 with the ACE2 receptor located on the endothelial cells are highlighted to support its role in compromising endothelial cell functionality. Finally, the consequences of endothelial dysfunction in enhancing pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection are assessed in order to identify early therapeutic interventions able to reduce the impact of the disease in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Department of Medicine, Chair of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sara Paone
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Department of Medicine, Chair of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.P.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (F.S.); (M.C.Z.); (S.R.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Roma, Italy
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Gliozzi M, Scarano F, Musolino V, Carresi C, Scicchitano M, Ruga S, Zito MC, Nucera S, Bosco F, Maiuolo J, Macrì R, Guarnieri L, Mollace R, Coppoletta AR, Nicita C, Tavernese A, Palma E, Muscoli C, Mollace V. Role of TSPO/VDAC1 Upregulation and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Localization in the Dysfunctional Myocardium of Hyperglycaemic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207432. [PMID: 33050121 PMCID: PMC7587933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical management of diabetic cardiomyopathy represents an unmet need owing to insufficient knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying the dysfunctional heart. The aim of this work is to better clarify the role of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) isoforms and of translocator protein (TSPO)/voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 (VDAC1) modulation in the development of hyperglycaemia-induced myocardial injury. Hyperglycaemia was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats through a streptozocin injection (35 mg/Kg, i.p.). After 60 days, cardiac function was analysed by echocardiography. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate NADPH oxidase and TSPO expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. MMP-2 activity was detected by zymography. Superoxide anion production was estimated by MitoSOX™ staining. Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 (VDAC-1), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and cytochrome C expression was assessed by Western blot. Hyperglycaemic rats displayed cardiac dysfunction; this response was characterized by an overexpression of NADPH oxidase, accompanied by an increase of superoxide anion production. Under hyperglycaemia, increased expression of TSPO and VDAC1 was detected. MMP-2 downregulated activity occurred under hyperglycemia and this profile of activation was accompanied by the translocation of intracellular N-terminal truncated isoform of MMP-2 (NT-MMP-2) from mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) into mitochondria. In the onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy, mitochondrial impairment in cardiomyocytes is characterized by the dysregulation of the different MMP-2 isoforms. This can imply the generation of a “frail” myocardial tissue unable to adapt itself to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0961-3694301
| | - Federica Scarano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Cristina Carresi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Stefano Ruga
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Francesca Bosco
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Roberta Macrì
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Rocco Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Caterina Nicita
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (S.N.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (R.M.); (A.R.C.); (C.N.); (E.P.); (C.M.); (V.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Presso Fondazione Terina, 88046 Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy;
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, 00163 Rome, Italy
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Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Bosco F, Scicchitano M, Scarano F, Nucera S, Zito MC, Ruga S, Carresi C, Macrì R, Guarnieri L, Maiuolo J, Tavernese A, Coppoletta AR, Nicita C, Mollace R, Palma E, Muscoli C, Belzung C, Mollace V. Cholesterol homeostasis: Researching a dialogue between the brain and peripheral tissues. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105215. [PMID: 33007421 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is a highly regulated process in human body because of its several functions underlying the biology of cell membranes, the synthesis of all steroid hormones and bile acids and the need of trafficking lipids destined to cell metabolism. In particular, it has been recognized that peripheral and central nervous system cholesterol metabolism are separated by the blood brain barrier and are regulated independently; indeed, peripherally, it depends on the balance between dietary intake and hepatic synthesis on one hand and its degradation on the other, whereas in central nervous system it is synthetized de novo to ensure brain physiology. In view of this complex metabolism and its relevant functions in mammalian, impaired levels of cholesterol can induce severe cellular dysfunction leading to metabolic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this review is to clarify the role of cholesterol homeostasis in health and disease highlighting new intriguing aspects of the cross talk between its central and peripheral metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Caterina Nicita
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, Rome, Italy.
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Oppedisano F, Macrì R, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Carresi C, Maiuolo J, Bosco F, Nucera S, Caterina Zito M, Guarnieri L, Scarano F, Nicita C, Coppoletta AR, Ruga S, Scicchitano M, Mollace R, Palma E, Mollace V. The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of n-3 PUFAs: Their Role in Cardiovascular Protection. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090306. [PMID: 32854210 PMCID: PMC7554783 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with 18, 20 or 22 carbon atoms, which have been found able to counteract cardiovascular diseases. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in particular, have been found to produce both vaso- and cardio-protective response via modulation of membrane phospholipids thereby improving cardiac mitochondrial functions and energy production. However, antioxidant properties of n-3 PUFAs, along with their anti-inflammatory effect in both blood vessels and cardiac cells, seem to exert beneficial effects in cardiovascular impairment. In fact, dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFAs has been demonstrated to reduce oxidative stress-related mitochondrial dysfunction and endothelial cell apoptosis, an effect occurring via an increased activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. On the other hand, n-3 PUFAs have been shown to counteract the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in both vascular tissues and in the myocardium, thereby restoring vascular reactivity and myocardial performance. Here we summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of n-3 PUFAs in vascular and cardiac tissues and their implication in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Oppedisano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Caterina Nicita
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (F.S.); (C.N.); (A.R.C.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Carresi C, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Scicchitano M, Scarano F, Bosco F, Nucera S, Maiuolo J, Macrì R, Ruga S, Oppedisano F, Zito MC, Guarnieri L, Mollace R, Tavernese A, Palma E, Bombardelli E, Fini M, Mollace V. The Effect of Natural Antioxidants in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome: Focus on Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1504. [PMID: 32455840 PMCID: PMC7284500 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a set of clinical findings that include visceral adiposity, insulin-resistance, high triglycerides (TG), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and hypertension, which is linked to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The pathogenesis of MetS involves both genetic and acquired factors triggering oxidative stress, cellular dysfunction and systemic inflammation process mainly responsible for the pathophysiological mechanism. In recent years, MetS has gained importance due to the exponential increase in obesity worldwide. However, at present, it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. The present review will summarize the pathogenesis of MetS and the existing pharmacological therapies currently used and focus attention on the beneficial effects of natural compounds to reduce the risk and progression of MetS. In this regard, emerging evidence suggests a potential protective role of bergamot extracts, in particular bergamot flavonoids, in the management of different features of MetS, due to their pleiotropic anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Chair of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Chair of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Ezio Bombardelli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Massimo Fini
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
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Oppedisano F, Muscoli C, Musolino V, Carresi C, Macrì R, Giancotta C, Bosco F, Maiuolo J, Scarano F, Paone S, Nucera S, Zito MC, Scicchitano M, Ruga S, Ragusa M, Palma E, Tavernese A, Mollace R, Bombardelli E, Mollace V. The Protective Effect of Cynara Cardunculus Extract in Diet-Induced NAFLD: Involvement of OCTN1 and OCTN2 Transporter Subfamily. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1435. [PMID: 32429274 PMCID: PMC7284543 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia and insulin-resistance are often associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) thereby representing a true issue worldwide due to increased risk of developing cardiovascular and systemic disorders. Although clear evidence suggests that circulating fatty acids contribute to pathophysiological mechanisms underlying NAFLD and hyperlipidemia, further studies are required to better identify potential beneficial approaches for counteracting such a disease. Recently, several artichoke extracts have been used for both reducing hyperlipidemia, insulin-resistance and NAFLD, though the mechanism is unclear. Here we used a wild type of Cynara Cardunculus extract (CyC), rich in sesquiterpens and antioxidant active ingredients, in rats fed a High Fat Diet (HFD) compared to a Normal Fat Diet (NFD). In particular, in rats fed HFD for four consecutive weeks, we found a significant increase of serum cholesterol, triglyceride and serum glucose. This effect was accompanied by increased body weight and by histopathological features of liver steatosis. The alterations of metabolic parameters found in HFDs were antagonised dose-dependently by daily oral supplementation of rats with CyC 10 and 20 mg/kg over four weeks, an effect associated to significant improvement of liver steatosis. The effect of CyC (20 mg/kg) was also associated to enhanced expression of both OCTN1 and OCTN2 carnitine-linked transporters. Thus, present data suggest a contribution of carnitine system in the protective effect of CyC in diet-induced hyperlipidemia, insulin-resistance and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Oppedisano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
- San Raffaele IRCCS, 00199 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Caterina Giancotta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Sara Paone
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Monica Ragusa
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Ezio Bombardelli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (C.M.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (F.B.); (J.M.); (F.S.); (S.P.); (S.N.); (M.C.Z.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (M.R.); (E.P.); (A.T.); (R.M.); (E.B.)
- San Raffaele IRCCS, 00199 Rome, Italy
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Musolino V, Gliozzi M, Bombardelli E, Nucera S, Carresi C, Maiuolo J, Mollace R, Paone S, Bosco F, Scarano F, Scicchitano M, Macrì R, Ruga S, Zito MC, Palma E, Gratteri S, Ragusa M, Volterrani M, Fini M, Mollace V. The synergistic effect of Citrus bergamia and Cynara cardunculus extracts on vascular inflammation and oxidative stress in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 10:268-274. [PMID: 32670822 PMCID: PMC7340872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) represents a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. NAFLD is worsened by the simultaneous occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) causing an enhancement of inflammatory and fibrotic processes. Although insulin resistance appears the link between NAFLD and T2DM, current pharmacological treatments of T2DM failed to produce relevant benefits in preventing T2DM-related liver dysfunction. In this randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical study, we evaluated the effect of Bergacyn, an innovative formulation originating from the combination of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction (BPF) and Cynara cardunculus (CyC). EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 80 adult patients with a history of at least 12 months of T2DM and NAFLD received orally BPF (300 mg/daily) Cyc (300 mg/daily), separately or formulated in combination 50/50% (Bergacyn; 300 mg/daily), or placebo all containing 300 mg of bergamot albedo fibers micronized and co-grinded as excipients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Serum measurements and liver ultrasound analyses showed that concomitant administration of BPF and CyC produced significant improvement of NAFLD biomarkers in patients with T2DM. This effect was associated with a substantial reduction of oxidative stress/inflammatory biomarkers, thus contributing to a significant improvement of NO-mediated reactive vasodilation. Furthermore, the effect of Bergacyn showed a synergistic effect of both extracts, thus suggesting that this peculiar formulation represents a novel therapeutic strategy to counteract vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients suffering from T2DM and NAFLD. Further studies in larger cohort of diabetic patients are required to better identify the potential of Bergacyn on metabolic disorders accompanying T2DM and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Ezio Bombardelli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Sara Paone
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Santo Gratteri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | - Monica Ragusa
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Nutramed Scarl and, Italy
- San Raffaele IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Oppedisano F, Maiuolo J, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Carresi C, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Scarano F, Bosco F, Macrì R, Ruga S, Zito MC, Palma E, Muscoli C, Mollace V. The Potential for Natural Antioxidant Supplementation in the Early Stages of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072618. [PMID: 32283806 PMCID: PMC7177481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurodegenerative process is characterized by the progressive ultrastructural alterations of selected classes of neurons accompanied by imbalanced cellular homeostasis, a process which culminates, in the later stages, in cell death and the loss of specific neurological functions. Apart from the neuronal cell impairment in selected areas of the central nervous system which characterizes many neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, etc.), some alterations may be found in the early stages including gliosis and the misfolding or unfolding accumulation of proteins. On the other hand, several common pathophysiological mechanisms can be found early in the course of the disease including altered oxidative metabolism, the loss of cross-talk among the cellular organelles and increased neuroinflammation. Thus, antioxidant compounds have been suggested, in recent years, as a potential strategy for preventing or counteracting neuronal cell death and nutraceutical supplementation has been studied in approaching the early phases of neurodegenerative diseases. The present review will deal with the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the early stages of the neurodegenerative process. In addition, the potential of nutraceutical supplementation in counteracting these diseases will be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Oppedisano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (E.P.); (C.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (E.P.); (C.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (E.P.); (C.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (E.P.); (C.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (E.P.); (C.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (E.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (E.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (E.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (E.P.); (C.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (E.P.); (C.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (E.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (E.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (E.P.); (C.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (E.P.); (C.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Valcannuta 247, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.O.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (E.P.); (C.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Valcannuta 247, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-327-475-8007
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37
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Musolino V, Gliozzi M, Scarano F, Bosco F, Scicchitano M, Nucera S, Carresi C, Ruga S, Zito MC, Maiuolo J, Macrì R, Amodio N, Juli G, Tassone P, Mollace R, Caffrey R, Marioneaux J, Walker R, Ehrlich J, Palma E, Muscoli C, Bedossa P, Salvemini D, Mollace V, Sanyal AJ. Bergamot Polyphenols Improve Dyslipidemia and Pathophysiological Features in a Mouse Model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2565. [PMID: 32054943 PMCID: PMC7018973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for continued drug development for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Bergamot is a plant whose fruit juice is enriched with flavonoids and phenolic compounds which improves dyslipidemia and markers of systemic inflammation in patients with Metabolic Syndrome. The aim of this study was to perform a preclinical "proof of concept" study of Bergamot polyphenolic formulation (BPF99) for the treatment of NASH. A disease reversal study was performed in the diet-induced animal model of NAFLD (DIAMOND). Groups of 8 weeks old mice were randomly assigned to receive chow diet, high fat diet with sugar in drinking water (Western diet- WD). Mice on WD were further randomized to continue on WD gavaged with vehicle or continue on WD with additional gavage of BPF99 (50 mg/kg) after 16 weeks of diet. Mice were euthanized after 11 additional weeks. The primary endpoint was resolution of NASH. Secondary endpoints included changes in individual histological features, body weight, liver enzymes, dyslipidemia, markers of oxidative stress and molecular markers of disease activity and fibrosis. The results showed that BPF99 reduced ALT (mean 71.6 vs 44.6 IU/l, p < 0.01), triglycerides (38.8 vs 28.1 mg/dl, p < 0.05), LDL-C (39.2 vs 23.7 mg/dl, p < 0.001). It significantly improved NASH resolution (p < 0.001) and the SAF scores (p < 0.05) while the NAS improvement approached significance. BPF99 reduced markers of oxidative stress, along with reduced JNK and p38 MAP kinase activity. BPF99 did not reduce the number of mice with fibrosis but improved collagen proportional area (p < 0.04) and procollagen I and III expression. Collectively our results showed that BPF99 resolves NASH and ameliorates key histological and pathophysiological features of NASH along with improvement in ALT and dyslipidemia in the DIAMOND mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy. .,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giada Juli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rebecca Caffrey
- Sanyal biotechnology, 800 E Leigh St, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | | | - Ross Walker
- Macquarie University Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierre Bedossa
- Liverpat, Paris, France.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Sanyal biotechnology, 800 E Leigh St, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA.
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Maiuolo J, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Carresi C, Nucera S, Macrì R, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Scarano F, Ruga S, Zito MC, Oppedisano F, Mollace R, Paone S, Palma E, Muscoli C, Mollace V. The Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Peripheral Blood Nerve Barrier: Molecular Mechanisms and Pathophysiological Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123022. [PMID: 31226852 PMCID: PMC6628074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The exchange of solutes between the blood and the nerve tissue is mediated by specific and high selective barriers in order to ensure the integrity of the different compartments of the nervous system. At peripheral level, this function is maintained by the Blood Nerve Barrier (BNB) that, in the presence, of specific stressor stimuli can be damaged causing the onset of neurodegenerative processes. An essential component of BNB is represented by the endothelial cells surrounding the sub-structures of peripheral nerves and increasing evidence suggests that endothelial dysfunction can be considered a leading cause of the nerve degeneration. The purpose of this review is to highlight the main mechanisms involved in the impairment of endothelial cells in specific diseases associated with peripheral nerve damage, such as diabetic neuropathy, erectile dysfunction and inflammation of the sciatic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Federica Scarano
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Sara Paone
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, Via di Valcannuta 247, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Nutramed Societa' Consortile A Responsabilita' Limitata (S.c.a.r.l.), Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele, Via di Valcannuta 247, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Musolino V, Gliozzi M, Nucera S, Carresi C, Maiuolo J, Mollace R, Paone S, Bosco F, Scarano F, Scicchitano M, Ruga S, Zito MC, Colica C, Macrì R, Palma E, Ragusa S, Muscoli C, Mollace V. The effect of bergamot polyphenolic fraction on lipid transfer protein system and vascular oxidative stress in a rat model of hyperlipemia. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:115. [PMID: 31101130 PMCID: PMC6525455 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental and epidemiological studies show that bergamot polyphenolic fraction (BPF) ameliorates the serum lipemic profile, normalizes blood pressure and improves non alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients suffering from metabolic syndrome. Despite this evidence, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these beneficial effects remain unclear. The aim of our study is to clarify the effects of BPF on the lipoprotein assembly and to identify oxidative stress biomarkers correlating hyperlipidaemia and BPF-induced metabolic changes. Methods Male Wistar rats (180–200 g) were randomly assigned to receive a standard diet, a hypercholesterolemic diet or a hypercholesterolemic diet+BPF (20 mg/Kg/rat daily, gavage), respectively, for 90 days. Total cholesterol (tChol), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and fasting plasma glucose were evaluated at the baseline as well as at the end of the treatment. To assess the effect of BPF on the Lipid Transfer Protein System, detection of ACAT, LCAT, CETP, PON1, Apo A1 and Apo B have also been carried out. Finally, the lipid peroxidation biomarker (TBARS) and oxyLDL were also measured. Results BPF prevented tChol, LDL-C, TG and fasting plasma glucose enhancement and improved HDL-C. Treatment of hyperlipæmic rats with BPF significantly restored altered the serum concentration of lipemic biomarkers and the activity of ACAT, LCAT, CETP and PON1, an effect accompanied by the concomitant normalization of Apo A1 and APO B levels. In addition, TBARS levels were reduced significantly by the treatment with BPF. Conclusions BPF prevents diet-induced alteration of the lipid profile in rats, counteracting oxidative stress and improving the dysregulation of the Lipid Transfer Protein System. These data add new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial role of BPF in the therapy of hyperlipidaemia, thus suggesting a novel approach in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy. .,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, 88021, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, 88021, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, 88021, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, 88021, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, 88021, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, 88021, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sara Paone
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, 88021, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, 88021, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, 88021, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, 88021, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, 88021, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, 88021, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmen Colica
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, 88021, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, 88021, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, 88021, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ragusa
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.,San Raffaele IRCCS Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Loc. Germaneto, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy. .,San Raffaele IRCCS Pisana, Rome, Italy.
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Salvadori A, Fanari P, Ruga S, Brunani A, Longhini E. Creatine kinase and creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme during and after exercise testing in normal and obese young people. Chest 1992; 102:1687-9. [PMID: 1446472 DOI: 10.1378/chest.102.6.1687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB values during a cycloergometric test up to maximal work capacity in 10 normal subjects aged 20 to 39 years (mean body mass index, 22 kg/m2) and 11 obese patients aged 17 to 42 years (mean body mass index, 41 kg/m2), all without any cardiorespiratory diseases. Total CK was significantly higher in obese patients. The CK-MB was not significantly different between the two groups, except at the first recovery when it was increased in obese patients and decreased in normal subjects. These results could be due to more important total stress of the total musculature, especially cardiac, and especially cardiac musculature in obese patients during a physical effort. Considering the mean values of total CK of our obese patients, it may be possible that they have myocardial damage at percentages of CK-MB less than those of lean subjects generally accepted at more than 4 percent. Moreover, in obese heart patients myocardial distress during exercise testing may be present despite heart rate at peak exercise beneath the theoretic maximal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salvadori
- Divisione di Medicina Riabilitativa, Centro Auxologico Italiano di Piancavallo, Verbania
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Mazza P, Salvadori A, Baudo S, Fanari P, Fontana M, Ruga S, Longhini E. Catecholamine-stimulated potassium transport in erythrocytes from normal and obese subjects. Minerva Med 1992; 83:615-9. [PMID: 1334239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The beta adrenergic-modulated Na+/K+ ATPase pump rate of red blood cells was measured in vitro in 18 non diabetic obese patients. After challenge of erythrocytes with beta adrenergic selective agonist Salbutamol, the decrement of the K+ concentration in the suspending medium was assumed to be related to the Na+/K+ ATPase pump rate or to the number of beta 2 receptors. The mean K+ uptake was markedly increased in the erythrocytes of obese patients (1.58 mEq/l SD 0.18) if compared with 38 normal subjects (1.30 mEq/l SD 0.11) and with a population of 30 atopic patients that we have previously reported to have a reduced red cells beta 2 receptor activity (1.09 mEq/L SD 0.11). These results are not consistent with the hypothesis that a reduction in the Na+/K+ ATPase pump rate (at least in red blood cells) may be responsible for decreased metabolic rates leading to obesity. Since the autonomic nervous system is involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system, it is conceivable that an increased Na+ ATPase pump rate (or supersensitivity) may be responsible of the increased incidence of hypertension, congestive heart failure and unexplained sudden death associated with obesity in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mazza
- Divisione di Medicina Riabilitativa, Centro Auxologico Italiano, Piancavallo, Novara
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Pontiroli AE, Ruga S, Maffi P, Scaglia L, Perfetti MG, Pozza G. Pituitary reserve after repeated administrations of releasing hormones in young and in elderly men: reproducibility on different days. J Endocrinol Invest 1992; 15:559-66. [PMID: 1430839 DOI: 10.1007/bf03344925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Combined testing of the pituitary gland by administration of GHRH, CRH, GnRH and TRH has been proposed for clinical studies, although some reports indicate that individual endocrine responses can be different when releasing hormones are used alone or in combination. Aims of this study were to evaluate: 1) the reproducibility of the combined test on different days; 2) the endocrine responses to the combined test applied twice at 3h and at 5h interval; 3) differences of endocrine responses in young and in elderly men. Six healthy young men (aged 25 to 35 yr) and 6 healthy elderly men (aged 65 to 75 yr) were evaluated: elderly men had lower testosterone, free T3, and somatomedin-c levels than young men, while 17 beta-estradiol and inhibin were not significantly different, all values being within normal laboratory limits. The 12 men were tested on day 1 with iv GHRH (50 micrograms) CRH (50 micrograms), GnRH (100 micrograms) and TRH (200 micrograms) at 08:00h and again at 11:00h; on day 8, the same men were tested at 08:00h and again at 13:00h. At 08:00h, the endocrine responses were similar on day 1 and on day 8. The second GH (young and elderly men) and PRL (only young men) response was blunted on day 1, when the interval between two consecutive stimuli was 3h, but not on day 8, when the interval was 5h. Elderly men differed from young men only for GH and for PRL release on day 1 at 08:00h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Pontiroli
- Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Università di Milano, Italy
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